EP0808966A2 - Burial crypt - Google Patents

Burial crypt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0808966A2
EP0808966A2 EP97108164A EP97108164A EP0808966A2 EP 0808966 A2 EP0808966 A2 EP 0808966A2 EP 97108164 A EP97108164 A EP 97108164A EP 97108164 A EP97108164 A EP 97108164A EP 0808966 A2 EP0808966 A2 EP 0808966A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
opening
ventilation device
chamber according
digging
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EP97108164A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0808966B1 (en
EP0808966A3 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Suckfüll
Brunhilde Suckfüll
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Individual
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H13/00Monuments; Tombs; Burial vaults; Columbaria
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H13/00Monuments; Tombs; Burial vaults; Columbaria
    • E04H13/005Ventilation systems therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a re-usable burial chamber with an overall trough-shaped chamber housing, a cover that can be placed on the chamber housing, possibly in several parts, and a first ventilation device formed on the cover, which enables gas exchange between the interior of the burial chamber and the surroundings, the chamber-side opening of the first ventilation device is located approximately at the bottom of the lid.
  • Such a burial chamber is known from DE 35 37 367 C2.
  • the chamber housing consists of several frame-like wall parts placed one on top of the other, the lowest frame-like wall lying loosely on a base plate; in the case of a specific, commercially available design in accordance with this document, the lower base plate is completely dispensed with.
  • a good exchange of the gas atmosphere located in the chamber housing is ensured via the ventilation device in connection with the design of the chamber housing, which is not gas-tight especially in its lower region, i.e. the decomposition gases can escape from the chamber housing sufficiently quickly and air can flow into the chamber housing sufficiently quickly to ensure decay within a certain period of time, for example 12 years.
  • the good ventilation properties of this known burial chamber with "open”, i.e. Chamber housings that are not sealed or open at the bottom This explains the fact that seeping water penetrating into the soil around the burial chamber creates a certain negative pressure in the interior of the burial chamber, which favors the inflow of air into the interior.
  • this "open" design has the disadvantage that when this burial chamber is installed in the accumulation, adhesive, stratified or groundwater area, an extensive one Drainage is necessary to prevent water from entering the interior or to drain water that has penetrated as quickly as possible. Such drainage systems and the associated costs for the drainage and possible clarification of the drain water can be considerable.
  • the burial chamber known from DE 41 18 408 A1 tries among other things to solve this problem. by getting under control by trying to make the pressure-shaped chamber housing essentially tight in order to avoid that water can penetrate into the interior of the chamber housing from the outside.
  • This construction has considerable other disadvantages. Firstly, the unwanted penetration of water into the interior cannot be prevented with certainty. For example, hairline cracks can occur in the concrete, the density of the joints or the sealant used between the individual, stacked chamber rings or between the chamber housing and cover is not always guaranteed, or the airlock located below the surface of the earth can be exposed to heavy rain or when the Plant trough provided drainage openings 51 are blocked, flooded. However, once water has penetrated into the burial chamber according to DE 41 18 408 A1, it collects in the floor pan 24 and hinders the desired decomposition process there.
  • the desired decomposition process is also decisively inhibited in this prior art by the inadequate ventilation of the interior taking place. Any excess pressure in the interior due to putrefaction gases can be removed via the ventilation device formed on the cover, but otherwise the supply of oxygen can only take place via changing atmospheric air pressure, the exchange not being sufficient to ensure the putrefaction process in the desired manner to accelerate, especially since the drain hose used in practice for gas distribution clogs up relatively quickly.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid the disadvantages of the two known types described above as possible and in particular to create a burial chamber which is comparatively inexpensive and in which optimal conditions for a rapid decomposition process prevail.
  • the burial chamber should meet the legal requirements, in particular the funeral laws and ordinances of the federal states.
  • the trough-shaped chamber housing is designed to be gas-tight and watertight and that in addition to the ventilation device installed in the cover, a further ventilation device is provided which enables gas circulation between the interior of the burial chamber and the environment and at least one chamber-side opening opens into the lower part of the interior of the burial chamber.
  • the watertight design of the chamber housing which can be achieved in particular by its one-piece design, enables the burial chamber according to the invention to be easily installed, for example, in the backwater or groundwater area.
  • a very good gas exchange within the burial chamber with sufficient oxygen supply and good circulation of the gas atmosphere within the chamber is ensured due to the additional ventilation device, so that optimal conditions for rapid decomposition are present.
  • the further ventilation device can basically comprise a shaft or a pipe, which is either led upwards in the interior of the burial chamber and, for. B. with the interposition of a suitable coupling piece, is passed through the cover, or which is passed through a side wall of the chamber housing to the outside and then outside the burial chamber upwards and ends outdoors or underground, as in the prior art described at the beginning is disclosed, suitable airlocks or filters can be provided.
  • the ventilation shaft is preferably integrated in a side wall of the chamber housing.
  • the side wall in which the ventilation shaft is integrated is preferably raised over the other side walls and is designed as a tombstone foundation, the ventilation shaft opening outward in the area of the elevation, but preferably still within the ground.
  • the elevation of the side wall forming the tombstone foundation is preferably formed in one piece with the chamber housing, it could also be designed as a separate base, whereby suitable centering means could ensure that the mutually assigned shaft sections in the respective components are aligned with one another.
  • the openings of the first ventilation device and the further ventilation device opening into the surroundings are arranged at different heights, as a result of which a pressure difference which promotes gas exchange can also be used.
  • the respective ventilation devices can in principle be designed as disclosed in the two documents discussed above. However, it is particularly simple and inexpensive if the at least one ventilation shaft of the further ventilation device is at least partially covered with a filter material such as, for. B. filter sand is filled, whereby odors can be avoided with the necessary security.
  • the first ventilation device can in particular be designed in accordance with DE 35 37 367 C2, that is to say with an activated carbon filter.
  • a particularly advantageous development of the invention in the chamber housing is a continuous one in its lower region Drain opening designed for the fluid-tight connection of a drainage system.
  • Water that collects the chamber housing can thus be drained off via a pipe system and, if necessary, cleaned in a biological filter shaft.
  • a backflow flap is preferably provided in or at the drain opening, as a result of which the burial chamber can also be installed in the backwater area without additional drainage measures. Due to the targeted drainage of water entering the chamber housing via a pipe system, contamination of the groundwater with the required safety is excluded.
  • the drain opening opens a few centimeters above the chamber bottom, so that a few centimeters high water and dirt accumulation zone is formed on the bottom of the chamber housing, in which water and impurities are retained and are specifically and controllably drained off from a certain water level will. Adequate air humidity is also ensured.
  • the burial chamber comprises a trough-shaped chamber housing 10 which is open at the top and a cover 12 which closes the upper opening of the chamber housing 10.
  • the chamber housing 10 is made in one piece from concrete, other materials also possibly being conceivable.
  • the chamber housing 10 has a bottom 14 and four side walls 16, 18, 20 and 22, with recesses 24 open to the outside being formed on the upper edges of the side walls, into which correspondingly shaped projections 26 engage, which are formed along the lower outer edges of the cover 12 , so that the cover is positively held in its closed position and rainwater cannot penetrate into the interior of the burial chamber.
  • a vegetation mat 28 is placed on the top of the cover 12.
  • An airtight and watertight closable through opening 30 serves as an opening for urn burials.
  • a ventilation device generally designated 34, is inserted, which is designed in the manner of DE 35 37 367 C2, reference being expressly made to this document with regard to details in this regard.
  • This ventilation device 34 essentially comprises a pipe socket inserted sealingly into the through opening 32, an activated carbon filter and a cover.
  • the ventilation device 34 which works primarily as a ventilation of the interior of the burial chamber, ends in the finished state of the grave within the humus layer located above the burial chamber.
  • Another ventilation device serves primarily as a ventilation device for supplying fresh air into the interior of the burial chamber. It comprises two ventilation shafts 35, which are designed to run essentially vertically in the interior of the side wall 20 and open at their lower ends in the lower region of the burial chamber via openings 36 into the interior of the burial chamber, approximately at a height of 20 to 40 centimeters above the ground 14.
  • the side wall 20 is extended upwards relative to the other side walls and, at the same time, is formed and reinforced relative to the other side walls the upwardly projecting, base-like side wall section 38 serves as the foundation for a tombstone.
  • the two ventilation shafts 35 extend upward into the base section 38 and end via openings 40 in the side wall of the base section 38 facing the cover 12, above the ventilation device 34, but within the ground, the level of which is approximately through the horizontal upper end surface 42 of the base section 38 is defined.
  • the openings 40 are closed by means of a grid, as indicated in FIG. 3.
  • the ventilation shafts 35 are partially filled with a filter material, in particular filter sand, the amount of the filling depending on the filter properties of the material. In any case, it must be ensured that possible odor nuisance cannot occur.
  • a through opening 44 is provided a few centimeters above the top of the bottom 14, which can be connected in a media-tight manner to an external pipe system (not shown) and via which water accumulating on the bottom can be drained off if necessary.
  • the passage opening 44 can furthermore be closed by means of a non-return flap in a manner not shown in detail which is familiar to the person skilled in the art. Due to the slightly higher arrangement of the through opening 44 than the bottom 14, a water and dirt accumulation zone is created in the lower region of the chamber housing, which is indicated by the dotted line 46.
  • the side walls 18 and 22 extending in the longitudinal direction of the chamber housing are, as is particularly clear from FIG. 3, step-shaped, whereby projections 48 are formed which serve as supports for an intermediate floor which is used when the grave is occupied twice.
  • the illustrated embodiment is designed as a single grave with a possible double occupancy one above the other. However, it is to be understood that the invention is not so limited.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
  • Characterised By The Charging Evacuation (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)
  • Physical Deposition Of Substances That Are Components Of Semiconductor Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The chamber has a mainly trough-shaped housing (10) which may be formed in one piece, and has a cover (12) which can have more than one part, and which also has first ventilator (34). The ventilator has an internal opening at roughly the level of the underside of the cover. The chamber is watertight, and has further openings (35,36,40) with at least one opening (36) in the lower region of the chamber interior. The chamber has a shaft opening (35) in one of its side walls (20). The side wall my be raised relative to the remaining side walls (16,18,22), and may also form the foundation for a gravestone.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine wiederbelegbare Grabkammer mit einem insgesamt trogförmigen Kammergehäuse, einem auf dem Kammergehäuse aufsetzbaren, gegebenenfalls mehrteilig ausgebildeten Deckel, und einer am Deckel ausgebildeten ersten Lüftungseinrichtung, die einen Gasaustausch zwischen dem Innenraum der Grabkammer und der Umgebung ermöglicht, wobei sich die kammerseitige Öffnung der ersten Lüftungseinrichtung in etwa in Höhe der Unterseite des Deckels befindet.The invention relates to a re-usable burial chamber with an overall trough-shaped chamber housing, a cover that can be placed on the chamber housing, possibly in several parts, and a first ventilation device formed on the cover, which enables gas exchange between the interior of the burial chamber and the surroundings, the chamber-side opening of the first ventilation device is located approximately at the bottom of the lid.

