EP0813624B1 - Liefervorrichtung - Google Patents

Liefervorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0813624B1
EP0813624B1 EP96907400A EP96907400A EP0813624B1 EP 0813624 B1 EP0813624 B1 EP 0813624B1 EP 96907400 A EP96907400 A EP 96907400A EP 96907400 A EP96907400 A EP 96907400A EP 0813624 B1 EP0813624 B1 EP 0813624B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
storage drum
light guide
outlet
inlet
light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96907400A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0813624A1 (de
Inventor
Jerker Hellström
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Iro AB
Original Assignee
Iro AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Iro AB filed Critical Iro AB
Publication of EP0813624A1 publication Critical patent/EP0813624A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0813624B1 publication Critical patent/EP0813624B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D47/00—Looms in which bulk supply of weft does not pass through shed, e.g. shuttleless looms, gripper shuttle looms, dummy shuttle looms
    • D03D47/34—Handling the weft between bulk storage and weft-inserting means
    • D03D47/36—Measuring and cutting the weft
    • D03D47/361—Drum-type weft feeding devices
    • D03D47/367—Monitoring yarn quantity on the drum

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a delivery device in the preamble of claim 1 specified Art.
  • EP-B1-0 192 821 and EP-B1-0 192 851 provides the optoelectronic thread scanning device the number of turns in the supply or the location of the deduction-side supply limit to the take-up drive control the thread on as a rod cage (with stationary Rods and feed rods) trained storage drum (Stock sensor or reference sensor).
  • the light source arrangement, the receiver arrangement and that in a U-arm running light guides are in the same, for Longitudinal axis of the storage drum vertical plane, so that between Inlet and outlet the distance in the circumferential direction is present.
  • each light guide ensures that only what has entered the inlet Light emitted from the outlet to the receiver assembly becomes.
  • the inlet and outlet of each light guide are in two separate feed rods of the storage drum.
  • the A- and outlets lead with the feed rods while the winding drive is running their oscillating movements relative to the Light source and receiver arrangements. It also swings the storage drum is inevitable when the winding drive is running around the storage drum axis.
  • the inlet and the outlet of the same Optical fibers are simultaneously from a thread turn covered.
  • the light source arrangement must be in the same circumferential plane lie like the receiver arrangement. This complicates with the oscillating and oscillating movement of the input and a precise and meaningful evaluation of the Signal.
  • the scanner is inappropriately stressed a lot of space in the circumferential direction of the storage drum.
  • the invention has for its object a delivery device of the type mentioned at the beginning, under Maintaining the advantage of fiber optics meaningful and easily evaluable signals can be generated from the thread scanning are, and with the thread universally different from each other Movements can be scanned individually.
  • the position of the inlet is like this chosen that results from the very rapid movement of the thread No interference affecting the useful signal via the inlet results.
  • the position and / or movement the limit of the supply for example around to control the winding drive so that a certain size of the Supply is observed.
  • the first or the first thread turns in the Scanned stock on the take-up side to break a thread to be determined in the feed route to the stock. Will the end of the Exposed, then the take-up drive is switched off, set a fault signal, and if necessary the Textile machine supplied by the delivery device has stopped.
  • the thread is over the other, axially spaced round or square ends moved away, then this is done with a much weaker modulation, which clearly differ from the strong modulation when sweeping the line-shaped end is distinguishable.
  • the light guide expediently consists of several parallel ones Fibers in the linear end of the light guide Circumferential direction of the storage drum lie side by side, in the other end are bundled.
  • the light guide can be a flat film tape, e.g. made of plexiglass, one end of which is roughly circumferential the storage drum is arranged lying down while other end arranged approximately in the axial direction of the storage drum is, and axially spaced from one end.
  • the light guide can be a shaped body, e.g. made of plexiglass or the like, which is a flat ribbon-like End and has a round or square end, with each other via a light transmission body are connected, the flat band-like end in the circumferential direction the storage drum is aligned while the round or square end axially spaced therefrom. Either the flat ribbon-like end or the other end will used as an inlet for the light.
