EP0814993A1 - Electric vehicle, especially an electrically powered rail vehicle, e.g. a low-platform tramcar - Google Patents

Electric vehicle, especially an electrically powered rail vehicle, e.g. a low-platform tramcar

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Publication number
EP0814993A1
EP0814993A1 EP96905585A EP96905585A EP0814993A1 EP 0814993 A1 EP0814993 A1 EP 0814993A1 EP 96905585 A EP96905585 A EP 96905585A EP 96905585 A EP96905585 A EP 96905585A EP 0814993 A1 EP0814993 A1 EP 0814993A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wheels
motor
vehicle
wheel
electric vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96905585A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0814993B1 (en
Inventor
Josef Haas
Michael Petz
Franz Proksch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG Oesterreich
Original Assignee
ELIN Antriebstechnik GmbH
Elin EBG Traction GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by ELIN Antriebstechnik GmbH, Elin EBG Traction GmbH filed Critical ELIN Antriebstechnik GmbH
Publication of EP0814993A1 publication Critical patent/EP0814993A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C9/00—Locomotives or motor railcars characterised by the type of transmission system used; Transmission systems specially adapted for locomotives or motor railcars
    • B61C9/38—Transmission systems in or for locomotives or motor railcars with electric motor propulsion
    • B61C9/52—Transmission systems in or for locomotives or motor railcars with electric motor propulsion with transmission shafts at an angle to the driving axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D13/00—Tramway vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F3/00—Types of bogies
    • B61F3/02—Types of bogies with more than one axle
    • B61F3/04—Types of bogies with more than one axle with driven axles or wheels

Definitions

  • low-floor tram For example, low-floor tram
  • the invention relates to an electric vehicle, in particular an electrically driven rail vehicle, for example a low-floor tram.
  • DE-A 1-3144999 for example, describes such a drive for rail vehicles: an electric motor attached to a bogie drives a continuous transverse axis via a transmission, at the ends of which a wheel is attached. Accordingly, only one motor is required for two driven wheels, which, however, disadvantageously lies between the wheels under the vehicle floor of the rail vehicle. Both the transverse axis and the motor thus require a relatively high minimum distance between the vehicle floor and the rails.
  • EP-A2 -464929 shows a drive of a rail vehicle in which an individual wheel is driven by means of a synchronous motor which is arranged on the outside of the individual wheel.
  • This synchronous motor is designed such that the stator is rigidly connected to a fixed axle of the single wheel, while the rotor located on the outside is connected to the single wheel by means of screws and is rotatably mounted on the axle.
  • a transverse axis can, however, be dispensed with, so that the vehicle floor can be lowered between two wheels or between the rails.
  • Driving two wheels at the same time by a single motor is disadvantageous not possible. In order to get enough traction, a separate motor must be provided for each wheel to be driven.
  • EP-Al-413337 and EP-Al-463168 describe comparable solutions with comparable advantages and disadvantages.
  • the motors used have a small construction volume, but also a low drive power.
  • the problem of engine cooling is not optimally solved in such known solutions.
  • a low-floor tram recently launched to the public under the name ULF by a consortium with the participation of the applicant uses an electric drive motor, the drive axis of which is arranged approximately perpendicular to the rails in the region of the wheel to be driven, being connected to the respective wheel via a transmission are.
  • the engine output can be increased accordingly and the cooling - e.g. Water cooling - is made easier.
  • the vertically mounted motor requires corresponding space with the transmission, which is removed from the clear passage width of the vehicle interior.
  • this structure places the focus relatively high.
  • COBRA (trade mark)
  • motors extending in the direction of travel of the vehicle are provided, which drive a transmission, which is rigidly coupled to one wheel, via a transmission in the motor and one cardan shaft each.
  • This structure which is very complex in itself, is maintenance-intensive with regard to the cardan drives and complex and wide with regard to the gears, so that even with this structure there is no optimally wide interior passage light.
  • no bogie with four wheels can be used with this relatively bulky structure, which means that its advantages, such as reducing impact on the vehicle body on uneven rails or the like. do not come into effect.
  • the object of the invention is to create an electrically operated vehicle with a high drive power per engine, in which the clear passage width inside the vehicle is affected as little as possible by the engines, the center of gravity is correspondingly low and the known advantages of Bogie should find application.
  • the invention is intended to enable two wheels per motor to be driven simultaneously. The disadvantages mentioned should be avoided as far as possible.
  • the object is achieved for the first time by the application of the features of claim 1, wherein on at least one four-wheel bogie, on which at least one wheel can be driven by an electric motor via a drive shaft and preferably a transmission, the motor with the drive shaft in the direction of travel and in the area between two wheels of the bogie arranged one behind the other, however, is arranged essentially laterally on the same and is rigidly connected to the transmission, while the transmission is connected to this wheel via an elastic coupling.
  • the known advantage of bogies is retained, the bogie of course preferably being designed so that it is located lower in the area of the vehicle floor than, for example, in the area of the bearing of the wheels.
  • a single-wheel bogie additionally has the advantage over the frequently practiced portal frame design that the wheels have good guidance in the bogie frame and that the running stability is stable.
  • the noise development is reduced, as is the wear on the wheel rim, and the cornering position is improved, and if necessary the bogie can also be formed in a plane approximately perpendicular to the direction of travel relative to the vehicle body.
  • the invention also creates the possibility of having two wheels driven by one motor at the same time without having to resort to expensive gear or cardan solutions, for example if at least two drivable wheels located one behind the other are used simultaneously with one continuous motor shaft as the drive shaft of a single motor via a gear in drive connection.
  • a motor drives two wheels lying next to each other without an differential effect via an axle
  • the motor is now at a location where it has other devices, such as Door mechanisms etc. do not bother. Nevertheless, it can be optimally cooled (e.g. water cooling), which increases its power density.
