EP0804325B1 - Process and installation for producing bearing components - Google Patents

Abstract

To produce bearing components from channels (12), the latter are laid one behind another on a working surface (2) to form a plurality of adjoining sections (13) with at least one continuous hollow chamber (14) until a predetermined section (13) length is attained, whereafter reinforcement (16) is inserted into at least one hollow chamber (14) of each section (13), concrete (17) is poured into the chambers (14) containing the reinforcements and bearing components of predetermined length are cut from the sections (13) after the concrete (17) has set. To permit the production of the bearing components while saving time, power and effort with low investment costs, the channels (12) are arranged on the working surface (2) by a fixed placement station (11) and the working surface (2) is moved through the placement station (11) with the channels (12) placed thereon.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing support elements from shell bodies, preferably formed from ceramic material shell bodies on a Work surface one behind the other to form a plurality of side by side strands each having at least one continuous cavity until they are reached a predetermined length of the strands are arranged, then in at least one cavity of each strand is inserted a reinforcement, which with the Reinforced cavities are poured with concrete and after hardening of the concrete can be cut to length from the strands supporting body of predetermined length, the Arrange the shell body on the work surface from a stationary feed station is carried out and the work surface by the posting station taking the there applied shell body is moved and two or more movable work surfaces are arranged parallel to each other and side by side, and a system for Execution of the procedure.

A method of this type and an installation for carrying out the method are known from the DE-A-28 20 039 known. From this document it is also known to have a plant for Execution of the method to perform two days and / or next to a tension track Production of support elements to provide a further span, with a span emptied and the other is occupied. Each lane is here with a feed station Shell body supplied.

The invention has for its object a method of the type described above and to create a system for performing the process, which under optimal Utilization of the work surface a time, energy and energy-saving manufacture of the Allow support elements. In particular, the investment costs for a plant, with which the method according to the invention can be carried out. It is a A particular aim of the invention is to repeat the manufacturing process in a short cycle time and thus to be able to increase productivity compared to known systems.

This object is achieved in that the feed station a Has feeder that from one of the work surfaces after arranging the Shell body on the same to another work surface for laying on Schalenkörpem is moved on the other work surface, and that further the cutting to length the shaped body is carried out from the strands at a stationary cutting station, wherein the strands are moved to the cutting station with the aid of the work surfaces and the Cutting station has a cutting device that goes from work surface to work surface is moved.

According to a preferred embodiment, the work surfaces are immediately before Arranging the shell body composed of partial worktops and are the immediately adjacent subtops moved together, the the part of the worktop that was added last is moved through the feed station. Hereby it is possible to have a particularly stable and stable work surface at proportionate to work with little effort.

The work surfaces are expediently continuous through the stationary feed station movable.

To facilitate the arrangement of the shell body in exactly aligned position and a Slipping of the shell body when moving the work surface from the stationary To prevent feed station, the shell bodies are in at least one strand mutually aligned position by means of at least one with the work surface aligned guide element aligned.

A system for performing the method with two or more in parallel and adjacent work surfaces that extend over a predetermined length, a stationary feed station for the shell body, a pouring device for pouring the same with concrete and a stationary Cutting station, the work surfaces along the Feed station can be moved past, is characterized in that the feed station is a Has feeder for the shell body, the work surface to work surface can be brought, and that the cutting station has a cutting device which by Work surface is movable to work surface.

The work surfaces can preferably be formed from pallets to be arranged one behind the other, the pallets forming the work surfaces along guides on the stationary Feed station can be moved past. This makes the work surfaces particularly stable and stable without the need for special support structures etc.

A pallet stack can preferably be brought into position in the region of the loading station the top pallet can be removed and along the guides following the previously removed pallet can be moved to form a flat work surface.

Another preferred embodiment is characterized in that the pallets in Area of the cutting station are stackable at a stacking station, the last one being the Pallet forming work surface can be brought into position and lowered at the stacking station, whereupon the next following pallet can be positioned over the previously lowered pallet and is also lowerable, and that the side by side, from the one behind the other arranged, poured and coherently hardened shell bodies formed Strands can be conveyed beyond the stacking station of the pallets and the cutting station in Direction of conveyance of the work surfaces is arranged behind the stacking station. This succeeds it, the cutting process, which is effected, for example, by means of a cutting saw, outside the work surface and without soiling the pallets.