  • the passage of the already axially oriented thread when pulling out of the Scanned stock for example by the number of withdrawn Count turns and information for control to use the stock size mathematically and / or for a Measuring delivery device the stop device limiting the shot length to be operated and / or in the absence of continuity signals to indicate a fault and the take-up drive or to switch off a downstream textile machine (Weft guard).
  • the scanning device has several sensors based on different positions independently sense movements of the thread. In spite of Sampling different thread movements becomes a common one Light source arrangement used on the summarized Inlets of the light guide is aligned. The summarized Inlets are positioned so that they are continuous There is no significant disturbance for the useful signals generated. A common light source arrangement saves space and reduces energy consumption. It is possible at Signal evaluation the noise ratio (signal to interference ratio) to improve.
  • each inlet and each outlet in the same stationary rod of the storage drum is arranged, there is a reliable scanning behavior.
  • the accommodation of the light guide or light guides in the rod is structurally simple. It suffices, for example an optical fiber such as an optical fiber or an optical fiber insert into fitting holes in the rod, the ends through to secure a snug fit or by gluing, and protruding Cut end sections flush with the surface of the rod.
  • optical fiber cable is particularly expedient or an optical fiber made of glass or plexiglass.
  • the light guide can also consist of a prism or Mirror arrangement exist.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the inlet and the outlet can deliberately kept small, only about 1.0mm, so that Distinctive signals or one even with thin threads result in significant modulation. Even with linear and in Circumferential direction oriented end of the light guide can whose width is 1.0 mm or less, while the in Extent measured 10 mm or clear is more.
  • the sensor housing can be structurally and technically simple, slim and compact. Also with multiple sensors for the same storage drum becomes a short one Overall length achieved for the sensor housing.
  • the sampling behavior even under critical ambient or scattered light influences modulated light improved.
  • the modulation of light can done permanently. But it is also conceivable, only the light to modulate during certain operating phases, namely e.g. in the range of about 200 KHz.
  • the trigger sensor the additional task of a weft monitor assigned to the delivery device, which is usually one weft monitor provided downstream of the delivery device saves.
  • the circumferentially spaced Outlets fed from the common inlet with light are able to properly move the thread Detect on trigger and respond quickly to a Failure to respond to the delivery device and that of the delivery device with thread-fed textile machine, e.g. a loom to shut down.
  • a stationary storage drum T attached, which is an approximately cylindrical storage area 2 defined and a trigger area 3 on the end face owns.
  • a boom 4 of the housing 1 is among other things an optoelectronic scanning device A, and a so-called stock sensor R, its essential components in the boom 4 a light source arrangement L and a receiver arrangement E, and a light guide K with an inlet I and an outlet O in the storage drum T. Between the Inlet I and outlet O are a distance in the axial direction provided that the light guide K bridges.
  • the light guide K can use a fiber optic cable made of glass or plexiglass one or more fibers (monoblock or multi-part structure) or be a light-guiding film. But it is also conceivable to use a prism or mirror arrangement as light guide K.
  • the inlet and outlet O, I have one Diameter of approx. 1 mm each.
  • the light source arrangement L for example an LED for constant or modulated light (it can be in the light source arrangement also several light sources arranged close together be) with their light emission on the inlet I aligned so that emitted light 5 on the inlet I meets.
  • the outlet O or the light exit direction of the outlet O is aimed at the receiver arrangement E, so that light 6 transmitted by the light guide K onto the receiver arrangement E hits.
  • the receiver arrangement can be a photodiode or be a photo transistor. It is conceivable as a receiver arrangement also several closely grouped photodiodes to use.
  • the thread labeled Y becomes the delivery device F in Supplied in the direction of the arrow, passes through the winding element 7 and is by means of the winding drive in adjacent turns stored as stock S on storage area 2 (not shown in Fig.1).
  • the thread Y becomes the head of the stock Storage drum T and the trigger area 3 in the axial direction Subtracted depending on consumption (intermittent on a weaving machine with the web frequency).