  • a bevel (tooth) wheel gear is recommended (each), whereby, as mentioned, it is elastically coupled according to the invention in relation to the (respective) wheel.
  • This coupling reduces engine and transmission loads and on the other hand saves the use of cardanic connections, for which there would be no space on a bogie due to the relatively short wheelbase.
  • the smoothness and noise minimization is further improved if the clutch between the gearbox and the associated wheel is vibration-damped, so that jerky torques are transmitted from the engine or from the wheel with reduced jerking and damping, and / or that mass vibrations of the drive part (engine and gearbox) are reduced be transferred to the wheel.
  • Variants are also within the scope of the invention in which the transmission is drivingly connected to an axle or to an axle stub via the coupling, provided that at least one wheel is rigidly connected to this axle or to this axle stub.
  • two parallel wheels of the bogie are connected by means of a — preferably rigid — axle, which may also form part of the bogie frame.
  • a — preferably rigid — axle which may also form part of the bogie frame.
  • Axles preferably designed as portal axes cranked downwards.
  • the construction according to the invention permits an advantageous further development, according to which at least one braking device is arranged between the motor and (one) the driven wheel, which acts directly or indirectly on the drive shaft in the braking state. It can e.g. around a shoe brake, disc brake or the like. act. Due to their good effectiveness at high speeds (engine speed), they can be built particularly small, light and cheap. Their use between the gearbox and the motor allows a maximum of integrated compact construction.
  • the brake is there in a place that is well ventilated and cooled.
  • mechanical brakes are also possible directly on the wheel or on a brake disc running parallel to the wheel and connected to it.
  • a comfortable wheelbase with low wear (wear) during cornering results in a distance between the axes of rotation of the wheels behind each other of approx. 180 to 200 cm.
  • a compact rail vehicle is obtained if two bogies, preferably each with four wheels, are provided, the structure of the rail vehicle between the two bogies having at least one joint for improved cornering.
  • the structure of the rail vehicle has at least two joints between two bogies, between which a vehicle section is supported on rails by possibly non-driven wheels, the transport performance can be increased economically.
  • all wheels are driven, if necessary individually.
  • a preferred embodiment results in all driven wheels or the associated motors being monitored and controlled for slip or torque, so that optimum traction is achieved across the entire electric vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic structure of a bogie according to the invention for a rail vehicle with an electric drive in plan view; 2 shows a side view of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a rail vehicle with joints in the body; 4 shows a variant of the structure according to FIG. 3.
  • the invention includes variants with motors on each side of an electric vehicle or variants with motors only on one side of the vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 The principle of a preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1: on a bogie 7 provided according to the invention, which more or is less rotatably connected to the vehicle body, 15 ac motors 3a, b are laterally attached via elastic silent blocks. They each drive two gears 2a, b and 2c, d via a gear 5a, b and 5c, d.
  • the motor or drive shaft 4a, 4b of the motors 3a, 3b are designed to protrude on both sides.
  • the drive shafts also each carry a symbolically indicated braking device 9a, 9b, e.g. a disc brake.
  • the gears 5a-d are connected to the wheels 2a-d via symbolically indicated elastic couplings 8a-d in order to absorb both three-dimensional vibrations and torque fluctuations.
  • a rail vehicle 10a, b according to FIGS. 3, 4 has three vehicle sections 12a-c, 12d-f, which are connected to one another via joints 1 la, b or 1 lc, d.
  • the joints serve the curve suitability of the rail vehicles 10a, b.
  • the sections 12b and 12e are supported as needed via non-driven wheels 2e, f and 2d, h above the rails 13. But it could also be individually driven wheels.
  • the top edge of the vehicle floor is e.g. at 30cm above the rail level.
  • a gear coupling (17) can be provided for coupling the motor (3) to the transmission (5).
  • pivot bearing device for connecting the bogie to the frame or body of the vehicle

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric vehicle, especially an electrically powered rail vehicle (10), i.e. a low-platform tramcar, with at least one drivable wheel (2) of a bogie (7) fitted about a spindle (1) and an electric motor (3) in the region of said wheel (2) arranged in such a way that its rigid drive shaft (4) extends approximately parallel to the direction of travel. The drive shaft (4) is connected to the wheel (2) via a transmission (5) and an elastic coupling (8). This construction permits a high motor output with a low centre of gravity of the vehicle and reduced narrowing of the passage clearance inside the vehicle.

Description

ELEKTROFAHRZEUG, INSBESONDERE ELEKTRISCH ELECTRIC VEHICLE, ESPECIALLY ELECTRICAL
ANGETRIEBENES SCHIENENFAHRZEUG,POWERED RAIL VEHICLE,
ZUM BEISPIEL NIEDERFLURSTRASSENBAHNFor example, low-floor tram
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Elektrofahrzeug, insbesondere ein elektrisch angetriebenes Schienenfahrzeug, zum Beispiel eine Niederflurstrassenbahn.The invention relates to an electric vehicle, in particular an electrically driven rail vehicle, for example a low-floor tram.
Für den Antrieb von Elektrofahrzeugen - in der Regel wenigstens ein, ein Drehmoment erzeugender Elektromotor, der direkt oder indirekt mit wenigstens einem Rad oder einer Drehachse verbunden ist - sind bisher verschiedene Anbrin¬ gungsorte bekannt, die Vorteile, jedoch auch Nachteile mit sich bringen.For the drive of electric vehicles - as a rule at least one electric motor generating a torque, which is connected directly or indirectly to at least one wheel or an axis of rotation - various mounting locations have been known so far which have advantages but also disadvantages.