It is expedient to align the work station with one that follows the stacking station Guide device for the strands or support elements cut to length from the strands intended.

To promote the pallets and / or to promote the strands are appropriate Conveyor rollers or conveyor rollers are provided. It could also gears, chains or the like. Find use.

According to another advantageous embodiment, is to promote the work surfaces Cable drive provided, preferably an endless cable drive.

The feed station is expediently arranged at a distance from the cutting station corresponds to the predetermined length of the strands, which makes it possible to start with the Cut to length again at the loading station to arrange new pallets and on the new trained worktop to lay shell body before the previously made Strands were removed from the work surface.

According to another preferred embodiment, the feed station and the Cutting station arranged immediately adjacent, preferably from each other - in Longitudinal direction of the work surfaces - what separated by the pallet stacking station has the advantage that the pallet stack does not move from the cutting station to the loading station must and that only a pallet stacking position with the appropriate facilities must be available for lifting and lowering the pallets.

To make it easier to arrange the shell bodies in exactly aligned position, they are Work surfaces with at least one that comes into contact with a shell body Provide guide element.

Preferably, at least one guide element is on each side edge of the Work surfaces are provided, the guide element being in each case as appropriate Direction of movement of the work surfaces extending guide bar is formed. This Embodiment is particularly advantageous when the work surfaces of pallets are formed.

According to a preferred embodiment, guide elements are over the work surface protruding surveys formed, each with only a single shell body in Contact.

Another preferred embodiment is characterized in that the work surfaces are formed by an endless belt, in particular an endless plate belt, and Guide elements are arranged one behind the other at a distance.

The guide element is advantageously integrally formed with the respective work surface.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, with FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate the essence of the invention. 7 and 8 each give the floor plan of Plants according to the invention with several work surfaces lying next to one another again. The remaining figures do not match the claims, but show further details for a better understanding of the invention. Fig. 1 shows further details in a side view and Fig. 2 in a plan view of a investment in a schematic representation. Fig. 3 shows in to Fig. 1 analog representation of a second Investment. Figure 4 illustrates a partial sectional view with section along the line IV-IV of FIG. 1. FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate in a representation analogous to FIGS. 1 and 2 a cutting station. Further Details are shown in FIGS. 9 to 12, with FIG. 9 a cross section of a work surface transversely to its longitudinal extent with applied Shell bodies illustrated. 10, 11 and 12 each show a top view of the worktop covered with shell bodies.

In a system for producing support elements 1, a work surface 2 on which the Support elements 1 are generated, arranged one after the other in abutment Partial work surfaces 3, which are embodied by pallets 3, are formed. These pallets 3 will be positioned on a guideway 4 and rest on both sides of the guideway 4 arranged support rollers 5. In this way it is possible to create a work surface 2 of great length, for example, 100 m in length, to form in a simple manner.

The pallets 3 are removed from a pallet stack 6 at a stacking station 7, wherein the pallet stack 6 can be lifted mechanically or hydraulically in stages, so that the top pallet comes to lie at the level of the guideway 4. By means of an ejector 8 for the uppermost pallet 3 of the pallet stack 6, the uppermost pallet 3 can be one of two mutually opposite rollers 9 formed conveyor station 10 are moved. This Conveyor rollers convey the pallet 3 inserted between you with frictional force and push them onto the guideway 4.

At the beginning of the guideway 4, a stationary feed station 11 is provided at which Shell body 12, such as brick shells, on the moving pallet 3 - this moves either continuously or step-by-step, for example manually. The brick shells 12 are thus one behind the other and side by side imposed that several immediately adjacent strands 13 of such Brick shells 12 are formed.

The cavities 14 of the brick shells 12 lying one behind the other form one for each strand 13 continuous cavity. Laying the brick shells from the side of the Loading station 11 removed brick packs 15 in position will be so long carried out until the working surface 2 is covered with the brick shells over its entire length is. The worker needs the position that is favorable for him when placing the brick shells 12 not to leave the posting station; it only has to be used with a sufficient amount of Brick shells 12 are supplied.