  • the winding drive keeps the supply on the storage area 2 in a predetermined size (axial extension or number of turns).
  • the winding drive is used, e.g. With Help of the stock sensor R controlled so that it decreases the stock replenishes the stock when a predetermined one is reached Size is stopped, or at relatively regular intervals Changes in stock to a medium speed level sets.
  • the outlet O is at an axial position of the storage drum T arranged at which the withdrawal-side limit of the supply should lie.
  • the inlet I is downstream of the stock S and arranged closer to the trigger area 3 than the outlet O.
  • Der Outlet O becomes with axially advancing thread turns, e.g. covered by the foremost thread turn or at Thread consumption by subtracting the foremost turn again exposed.
  • the thread is diagonally forward from the supply detached, revolving around the trigger area 3. With deduction a thread turn the thread passes through the inlet I relatively quickly with a circumferential motion component, during the axial migration of the trigger side Limit of the stock takes place relatively slowly.
  • FIG. 2 there is a yarn break sensor (in the boom 4) B provided from the light source assembly L and the receiver arrangement E in the boom 4 and the light guide K with inlet I and outlet O on the surface of the Storage drum T exists.
  • Inlet I is essentially at the same position as in Fig. 1.
  • the outlet O however, is so close to the take-up element in the thread break sensor 7 that it is from the first or the first inlet side Thread turns can be covered in the supply.
  • the storage drum T is assigned a trigger sensor W, that of the light source arrangement L and the receiver arrangement E in the boom 4 and the light guide K with the inlet I and the outlet O in the storage drum T.
  • the inlet I is essentially in the same position as in Fig. 1.
  • the outlet O is closer in the axial direction arranged at the trigger area 3. The one withdrawn from the stock Thread quickly passes through inlet I and outlet O a circumferential movement component.
  • Fig. 4 it is indicated that the storage drum T more than a sensor is assigned, namely the supply or reference sensor R, the thread break sensor B and the take-off sensor W. Es only two of these sensors could also be provided.
  • This Scanning device contains a light source arrangement common to all sensors L and three receiver arrangements E1, E2 and E3. The light source arrangement L and the receiver arrangements are expediently lined up in the axial direction. From the common Inlet I, which is in substantially the same position is arranged as in Fig.
  • the storage drum T is a bar drum 8 formed and has stationary, in the circumferential direction spaced axial rods 9 and lying between them, axial rods 10 on.
  • the rods 10 may not have one feed drive shown are moved to the thread turns to separate and on the storage drum T to the trigger area 3 push forward.
  • the thread Y is from the winding element 7 in successive Windings T1 - Tn stored in the storage S on the storage drum T.
  • the first turn T1 is in the position of the Outlet O3 filed.
  • the foremost turn in the pull-off direction Tn approximately defines the limit of the stock S and is present the position of the outlet O2.
  • the common inlet I is located downstream of the supply S at an axial distance from the outlet O2.
  • the outlet O1 is in turn downstream of the common one Inlet I and closer to trigger area 3.
  • Fig. 5 it is indicated that the first winding T1 over moved the outlet O3.
  • the foremost turn Tn of the stock S gives the outlet O2 with an axial movement when used free.
  • the thread pulled out of stock S when used is gradually diverted from the turn Tn in the axial direction, until it runs over the trigger area 3. It happens he pulling the common inlet I and the outlet O1, with the inlet I and the outlet O1 with if necessary different movement components in circumferential directions sweeps over.
  • the trigger sensor W can have an additional function as a so-called Weft monitors are assigned to the proper ones Entry of a weft thread in the compartment of a weaving machine monitor and in the event of a malfunction the weaving machine and the Delivery device stops.
  • Weft monitors are assigned to the proper ones Entry of a weft thread in the compartment of a weaving machine monitor and in the event of a malfunction the weaving machine and the Delivery device stops.
