SK97597A3 - Process and installation for producing bearing components - Google Patents

Abstract

To produce bearing components from channels (12), the latter are laid one behind another on a working surface (2) to form a plurality of adjoining sections (13) with at least one continuous hollow chamber (14) until a predetermined section (13) length is attained, whereafter reinforcement (16) is inserted into at least one hollow chamber (14) of each section (13), concrete (17) is poured into the chambers (14) containing the reinforcements and bearing components of predetermined length are cut from the sections (13) after the concrete (17) has set. To permit the production of the bearing components while saving time, power and effort with low investment costs, the channels (12) are arranged on the working surface (2) by a fixed placement station (11) and the working surface (2) is moved through the placement station (11) with the channels (12) placed thereon.

Description

METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR MANUFACTURING ELEMENTS

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for producing support elements from cup-shaped bodies, preferably ceramic-shaped cup-shaped bodies, which are arranged on a work surface in succession to form a plurality of adjacent at least one through cavity having strips to reach a predetermined strip length. subsequently reinforcing is inserted into at least one cavity of each belt and the reinforced cavities are poured out of the concrete, and after curing of the concrete the support bodies of a predetermined length are shortened and the arrangement of the cup bodies on the work surface is terminated by the loading station; and a device for carrying out the method.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A method of this type as well as an apparatus for carrying out the method are known from DEA 28 20 039. It is further known from this document to provide a apparatus for carrying out the method two-storey and / or next to one tension path for supporting members to provide another tension path. emptied and second loaded. In this case, each tensioning path is supplied by the cup bodies from one loading station.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of the type described above and an apparatus for carrying out the method, which enable optimum utilization of the work surface and the production of carrier elements in a time, energy and power saving manner. In particular, there should be low investment costs for the apparatus with which the method according to the invention can be carried out. It is a particular object of the invention to repeat the manufacturing process in a short period of time, thereby increasing productivity over known devices.

This object is achieved according to the invention by arranging two or more movable working surfaces parallel to each other and side by side and the loading station moves from one of the working surfaces after arranging the cup bodies on it to another work surface in order to load the cup bodies onto the next desktop.

According to a preferred embodiment, the working surfaces immediately before the arrangement of the cup bodies consist of partial working surfaces and the immediately adjacent working surface parts are moved together, the last partial working surface being moved through the loading station. In this way, it is possible to work with a particularly stable and supporting working surface at a comparatively lower cost.

Conveniently, the work surfaces are moved continuously through a loading station arranged in the longitudinal direction of the work surfaces.

In this case, the loading station is continuously loaded with cup bodies which are pushed onto the work surfaces from above and in the longitudinal direction of the belt. As a result, the unevenness in the manual loading of the cup bodies can be easily compensated.

A further advantageous embodiment of the method is characterized in that the shortening of the shaped bodies from the strips is carried out at a shortening station which is stationary in the longitudinal direction of the work surfaces, the strips moving to the shortening station by working surfaces and the shortening station moving from the work surface to the work surface. In the area of the shortening station, the working surfaces are expediently divided into partial working areas. According to this embodiment of the method, immediately after or before the strips are removed from the work surfaces, these can be divided again into partial work surfaces so that these - if the loading station is not directly adjacent to the shortening station - can be brought back immediately to the loading station.

In order to facilitate the arrangement of the cup bodies in a precisely co-axial position and to prevent the cup bodies from slipping as the work surface moves away from the fixed loading station, the cup bodies of the at least one belt are aligned with each other by at least one guide element moving with the work surface.

Apparatus for carrying out the method with a working surface extending over a predetermined length, a loading station for cup bodies which is immovable in the longitudinal direction of the working surface, a pouring device for pouring concrete and a shortening device, the working surface being movable along the loading station , characterized in that two or more work surfaces are arranged parallel to each other and the loading station for the cup bodies can be brought from the work surface to the work surface.

Preferably, the work surfaces are formed from successive pallets, the pallets forming the work surfaces being movable along a guide at the loading station, which is stationary in the longitudinal direction of the work surfaces. This makes the work surfaces particularly supportive and stable without the need for special support structures, etc.

Advantageously, a pallet stack can be brought into position in the region of the loading station, of which the uppermost pallet is removable and usable along the guide when connected to the first pallet removed to form a planar working pallet.