Eine solche Grabkammer ist aus der DE 35 37 367 C2 bekannt. Das Kammergehäuse besteht hierbei aus mehreren, aufeinander gesetzten rahmenartigen Wandteilen, wobei das unterste rahmenartige Wandte auf einer Basisplatte lose aufliegt; bei einer konkreten, im Handel erhältlichen Bauform entsprechend dieser Druckschrift wird auf die untere Basisplatte völlig verzichtet. Über die Lüftungseinrichtung wird im Zusammenhang mit der insbesondere in ihrem unteren Bereich nicht gasdichten Ausgestaltung des Kammergehäuses ein guter Austausch der innerhalb des Kammergehäuses befindlichen Gasatmosphäre sichergestellt, d.h. die Verwesungsgase können ausreichend schnell aus dem Kammergehäuse austreten und Luft kann in das Kammergehäuse ausreichend schnell nachströmen, um eine Verwesung innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitraums von beispielsweise 12 Jahren sicherzustellen. Die guten Lüftungseigenschaften dieser bekannten Grabkammer mit "offenem", d.h. nicht abgedichteten bzw. unten offenem Kammergehäuse werden u.a. dadurch erklärt, daß in den Boden um die Grabkammer herum eindringendes Sickerwasser im Innenraum der Grabkammer einen gewissen Unterdruck erzeugt, der ein Nachströmen von Luft in den Innenraum begünstigt.Such a burial chamber is known from DE 35 37 367 C2. The chamber housing consists of several frame-like wall parts placed one on top of the other, the lowest frame-like wall lying loosely on a base plate; in the case of a specific, commercially available design in accordance with this document, the lower base plate is completely dispensed with. A good exchange of the gas atmosphere located in the chamber housing is ensured via the ventilation device in connection with the design of the chamber housing, which is not gas-tight especially in its lower region, i.e. the decomposition gases can escape from the chamber housing sufficiently quickly and air can flow into the chamber housing sufficiently quickly to ensure decay within a certain period of time, for example 12 years. The good ventilation properties of this known burial chamber with "open", i.e. Chamber housings that are not sealed or open at the bottom This explains the fact that seeping water penetrating into the soil around the burial chamber creates a certain negative pressure in the interior of the burial chamber, which favors the inflow of air into the interior.