  • FIG. 5 not only the one leading to the outlet O1 at the common inlet Light guide K1 connected, but more light guides K1 ', which are offset in the circumferential direction with respect to the outlet O1 Guide outlets O1 '. Accordingly, there are many more Associated receiver arrangements (not shown). When deducting of the thread are thus several signals for each turn generated because the thread successively the outlets O1 and O1 'happens.
  • the trigger sensor W1 is not only in this case connected to the control device of the winding drive, but also or possibly only with a shutdown device for the Loom X to switch off the loom immediately in the event of a malfunction.
  • Both the trigger sensor W and the weft monitor W1 can have multiple outlets in a special geometric Configuration (axially and circumferentially spaced) be used to, (e.g. with a time-related signal evaluation), to increase scanning reliability.
  • Fig. 5 also illustrates that the outlets O1, O2, O3 and common inlet I in one and the same stationary finger 9 are arranged axially approximately one behind the other. Minor Circumferential dislocations between the inlet and the outlets are possible due to the design.
  • the one in the housing 1 accommodated electric motor M controlled by a control device C, the signals of the scanning device A in Boom 4 processed.
  • the motor M drives a hollow main shaft 11, to which the winding element 7 (a hollow tube) is attached is that it is adjacent to storage area 2 of the storage drum T opens.
  • the storage drum T is on the Main shaft 1 rotatably supported and is in the motor housing and magnets P arranged in the storage drum on one Prevented rotation.
  • the storage drum T consists of a stationary rod cage 19 with fingers 9, which is in bearings 17th is mounted on the main shaft and from a rod cage 18 with (not shown in Fig. 6), feed fingers (10 in Fig. 5) which engage between the fingers 9.
  • This rod cage 18 is with an oblique and eccentric bushing 24 and bearings 16 mounted on the main shaft 11, such that it without rotation a wobble movement is imposed by the main shaft 11 (separating and pushing the turns forward).
  • the light guides K1, K2 and K3 from common inlet I to the outlets O1, O2 and O3 at the aforementioned Positions, in the form of curved loops.
  • a filling compound 20 is provided on the finger 9, into which the Light guides are embedded. But they can also be exposed be arranged. Furthermore, the outlets and the inlet be covered by a translucent layer 15.
  • a slim sensor housing 13 attached in which on a common board 12th the receiver arrangements E1, E2 and E3 and the light source arrangement L are arranged. If necessary, are in light passage openings Lenses or covers 14 attached.
  • the axial distance between the light source arrangement L and the Receiver arrangements E1, E2 and E3 are each smaller than that axial distance between the common inlet I and the outlets O1, O2 and O3.
  • the light exit directions close for this purpose of the outlets O3 and O1 in the section plane each with a radius on the axis of the storage drum T an acute angle.
  • the receiver arrangements E1 and E3 are accordingly inclined. Also the direction of light emission or light entry direction in the common inlet I closes with a radius through inlet I one Angle on.
  • the light source arrangement L is accordingly oblique posed. If the receiver assembly E1 in the sectional view 6 partially with the light source arrangement L. overlapped, it is located in the circumferential direction behind the Light source arrangement. The direction of light emission is corresponding from outlet O1 slightly from the cutting plane slanted at the back.
  • a trigger eyelet 21 is also arranged and with a carriage 22 held a thread brake 23 axially adjustable.
  • the supply S is from the Thread turns T1 to Tn can be seen, the thread Y from the left fed, and from which the thread is pulled to the right.
  • the light guides K1, K2, K3 connect the common inlet I with the outlets O1, O2, O3 of the sensors, which here is a thread break sensor B, a supply or reference sensor R and a trigger sensor W are.
  • E1, E2, E3 are pairs of photodiodes are provided, each via an electronic Link are linked in pairs on the output side.
  • the Light source arrangement only one LED is provided; but it would be it is also possible to combine several here. Herewith (Double arrangement of the photodiodes) can be a reliability carry out increasing differential measurement.
  • the light source arrangement or the common entry could be at another Location of the storage drum T may be arranged as shown, e.g. in the front or forehead area.