According to a preferred embodiment, the work surfaces are movable to the shortening station, immovable in the longitudinal direction of the work surfaces, whereby the investment costs can be further reduced since the shortening station no longer needs to be movable along the work surface.

Another advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the pallets are stackable in the area of the shortening station in the stacking station, wherein the pallet constituting the last working surface is movable and lowered in the stacking station, and the next pallet can be brought into the same position via the first lowered pallet. and that the side-by-side, spaced, poured and continuously cured tray bodies formed by the belts are transportable through the pallet stacking station and the shortening station is arranged in the conveying direction of the work surface behind the stacking station. In this way, the shortening process, which is carried out, for example, by means of a splitting saw, is carried out outside the work area and without contaminating the pallets.

In this case, a guide device for the belts, respectively arranged downstream of the stacking station, is expediently aligned with the work surfaces. for belts with shortened supporting elements.

Conveying rollers and / or conveyors are expediently provided for the transport of pallets and / or conveyors. conveyor rollers which may be reversibly driven. Gear wheels, chains or the like can also be used.

According to another preferred embodiment, a cable drive, preferably an endless cable drive, is provided for conveying the work surfaces.

Suitably, the loading station is provided at a distance corresponding to a predetermined length of belts from the shortening station, thereby allowing new pallets to be rearranged at the loading station at the loading station and placing the cup bodies on the newly created work surface before they are finished. strips taken from the desktop.

According to another preferred embodiment, the loading stations and the shortening stations are arranged directly next to each other, preferably in the longitudinal direction of the work surfaces - arranged separately by means of a stacking station, with the advantage that the pallet stack does not have to be moved from the shortening station to the loading station. that only one stacking position must be provided for pallets with corresponding pallet lifting and lowering devices.

A particularly advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the belt shortening device is movable from the work surface to the work surface. This results in savings in investment costs and in particular a rational design of the support bodies.

In order to facilitate the arrangement of the cup-shaped bodies in exactly co-axial position, the working surfaces are provided with at least one guide element coming into contact with the cup-shaped body.

Preferably, at least one guide element is provided on each lateral edge of the work surfaces, and the guide element is expediently designed as a guide bar extending in the direction of movement of the work surfaces. This embodiment is particularly advantageous if the work surfaces are pallets.

According to a preferred embodiment, the guide elements are designed as protruding protrusions over the working surface, which come into contact with only one individual cup-shaped body.

A further preferred embodiment is characterized in that the working surfaces are formed by an endless belt, in particular an endless plate belt, and the guide elements are arranged at a distance from one another.

Preferably, the guide element is integrally formed with the work surface.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be further elucidated by means of specific exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings in which it represents

Fig. 1 side view a Fig. 2 a top view of the device according to the first embodiment in a schematic representation, Fig. 3 FIG. 1 shows an analogous representation of a second embodiment of the apparatus, Fig. 4 a partial cross-sectional view along the line IV-IV of FIG. 1, Fig. 5 and 6 FIG. 1 and 2 show an analogous representation of a device according to the invention with a shortening station, Fig. 7 and 8 again a front view of a device according to the invention with a plurality of adjacent working surfaces, Fig. 9 another advantageous embodiment, namely a section of the working surface perpendicular to its longitudinal direction with the cup bodies loaded, Fig. 10 to 12 a top view of the dish-loaded work surface, for a preferred embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

According to an exemplary embodiment of the support member manufacturing apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 and 2, a working surface 2 is formed on which the support elements 1 are produced by means of the partial working surfaces 3, which are pallets 3, which have been reached on one another. These pallets 3 are brought into position on the guide track 4 and rested on both sides of the guide track. Thus, work surfaces 2 of long length, for example with a length of 100 m, are easy to produce.

The pallets 3 are removed from the pallet stack 6 at the stacking station 7, wherein the pallet stack 6 can be lifted mechanically or hydraulically so that the highest pallet reaches the height of the guide track 4. By means of the ejector 8 for the pallet stack upper pallet 3 These conveying rollers convey a pallet 3 inserted therefrom by frictional force and move it to the conveying track 4.

At the beginning of the guide track 4, a stationary loading station 11 is provided, in which the pallets 3 movable side by side - these are moved either continuously or in steps - for example manually, cup-shaped bodies 12, such as brick trays. The brick trays are laid side by side and one after the other so that multiple brick belts 13 are formed directly from these brick trays 12.