Andererseits hat diese "offene" Bauweise den Nachteil, daß beim Einbau dieser Grabkammer im Stau-, Haft-, Schicht- oder Grundwasserbereich eine umfangreiche Drainierung erforderlich ist, um ein Eindringen von Wasser in den Innenraum zu vermeiden bzw. eingedrungenes Wasser schnellstmöglich wieder abzuleiten. Solche Drainagesysteme sowie die hiermit zusammenhängenden Kosten für die Ableitung und eventuelle Klärung des Drainwassers können erheblich sein.On the other hand, this "open" design has the disadvantage that when this burial chamber is installed in the accumulation, adhesive, stratified or groundwater area, an extensive one Drainage is necessary to prevent water from entering the interior or to drain water that has penetrated as quickly as possible. Such drainage systems and the associated costs for the drainage and possible clarification of the drain water can be considerable.

Die aus der DE 41 18 408 A1 bekannte Grabkammer versucht dieses Problem u.a. dadurch in den Griff zu bekommen, daß versucht wird, das druckförmige Kammergehäuse im wesentlichen dicht auszubilden, um zu vermeiden, daß Wasser von außen in das Innere des Kammergehäuses eindringen kann. Diese Konstruktion ist jedoch mit ganz erheblichen anderen Nachteilen behaftet. Zum einen kann das ungewollte Eindringen von Wasser in den Innenraum nicht mit Sicherheit verhindert werden. Beispielsweise können Haarrisse im Beton auftreten, die Dichte der Fugen bzw. der eingesetzten Dichtungsmittel zwischen den einzelnen, aufeinandergesetzten Kammerringen oder zwischen Kammergehäuse und Deckel ist nicht immer gewährleistet, oder aber die unterhalb der Erdoberfläche befindliche Luftschleuse kann bei starkem Regen oder dann, wenn die im Pflanztrog vorgesehenen Entwässerungsöffnungen 51 verstopft sind, überflutet werden. Ist jedoch in die Grabkammer gemäß DE 41 18 408 A1 einmal Wasser eingedrungen, so sammelt es sich in der Bodenwanne 24 und behindert dort den erwünschten Verwesungsprozeß.The burial chamber known from DE 41 18 408 A1 tries among other things to solve this problem. by getting under control by trying to make the pressure-shaped chamber housing essentially tight in order to avoid that water can penetrate into the interior of the chamber housing from the outside. This construction, however, has considerable other disadvantages. Firstly, the unwanted penetration of water into the interior cannot be prevented with certainty. For example, hairline cracks can occur in the concrete, the density of the joints or the sealant used between the individual, stacked chamber rings or between the chamber housing and cover is not always guaranteed, or the airlock located below the surface of the earth can be exposed to heavy rain or when the Plant trough provided drainage openings 51 are blocked, flooded. However, once water has penetrated into the burial chamber according to DE 41 18 408 A1, it collects in the floor pan 24 and hinders the desired decomposition process there.