Die DE-A 1-3144999 beschreibt beispielsweise einen solchen Antrieb für Schienenfahrzeuge: Ein an einem Drehgestell befestigter Elektromotor treibt über ein Getriebe eine durchgehende Quer- Achse, an deren Enden je ein Rad befestigt ist. Demzufolge sind für zwei angetriebene Räder nur ein Motor nötig, der allerdings nachteiligerweise zwischen den Rädern unter dem Fahrzeugboden des Schienenfahrzeuges liegt. Sowohl die Quer- Achse, als auch der Motor erfordern derart einen relativ hohen Mindestabstand des Fahrzeugbodens von den Schienen.DE-A 1-3144999, for example, describes such a drive for rail vehicles: an electric motor attached to a bogie drives a continuous transverse axis via a transmission, at the ends of which a wheel is attached. Accordingly, only one motor is required for two driven wheels, which, however, disadvantageously lies between the wheels under the vehicle floor of the rail vehicle. Both the transverse axis and the motor thus require a relatively high minimum distance between the vehicle floor and the rails.
Im Zuge der Bestrebungen, den Fahrzeugboden tiefer zu legen, wurden demgegenüber Antriebe geschaffen, die jeweils nur einem einzelgelagerten Rad zugeordnet waren. Daraus ergab sich nachteiligerweise ein erhöhter Bedarf an Motoren und ein hoher Bedarf an elektronischen Steuerungen für dieselben, da deren Antriebsleistung aufeinander abgestimmt sein mußte.In the course of efforts to lower the vehicle floor, on the other hand, drives were created, which were each assigned to a single-mounted wheel. This disadvantageously resulted in an increased need for motors and a high demand for electronic controls for the same, since their drive power had to be coordinated with one another.
Aus der EP-A2 -464929 ist ein Antrieb eines Schienenfahrzeuges ersichtlich, bei dem ein Einzelrad mittels einem Synchronmotor, welcher an der Aussenseite des Einzelrades angeordnet ist, angetrieben wird. Dieser Synchronmotor ist so aus¬ gebildet, dass der Stator mit einer feststehenden Achse des Einzelrades starr verbunden ist, während der aussen liegende Rotor mit dem Einzelrad mittels Schrauben verbunden und mit diesem auf der Achse drehbar gelagert ist. Eine Quer- Achse kann dadurch jedoch entfallen, so dass der Fahrzeugboden zwischen zwei Rädern bzw. zwischen den Schienen abgesenkt werden kann. Ein Antrieb von gleichzeitig zwei Rädern durch einen einzigen Motor ist dabei nachteiligerweise nicht möglich. Um genügend Traktion zu bekommen, muss derart für jedes anzutreibende Rad ein eigener Motor vorgesehen werden.EP-A2 -464929 shows a drive of a rail vehicle in which an individual wheel is driven by means of a synchronous motor which is arranged on the outside of the individual wheel. This synchronous motor is designed such that the stator is rigidly connected to a fixed axle of the single wheel, while the rotor located on the outside is connected to the single wheel by means of screws and is rotatably mounted on the axle. A transverse axis can, however, be dispensed with, so that the vehicle floor can be lowered between two wheels or between the rails. Driving two wheels at the same time by a single motor is disadvantageous not possible. In order to get enough traction, a separate motor must be provided for each wheel to be driven.
Die EP-Al-413337 und die EP-Al-463168 beschreiben vergleichbare Lösungen mit vergleichbaren Vor- und Nachteilen. Zu den erwähnten Nachteilen tritt hinzu, dass die verwendeten Motore zwar ein geringes Bauvolumen, dafür jedoch aber auch eine geringe Antriebsleistung mit sich bringen. Ebenso ist das Problem der Motorkühlung bei solchen bekannten Lösungen nicht optimal gelöst.EP-Al-413337 and EP-Al-463168 describe comparable solutions with comparable advantages and disadvantages. In addition to the disadvantages mentioned, the motors used have a small construction volume, but also a low drive power. Likewise, the problem of engine cooling is not optimally solved in such known solutions.
Demgegenüber verwendet eine unter dem Namen ULF von einem Konsortium unter Beteiligung der Anmelderin jüngst der Öffentlichkeit vorgestellte Niederflur- Strassenbahn einen elektrischen Antriebsmotor, dessen Antriebsachse etwa senkrecht zu den Schienen im Bereich des anzutreibenden Rades angeordnet ist, wobei sie über ein Getriebe mit dem jeweiligen Rad verbunden sind. Die Motorleistung kann dementsprechend gesteigert werden und die Kühlung- z.B. Wasserkühlung - wird erleichtert. Allerdings tritt bei diesem an sich guten Aufbau zu der bekannten Problematik des Einzelradantriebes ein Nachteil hinzu: Der senkrecht montierte Motor benötigt mit dem Getriebe entsprechenden Platz, der von der lichten Durchgangsweite des Fahrzeuginnenraumes weggenommen wird. Ausserdem lagert dieser Aufbau den Schwerpunkt relativ hoch.In contrast, a low-floor tram recently launched to the public under the name ULF by a consortium with the participation of the applicant uses an electric drive motor, the drive axis of which is arranged approximately perpendicular to the rails in the region of the wheel to be driven, being connected to the respective wheel via a transmission are. The engine output can be increased accordingly and the cooling - e.g. Water cooling - is made easier. However, with this construction, which is good per se, there is a disadvantage to the known problem of the independent wheel drive: the vertically mounted motor requires corresponding space with the transmission, which is removed from the clear passage width of the vehicle interior. In addition, this structure places the focus relatively high.