The cavities 14 of the successive brick trays 12 form the passage cavity strip 13. The loading of the brick trays, which are removed from the lateral position to the loading station 11 of the treated brick package 15, is carried out until the work surface 2 has been fitted over the entire length of the brick trays. The operator does not have to leave the position at the loading station suitable for him when loading the brick trays 12; it must only be supplied with a sufficient quantity of brick trays 12.

After the brick trays 12 have been loaded over the entire length of the work surface 2, a reinforcement 16 is introduced into the cavities 14 of the belts 13 in a known manner and, if necessary, biased. Finally, the cavities 14 are poured out of the concrete, for which a concrete trolley is expedient along the entire length of the work surface. Drying is then carried out to cure the concrete 17 either naturally or with heating. The reinforcement 16, the concrete 17 and the drying are carried out in the usual manner.

Once the concrete 17 has sufficiently hardened, the strips 13 are shortened to form the individual support elements 1 of the desired length. This is preferably done so that the work surface 2 moves in the direction of the shortening station 18, and so far as far as the first pallet 3 arrives in the position above the pallet stacking station 19. This pallet 3 is then lowered so that the next the pallet 3 will rest on it as the work surface moves further towards the shortening station 18. Over the stacking surface 19, the overlapping belts 13 are then captured by a roller drive, which then takes care of the movement of the work surface 2 carrying the belts 13, i. belts and pallets.

Adjacent to the roller drive 20 is a separating device which is, for example, provided with a diamond cutting blade 22 which is movable perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the belts 13 while cutting the belts 13. Before the shortening through the separating device 21 so that the shortened portions of the belts 13, i.e. the supporting elements J, are well supported. The support elements 1 are further conveyed via a roller conveyor 23, for example to a packaging station 24.

The shortening station 18 may be arranged at the same end of the work surface 2 as the loading station 11 or at the opposite end. The first variant has the advantage that only one pallet stacking station has to be provided - i. the stacking station 7 is identical to the stacking station 19 - while the second variant has the advantage that the starting of shortening can be re-started with the work surface 2, which is then formed by the second pallet stack 6. At the shortening station 18 the pallet stack 18 is formed. if it has all pallets 3 of the entire work surface 2 fed to the loading station 11.

According to the embodiment of FIG. 3 with brick bowl 1? load manually over the pallet stacking station arranged by the infinite conveying device and convey it to the loading station 11 where they are pushed from above and through the inclined to the pallet surface by the last pallet 3 through the drain member 26. This ensures that the pallets 3, respectively. The working surface 2 is formed by the pallets 3, the uniform speed comes out and eventually compensates for unevenness when loading the brick trays onto the endless conveying device 25.

In FIG. 7 shows an overall front view of a device with a plurality of side-by-side working surfaces 2, Z, 22, ... arranged parallel to one another. As can be seen from this figure, brick trays 2 are removed from the work surface 2 and placed on the work surface 2. Only one separating device 21 is provided, which is movable along perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the work surfaces 2, Z, ... of the extending track 27 from the work surface to the work surface. At the same time perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the work surfaces 2, 2, ... the mobile gripping device 28 serves to receive and transport the finished support elements J. All work surfaces 2, Z, ... are supplied from a single concrete mixing device 29, via equally perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the work surfaces 2, Z, ... and also in the longitudinal direction of the work surfaces 2, Z,

... a trolley 30 for concrete 17 by means of which the cavities 14 of the belts 13 are poured out. The brick bales 15 are brought into position by means of a crane track 31.

The stacking of the pallets 3 can also be carried out after the strips 13 have been shortened, in which case the separation process is carried out on the pallets 3 (cf. FIG. 8).

According to FIG. 9, the work surface 2 on which the support elements are to be produced consists of either the pallets 3 (FIG. 10) or an endless belt 32 (e.g., a flexible conveyor belt), in particular an endless plate belt 33, which is wrapped over the horizontal the guide rollers (FIGS. 11 and 12).

All in FIG. The working surfaces 2 shown in FIGS. 9 to 12 are provided on the lateral edges 34 extending in the longitudinal direction with guides 35 which move with the work surfaces 2. Preferably, these work surface guide guides 35 are integrally formed or fixed thereto.