Abgesehen von diesem Problem des möglicherweise eindringenden Wassers wird bei diesem Stand der Technik der erwünschte Verwesungsprozeß auch dadurch entscheidend gehemmt, als keine hinreichende Durchlüftung des Innenraums stattfinden kann. Ein im Innenraum etwa vorhandener Überdruck aufgrund von Verwesungsgasen kann zwar über die am Deckel ausgebildete Entlüftungseinrichtung abgeführt werden, im übrigen kann eine Zufuhr von Sauerstoff jedoch ausschließlich über wechselnden atmosphärischen Luftdruck erfolgen, wobei hierbei der Austausch nicht ausreichend ist, um den Verwesungsprozeß in der gewünschten Weise zu beschleunigen, zumal sich der in der Praxis zur Gasverteilung eingesetzte Drainschlauch relativ schnell zusetzt.Apart from this problem of the possibly penetrating water, the desired decomposition process is also decisively inhibited in this prior art by the inadequate ventilation of the interior taking place. Any excess pressure in the interior due to putrefaction gases can be removed via the ventilation device formed on the cover, but otherwise the supply of oxygen can only take place via changing atmospheric air pressure, the exchange not being sufficient to ensure the putrefaction process in the desired manner to accelerate, especially since the drain hose used in practice for gas distribution clogs up relatively quickly.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die vorstehend geschilderten Nachteile der beiden bekannten Bauarten möglichst zu vermeiden und insbesondere eine Grabkammer zu schaffen, die vergleichsweise kostengünstig ist und bei der optimale Bedingungen für einen raschen Verwesungsvorgang vorherrschen. Gleichzeitig soll die Grabkammer den gesetzlichen Bestimmungen, insbesondere den Bestattungsgesetzen bzw. -verordnungen der Bundesländer genügen.The invention has for its object to avoid the disadvantages of the two known types described above as possible and in particular to create a burial chamber which is comparatively inexpensive and in which optimal conditions for a rapid decomposition process prevail. At the same time, the burial chamber should meet the legal requirements, in particular the funeral laws and ordinances of the federal states.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß im wesentlichen dadurch gelöst, daß das trogförmige Kammergehäuse gas- und wasserdicht ausgebildet ist und daß neben der im Deckel eingebauten Lüftungseinrichtung eine weitere Lüftungseinrichtung vorgesehen ist, die eine Gaszirkulation zwischen dem Inneren der Grabkammer und der Umgebung ermöglicht und mindestens eine kammerseitige Öffnung im unteren Bereich des Innenraums der Grabkammer mündet.This object is achieved essentially in that the trough-shaped chamber housing is designed to be gas-tight and watertight and that in addition to the ventilation device installed in the cover, a further ventilation device is provided which enables gas circulation between the interior of the burial chamber and the environment and at least one chamber-side opening opens into the lower part of the interior of the burial chamber.

Die wasserdichte Ausbildung des Kammergehäuses, die insbesondere durch dessen einstückige Ausführung erzielt werden kann, ermöglicht es, die erfindungsgemäße Grabkammer problemlos beispielsweise auch im Stau- oder Grundwasserbereich einzubauen. Trotz der wasserdichten Ausbildung des Kammergehäuses wird aufgrund der weiteren Lüftungseinrichtung ein sehr guter Gasaustausch innerhalb der Grabkammer mit ausreichender Sauerstoffzufuhr und guter Umwälzung der Gasatmosphäre innerhalb der Kammer gewährleistet, so daß optimale Verhältnisse für eine rasche Verwesung vorliegen.The watertight design of the chamber housing, which can be achieved in particular by its one-piece design, enables the burial chamber according to the invention to be easily installed, for example, in the backwater or groundwater area. Despite the watertight design of the chamber housing, a very good gas exchange within the burial chamber with sufficient oxygen supply and good circulation of the gas atmosphere within the chamber is ensured due to the additional ventilation device, so that optimal conditions for rapid decomposition are present.

Die weitere Lüftungseinrichtung kann grundsätzlich einen Schacht oder ein Rohr umfassen, das entweder im Innenraum der Grabkammer nach oben geführt ist und, z. B. unter Zwischenschaltung eines geeigneten Kupplungsstücks, durch den Deckel hindurchgeführt ist, oder das durch eine Seitenwand des Kammergehäuses hindurch nach außen und dann außerhalb der Grabkammer nach oben geführt ist und im Freien oder unter der Erde endet, wie dies beim eingangs geschilderten Stand der Technik offenbart ist, wobei geeignete Luftschleusen bzw. Filter vorgesehen sein können. Vorzugsweise ist der Lüftungsschacht jedoch in einer Seitenwandung des Kammergehäuses integriert.The further ventilation device can basically comprise a shaft or a pipe, which is either led upwards in the interior of the burial chamber and, for. B. with the interposition of a suitable coupling piece, is passed through the cover, or which is passed through a side wall of the chamber housing to the outside and then outside the burial chamber upwards and ends outdoors or underground, as in the prior art described at the beginning is disclosed, suitable airlocks or filters can be provided. However, the ventilation shaft is preferably integrated in a side wall of the chamber housing.

Insbesondere diejenige Seitenwandung, in der der Lüftungsschacht integriert ist, ist gegenüber den anderen Seitenwandungen vorzugsweise erhöht und als Grabsteinfundament ausgebildet, wobei der Lüftungsschacht im Bereich der Erhöhung, jedoch vorzugsweise noch innerhalb des Erdreichs, nach außen mündet.In particular, the side wall in which the ventilation shaft is integrated is preferably raised over the other side walls and is designed as a tombstone foundation, the ventilation shaft opening outward in the area of the elevation, but preferably still within the ground.

Obwohl die das Grabsteinfundament bildende Erhöhung der Seitenwandung mit dem Kammergehäuse vorzugsweise einstückig ausgebildet ist, könnte sie auch als separater Sockel ausgebildet sein, wobei durch geeignete Zentriermittel sichergestellt sein könnte, daß die einander zugeordneten Schachtabschnitte in den jeweiligen Bauteilen miteinander fluchten.Although the elevation of the side wall forming the tombstone foundation is preferably formed in one piece with the chamber housing, it could also be designed as a separate base, whereby suitable centering means could ensure that the mutually assigned shaft sections in the respective components are aligned with one another.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die in die Umgebung mündenden Öffnungen der ersten Lüftungseinrichtung und der weiteren Lüftungseinrichtung in unterschiedlichen Höhen angeordnet sind, wodurch zusätzlich ein den Gasaustausch fördernder Druckunterschied ausgenutzt werden kann.In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the openings of the first ventilation device and the further ventilation device opening into the surroundings are arranged at different heights, as a result of which a pressure difference which promotes gas exchange can also be used.