  • the light guides used in the previous embodiments have essentially point-shaped inlets and outlets I, O with a diameter of approx. 1.0 mm.
  • the a linear and in the circumferential direction of the storage drum D have much wider spread end 27 than the axially others spaced therefrom and in the circumferential direction of the storage drum much smaller end 28.
  • the linear end 27 is aligned approximately in the circumferential direction, i.e. parallel to the turns TN in the supply S of thread Y and is used by everyone Swept the winding across its longitudinal direction.
  • the width the end 27 need only be about 1mm or less while that measured in the circumferential direction in the direction of a main axis Z Length can be 10 mm or more.
  • This end 27 can either be used as inlet I on the light source assembly is aligned with their light outlet, or as outlet O, O3, O2, so that then the other end 28 as inlet I (the common inlet for all sensors) is used and aligned with the light source arrangement.
  • the light guide according to 8 can consist of several parallel light-conducting fibers 25 exist, which are bundled at the end 28 and a square or round, relatively small area on the surface of the storage drum Take T The axis of the storage drum T is in Fig. 8 indicated by dash-dotted lines.
  • the two ends 27, 28 are via a light transmission body 32 (either from the ends 27, 28 defining light-conducting fibers 25 or made of homogeneous light-guiding: material).
  • a light transmission body 32 either from the ends 27, 28 defining light-conducting fibers 25 or made of homogeneous light-guiding: material.
  • the light guide K, K2, K3 for or the reference or stock sensor R, B as a fitting to be made of plexiglass, if necessary as a flexible film, a material that has light-guiding properties (Total reflection, light-collecting plastic).
  • This light guide for the thread break sensor B or Storage or reference sensor R gives the advantage a strong modulation as soon as the thread runs across it Longitudinally sweeps across end 27 because that end completely covered very quickly and again very quickly is fully released. Thanks to this strong modulation the resulting signal can be distinguished very clearly from a signal which is passed when the other end is swept 28 arises, and which has a much weaker modulation.
  • the scanning range for the thread
  • the light guide indicated in FIG. 8 can also be used in a trigger sensor W can be used according to FIGS. 3 to 7.
  • the linear end 27 is in an area of the storage drum circumference placed in which the thread already withdrawn has left stock S and is already largely axial Has orientation to the trigger edge 3.
  • the linear end 27 is then approximately parallel to the orientation of the thread in the scanning area aligned to ensure the strong modulation.
  • the other end 28, which may serve as inlet I, is then axially spaced from end 27, e.g. closer to the stock S.
  • the light guide K, K2, K3 for the thread break sensor B or the reference or stock sensor R a twisted, optionally flexible film tape 29, which is a linear End 27 and also a linear other end 28 owns.
  • the linear end 27 is in the circumferential direction the storage drum represented by its dash-dotted axis T aligned while the other end 28 in axial Direction of the storage drum is aligned.
  • Each end 27 or 28 can optionally be used as an inlet or outlet.
  • the film tape 29 consists of several in parallel arranged fibers 25.
  • the ends 27, 28 are in the axial direction the storage drum spaced. It happens in the circumferential direction the thread lying parallel to it during its axial movement At the end of 27, there is a strong modulation.
  • the thread later leads the other end 28 this with the thread running in the circumferential direction or with the thread at an angle to the axis much weaker modulation, so that due to the different strong modulations the right signal without any problems can be derived.
  • the light guide is a prism or mirror arrangement, which is a longer in the circumferential direction Prism body 33 with a mirror on its oblique Page 35 and axially spaced from it a shorter prism body 34 with a likewise mirrored inclined surface 36 comprises.
  • the inlet I is, for example, on the top of the prism body 34.
  • the incoming light becomes axial Reflected towards the prism body 33 and deflected in this and directed outward at the receiver assembly.
  • the Thread turn Tn conveniently passes the outlet O in parallel to its longitudinal axis, so that there is a strong modulation.
  • Both prism bodies 33, 34 should be in one light transmission body be integrated, e.g. made of LISA plastic (Plastic with light-collecting properties and total internal reflection) can exist.