Referring to FIG. 10 of the illustrated embodiment, which is particularly advantageous for work surfaces 2 made of pallets 3, the guide elements 35 are formed by guide rails 36 which extend laterally over the entire length of one pallet 3.

According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 11 and 12, which are particularly advantageous when the work surfaces are formed by an endless belt 23 or an endless plate belt 33, the guide elements 35 are formed of successive elevations 37, 38 extending over the work surface 2. As shown in FIG. . 11, the elevations 37 extend in the longitudinal direction 39 of the work surface only over a very short distance, but at least two elevations 40 are provided for the longitudinal span 40 of the cup body 12 so that the cup bodies 12 are arranged at the edges 34. 37. According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the guide elements 35 are formed by short slats 38 which either, as shown in FIG. 12, in order to direct only one cup-shaped body 12, in a position lying approximately the center of just one cup-shaped body 12, or they can be arranged at the stopping points of two successive cup-shaped bodies 12, thereby bringing exactly two cup-shaped bodies 12 into coaxial position .

Loading of the cup bodies 12 is effected in a simple manner in which the cup surfaces 12 are first loaded onto the work surface 2 at the side edges 34 of the work surface 2 and are placed against the guide element 35 so that the cup bodies 12 are exactly coaxial and form. the first waistband 13 is then loaded. Next, the inwardly facing cup bodies 12 are formed to form additional strips 13 ', 13 on the work surface 2 so as to abut the first loaded cup bodies 12.

The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures, but may be varied in various respects. Loading of the brick trays onto the work surface 2 can be carried out by machine, so that no manual work is required anymore. The drive of the working surface 2 can be secured instead of the rollers 9 by means of a rope drive or also a gear or chain drive as well as by means of support rollers 5.

The drive of the work surface 2 can also be secured continuously, i. in a stepwise manner, during which the work area 2 is loaded in its part section and the work area 2 is subsequently further shifted by this section. For support, respectively. for guiding the work surface 2, i. 3, sliding tracks or guide rails, etc. may also serve.

P K

Claims (24)