Die jeweiligen Lüftungseinrichtungen können grundsätzlich so ausgebildet sein, wie dies in den beiden eingangs diskutierten Druckschriften offenbart ist. Besonders einfach und kostengünstig ist es jedoch, wenn der mindestens eine Lüftungsschacht der weiteren Lüftungseinrichtung zumindest teilweise mit einem Filtermaterial wie z. B. Filtersand gefüllt ist, wodurch Geruchsbelästigungen mit der erforderlichen Sicherheit vermieden werden können. Die erste Lüftungseinrichtung kann hierbei insbesondere entsprechend der DE 35 37 367 C2, also mit einem Aktivkohlefilter, ausgebildet sein.The respective ventilation devices can in principle be designed as disclosed in the two documents discussed above. However, it is particularly simple and inexpensive if the at least one ventilation shaft of the further ventilation device is at least partially covered with a filter material such as, for. B. filter sand is filled, whereby odors can be avoided with the necessary security. The first ventilation device can in particular be designed in accordance with DE 35 37 367 C2, that is to say with an activated carbon filter.

Nachdem, beispielsweise aufgrund der weiter oben erwähnten möglichen Haarrisse innerhalb des Deckels bzw. des trogförmigen Kammergehäuses, nicht stets mit absoluter Sicherheit ausgeschlossen werden kann, daß Wasser in die Grabkammer eindringt, ist in besonders vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung im Kammergehäuse in dessen unterem Bereich eine durchgehende Ablauföffnung zum fluiddichten Anschluß eines Entwässerungssystems ausgebildet. Sich im Kammergehäuse ansammelndes Wasser kann somit über ein Rohrsystem abgeleitet und gegebenenfalls in einem biologischen Filterschacht gereinigt werden. In bzw. an der Ablauföffnung ist vorzugsweise eine Rückstauklappe vorgesehen, wodurch die Grabkammer ohne zusätzliche Entwässerungsmaßnahmen auch im Stauwasserbereich eingebaut werden kann. Durch das gezielte Ableiten von in das Kammergehäuse eindringendem Wasser über ein Rohrsystem ist eine Belastung des Grundwassers mit der erforderlichen Sicherheit ausgeschlossen.After, for example due to the possible hairline cracks mentioned above within the cover or the trough-shaped chamber housing, it cannot always be ruled out with absolute certainty that water penetrates into the burial chamber, a particularly advantageous development of the invention in the chamber housing is a continuous one in its lower region Drain opening designed for the fluid-tight connection of a drainage system. In Water that collects the chamber housing can thus be drained off via a pipe system and, if necessary, cleaned in a biological filter shaft. A backflow flap is preferably provided in or at the drain opening, as a result of which the burial chamber can also be installed in the backwater area without additional drainage measures. Due to the targeted drainage of water entering the chamber housing via a pipe system, contamination of the groundwater with the required safety is excluded.

Gemäß einem weiteren vorteilhaften Merkmal der Erfindung mündet die Ablauföffnung einige wenige Zentimeter oberhalb des Kammerbodens, so daß am Boden des Kammergehäuses eine einige Zentimeter hohe Wasser- und Schmutzstauzone ausgebildet wird, in der Wasser und Verunreinigungen zurückgehalten werden und ab einem bestimmten Wasserstand gezielt und kontrollierbar abgeleitet werden. Außerdem wird eine ausreichende Luftfeuchtigkeit sichergestellt.According to a further advantageous feature of the invention, the drain opening opens a few centimeters above the chamber bottom, so that a few centimeters high water and dirt accumulation zone is formed on the bottom of the chamber housing, in which water and impurities are retained and are specifically and controllably drained off from a certain water level will. Adequate air humidity is also ensured.

Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den übrigen Unteransprüchen und aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert wird. In der Zeichnung zeigen, teilweise in schematischer bzw. halbschematischer Darstellung

Fig. 1:
eine Draufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Grabkammer bei abgenommenem Deckel,
Fig. 2:
einen vertikalen Schnitt durch die Grabkammer gemäß Fig. 1 entlang der Linie A-A, jedoch mit aufgesetztem Deckel,
Fig. 3:
einen vertikalen Schnitt durch die Grabkammer gemäß Fig. 1 entlang der Linie C-C, ebenfalls mit aufgesetztem Deckel, und
Fig. 4:
eine Draufsicht auf die Grabkammer gemäß Fig. 1 mit aufgesetztem Deckel.
Further advantageous features of the invention emerge from the remaining subclaims and from the following description in which a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Show in the drawing, partly in a schematic or semi-schematic representation
Fig. 1:
a plan view of a burial chamber according to the invention with the cover removed,
Fig. 2:
2 shows a vertical section through the burial chamber according to FIG. 1 along line AA, but with the cover attached,
Fig. 3:
a vertical section through the burial chamber according to FIG. 1 along the line CC, also with a lid, and
Fig. 4:
a plan view of the burial chamber according to FIG. 1 with the lid attached.

Die Grabkammer umfaßt ein trogförmiges, oben offenes Kammergehäuse 10 und einen die obere Öffnung des Kammergehäuses 10 verschließenden Deckel 12. Das Kammergehäuse 10 ist, ebenso wie der Deckel 12, einstückig aus Beton hergestellt, wobei gegebenenfalls auch andere Materialien denkbar sind. Das Kammergehäuse 10 weist einen Boden 14 und vier Seitenwandungen 16, 18, 20 und 22 auf, wobei an den oberen Kanten der Seitenwandungen nach außen offene Rücksprünge 24 ausgebildet sind, in die entsprechend geformte, entlang den unteren Außenkanten des Deckels 12 angeformte Vorsprünge 26 eingreifen, so daß der Deckel formschlüssig in seiner geschlossenen Position gehalten ist und Regenwasser in das Innere der Grabkammer nicht eindringen kann.The burial chamber comprises a trough-shaped chamber housing 10 which is open at the top and a cover 12 which closes the upper opening of the chamber housing 10. Like the cover 12, the chamber housing 10 is made in one piece from concrete, other materials also possibly being conceivable. The chamber housing 10 has a bottom 14 and four side walls 16, 18, 20 and 22, with recesses 24 open to the outside being formed on the upper edges of the side walls, into which correspondingly shaped projections 26 engage, which are formed along the lower outer edges of the cover 12 , so that the cover is positively held in its closed position and rainwater cannot penetrate into the interior of the burial chamber.

