Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
  • D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
  • D21H19/38—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments
  • D21H19/385—Oxides, hydroxides or carbonates
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
  • D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
  • D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
  • D21H19/50—Proteins
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
  • D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
  • D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
  • D21H19/54—Starch
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
  • D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
  • D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
  • D21H19/56—Macromolecular organic compounds or oligomers thereof obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D21H19/58—Polymers or oligomers of diolefins, aromatic vinyl monomers or unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
  • D21H21/50—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by form
  • D21H21/52—Additives of definite length or shape

Definitions

• the invention relates to coated web printing paper suitable for printing with coldset offset printing inks.
• the invention further relates to the use of such paper.
• Standard newsprint paper meets the conditions for a sufficiently quick drying of coldset inks, as is well known, the quality of the print image on newsprint paper however limited. Standard newsprint is an uncoated, so-called natural paper. Its pore volume is therefore not covered by a coating that could prevent the printing ink emulsifiers from striking away.
• Rotary printing presses for newspaper printing are usually only used for a limited time of the day. It would therefore make sense to occupy such expensive systems with other print jobs, especially from the commercial sector, during the available idle times. For such orders, be it brochure inserts or the like, a higher quality of the printed image is generally required, especially in multi-color printing, than is possible on a standard newsprint paper.
• improved newsprint papers for the purpose mentioned, which are in the quality range of SC papers (super caelered), namely highly satinized papers as used for heatset offset printing. or even penetrate into the area of LWC papers (low weight coated) as coated papers.
• previous attempts have not been successful in gaining market acceptance.
• EP-A-0 377 983 describes a coated newsprint paper whose coldset suitability is to be achieved in that the coating pigment contains a certain minimum proportion of acicular pigments and overall has at least a certain oil absorption value. It is not yet known that such paper has found its way onto the market. Acicular pigments such as satin white, precipitated calcium carbonates and delaminated or structured kaolins, as suggested in the publication, are generally very expensive. In addition, due to their structure, they require a high amount of binder, which further increases the manufacturing costs.
• the invention is based on the object of providing an economically producible, coated roll printing paper which is suitable for printing with coldset inks, optically stands out from the normal newsprint paper and, moreover, can be processed at the printing speeds such as those used in offset printing. Newspaper printing or on the machines provided for this purpose are common.
• the ink path behavior has turned out to be partial proven depending on the machine type. For example, in printing tests, it was found that, in certain types of machines, not too slow ink stripping but rather too fast ink stripping into the surface of the paper can lead to color pigment deposits on the rollers following a printing unit. Now you can Influence ink path impact time, inter alia, by the structure and composition of the coating pigment in a manner which, on the other hand, has little influence on the water absorption capacity of the paper. A comprehensive characterization of the coldset suitability of coated printing papers solely by means of the coating composition therefore encounters difficulties. Accordingly, the coldset suitability of coated web printing paper is primarily characterized by its water absorption capacity and, in addition, by the ink loss behavior.
• a paper In order to be able to be printed at all in the offset process, a paper must also have a corresponding surface pick resistance in a conventional manner. There are certain test methods for this, but they have the disadvantage that the test results are generally only assessed visually based on experience. However, comparisons make it easy to objectively determine whether or not a paper in question has this offset suitability with regard to the picking test.
• the test printing machine System Dr. Dürner, the company strigbau Dr.-Ing. Herbert Dürner in Peissenberg. With this device, processes of the printing process are imitated.
• the dry pick test printing ink is transferred to a paper strip in a printing unit with increasing printing speed. The forces exerted on the paper surface increase with increasing printing speed.
• the test strip is moistened in a first printing step and printed with a constant printing speed in a second printing step.
• the print image on the test strip shows whether the surface binding of the paper under the influence of moisture is sufficient when printing.
• the immediate water absorption capacity of a paper surface was determined using the "FIBRO 1100 Dynamic Absorption Tester" from FIBRO-System AB, Sweden. With this measuring method, a drop of liquid, here distilled water, is brought onto the sample surface and the contact angle of this drop is measured after certain times. In this description the contact angles are given after 2 seconds. Brief descriptions of the test method are attached to this description as Appendix A.
• a test method for determining the immediate water absorption of a paper sample which was introduced after the priority date and characterizes essentially the same paper properties, but is apparently more reproducible according to previous experience, consists in immersing the sample in water under defined conditions and measuring the change in the ultrasound transmission of this system becomes. Insofar as other parameters are kept constant, the change in the ultrasound transmission provides a measure of the penetration of the water into the paper sample. Reproducibility is better because this test covers a larger sample area.
