EP0814993B1 - Electric vehicle, especially an electrically powered rail vehicle, e.g. a low-platform tramcar - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric vehicle, especially an electrically powered rail vehicle (10), i.e. a low-platform tramcar, with at least one drivable wheel (2) of a bogie (7) fitted about a spindle (1) and an electric motor (3) in the region of said wheel (2) arranged in such a way that its rigid drive shaft (4) extends approximately parallel to the direction of travel. The drive shaft (4) is connected to the wheel (2) via a transmission (5) and an elastic coupling (8). This construction permits a high motor output with a low centre of gravity of the vehicle and reduced narrowing of the passage clearance inside the vehicle.

Description

The invention relates to an electrically drivable rail vehicle, for example Low-floor tram, with at least one four-wheeled bogie Frame on which wheels from an electric motor via a drive shaft, a clutch and a gear can be driven, the motor and the drive shaft in the direction of travel and in the area between two wheels of the frame arranged one behind the other Are arranged essentially laterally on the outside of the same.

An electric vehicle of the type cited above is known from EP-A-0 364 847. With this Electric vehicle, the wheels of motors are driven via drive shafts, the Motors with the respective drive shafts in the direction of travel and in the area between two wheels of the bogie lying one behind the other, but essentially laterally the same are arranged. This known electric vehicle has for the parallel wheels continuous axles on, so that a height construction for a low-floor rail vehicle not possible.

For driving electric vehicles - usually at least one, one torque generating electric motor that directly or indirectly with at least one wheel or one Axis of rotation is connected - so far different mounting locations are known, the advantages, but also have disadvantages.

DE-A1-3144999 describes such a drive for rail vehicles, for example: An electric motor attached to a bogie drives one via a gearbox continuous transverse axis, at the ends of which a wheel is attached. Therefore, for two driven wheels only one motor necessary, which, however, disadvantageously between the Wheels is under the floor of the rail vehicle. Both the transverse axis and the engine also requires a relatively high minimum distance from the vehicle floor from the rails.

In the course of efforts to lower the vehicle floor, however, were Drives created, which were each assigned to a single bearing wheel. Out of it disadvantageously there was an increased need for motors and a high demand electronic controls for the same, because their drive power on each other had to be coordinated.

From EP-A2-464929 a drive of a rail vehicle can be seen in which a single wheel by means of a synchronous motor, which is on the outside of the Single wheel is arranged, is driven. This synchronous motor is designed that the stator is rigid with a fixed axis of the single wheel is connected, while the external rotor is connected to the single wheel Connected screws and is rotatably mounted on the axis with this. A cross axis can be omitted, however, so that the vehicle floor between two Wheels or between the rails can be lowered. A drive from at the same time two wheels by a single motor is disadvantageously not possible. In order to get enough traction, this has to be done for everyone A separate motor can be provided for the wheel.

EP-A1-413337 and EP-A1-463168 also describe comparable solutions comparable advantages and disadvantages. In addition to the disadvantages mentioned, the used motors a small volume, but also one bring low drive power with it. There is also the problem of engine cooling not optimally solved in such known solutions.

In contrast, used under the name ULF by a consortium Participation of the applicant recently presented low-floor tram an electric drive motor, the drive axis of which is approximately vertical is arranged to the rails in the region of the wheel to be driven, wherein they over a gearbox is connected to the respective wheel. The engine power can be increased accordingly and the cooling - e.g. Water cooling - will facilitated. However, this structure, which is good in itself, occurs in addition to the known one Problem of independent wheel drive added a disadvantage: The vertically mounted Motor needs space with the gearbox, that of the clear Passage width of the vehicle interior is removed. Also stores this build up the focus relatively high.

Another well-known vehicle called COBRA (trademark) is is known in which motors extending in the direction of travel of the vehicle are provided, which have a gearbox on the engine and a cardan shaft each a gearbox, each with rigidly coupled to a wheel. This is a very complex structure in itself maintenance-intensive with regard to the cardan drives and expensive with regard to the gears and wide, so that even with this construction there is no optimal width Interior passage lights results. In addition, none can with this relatively bulky structure Four-wheel bogie can be used, giving its advantages such as Impact reduction on the vehicle body on uneven rails or the like not effective come.

In contrast, the invention has for its object an electrically operated To create a vehicle with high drive power per engine, in which the light Clearance inside the vehicle is affected as little as possible by the engines, the focus is accordingly low and the known advantages of a bogie Should find application. In a further step of the invention, the invention is intended be made possible to drive two wheels per motor at the same time. The disadvantages mentioned should be avoided as far as possible.

The object is achieved by applying the features of claim 1, the Wheels, as known per se, are constructed or mounted as idler gears and each have one elastic coupling are connected to the associated transmission, which via a Gear coupling is essentially rigidly connected to the associated motor.