Ein weiteres bekanntes Fahrzeug mit der Bezeichnung COBRA (Handelsmarke) ist bekannt, bei dem in Fahrtrichtung des Fahrzeuges erstreckte Motore vorgesehen sind, die über ein Getriebe beim Motor und je eine Kardanwellen je ein Getriebe, das mit je einem Rad starr gekoppelt ist, antreiben. Dieser an sich sehr aufwendige Aufbau ist hinsichtlich der Kardanantriebe wartungsintensiv und hinsichtlich der Getriebe aufwendig und breit, so dass auch bei diesem Aufbau keine optimal breite Innenraumdurchgangslichte ergibt. Ausserdem kann bei diesem relativ sperrigen Aufbau kein Drehgestell mit vier Rädern eingesetzt werden, wodurch dessen Vor- teile, wie Schlagreduktion auf den Fahrzeugaufbau bei unebenen Schienen o.dgl. nicht zum Wirken kommen.Another known vehicle with the designation COBRA (trade mark) is known, in which motors extending in the direction of travel of the vehicle are provided, which drive a transmission, which is rigidly coupled to one wheel, via a transmission in the motor and one cardan shaft each. This structure, which is very complex in itself, is maintenance-intensive with regard to the cardan drives and complex and wide with regard to the gears, so that even with this structure there is no optimally wide interior passage light. In addition, no bogie with four wheels can be used with this relatively bulky structure, which means that its advantages, such as reducing impact on the vehicle body on uneven rails or the like. do not come into effect.
Demgegenüber liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein elektrisch betriebenes Fahrzeug mit hoher Antriebsleistung pro Motor zu schaffen, bei dem die lichte Durchgangsweite im Fahrzeuginneren durch die Motore möglichst wenig beeinträch¬ tigt ist, der Schwerpunkt entsprechend tief liegt und die bekannten Vorteile eines Drehgestells Anwendung finden sollen. In einem weiteren Erfindungsschritt soll durch die Erfindung ermöglicht werden, gleichzeitig zwei Räd2er pro Motor anzu¬ treiben. Die erwähnten Nachteile sollen dabei weitestgehend vermieden werden.In contrast, the object of the invention is to create an electrically operated vehicle with a high drive power per engine, in which the clear passage width inside the vehicle is affected as little as possible by the engines, the center of gravity is correspondingly low and the known advantages of Bogie should find application. In a further step of the invention, the invention is intended to enable two wheels per motor to be driven simultaneously. The disadvantages mentioned should be avoided as far as possible.
Gelöst wird die Aufgabe erstmals durch die Anwendung der Merkmale des Anspruches 1, wobei an wenigstens einem vierrädrigem Drehgestell, an dem wenigstens ein Rad von einem Elektromotor über eine Antriebswelle und vorzugsweise einem Getriebe antreibbar ist, wobei der Motor mit der Antriebswelle in Fahrtrichtung und im Bereich zwischen zwei hintereinander angeordneten Rädern des Drehgestells jedoch im wesentlichen seitlich desselben angeordnet ist und mit dem Getriebe starr verbunden ist, während das Getriebe mit diesem Rad über eine elastische Kupplung verbunden ist.The object is achieved for the first time by the application of the features of claim 1, wherein on at least one four-wheel bogie, on which at least one wheel can be driven by an electric motor via a drive shaft and preferably a transmission, the motor with the drive shaft in the direction of travel and in the area between two wheels of the bogie arranged one behind the other, however, is arranged essentially laterally on the same and is rigidly connected to the transmission, while the transmission is connected to this wheel via an elastic coupling.
Der Nachteil von Durchgangslichtenbeschränkungen im Innenraum des Fahrzeuges wird dadurch ebenso vermieden wie die Höhersetzung des Fahrzeugschwerpunktes durch das vertikale Anordnen von antriebsstarken Motoren. Die geringste Behinde¬ rung der inneren Fahrzeuginnendurchgangslichte bei vorgegebener Spurweite ergibt sich daraus gegenüber herkömmlichen Systemen.The disadvantage of passage light restrictions in the interior of the vehicle is thereby avoided, as is the raising of the vehicle's center of gravity by the vertical arrangement of powerful engines. This results in the least obstruction of the inner vehicle interior passage lights for a given track width compared to conventional systems.
Der an sich bekannte Vorteil von Drehgestellen wird aber im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Lösungen beibehalten, wobei das Drehgestell vom Aufbau natürlich bevorzugt so gehalten ist, dass es im Bereich des Fahrzeugbodens tiefer gelegt ist, als beispielsweise im Bereich der Lagerung der Räder.In contrast to conventional solutions, the known advantage of bogies is retained, the bogie of course preferably being designed so that it is located lower in the area of the vehicle floor than, for example, in the area of the bearing of the wheels.
Die Anwendung eines erfmdungsgemässen Einzelrad-Drehgestells bringt zusätzlich gegenüber der häufig praktizierten Portalrahmenausführung den Vorteil, dass die Räder eine gute Führung im Drehgestellrahmen haben und sich eine stabile Laufruhe ergibt. Die Geräuschentwicklung ist dabei ebenso wie der Radkranzverschleiss reduziert und die Kurvenlage verbessert, wobei bei Bedarf das Drehgestell gegenüber dem Fahrzeugaufbau auch in einer Ebene etwa senkrecht zur Fahrtrichtung ausge¬ bildet sein kann.The use of a single-wheel bogie according to the invention additionally has the advantage over the frequently practiced portal frame design that the wheels have good guidance in the bogie frame and that the running stability is stable. The noise development is reduced, as is the wear on the wheel rim, and the cornering position is improved, and if necessary the bogie can also be formed in a plane approximately perpendicular to the direction of travel relative to the vehicle body.
Durch die Erfindung wird darüber hinaus wieder die Möglichkeit geschaffen, zwei Räder gleichzeitig von einem Motor antreiben zu lassen, ohne auf aufwendige Getriebe- oder Kardanlösungen zurückgreifen zu müssen, etwa wenn wenigstens zwei hintereinander liegende, antreibbare Räder gleichzeitig mit einer durchgehenden Motorwelle als Antriebswelle eines einzigen Motors über je ein Getriebe in Triebverbindung stehen. Im Gegensatz zu bekannten Antrieben, wo ein Motor ohne Differentialwirkung über eine Achse zwei, allerdings nebeneinander liegende Räder antrieb, bedeutet dies bei gleich guter Gesamttraktion gegenüber dem Gleiskörper eine wesentlich niedrigere Drehzahldifferenz bei Kurvenfahrten, zumal die Drehzahl zweier an einem Drehgestell hintereinander laufenden Räder in der Regel etwa gleich ist.The invention also creates the possibility of having two wheels driven by one motor at the same time without having to resort to expensive gear or cardan solutions, for example if at least two drivable wheels located one behind the other are used simultaneously with one continuous motor shaft as the drive shaft of a single motor via a gear in drive connection. In contrast to known drives, where a motor drives two wheels lying next to each other without an differential effect via an axle, this means a significantly lower speed difference when cornering with the same good overall traction compared to the track body, especially since the speed of two wheels running one behind the other on a bogie in the Is usually about the same.