After placing the brick shells 12 over the entire work surface 2 are in the Cavities 14 of the strands 13 introduced reinforcements 16 in a known manner and these biased if necessary. Then the cavities 14 with concrete 17th poured out, for which purpose a concrete trolley along the entire work surface is movable. Thereafter, the drying and hardening of the concrete 17 takes place either naturally or under heating. Inserting the reinforcements 16, pouring concrete 17 and drying is done in a conventional manner.

As soon as the concrete 17 has hardened sufficiently, the strands 13 are cut to length Formation of individual support elements 1 in the desired length. This is advantageously done in this way that the work surface 2 is moved in the direction of a cutting station 18, etc. initially until the first pallet 3 in this direction of movement above a pallet stacking station 19 comes to rest. This pallet 3 is then lowered so far that the next pallet 3 when moving the work surface towards the cutting station 18 this comes to rest. The strands 13 then projecting beyond the stack position 19 are detected by a roller drive 20, which is then for the movement of the strands 13th load-bearing work surface 2, i.e. the strands 13 and the pallets 3, provides.

Just behind the roller drive 20 is a separating device 21, for example with a diamond saw blade 22 is arranged, which is transverse to the longitudinal direction of the Strands 13 is movable while cutting the strands 13. The before Sections of the strands 13 projecting to length beyond the separating device 21 come to lie on a roller table 23, so that the cut parts of the strands 13, ie the Support elements 1 are well supported. The support elements 1 are on the roller table 23rd conveyed further, for example to a packaging station 24.

The cutting station 18 can be at the same end of the work surface 2 as the feed station 11 be arranged or at the opposite end. The first variant has the advantage that only a single pallet stacking station needs to be present - i.e. the stacking station is 7 identical to the stacking station 19 -, whereas the second variant has the advantage that with the beginning of the cutting to the work surface 2, the is then formed by a second pallet stack 6, can be started. The one at the Cutting station 18 is formed pallet stack 6 when he has all pallets 3 of an entire Has work surface 2, brought to the feed station 11.

According to the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the brick shells 12 on one Endless conveyor 25 arranged above the pallet stacking station manually hung up and promoted by means of this to the feed station 11, where it from above and through a be pushed on at an angle to the pallet surface of the last pallet 3 fed in, etc. via a discharge chute 26. This enables the pallets 3 or the pallets 3 formed work surface 2, to be carried out at a uniform speed and any Irregularities when placing the brick shells on the endless conveyor 25 compensate.

In Fig. 7 is an overall plan view of a system according to the invention with several working surfaces 2, 2 ', 2 ", ... arranged side by side and parallel to each other It can be seen from this figure that 2 straight brick shells are on the work surface Brick packs 15 removed and placed on the work surface 2. It is only one Separating device 21 is present, which extends along the transverse to the longitudinal directions of the Work surfaces 2, 2 ', ... extending rail 27 from work surface to work surface is movable. One also transversely to the longitudinal directions of the work surfaces 2, 2 ', ... Movable gripping device 28 is used to pick up and transport the finished Supporting elements 1. All work surfaces 2, 2 ', ... are of a single Concrete mixing plant 29 supplied, etc. over a likewise transverse to the longitudinal directions of the Work surfaces 2, 2 ', ... and also movable in the longitudinal direction of the work surfaces 2, 2' ... Concrete wagon 30, with the help of which the cavities 14 of the strands 13 are poured out. The Brick packs 15 are brought into position by means of a crane runway 31.

The pallets 3 can also be stacked after the strands 13 have been cut to length, in which case the separation process takes place on the pallets 3 (see FIG. 8).

9, the work surface 2 on which support elements are to be produced is either pallets 3 (FIG. 10) or an endless belt 32 (e.g. one flexible conveyor belt), in particular an endless belt 33, which is horizontal arranged deflection rollers is deflected (Fig. 11 and 12), is formed.