  • the end 27 of the light guide can be in the surface of the storage drum be rotatably arranged, e.g. in a rotatable Commitment. This could be the end 27 optionally in one of the turn the thread turns over the parallel turns. I.e. in the thread breakage or reference sensor B, R approximately in Circumferential direction of the storage drum T, with the thread take-off sensor R in the axial direction or at an angle, e.g. under 45 ° compared to the Axial direction. These rotations are possible thanks to the flexibility of the light guide.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Forwarding And Storing Of Filamentary Material (AREA)
  • Looms (AREA)
EP96907400A 1995-03-10 1996-03-08 Liefervorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0813624B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19508758 1995-03-10
DE19508758A DE19508758A1 (de) 1995-03-10 1995-03-10 Liefervorrichtung
PCT/EP1996/001006 WO1996028594A1 (de) 1995-03-10 1996-03-08 Liefervorrichtung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0813624A1 EP0813624A1 (de) 1997-12-29
EP0813624B1 true EP0813624B1 (de) 1999-07-14

Family

ID=7756374

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96907400A Expired - Lifetime EP0813624B1 (de) 1995-03-10 1996-03-08 Liefervorrichtung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5983955A (zh)
EP (1) EP0813624B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1044014C (zh)
DE (2) DE19508758A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO1996028594A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2907907A1 (en) * 2014-02-13 2015-08-19 L.G.L. Electronics S.p.A. Storage yarn feeder with rotary drum and yarn-unwinding sensor

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19941889A1 (de) * 1999-09-02 2001-03-08 Iro Patent Ag Baar Fadenliefergerät
IT1402928B1 (it) * 2010-12-13 2013-09-27 Roj S R L Porgitrama per telaio tessile
ITMI20100390U1 (it) * 2010-12-23 2011-03-24 Roj Srl Gruppo di sensori ottici a rilessione in un porgitrama per telai tessili.

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH647999A5 (de) * 1980-06-17 1985-02-28 Rueti Ag Maschf Fadenliefervorrichtung fuer textilmaschinen und verfahren zum betrieb der fadenliefervorrichtung.
BE900492A (nl) * 1984-09-04 1985-03-04 Picanol Nv Snelheidsregeling van inslagvoorafwikkelaar bij weefgetouwen.
DE3506489C1 (de) * 1985-02-23 1986-08-28 Sobrevin Société de brevets industriels-Etablissement, Vaduz Fadenliefervorrichtung
DE3506490A1 (de) * 1985-02-23 1986-09-04 Sobrevin Société de brevets industriels-Etablissement, Vaduz Liefervorrichtung fuer laufende faeden
IT1217339B (it) * 1988-02-11 1990-03-22 Roy Electrotex Spa Alimentatore di filo per macchine tessili
SE8800839D0 (sv) * 1988-03-09 1988-03-09 Iro Ab Forfarande och anordning for hastighetsreglering av en fournissor for mellan-lagring av garn, trad eller dylikt
EP0460699B1 (de) * 1988-12-07 1995-03-08 Iro Ab Fadenspeicher- und -liefervorrichtung
SE9002031D0 (sv) * 1990-06-06 1990-06-06 Iro Ab Anordning vid avkaennings- och/eller analyssystem foer fournissoer
IT1267157B1 (it) * 1994-11-22 1997-01-28 Lgl Electronics Spa Dispositivo e metodo perfezionati per la sorveglianza della riserva di filato negli apparecchi alimentatori di trama.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2907907A1 (en) * 2014-02-13 2015-08-19 L.G.L. Electronics S.p.A. Storage yarn feeder with rotary drum and yarn-unwinding sensor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1996028594A1 (de) 1996-09-19
CN1177990A (zh) 1998-04-01
DE59602440D1 (de) 1999-08-19
DE19508758A1 (de) 1996-09-12
EP0813624A1 (de) 1997-12-29
CN1044014C (zh) 1999-07-07
US5983955A (en) 1999-11-16

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