Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
  • E04B1/161—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with vertical and horizontal slabs, both being partially cast in situ

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for producing unfinished buildings according to the preamble of claim 1 and a building according to the preamble of claim 11.
• concrete is brought to the construction site as ready-mixed concrete, ie a large part of the water is transported.
• Concrete has a high specific weight and requires a correspondingly strong formwork, which is constructed in such a way that individual components are poured so that joints are present which can later cause problems. Apart from this it takes some time until concrete can be hardened and removed sufficiently, which means that the construction time is correspondingly long. After all, concrete does not offer good sound insulation, its thermal insulation is relatively low and it creates a poor living environment because its moisture absorption is poor. This means that such buildings are generally reluctant to be inhabited.
• walls can still be produced most cost-effectively using sand-lime bricks, which, however, also pose problems at least with regard to thermal insulation.
• the object of the invention is to provide a method according to the preamble of claim 1 or a building according to the preamble of claim 11, which can be carried out or constructed more quickly and more cost-effectively.
• Foam gypsum is used as the casting compound for the load-bearing walls, which is prepared at the construction site and poured without joints.
• Foam plaster is also preferably used for the production of ceilings, although normal concrete ceilings can also be installed.
• the foam gypsum mass is preferably produced using calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, at least as the main part of the gypsum.
• gypsum recrystallized from calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate can advantageously be used from power plant desulfurization plants.
• Calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate very quickly leads to very high strengths, which can be increased by adding blastfurnace slag.
• the foam gypsum mass is expediently produced using a prefabricated foam, a foam with pores having a size in the range from approximately 50 to 200 ⁇ m being advantageously used.
• the proportion of pores in the foam gypsum composition is preferably in the range from 40 to 60% by volume. Reinforcing fibers can also be added to the foam gypsum mass.
• Mats and bars are suitable as reinforcement for the load-bearing walls and / or stiffening skeletons made of metal or other materials. If necessary, a wooden skeleton can also be used.
• a frame-like skeleton made of steel profiles double-T, L or box profiles
• individual, optionally prefabricated parts being connected to one another by screwing and / or welding.
• a spatial truss is particularly suitable as reinforcement for the ceiling, which consists, for example, of parallel steel bars of a diameter of approximately 12 to 20 mm arranged in two horizontal planes, which are connected to one another by cross struts made of steel bars with a smaller diameter.
• the shell of the building includes a concrete floor slab, where appropriate, on which the storeys are built. First of all, formwork and reinforcement are arranged on the floor slab, at least for the load-bearing, possibly also for non-load-bearing walls of a first floor. If a skeleton is used as reinforcement for this, it is first built up and then the formwork installed.
• Installation lines for domestic technology are expediently already installed in the formwork.
• both window and door frames can already be installed in the formwork.
• foam gypsum has a significantly lower specific weight, on the order of about 600 to 800 g / cm 3 , than concrete made with Portland cement, the formwork can be much weaker and therefore less expensive than necessary for concrete walls. In addition, it can be installed in such a way that the foam plaster can be poured seamlessly.
• the foam gypsum mass is prepared at the construction site, which, as a result of the foaming from a relatively small mass of gypsum to be transported to the construction site, advantageously results in a relatively large casting mass volume, while when transporting ready-mixed concrete, the entire, heavier mass to be poured, including the water, is created is to be transported.
• the encapsulated foam plaster hardens particularly when used of calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate compared to concrete very quickly, so that after about an hour the formwork can be removed. This enables the shell to be erected in an extremely short time.
• a formwork is installed for the ceiling to be arranged above, on which reinforcement for the ceiling is arranged. Then the blanket is poured and can also be removed after about an hour.
• the ceiling can also be cast in two layers if underfloor heating is to be integrated, the heat flow of which is limited at the bottom by a heat insulation layer.
• the load-bearing function can be partially or largely taken over by the reinforcement skeleton of the walls or the spatial framework of the ceiling, while the foam plaster then serves as a filler.
• Additional storeys can then be made accordingly by switching on storeys by storey and pouring the foam plaster compound without joints.
• Such a building with a shell made of foam plaster does not require any interior plaster, but only external weather protection, possibly combined with thermal insulation, i.e. an exterior plaster and insulation combination.
• Retrofitting or laying installations is also much easier with foam plaster than with normal masonry or even concrete.
• Foam gypsum offers very good sound insulation, very good thermal insulation and is also able to absorb room moisture and thus ensure a pleasant room climate.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
• Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=7792545

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Families Citing this family (2)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 1996
  • 1996-04-26 DE DE19616734A patent/DE19616734A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1997
  • 1997-04-18 EP EP97106489A patent/EP0803616A3/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1997-04-21 PL PL97319568A patent/PL319568A1/xx unknown
  • 1997-04-22 CZ CZ971224A patent/CZ122497A3/cs unknown

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