The disadvantage of passage light restrictions in the interior of the vehicle is thereby avoided as well as the raising of the vehicle's center of gravity by the vertical arrangement of powerful motors. The least disability of the inner Vehicle interior passage lights for a given track width result from this conventional systems.

The known advantage of bogies is in contrast to conventional ones Maintain solutions, whereby the bogie is of course preferred to keep the structure is that it is lower in the area of the vehicle floor than, for example, in the area the bearings and the wheels.

The use of a single wheel bogie according to the invention also brings compared to the frequently practiced portal frame design, the advantage that the wheels have a have good guidance in the bogie frame and stable running results. The Noise is reduced, as is wheel rim wear, and that Improved cornering, with the bogie opposite if necessary the vehicle body also in a plane approximately perpendicular to the direction of travel can be.

The invention also creates the possibility of two Allowing wheels to be driven by a motor at the same time, without being expensive To have to use gearbox or cardan solutions, for example if at least two Drivable wheels lying one behind the other simultaneously with one continuous motor shaft as the drive shaft of a single motor over one each Gearbox are in drive connection. In contrast to known drives, where a Motor without differential action over one axis two, but side by side horizontal wheels drive, this means with an equally good overall traction compared to Track body a significantly lower speed difference when cornering, especially the speed of two wheels running one behind the other on a bogie Is usually about the same.

In addition, according to the invention, the motor is now at a location where it is different Facilities such as Door mechanisms etc. do not bother. Nevertheless, it can do optimally cooled (e.g. water cooling), which increases its power density.

A cone (tooth) wheel gearbox is recommended as a gearbox, this like mentioned is elastically coupled to the (respective) wheel according to the invention. This clutch reduces engine and transmission loads and saves on the other hand the use of gimbals for which on a bogie due to the relatively short wheelbase there would be no space. The smoothness and Noise minimization is further improved when the clutch is vibration-damped between the gearbox and the associated wheel, so that jerky torques from the engine or the wheel are reduced and damped are transmitted, and / or that mass vibrations of the drive part (motor and gear) are reduced to the wheel.

Variants are also within the scope of the invention, in which the transmission with a Axle or with an axle stub drivingly connected via the coupling, provided that at least one wheel with this axle or with this stub axle is rigid connected is.

In the case of two wheels driven by a motor, each with a gear these are among themselves via the motor shaft designed as a drive shaft torsionally rigid.

According to a development of the invention that is possible according to the invention, there are two parallel running wheels of the bogie by means of a - preferably rigid - axle connected, which may can also form part of the bogie frame. To go through such an axle does not increase again at vehicle floor height, such are Axles preferably designed as portal axes cranked downwards. As part of the Structures with a torque transmission are also based on the invention such axes or between two waves located in the axes parallel running wheels.

The preferred elastic attachment of the motor to the bogie reduces in Association with the elastic couplings between gear and wheel undesirable Actions between these components.

The structure according to the invention allows advantageous further development, according to at least one between the motor and the driven wheel Braking device is arranged, which in the braking state directly or indirectly the drive shaft works. It can e.g. around a shoe brake, Disc brake or the like act. Due to their good effectiveness at high They can build speeds (engine speed) particularly small, light and cheap. you Use between gearbox and motor allows a maximum of integrated compact Construction. In addition, the brake is there on a well ventilated and closed cooling place. Of course, alternatively or additionally, mechanical ones are also Brakes directly on the wheel or on and parallel to the wheel connected brake disc possible.

A comfortable wheelbase with little stress (wear and tear) during Cornering results in a distance between the axes of rotation of the wheels in a row from approx. 180 to 200 cm.

A compact rail vehicle results when two bogies are used preferably four wheels are provided, the structure of the Rail vehicle between the two bogies at least one joint for has improved cornering.

If the structure of the rail vehicle for a multi-part rail vehicle has at least two joints between two bogies, between which one Vehicle section supported on rails via possibly non-driven wheels is, the transport performance can be increased economically.

However, variants are also within the scope of the patent claims, in which all wheels - if necessary individually - are driven. A preferred one Training results in the fact that all driven wheels or the associated motors Slip or torque are monitored and controlled so that an optimal Traction across the entire electric vehicle is achieved.

The advantages that result from the invention are as follows in particular on low-floor rail vehicles, but that is Experts after knowledge of this application a variety of other or additional Advantages for other electric vehicles clear, so that the inventive effects are not are only limited to low-floor rail vehicles. The scope of protection of the Claims therefore also encompass all those vehicles.

Fig. 1 einen Prinzipaufbau eines erfindungsgemässen Drehgestelles für ein Schienenfahrzeug mit Elektroantrieb in Draufsicht;

Fig.2 eine Seitenansicht zu Fig.1;

Fig.3 ein Schienenfahrzeug mit Gelenken im Aufbau;

Fig.4 eine Variante zum Aufbau nach Fig.3.