All of the work surfaces 2 shown in FIGS. 9 to 12 are on the in Longitudinally extending side edges 34 equipped with guide elements 35, the move with the work surfaces 2. The guide elements 35 are preferably with the work surfaces 2 are integrally formed or rigidly attached to them.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, which is especially for pallets 3 composite work surfaces 2 is advantageous, the guide elements 35 of lateral guide strips each extending over the entire length of a pallet 3 36 formed.

According to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, which in particular of Advantage are if the work surfaces of an endless belt 32 or Continuous plate belt 33 are formed, the guide elements 35 are one behind the other arranged elevations 37, 38 protruding upward above the working surface 2. As shown in Fig. 11, the elevations 37 extend in the longitudinal direction 39 of the Work surface only over a very short distance, but 40 per longitudinal extension Shell body 12 at least two elevations 37 are provided so that the to Edges 34 arranged shell body 12 on at least two elevations 37 support. According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the guide elements 35 formed by short strip-like elevations 38 which either, as shown in FIG. 12, for the purpose of aligning only one shell body 12 approximately in the middle of each shell body 12 come to rest or at the joints of two shell bodies arranged one behind the other 12 can be provided, whereby two shell bodies 12 in alignment with each other Location.

The application of the shell body 12 is done in a simple manner by first of all Side edges 34 of the work surface 2 provided shell body 12 on the work surface 2 applied and placed against the guide elements 35 so that these shell body 12 come to lie exactly in alignment with one another and form a first strand 13. Then the shell bodies 12 lying further inside are formed to form further strands 13 ', 13 " applied to the work surface 2 and to the previously applied shell body 12 created.

The invention is not limited to that shown in the drawing Embodiments, but can be modified in various ways. The Applying the brick shells to the work surface 2 can be done mechanically, so that no manual work is necessary anymore. The drive of the work surface 2 can instead of by the rollers 9 also by a cable drive or by a tooth or Chain drive and by driving the support rollers 5.

The drive of the work surface 2 can also be discontinuous, i.e. be done gradually, whereby a part of it is occupied by the work surface 2 while it is standing still and the work surface 2 is then moved further by this partial area. For support or to guide the work surface 2, i.e. of the pallets 3, slides or Serve as guide rails etc.

Claims (21)