Ausserdem ist der Motor erfindungsgemäss nun an einem Ort, an dem er andere Einrichtungen, wie z.B. Türmechaniken etc. nicht stört. Trotzdem kann er optimal gekühlt (z.B. Wasserkühlung) werden, was seine Leistungsdichte erhöht.In addition, according to the invention, the motor is now at a location where it has other devices, such as Door mechanisms etc. do not bother. Nevertheless, it can be optimally cooled (e.g. water cooling), which increases its power density.
Als Getriebe empfiehlt sich (je) ein Kegel(zahn)radgetriebe, wobei dieses wie erwähnt gegenüber dem (jeweiligen) Rad erfindungsgemäss elastisch angekuppelt ist. Diese Kupplung reduziert Motor- und Getriebebelastungen und erspart andererseits die Verwendung von kardanischen Verbindungen, für die auf einem Drehgestell infolge des relativ kurzen Radstandes kein Platz wäre. Die Laufruhe und Geräuschminimierung wird darüberhinaus weiter verbessert, wenn die Kupplung zwischen dem Getriebe und dem zugehörigen Rad schwingungsgedämpft ist, so dass ruckartige Drehmomente vom Motor oder vom Rad ruckreduziert und gedämpft übertragen werden, und/oder dass Massenschwingungen des Antriebsteiles (Motor und Getriebe) reduziert auf das Rad übertragen werden.A bevel (tooth) wheel gear is recommended (each), whereby, as mentioned, it is elastically coupled according to the invention in relation to the (respective) wheel. This coupling reduces engine and transmission loads and on the other hand saves the use of cardanic connections, for which there would be no space on a bogie due to the relatively short wheelbase. The smoothness and noise minimization is further improved if the clutch between the gearbox and the associated wheel is vibration-damped, so that jerky torques are transmitted from the engine or from the wheel with reduced jerking and damping, and / or that mass vibrations of the drive part (engine and gearbox) are reduced be transferred to the wheel.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung liegen auch Varianten, bei denen das Getriebe mit einer Achse oder mit einem Achsstummel über die Kupplung treibend verbunden ist, sofern wenigstens ein Rad mit dieser Achse bzw. mit diesem Achsstummel starr verbunden ist.Variants are also within the scope of the invention in which the transmission is drivingly connected to an axle or to an axle stub via the coupling, provided that at least one wheel is rigidly connected to this axle or to this axle stub.
Im Falle von zwei durch einen Motor angetriebenen Rädern mit je einem Getriebe sind diese untereinander über die als Antriebswelle ausgebildete Motorwelle drehstarr verbunden.In the case of two wheels driven by a motor, each with a transmission, these are connected to one another in a rotationally rigid manner via the motor shaft designed as a drive shaft.
Gemäß einer erfindungsgemäss möglichen Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind zwei parallellaufende Räder des Drehgestells mittels einer - bevorzugt starren - Achse verbunden, die u.U. auch einen Teil des Drehgestellrahmens bilden kann. Um durch eine solche Achse nicht wieder an Fahrzeugfussbodenhöhe zuzunehmen, sind solche Achsen bevorzugt als nach unten gekröpfte Portalachsen ausgeführt. Im Rahmen der Erfindung liegen dabei auch Aufbauten mit einer Drehmomentübertragung über solche Achsen bzw. über in den Achsen liegenden Wellen zwischen zwei parallellaufenden Rädern.According to a further development of the invention that is possible according to the invention, two parallel wheels of the bogie are connected by means of a — preferably rigid — axle, which may also form part of the bogie frame. In order not to increase the vehicle floor height again through such an axle, such are Axles preferably designed as portal axes cranked downwards. Within the scope of the invention there are also structures with a torque transmission via such axles or via axles located between two parallel running wheels.
Die bevorzugt elastische Anbringung des Motors am Drehgestell reduziert im Verband mit den elastischen Kupplungen zwischen Getriebe und Rad unerwünschte Krafteinwirkungen zwischen diesen Bauteilen.The preferred elastic attachment of the motor to the bogie, in combination with the elastic couplings between the gear and the wheel, reduces undesirable force effects between these components.
Der erfindungsgemäße Aufbau erlaubt eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung, nach der zwischen dem Motor und (einem) dem angetriebenen Rad wenigstens eine Bremseinrichtung angeordnet ist, die im Bremszustand unmittelbar oder mittelbar auf die Antriebswelle wirkt. Es kann sich dabei z.B. um eine Backenbremse, Scheibenbremse o.dgl. handeln. Durch deren guter Wirksamkeit bei hohen Drehzahlen (Motordrehzahl) kann sie besonders klein, leicht und billig bauen. Ihr Einsatz zwischen Getriebe und Motor erlaubt ein Maximum an integrierter kompak¬ ter Bauweise. Ausserdem ist die Bremse dort an einem gut zu belüftenden und zu kühlenden Ort. Selbstverständlich sind alternativ oder zusätzlich auch mechanische Bremsen direkt am Rad oder auf einer parallel zum Rad laufenden und mit diesem verbundenen Bremsscheibe möglich.The construction according to the invention permits an advantageous further development, according to which at least one braking device is arranged between the motor and (one) the driven wheel, which acts directly or indirectly on the drive shaft in the braking state. It can e.g. around a shoe brake, disc brake or the like. act. Due to their good effectiveness at high speeds (engine speed), they can be built particularly small, light and cheap. Their use between the gearbox and the motor allows a maximum of integrated compact construction. In addition, the brake is there in a place that is well ventilated and cooled. Of course, as an alternative or in addition, mechanical brakes are also possible directly on the wheel or on a brake disc running parallel to the wheel and connected to it.