An der Oberseite des Deckels 12 ist eine Vegetationsmatte 28 aufgelegt. Eine luft- und wasserdicht verschließbare Durchgangsöffnung 30 dient als Öffnung für Urnenbeisetzungen. In eine weitere, im Deckel ausgebildete Durchgangsöffnung 32 ist eine insgesamt mit 34 bezeichnete Lüftungseinrichtung eingesetzt, die nach Art der DE 35 37 367 C2 ausgebildet ist, wobei hinsichtlich diesbezüglicher Einzelheiten ausdrücklich auf diese Druckschrift Bezug genommen wird. Diese Lüftungseinrichtung 34 umfaßt im wesentlichen einen in die Durchgangsöffnung 32 dichtend eingesetzten Rohrstutzen, einen Aktivkohlefilter sowie eine Abdeckhaube. Die Lüftungseinrichtung 34, die in erster Linie als Entlüftung des Innenraums der Grabkammer arbeitet, endet im fertig angelegten Zustand des Grabes innerhalb der überhalb der Grabkammer befindlichen Humusschicht.A vegetation mat 28 is placed on the top of the cover 12. An airtight and watertight closable through opening 30 serves as an opening for urn burials. In a further through opening 32 formed in the cover, a ventilation device, generally designated 34, is inserted, which is designed in the manner of DE 35 37 367 C2, reference being expressly made to this document with regard to details in this regard. This ventilation device 34 essentially comprises a pipe socket inserted sealingly into the through opening 32, an activated carbon filter and a cover. The ventilation device 34, which works primarily as a ventilation of the interior of the burial chamber, ends in the finished state of the grave within the humus layer located above the burial chamber.

Eine weitere Lüftungseinrichtung dient in erster Linie als Belüftungseinrichtung zum Zuführen von Frischluft in den Innneraum der Grabkammer. Sie umfaßt zwei Lüftungsschächte 35, die im Inneren der Seitenwandung 20 im wesentlichen vertikal verlaufend ausgebildet sind und an ihren unteren Enden im unteren Bereich der Grabkammer über Öffnungen 36 in den Innenraum der Grabkammer münden, etwa in einer Höhe von 20 bis 40 Zentimetern oberhalb des Bodens 14. Die Seitenwand 20 ist gegenüber den übrigen Seitenwänden nach oben verlängert und gegenüber den übrigen Seitenwänden gleichzeitig verstärkt ausgebildet und der nach oben vorstehende, sockelartige Seitenwandabschnitt 38 dient als Fundament für einen Grabstein. Die beiden Lüftungsschächte 35 erstrecken sich nach oben in den Sockelabschnitt 38 hinein und enden über Öffnungen 40 in der dem Deckel 12 zugewandten Seitenwand des Sockelabschnitts 38, und zwar oberhalb der Lüftungseinrichtung 34, aber innerhalb des Erdreichs, dessen Niveau in etwa durch die horizontale obere Abschlußfläche 42 des Sockelabschnitts 38 definiert ist. Um zu verhindern, daß gröbere Verschmutzungen durch die Öffnungen 40 in die Lüftungsschächte 35 eindringen, sind die Öffnungen 40, wie in Fig. 3 angedeutet, mittels Gitter verschlossen. Weiterhin sind die Lüftungsschächte 35 teilweise mit einem Filtermaterial, insbesondere Filtersand gefüllt, wobei die Höhe der Füllung von den Filtereigenschaften des Materials abhängt. Jedenfalls muß sichergestellt sein, daß mögliche Geruchsbelästigungen nicht auftreten können.Another ventilation device serves primarily as a ventilation device for supplying fresh air into the interior of the burial chamber. It comprises two ventilation shafts 35, which are designed to run essentially vertically in the interior of the side wall 20 and open at their lower ends in the lower region of the burial chamber via openings 36 into the interior of the burial chamber, approximately at a height of 20 to 40 centimeters above the ground 14. The side wall 20 is extended upwards relative to the other side walls and, at the same time, is formed and reinforced relative to the other side walls the upwardly projecting, base-like side wall section 38 serves as the foundation for a tombstone. The two ventilation shafts 35 extend upward into the base section 38 and end via openings 40 in the side wall of the base section 38 facing the cover 12, above the ventilation device 34, but within the ground, the level of which is approximately through the horizontal upper end surface 42 of the base section 38 is defined. In order to prevent coarser soiling from penetrating into the ventilation shafts 35 through the openings 40, the openings 40 are closed by means of a grid, as indicated in FIG. 3. Furthermore, the ventilation shafts 35 are partially filled with a filter material, in particular filter sand, the amount of the filling depending on the filter properties of the material. In any case, it must be ensured that possible odor nuisance cannot occur.

In der Wandung 16 des Kammergehäuses 10 ist einige Zentimeter oberhalb der Oberseite des Bodens 14 eine Durchgangsöffnung 44 vorgesehen, die mediendicht an ein nicht dargestelltes, externes Rohrsystem angeschlossen werden kann und über die sich am Boden ansammelndes Wasser bei Bedarf abgeleitet werden kann. Die Durchgangsöffnung 44 kann weiterhin in nicht näher dargestellter, dem Fachmann geläufiger Weise mittels einer Rückschlagklappe verschließbar sein. Aufgrund der gegenüber dem Boden 14 etwas erhöhten Anordnung der Durchgangsöffnung 44 wird im unteren Bereich des Kammergehäuses eine Wasser- und Schmutzstauzone geschaffen, die durch die punktierte Linie 46 angedeutet ist.In the wall 16 of the chamber housing 10, a through opening 44 is provided a few centimeters above the top of the bottom 14, which can be connected in a media-tight manner to an external pipe system (not shown) and via which water accumulating on the bottom can be drained off if necessary. The passage opening 44 can furthermore be closed by means of a non-return flap in a manner not shown in detail which is familiar to the person skilled in the art. Due to the slightly higher arrangement of the through opening 44 than the bottom 14, a water and dirt accumulation zone is created in the lower region of the chamber housing, which is indicated by the dotted line 46.