Method for producing support elements (1) from cup-shaped bodies (12), preferably of ceramic material of cup-shaped bodies (12), which are arranged on the work surface (2) in succession to form a plurality of adjacent, at least one through cavity (14) having belts (13) up to a predetermined length of belt (13), wherein at least one cavity (14) of each belt (13) is subsequently loaded with reinforcement (16) and reinforced (14) provided with cavities (14) poured by concrete (17), and after curing of the concrete (17), the strips (13) of the support bodies (1) of a predetermined length are shortened, and wherein the arrangement of the cup bodies (12) on the work surface (2) is carried out by the loading station (11). ) and the work surface (2) is moved by the loading station (11) with the cup bodies (12) contained therein, characterized in that two or more movable working surfaces (2, 2 ', 2, ...) are arranged relative to each other. in parallel and nal side by side and the loading station (11) moves from one of the working surfaces (2, 2 ', 2, ...) to the arrangement of the cup bodies (12) thereon to the other working surface (2, 2', 2, 2). ..) to load the cup bodies onto the next work surface. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the work surfaces (2) consist of partial work surfaces (3) immediately prior to the arrangement of the cup bodies (12) and the immediately adjacent work surface parts (3) move together, the last The work surface (3) moves through the loading station (11). Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the work surfaces (2, 2 ', 2, ...) are movable continuously through a loading station arranged in the longitudinal direction of the work surfaces (2, 2', 2 '). ..). Method according to one or more of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the loading station (11) is continuously loaded by the cup bodies (12) which are pushed onto the work surfaces (2, 2 ', 2, ...). from above and in the longitudinal direction of the belt (13). Method according to one or more of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the shortening of the shaped bodies (1) from the belts (13) is carried out at a shortening station (18) which is in the longitudinal direction of the work surfaces (2, 2 '). , 2, ...) stationary, wherein the belts (13) are moved to the shortening station by means of work surfaces (2, 2 ', 2, ...) and the shortening station (18) moves away from the work surface (2, 2). ', 2, ...) to the desktop (2, 2', 2 '', ...). Method according to claims 2 and 5, characterized in that the work surfaces (2, 2 ‘, 2, ...) are divided into partial work surfaces (3) in the region of the shortening station (18). Method according to claims 1 and 6, characterized in that the cup-shaped bodies (12) of the at least one strip (13) are aligned with each other by means of at least one guide element (35) movable with the work surface (2, 2 '). , 2, ...). Device for carrying out the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, with a working surface (2) extending over a predetermined length, with a loading station (11) for the cup bodies (12), which is in the longitudinal direction of the working surface (2). 2) stationary, with a pouring device for pouring them with concrete and with a shortening device, the working surface (2) being movable along the loading station (11), characterized in that two or more working surfaces (2, 2 ', 2) are arranged , ...) parallel to one another and the loading station (11) for the cup bodies (12) can be brought from the work surface to the work surface. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the work surfaces (2, 2 ', 2, ...) can be formed from successively arranged pallets (3), the pallets (3) forming the work surfaces (2, 2') , 2, ...) are movable along the guide (4) of the loading station (11), which is immovable in the longitudinal direction of the work surfaces (2, 2 ', 2, ...). Device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that a pallet stack (6) can be brought into position in the region of the loading station (11), from which the uppermost pallet (3) is removable and usable along the guide (4) when connected to first picking up the pallet (3) to form a planar work surface (2). ý? Y / Apparatus according to one or more of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the work surfaces (2, 2 ', 2, ...) are movable to a shortening station (18) immovable in the longitudinal direction of the work surfaces (2, 2', 2 '). 2 ', 2, ...). Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the pallets (3) are stackable in the area of the shortening station (18) in the stacking station (19), the pallet (3) constituting the last working surface (2) being in the stacking station (18). 19) can be brought into position and lowered, whereupon the next pallet (3) can be brought through the first lowered pallet (3) to the same position and lowerable and that adjacent strips formed from one another, poured and continuously cured bowl bodies (12) formed by strips (13) are transportable through the stacking station (19) of the pallets (3) and the shortening station (18) is arranged in the conveying direction of the work surface (2, 2 ', 2, ...) downstream of the stacking station (19). Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that a guide device (23) for the belts (13) and (13) is arranged coaxially with the work surfaces (2, 2 ', 2, ...). for the strips (13) the shortened support elements (1). Apparatus according to one or more of Claims 8 to 13, characterized in that conveyors (2, 2 ', 2, ...) of pallets (3) and / or conveyors (13) are provided with conveying means. pulleys, respectively. conveyor rollers (9, 20), which are optionally reversible. Device according to one or more of Claims 8 to 13, characterized in that a cable drive, preferably an endless cable drive, is provided for conveying the work surfaces (2, 2 ', 2, ...). Device according to one or more of Claims 8 to 15, characterized in that the loading station (11) is arranged at a distance corresponding to a predetermined length of the belts (13) from the shortening station (18). Device according to one or more of claims 8 to 16, characterized in that the loading station (11) and the shortening station (18) are arranged Kj immediately adjacent to each other, preferably in the longitudinal direction of the work surfaces (2, 2 ', 2, ...) - are arranged separately by means of a stacking station (19). Device according to one or more of claims 8 to 17, characterized in that the shortening device (21) for the belts (13) is movable from the work surface (2, 2 ', 2, ...) to the work surface (2). , 2 ', 2, ...). Device according to one or more of claims 8 to 18, characterized in that the work surfaces (2, 2 ', 2, ...) are provided with at least one guide element (35) coming into contact with the cup-shaped body (12). ). Device according to claim 19, characterized in that at least one guide element (35) is provided on each side edge (34) of the work surfaces (2, 2 ', 2, ...). 21. The apparatus of claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the guide element (35) is designed as a guide strip (36) extending in the direction of the working surfaces (2, 2 ^1, 2, ...) (FIG. 9 and 10). Apparatus according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the guide elements (35) are designed as protruding ridges (37), which come into contact only with the work surfaces (2, 2 ', 2, ...). one separate cup-shaped body (12) (Fig. 11). Device according to one or more of Claims 19 to 22, characterized in that the work surfaces (2, 2 ', 2, ...) are formed by an endless belt (32), in particular an endless plate belt (33) and guide elements. (35) are spaced from one another (FIGS. 11 and 12). Device according to one or more of claims 19 to 23, characterized in that the guide element (35) is integrally formed with the work surface (2).