Eine komfortabler Radstand bei geringer Beanspruchung (Verschleiss) während Kurvenfahrten ergibt sich bei einem Abstand zwischen den Drehachsen der hintereinander liegenden Räder von ca. 180 bis 200 cm.A comfortable wheelbase with low wear (wear) during cornering results in a distance between the axes of rotation of the wheels behind each other of approx. 180 to 200 cm.
Ein kompaktes Schienenfahrzeug ergibt sich, wenn zwei Drehgestelle mit vorzugsweise je vier Rädem vorgesehen sind, wobei der Aufbau des Schienenfahrzeugs zwischen den beiden Drehgestellen wenigstens ein Gelenk für verbessertes Kurvenfahren aufweist.A compact rail vehicle is obtained if two bogies, preferably each with four wheels, are provided, the structure of the rail vehicle between the two bogies having at least one joint for improved cornering.
Wenn bei einem mehrteiligen Schienenfahrzeug der Aufbau des Schienenfahrzeuges zwischen zwei Drehgestellen wenigstens zwei Gelenke aufweist, zwischen denen ein Fahrzeugabschnitt über gegebenenfalls nicht angetriebene Räder auf Schienen ab¬ gestützt ist, so kann die Transportleistung ökonomisch gesteigert werden. Im Rahmen des Schutzbereiches der Patentansprüche liegen jedoch auch Varianten, bei denen alle Räder - gegebenenfalls einzeln - angetrieben sind. Eine bevorzugte Ausbildung ergibt dabei, dass alle angetriebenen Räder bzw. die zugehörigen Motore schlupf- bzw. drehmomentüberwacht und -gesteuert werden, so dass eine optimale Traktion über das gesamte Elektrofahrzeug erreicht wird.If, in a multi-part rail vehicle, the structure of the rail vehicle has at least two joints between two bogies, between which a vehicle section is supported on rails by possibly non-driven wheels, the transport performance can be increased economically. Within the scope of the patent claims, however, there are also variants in which all wheels are driven, if necessary individually. A preferred embodiment results in all driven wheels or the associated motors being monitored and controlled for slip or torque, so that optimum traction is achieved across the entire electric vehicle.
Die Vorteile, die sich durch die Erfindung ergeben, werden im folgenden insbesondere auf Niederflur-Schienenfahrzeuge abgestellt, jedoch sind dem Fachmann nach Kenntnis dieser Anmeldung eine Vielzahl andere bzw. zusätzliche Vorteile für andere Elektrofahrzeuge klar, so dass die erfinderischen Effekte nicht nur auf Niederflur-Schienenfahrzeug beschränkt sind. Der Schutzumfang der Patentansprüche umfasst somit auch alle jene Fahrzeuge.The advantages which result from the invention are set out in the following in particular on low-floor rail vehicles, however a number of other or additional advantages for other electric vehicles are clear to the person skilled in the art after knowledge of this application, so that the inventive effects not only on low-floor vehicles. Rail vehicle are limited. The scope of protection of the claims therefore also includes all those vehicles.
Weitere Details und Ausführungen der Erfindung sowie Varianten dazu ergeben sich aus den Patentansprüchen und der Zeichnung. Die dort dargestellten Figuren zeigen beispielhaft:Further details and designs of the invention, as well as variants, result from the patent claims and the drawing. The figures shown there show examples:
Fig.1 einen Prinzipaufbau eines erfmdungsgemässen Drehgestelles für ein Schienenfahrzeug mit Elektroantrieb in Draufsicht; Fig.2 eine Seitenansicht zu Fig.1 ;1 shows a basic structure of a bogie according to the invention for a rail vehicle with an electric drive in plan view; 2 shows a side view of FIG. 1;
Fig.3 ein Schienenfahrzeug mit Gelenken im Aufbau; Fig.4 eine Variante zum Aufbau nach Fig.3.3 shows a rail vehicle with joints in the body; 4 shows a variant of the structure according to FIG. 3.
Die Figuren werden zusammenhängend und übergreifend beschrieben. Gleiche Bezugszeichen bedeuten gleiche Bauteile. Gleiche Bezugszeichen mit unter¬ schiedlichen Indizes bedeuten ähnliche bzw. funktionsähnliche Bauteile. Die Erfindung ist auf die dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele nicht eingeschränkt. Vor allem andere, nicht schienengebundene Elektrofahrzeuge und Kombination von erfmdungsgemässen Antrieben mit herkömmlichen Antrieben sind mitumfaßt.The figures are described coherently and comprehensively. The same reference symbols mean the same components. The same reference numerals with different indices mean similar or functionally similar components. The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments shown. Above all, other non-rail-bound electric vehicles and a combination of drives according to the invention with conventional drives are included.
Die Erfindung beinhaltet Varianten mit Motoren auf jeder Seite eines Elektrofahrzeuges oder auch Varianten mit Motoren nur auf einer Seite des Fahrzeuges.The invention includes variants with motors on each side of an electric vehicle or variants with motors only on one side of the vehicle.