Die in Längsrichtung des Kammergehäuses verlaufenden Seitenwandungen 18 und 22 sind, wie insbesondere aus Fig. 3 deutlich wird, stufenförmig ausgbildet, wodurch Vorsprünge 48 entstehen, die als Auflager für einen Zwischenboden dienen, der bei doppelter Belegung des Grabes eingesetzt wird.The side walls 18 and 22 extending in the longitudinal direction of the chamber housing are, as is particularly clear from FIG. 3, step-shaped, whereby projections 48 are formed which serve as supports for an intermediate floor which is used when the grave is occupied twice.

Das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel ist als Einzelgrab mit einer möglichen doppelten Belegung übereinander ausgebildet. Es versteht sich jedoch, daß die Erfindung nicht hierauf beschränkt ist.The illustrated embodiment is designed as a single grave with a possible double occupancy one above the other. However, it is to be understood that the invention is not so limited.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

1010th
KammergehäuseChamber housing
1212th
Deckelcover
1414
Bodenground
1616
SeitenwandungSide wall
1818th
SeitenwandungSide wall
2020th
SeitenwandungSide wall
2222
SeitenwandungSide wall
2424th
RücksprüngeSetbacks
2626
VorsprüngeLedges
2828
VegetationsmatteVegetation mat
3030th
DurchgangsöffnungThrough opening
3232
DurchgangsöffnungThrough opening
3434
LüftungseinrichtungVentilation device
3535
LüftungsschächteVentilation shafts
3636
Öffnungenopenings
3838
SeitenwandabschnittSide wall section
4040
Öffnungenopenings
4242
AbschlußflächeFinal area
4444
DurchgangsöffnungThrough opening
4646
Linieline
4848
VorsprüngeLedges

Claims (17)

Wiederverwendbare Grabkammer mit einem insgesamt trogförmigen Kammergehäuse (10), einem auf dem Kammergehäuse aufsetzbaren, gegebenenfalls mehrteilig ausgebildeten Deckel (12) und einer am Deckel ausgebildeten ersten Lüftungseinrichtung (34), die einen Gasaustausch zwischen dem Innenraum der Grabkammer und der Umgebung ermöglicht, wobei sich die kammerseitige Öffnung der Lüftungseinrichtung in etwa in Höhe der Unterseite des Deckels befindet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das trogförmige Kammergehäuse (10) wasserdicht ausgebildet ist und daß eine weitere Lüftungseinrichtung (35, 36, 40) vorgesehen ist, die einen Gasaustausch zwischen dem Inneren der Grabkammer und der Umgebung ermöglicht und deren mindestens eine kammerseitige Öffnung (36) im unteren Bereich des Innenraums der Grabkammer mündet.Reusable burial chamber with an overall trough-shaped chamber housing (10), a cover (12), which can be placed on the chamber housing, possibly in several parts, and a first ventilation device (34) formed on the cover, which enables gas exchange between the interior of the burial chamber and the surroundings, whereby the chamber-side opening of the ventilation device is located approximately at the level of the underside of the cover, characterized in that the trough-shaped chamber housing (10) is designed to be watertight and that a further ventilation device (35, 36, 40) is provided which allows gas exchange between the inside of the Allows burial chamber and the environment and whose at least one chamber-side opening (36) opens in the lower region of the interior of the burial chamber. Grabkammer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das trogförmige Kammergehäuse (10) einstückig ausgebildet ist.Digging chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that the trough-shaped chamber housing (10) is formed in one piece. Grabkammer nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die weitere Lüftungseinrichtung zumindest einen Lüftungsschacht (35) umfaßt, der in einer Seitenwandung (20) des Kammergehäuses (10) ausgebildet ist.Digging chamber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the further ventilation device comprises at least one ventilation shaft (35) which is formed in a side wall (20) of the chamber housing (10). Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Seitenwandung (20) des Kammergehäuses (10) gegenüber den übrigen Seitenwandungen (16, 18, 22) erhöht ist und als Grabsteinfundament ausgebildet ist.Grave chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a side wall (20) of the chamber housing (10) is raised in relation to the other side walls (16, 18, 22) and is designed as a grave stone foundation. Grabkammer nach Anspruch 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zumindest eine Lüftungsschacht (35) der weiteren Lüftungseinrichtung in der erhöht ausgebildeten Seitenwandung (20) untergebracht ist.Digging chamber according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the at least one ventilation shaft (35) of the further ventilation device is accommodated in the raised side wall (20). Grabkammer nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mit der Umgebung in Verbindung stehende Öffnung (40) des zumindest einen Lüftungsschachts (35) im Bereich der Erhöhung (38) der als Grabsteinfundament ausgebildeten Seitenwandung (20) mündet.Grave chamber according to claim 5, characterized in that the opening (40) of the at least one ventilation shaft (35) communicating with the surroundings opens in the region of the elevation (38) of the side wall (20) designed as a grave stone foundation. Grabkammer nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Öffnung (40) an der dem Deckel (12) zugewandten Seite der Erhöhung mündet.Digging chamber according to claim 6, characterized in that the opening (40) opens out on the side of the elevation facing the cover (12). Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die umgebungsseitigen Öffnungen der ersten Lüftungseinrichtung (34) und der weiteren Lüftungseinrichtung (35, 36, 40) in unterschiedlichen Höhen münden.Grave chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the openings on the surroundings of the first ventilation device (34) and the further ventilation device (35, 36, 40) open out at different heights. Grabkammer nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die umgebungsseitige Öffnung (40) der weiteren Lüftungseinrichtung sich oberhalb der umgebungsseitigen Öffnung der ersten Lüftungseinrichtung (34) befindet.Digging chamber according to Claim 8, characterized in that the opening (40) on the surroundings of the further ventilation device is located above the opening on the surroundings of the first ventilation device (34). Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der mindestens eine Lüftungsschacht (35) der weiteren Lüftungseinrichtung zumindest teilweise mit einem Filtermaterial, z. B. Filtersand, gefüllt ist.Grave chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one ventilation shaft (35) of the further ventilation device is at least partially covered with a filter material, e.g. B. filter sand is filled. Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Kammergehäuse (10) in dessen unterem Bereich eine durchgehende Ablauföffnung (44) zum fluiddichten Anschluß eines Entwässerungssystems ausgebildet ist.Digging chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a continuous drain opening (44) for the fluid-tight connection of a drainage system is formed in the lower area of the chamber housing (10). Grabkammer nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an bzw. in der Ablauföffnung (44) eine Rückstauklappe vorgesehen ist.Digging chamber according to claim 11, characterized in that a backflow flap is provided on or in the drain opening (44). Grabkammer nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ablauföffnung (44) in einer Seitenwandung (16) ausgebildet ist.Digging chamber according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the drain opening (44) is formed in a side wall (16). Grabkammer nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ablauföffnung (44) kammerseitig oberhalb des Kammerbodens (14), vorzugsweise einige wenige Zentimeter oberhalb des Kammerbodens mündet.Digging chamber according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the drain opening (44) opens on the chamber side above the chamber floor (14), preferably a few centimeters above the chamber floor. Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an der Innenseite zweier gegenüberliegender Seitenwandungen (18, 22) des Kammergehäuses (10) als Vorsprünge (48) ausgebildete Auflager vorgesehen sind.Digging chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that supports formed as projections (48) are provided on the inside of two opposite side walls (18, 22) of the chamber housing (10). Grabkammer nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich der Querschnitt des Innenraums des Kammergehäuses (10) nach unten hin stufenförmig verengt.Digging chamber according to claim 15, characterized in that the cross section of the interior of the chamber housing (10) narrows downwards in a step-like manner. Grabkammer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Deckel (12) eine verschließbare Öffnung (30) zum Zwecke der Urnenbeisetzung ausgebildet ist.Grave chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a closable opening (30) is formed in the cover (12) for the purpose of burying urns.
EP97108164A 1996-05-22 1997-05-20 Burial crypt Expired - Lifetime EP0808966B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29609187U DE29609187U1 (en) 1996-05-22 1996-05-22 Burial chamber
DE29609187U 1996-05-22