Further details and designs of the invention, as well as variants, result from the patent claims and the drawing. The figures shown there show examples:

Figure 1 shows a basic structure of a bogie according to the invention for a rail vehicle with an electric drive in plan view.

2 shows a side view of FIG. 1;

3 shows a rail vehicle with joints in the body;

4 shows a variant of the structure according to FIG. 3.

The figures are described coherently and comprehensively. Same Reference symbols mean the same components. The same reference numerals with different Indices mean similar or functionally similar components. The Invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. In front everything else, not railbound electric vehicles and combination of Drives according to the invention with conventional drives are also included.

The invention includes variants with motors on each side of one Electric vehicle or variants with motors only on one side of the Vehicle.

The principle of a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 1 illustrates: On a bogie 7 provided according to the invention, the more or is less rotatably connected to the vehicle body are via elastic silent blocks 15 a-c motors 3a, b laterally attached. They each drive a gear 5a, b and 5c, d two wheels 2a, b and 2c, d each. The motor or drive shaft 4a, 4b of the Motors 3a, 3b are designed to protrude on both sides. However, it is also in the Within the scope of the invention, a variant with short protruding on one or both sides Shaft pieces with one-sided or two-sided gear coupling via one type Gear coupling or the like. It is also conceivable to have two motors in a row to be provided so that an apparently continuous drive shaft between the Engines is disconnected.

The drive shafts also each carry a symbolically indicated one Braking device 9a, 9b, e.g. a disc brake.

The gears 5a-d are with the wheels 2a-d via symbolically indicated elastic Couplings 8a-d connected to both three-dimensional vibrations as well To cushion torque fluctuations.

A rail vehicle 10a, b according to Fig. 3,4 has three vehicle sections 12a-c, 12d-f, which are interconnected via joints 11a, b and 11c, d, respectively. The Joints serve the curve suitability of the rail vehicles 10a, b. The sections If necessary, 12b and 12e are via non-driven wheels 2e, f and 2d, h, respectively Rails 13 supported. But it could also be individually driven wheels. The The top edge of the vehicle floor is e.g. at 30cm above the rail level.

For variants in which two motors are opposite each other across the center of the vehicle, are these - preferably controlled by electronics - in such a way that the Cornering differential values for the drive torques or peripheral speeds of the wheels on both sides. Other variations are conceivable where e.g. Slip clutches between the engine and one wheel each are provided.

Furthermore, one can be used to couple the motor (3) to the transmission (5) Gear coupling (17) can be provided.

Reference list

1 a, b

Axis of rotation

2a, b, c, d

bikes

3 a, b

Engines

4 a, b

Motor or drive shaft

5 a, b, c, d

transmission

6

Direction of travel

7

bogie

8 a, b, c, d

elastic coupling

9 a, b

Braking device

10 a, b

Rail vehicle

11 a, b, c, d

Joints

12 a, b, c, d, e, f

Vehicle section (body)

13

rails

14

Pivot bearing device for connecting the bogie to the frame or Structure of the vehicle

15

elastic motor mounts

16

Vehicle doors

17th

Gear coupling

Claims (7)

1. An electrically driven rail vehicle (10), e.g. a low-platform tramcar, comprising at least one frame formed as a bogie on which wheels (2) can be driven by an electric motor (3) via a drive shaft (4), a coupling (17) and a gear (5), said motor (3) and said drive shaft (4) being arranged in the direction of journey and within a region between two wheels (2) of the frame situated one behind the other, but substantially laterally at the external side of the latter, characterised in that said wheels (2) are constructed and mounted as loose wheels and are connected to the assigned gear (5) each via an elastic coupling (8), said gear being substantially rigidly connected to the assigned motor (3) by a gear coupling (17).
2. Rail vehicle according to claim 1, characterised in that said motor is elastically supported exclusively on said bogie (7).
3. Rail vehicle comprising at least two wheels (2) of said bogie (7) which can be driven and are situated one behind the other, according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the motor shaft of the drive motor (3) forms the drive shaft (4) drivingly connected to said two wheels (2) each via a gear (5) characterised in that said elastic coupling (8) and said gear (5) are coaxially arranged to the respective assigned wheel.
4. Rail vehicle according to claim 3, characterised in that the distance between the revolution axles (1a,b) of the wheels (2a,b,c,d) situated one behind the other amounts to ca. 180 to 200cm.
5. Rail vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that, in the case of a plurality of electric motors, said electric motors (3) and/or the wheels driven by them are monitored as to slippage or torque, and are controlled by control electronic means.
6. Rail vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, particularly according to claim 5, characterised in that two bogies (7), having preferably four wheels (2) each, are provided, the construction of said rail vehicle (10) comprising at least one articulation (11) between the two bogies (7).
7. Rail vehicle (10) according to claim 6, characterised in that the construction of said rail vehicle (10) between the two bogies (7) comprises at least two articulations (11) between which a portion (12) of said vehicle is supported on rails (13) by, optionally not driven, wheels (2e,f,g,h).

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