Das Prinzip einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird in Fig.1 verdeutlicht: An einem erfindungsgemäss vorgesehenen Drehgestell 7, das mehr oder weniger drehbar mit dem Fahrzeugaufbau verbunden ist, sind über elastische Silent- blöcke 15 a-c Motore 3a,b seitlich befestigt. Sie treiben über je ein Getriebe 5a,b und 5c,d je zwei Räder 2a,b und 2c,d an. Die Motor- bzw. Antriebswelle 4a,4b der Motore 3a,3b sind dazu beidseitig abstehend ausgebildet. Es liegt jedoch auch im Rahmen der Erfindung eine Variante mit einseitig oder beidseitig abragenden kurzen Wellenstücken mit einseitiger oder zweiseitiger Getriebeankupplung über eine Art Verzahnungskupplung o.dgl. Ebenso ist es denkbar, zwei Motore hinter einander vorzusehen, so dass eine scheinbar durchgehende Antriebswelle zwischen den Motoren getrennt ist.The principle of a preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1: on a bogie 7 provided according to the invention, which more or is less rotatably connected to the vehicle body, 15 ac motors 3a, b are laterally attached via elastic silent blocks. They each drive two gears 2a, b and 2c, d via a gear 5a, b and 5c, d. For this purpose, the motor or drive shaft 4a, 4b of the motors 3a, 3b are designed to protrude on both sides. However, it is also within the scope of the invention a variant with short shaft sections projecting on one or both sides with a one-sided or two-sided gear coupling via a type of gear coupling or the like. It is also conceivable to provide two motors in series, so that an apparently continuous drive shaft is separated between the motors.
Die Antriebswellen tragen ausserdem je eine symbolisch angedeutete Bremseinrichtung 9a, 9b, z.B. eine Scheibenbremse.The drive shafts also each carry a symbolically indicated braking device 9a, 9b, e.g. a disc brake.
Die Getriebe 5a-d sind mit den Rädern 2a-d über symbolisch angedeutete elastische Kupplungen 8a-d verbunden, um sowohl dreidimensionale Schwingungen als auch Drehmomentschwankungen abzufedern.The gears 5a-d are connected to the wheels 2a-d via symbolically indicated elastic couplings 8a-d in order to absorb both three-dimensional vibrations and torque fluctuations.
Ein Schienenfahrzeug 10a,b gemäss Fig.3 ,4 verfügt über drei Fahrzeugabschnitte 12a-c, 12d-f, die über Gelenke 1 la,b bzw. 1 lc,d untereinander verbunden sind. Die Gelenke dienen der Kurventauglichkeit der Schienenfahrzeuge 10a,b. Die Abschnitte 12b und 12e sind bedarfsweise über nicht angetriebene Räder 2e,f bzw. 2d,h über den Schienen 13 abgestützt. Es könnten aber auch einzel angetriebene Räder sein. Die Fahrzeugbodenoberkante liegt z.B. bei 30cm über Schienenniveau.A rail vehicle 10a, b according to FIGS. 3, 4 has three vehicle sections 12a-c, 12d-f, which are connected to one another via joints 1 la, b or 1 lc, d. The joints serve the curve suitability of the rail vehicles 10a, b. The sections 12b and 12e are supported as needed via non-driven wheels 2e, f and 2d, h above the rails 13. But it could also be individually driven wheels. The top edge of the vehicle floor is e.g. at 30cm above the rail level.
Bei Varianten, bei denen sich zwei Motore über die Fahrzeugmitte gegenüber liegen, werden diese - bevorzugt über eine Elektronik - so angesteuert, dass sich beim Kurvenfahren Differentialwerte bei den Antriebsmomenten bzw. Umfangsge¬ schwindigkeiten der Räder auf beiden Seiten ergeben. Weitere Varianten sind denkbar, bei denen z.B. Rutschkupplungen zwischen Motor und je einem Rad vorgesehen sind.In variants in which two motors are located opposite one another across the center of the vehicle, these are controlled — preferably via electronics — in such a way that when cornering, there are differential values for the drive torques or circumferential speeds of the wheels on both sides. Other variants are conceivable, e.g. Slip clutches are provided between the motor and one wheel each.
Weiters kann zur Ankopplung des Motors (3) an das Getriebe (5) eine Verzahnungskupplung (17) vorgesehen sein. BezugszeichenlisteFurthermore, a gear coupling (17) can be provided for coupling the motor (3) to the transmission (5). Reference list
1 a,b Drehachse1 a, b axis of rotation
2 a,b,c,d Räder 3 a-b Motore2 a, b, c, d wheels 3 a-b motors
4 a,b Motor- bzw. Antriebswelle4 a, b motor or drive shaft
5 a,b,c,d Getriebe5 a, b, c, d gearbox
6 Fahrtrichtung6 direction of travel
7 Drehgestell 8 a,b,c,d elastische Kupplung7 bogie 8 a, b, c, d elastic coupling
9 a,b Bremseinrichtung9 a, b braking device
10 a,b Schienenfahrzeug10 a, b rail vehicle
11 a,b,c,d Gelenke11 a, b, c, d joints
12 a,b,c,d,e,f Fahrzeugabschnitt (Aufbau) 13 Schienen12 a, b, c, d, e, f vehicle section (body) 13 rails
14 Drehlagervorrichtung zur Anbindung des Drehgestells an den Rahmen oder Aufbau des Fahrzeuges14 pivot bearing device for connecting the bogie to the frame or body of the vehicle
15 elastische Motorhalterungen15 elastic motor mounts
16 Fahrzeugtüren 17 Verzahnungskupplung 16 vehicle doors 17 gear coupling

Claims

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E PATENT CLAIMS
1. Elektrofahrzeug, insbesondere ein elektrisch angetriebenes Schienenfahrzeug (10), zum Beispiel eine Niederflurstrassenbahn mit wenigstens einem vierrädrigem1. Electric vehicle, in particular an electrically driven rail vehicle (10), for example a low-floor tram with at least one four-wheeled
Drehgestell (7), an dem wenigstens ein Rad (2) von einem Elektromotor (3) über eine Antriebswelle (4) und vorzugsweise einem Getriebe (5) antreibbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Motor (3) mit der Antriebswelle (4) in Fahrtrichtung und im Bereich zwischen zwei hintereinander angeordneten Rädern (2) des Drehgestells (7) jedoch im wesentlichen seitlich desselben angeordnet ist und mit dem Getriebe (5) starr verbunden ist, während das Getriebe mit diesem Rad (2) über eine elastische Kupplung (8) verbunden ist.Bogie (7) on which at least one wheel (2) can be driven by an electric motor (3) via a drive shaft (4) and preferably a transmission (5), characterized in that the motor (3) with the drive shaft (4) However, in the direction of travel and in the area between two wheels (2) of the bogie (7) arranged one behind the other, it is arranged essentially laterally and is rigidly connected to the gear (5), while the gear is connected to this wheel (2) via an elastic coupling ( 8) is connected.