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EP0808966A2 true EP0808966A2 (en) 1997-11-26
EP0808966A3 EP0808966A3 (en) 1998-06-03
EP0808966B1 EP0808966B1 (en) 2003-03-26

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AT (1) ATE235631T1 (en)
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WO2000076448A2 (en) * 1999-06-11 2000-12-21 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Method and device for the decomposition of corpses
EP1099809A3 (en) * 1999-11-09 2003-01-15 Günter Ackermann Burial vault

Families Citing this family (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE189030T1 (en) * 1997-06-27 2000-02-15 Schulze Peter Asmus ELEMENT SHAFT TOMB

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US1641124A (en) * 1926-10-04 1927-08-30 Thomas F Cullinan Ventilating system for mausoleums
US2783523A (en) * 1955-10-10 1957-03-05 Halley James Leo Burial vault
DE3150023A1 (en) * 1980-09-20 1983-06-23 Lambert 5401 Dieblich Schäfer Reusable concrete burial vault
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FR2688819A1 (en) * 1992-03-20 1993-09-24 Augival Sa IMPROVEMENTS TO THE DEVICES FOR AERATION OF MORTUARY CELLARS.

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DE2723769A1 (en) * 1977-05-26 1978-12-07 Johann Pfingstgraef Multiple grave unit crypt - has single detachable slab covered access opening for approach to all chambers
FR2461795A1 (en) * 1979-07-18 1981-02-06 Augias Francis Individual burial chamber in concrete box form - has ventilated side and floor cavities with low pressure inner ventilation
DE29606819U1 (en) * 1996-04-03 1996-07-11 Martin, Reinhard, 87736 Böhen Ventilation system for a burial chamber

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1641124A (en) * 1926-10-04 1927-08-30 Thomas F Cullinan Ventilating system for mausoleums
US2783523A (en) * 1955-10-10 1957-03-05 Halley James Leo Burial vault
DE3150023A1 (en) * 1980-09-20 1983-06-23 Lambert 5401 Dieblich Schäfer Reusable concrete burial vault
FR2566037A1 (en) * 1984-06-19 1985-12-20 Sabla Sa Internally ventilated tomb
DE3537367A1 (en) * 1985-10-21 1987-04-23 Gerhard Suckfuell Burial chamber
FR2688819A1 (en) * 1992-03-20 1993-09-24 Augival Sa IMPROVEMENTS TO THE DEVICES FOR AERATION OF MORTUARY CELLARS.

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000076448A2 (en) * 1999-06-11 2000-12-21 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Method and device for the decomposition of corpses
WO2000076448A3 (en) * 1999-06-11 2001-04-05 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Method and device for the decomposition of corpses
EP1099809A3 (en) * 1999-11-09 2003-01-15 Günter Ackermann Burial vault

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0808966B1 (en) 2003-03-26
ATE235631T1 (en) 2003-04-15
DE59709596D1 (en) 2003-04-30
EP0808966A3 (en) 1998-06-03
DE29609187U1 (en) 1996-08-14

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