1. A process for producing bearing components (1) from shell bodies (12), preferably shell bodies (12) formed of ceramic material, which are arranged one after another on a working surface (2) under formation of a plurality of strands (13) adjacent to each other and having each at least one continuous hollow space (14) until a predetermined length of the strands (13) is reached, wherein subsequently in at least one hollow space (14) of each strand (13) a reinforcement (16) is inserted, the hollow spaces (14) provided with the reinforcements are filled with concrete (17) and bearing bodies (1) of a predetermined length are broken down from the strands (13) after concrete (17) hardening, wherein the arrangement of the shell bodies (12) on the working surface (2) is carried out from a stationary feeding station (11) and the working surface (2) is moved through the feeding station (11), taking along the shell bodies (12) placed thereon, and two or more movable working surfaces (2, 2', 2",...) are arranged parallel and adjacent to each other, characterized in that the feeding station (11) has a feeding means, which is moved from one of the working surfaces (2, 2', 2",...) after the arrangement of the shell bodies (12) on the same to a further working surface (2, 2', 2",...) for the purpose of placing shell bodies on the further working surface, and that furthermore the breaking-down of the bearing bodies (1) from the strands (13) is carried out at a stationary breaking-down station (18), the strands (13) being moved by aid of the working surfaces (2, 2', 2",...) to the breaking-down station (18) and the breaking-down station (18) having a breaking-down means (21), which is moved from working surface (2, 2', 2",...) to working surface.
2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the working surfaces (2, 2', 2",...) are composed of partial working surfaces (3) immediately before arranging the shell bodies (12) and the partial working surfaces (3), which are directly adjacent to each other, are moved jointly, the partial working surface (3) added last, respectively, being moved by the feeding station (11).
3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the working surfaces (2, 2', 2",...) are movable by the stationary feeding station (11) in a continuous way.
4. A process according to one or several of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the feeding station (11) is continuously charged with shell bodies (12), which are pushed on the working surfaces (2, 2', 2",...) from above and in the longitudinal direction of the strands (13).
5. A process according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the working surfaces (2, 2', 2",...) are divided into partial working surfaces (3) in the area of the breaking-down station (18).
6. A process according to claims 1 and 5, characterized in that the shell bodies (12) of at least one strand (13) are oriented into an aligned position by means of at least one guide element (35) moving with the working surfaces (2, 2', 2",...).
7. An installation for carrying out the process according to one or several of claims 1 to 6, having two or more working surfaces (2) arranged parallel and adjacent to each other and extending over a predetermined length, a stationary feeding station (11) for the shell bodies (12), a casting means for filling the same with concrete, and a stationary breaking-down station (18), wherein the working surfaces (2) can be moved past the feeding station (11), characterized in that the feeding station (11) has a feeding means for the shell bodies (12), which can be brought from working surface (2, 2', 2",...) to working surface (2, 2', 2",...), and that the breaking-down station (18) has a breaking-down means (21), which can be moved from working surface (2, 2', 2",...) to working surface (2, 2', 2",...).
8. An installation according to claim 7, characterized in that the working surfaces (2, 2', 2",...) can be formed of pallets (3) to be arranged one after another, wherein the pallets (3) forming the working surfaces (2, 2', 2",...) can be moved along guides (4) past the stationary feeding station (11).
9. An installation according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that in the area of the feeding station (11) a pile (6) of pallets can be positioned, from which the respective uppermost pallet (3) can be taken and transferred along the guides (4), following the pallet (3) taken previously under formation of a level working surface (2).
10. An installation according to one or several of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the pallets (3) can be piled up at a piling-up station (19) in the area of the breaking-down station (18), wherein the last pallet (3) forming the working surface (2), respectively, can be positioned and lowered at the piling-up station (19), whereupon, above the pallet (3) lowered previously, the next pallet (3) can be positioned and lowered as well, and that the strands (13) adjacent to each other and formed of the shell bodies (12), which are arranged one after another, filled, and collectively hardened, can be conveyed beyond the piling-up station (19) of the pallets (3) and the breaking-down station (18) is arranged in the direction of conveyance of the working surfaces (2, 2', 2",...) behind the piling-up station (19).
11. An installation according to claim 10, characterized in that after the piling-up station (19) a guide means (23) for the strands (13) and/or bearing components (1) broken down from the strands (13) is provided in alignment with the working surfaces (2, 2', 2",...).
12. An installation according to one or several of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that conveying rolls (9, 20) are provided for conveying the working surfaces (2, 2', 2",...), the pallets (3), and/or the strands (13), which rolls can be driven reversibly if necessary.
13. An installation according to one or several of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that a rope drive is provided for conveying the working surfaces (2, 2', 2",...), preferably a continuous rope drive.
14. An installation according to one or several of claims 7 to 13, characterized in that the feeding station (11) is arranged at a distance from the breaking-down station (18), which corresponds to the predetermined length of the strands (13).
15. An installation according to one or several of claims 7 to 14, characterized in that the feeding station (11) and the breaking-down station (18) are arranged directly adjacent to each other and preferably are arranged separated by the piling-up station (19) from each other in the longitudinal direction of the working surfaces (2, 2', 2",...).
16. An installation according to one or several of claims 7 to 15, characterized in that the working surfaces (2, 2', 2",...) are provided with at least one guide element (35) getting into contact with a shell body (12).
17. An installation according to claim 16, characterized in that at least one guide element (35) is provided at each lateral edge (34) of the working surfaces (2, 2', 2",...), respectively.
18. An installation according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the guide element (35) is designed as a guide rail (36) extending in the moving direction of the working surfaces (2, 2', 2",...) (Figs. 9 and 10).
19. An installation according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that guide elements (35) are designed as elevations (37) projecting over the working surfaces (2, 2', 2",...), which get into contact with only one single shell body (12), respectively (Fig. 11).
20. An installation according to one or several of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that the working surfaces (2, 2', 2",...) are formed of an endless conveyor (32), particularly an endless plate conveyor (33), and guide elements (35) are arranged one after another at a distance from each other (Figs. 11 and 12).
21. An installation according to one or several of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that the guide element (35) is designed in an integral form with the respective working surface (2).

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