2. Elektrofahrzeug, nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Motor (3) - vorzugsweise elastisch - am Drehgestell (7) gelagert bzw. befestigt ist.2. Electric vehicle, according to claim 1, characterized in that the motor (3) - preferably elastic - is mounted or attached to the bogie (7).
3. Elektrofahrzeug mit wenigstens zwei antreibbaren hintereinander angeordneten Rädern (2) des Drehgestells (7), nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Motorwelle des Antriebsmotors (3) die Antriebswelle (4) bildet und über je ein Getriebe (5) mit den beiden Rädern (2) in Triebverbindung steht.3. Electric vehicle with at least two drivable wheels (2) of the bogie (7) arranged one behind the other, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the motor shaft of the drive motor (3) forms the drive shaft (4) and each has a gear (5) is in drive connection with the two wheels (2).
4. Elektrofahrzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei parallel laufende Räder (2) des Drehgestells (7) mittels Achse, z. B. einer nach unten gekröpften Portalachse, verbunden ist.4. Electric vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two parallel wheels (2) of the bogie (7) by means of an axis, for. B. a cranked portal axis is connected.
5. Elektrofahrzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Getriebe (5) mit einer Achse oder mit einem Achsstummel über die Kupplung (8) treibend verbunden ist, wobei wenigstens ein Rad (2) mit der Achse starr verbunden ist.5. Electric vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmission (5) is drivingly connected to an axle or to an axle stub via the clutch (8), at least one wheel (2) being rigidly connected to the axle.
6. Elektrofahrzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen dem Motor (3) und dem Rad (2) wenigstens eine Bremseinrichtung (9) angeordnet ist, die im Bremszustand unmittelbar oder mittelbar auf die Antriebswelle (4) wirkt. 6. Electric vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one braking device (9) is arranged between the motor (3) and the wheel (2), which acts directly or indirectly on the drive shaft (4) in the braking state.
7. Elektrofahrzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstand zwischen den Drehachsen (la,b) der hintereinander angeordneten Räder (2a,b, 2c,d) ca. 180 bis 200 cm beträgt.7. Electric vehicle according to one of the preceding claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the distance between the axes of rotation (la, b) of the wheels (2a, b, 2c, d) arranged in series is approximately 180 to 200 cm.
8. Schienenfahrzeug (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 3 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei Drehgestelle (7) mit vorzugsweise je vier Rädern (2) vorgesehen sind, wobei der Aufbau des Schienenfahrzeugs (10) zwischen den beiden Drehgestellen (7) wenigstens ein Gelenk (11) aufweist.8. Rail vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims 3 to 7, characterized in that two bogies (7) are provided with preferably four wheels (2) each, the structure of the rail vehicle (10) between the two bogies (7) has at least one joint (11).
9. Schienenfahrzeug (10) nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der9. Rail vehicle (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that the
Aufbau des Schienenfahrzeuges (10) zwischen den beiden Drehgestellen (7) wenigstens zwei Gelenke (11) aufweist, zwischen denen ein Fahrzeugabschnitt (12) über gegebenenfalls nicht antreibbare Räder (2e, f; 2g, h) auf Schienen (13) abstützbar ist.Structure of the rail vehicle (10) between the two bogies (7) has at least two joints (11), between which a vehicle section (12) can be supported on rails (13) via possibly non-drivable wheels (2e, f; 2g, h).
10. Elektrofahrzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche mit mehreren Elektromotoren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektromotore (3) und/oder die davon antreibbaren Räder (2) schlupf- bzw. drehmomentüberwacht und über eine Steuerelektronik gesteuert sind.10. Electric vehicle according to one of the preceding claims with a plurality of electric motors, characterized in that the electric motors (3) and / or the wheels (2) which can be driven thereby are monitored by torque or slip and are controlled by control electronics.
11. Elektrofahrzeug nach einem der vorgehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Ankopplung von Motor (3) und Getriebe (5) eine Verzahnungskupplung (17) vorgesehen ist. 11. Electric vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a toothed coupling (17) is provided for coupling the motor (3) and transmission (5).
EP96905585A 1995-03-23 1996-03-21 Electric vehicle, especially an electrically powered rail vehicle, e.g. a low-platform tramcar Expired - Lifetime EP0814993B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT519/95 1995-03-23
AT0051995A AT406569B (en) 1995-03-23 1995-03-23 CHASSIS FOR A RAIL VEHICLE, IN PARTICULAR LOW-FLOOR TRAM
AT51995 1995-03-23
PCT/AT1996/000055 WO1996029224A1 (en) 1995-03-23 1996-03-21 Electric vehicle, especially an electrically powered rail vehicle, e.g. a low-platform tramcar

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0814993A1 true EP0814993A1 (en) 1998-01-07
EP0814993B1 EP0814993B1 (en) 2000-05-03

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EP (1) EP0814993B1 (en)
AT (2) AT406569B (en)
DE (1) DE59605134D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1996029224A1 (en)

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DE59605134D1 (en) 2000-06-08
ATA51995A (en) 1999-11-15
WO1996029224A1 (en) 1996-09-26
ATE192391T1 (en) 2000-05-15
AT406569B (en) 2000-06-26
EP0814993B1 (en) 2000-05-03

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