• the DPM 27 dynamic penetration measuring device from emco Elektronische Meß- und Steuerungstechnik GmbH in 04347 für, Gorkistrasse 31 is used to measure the immediate water absorption or penetration of a paper sample by means of ultrasound transmission .
• the change in the ultrasound transmission value is measured over time, starting from the measured value of the sample at the start of the measurement, which is set to 100%. At each point in time, the measured value is given as a percentage of the initial value set equal to 100%.
• this is a dynamic test, in which a curve of the transmission behavior over the Time is applied. This curve drops steeply for the paper types considered here, then bends and approaches measurement values over 6 seconds more or less asymptotically to a certain transmission value.
• a prerequisite for the coldset suitability of coated web printing paper is that the contact angle determination with the FIBRO test gives a value of ⁇ 70 ° after 2 seconds. Better results are achieved if the contact angle is ⁇ 55 ° after this time.
• Standard newsprint has, for example, a value of only about 42 ° after 2 seconds.
• Such natural paper has a high wetting behavior, which, however, cannot usually be achieved with coated paper.
• the coldset suitability of a paper is given if a value of 85-25% results after 1 sec, but preferably a value in the narrower range of 70-30%.
• the papers according to the invention After a measuring time of 3 seconds, the papers according to the invention generally have values in the range of 55-30% in the emco test and values of 40-30% in a narrower range.
• the parameter of the contact angle determination according to the FIBRO test was made as a broader classification as the main feature of the claims.
• the ultrasound transmission determination according to the Emco test is a formally different parameter, but, insofar as this is the case here described problem solution is characterized, practically the same properties of the paper characterized.
• the claimed limits for the Emco test are therefore also considered to be the basis of the invention independently of the feature of the contact angle determination according to the FIBRO test.
• the further feature for identifying the paper according to the invention which relates not only to the printability as such in the coldset process, but also to the processability of the paper in corresponding printing press types, is its ink path behavior.
• a displacement test modified in the applicant's company is also carried out, also using the multi-purpose test printing machine, System Dr. Dürner, the company strigbau Dr.-Ing. Herbert Dürner, Peissenberg, used.
• the throw-away test produces a test print with a standard printing ink under defined conditions, which is brought into contact with a counter paper after a defined time under pressure.
• the ink intensity printed on the counter paper is measured with a densitometer.
• Appendix B Brief information about the test method is attached to this description as Appendix B.
• the ink deflection values of the paper according to the invention should be between 1.1 and 0.25. Very good results are generally achieved with values in the narrower range from 0.8 to 0.3.
• Fine-particle pigments in the coating composition generally accelerate the drying of the printing ink (shortening of the stroke time, expressed by a lower densitometer value) and the water absorption.
• the person skilled in the art therefore has the choice or mixture of the pigment granules in hand to control both sizes according to the invention influence.
• the binder chosen for the coating color is preferably highly active synthetic binder, if possible in combination with polyvinyl alcohol.
• the binder for such a coating color can consist of 4.5 to 5.5% synthetic binder and between 1 and 4% PVA, based on the coating pigment.
• binders in the coating recipe, for example by adding 0.5 to 1.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), depending on the composition of the coating pigment. If starch, in the range of about 2-6% by weight, is added to the binder to delay the ink drying time, this can also have an influence on the water absorption capacity. In order to obtain this, the fineness of the coating pigment must be adjusted if necessary.
• Another effective way of increasing the water absorption capacity is to add up to 25% by weight of a swellable pigment, preferably a sodium bentonite, to the coating pigment.
• the binder content in the coating color should not exceed 15% by weight, based on the coating pigment.
• the higher values below this limit come into question if starch and / or CMC are used in addition to synthetic binders.
• binders are generally used in paper coating, the order of which indicates the decreasing binding effect: plastic dispersions (for example styrene-butadiene, acrylate, styrene-acrylate), polyvinyl alcohol, protein or casein, starch.
• plastic dispersions for example styrene-butadiene, acrylate, styrene-acrylate
• polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl alcohol
• protein or casein starch.
• the plastic dispersions mentioned are highly active binders, also in combination with PVA.
• the addition of a crosslinking agent may be required for certain binders. If in certain applications only highly active synthetic binders are used, the total binder content can be below 11% by weight, based on the coating pigment type, are preferably even below 9.5% by weight.
• PVA In addition to its binding power, PVA also has the property of irreversibly mounting on surfaces which have a relatively inert reactivity, as is the case with the calcium carbonate used in the context of the invention.
• the binder proportions can be as follows: Plastic binder 3 - 10% by weight PVA 0 - 5% by weight protein 0 - 5% by weight Strength 0 - 5% by weight CMC 0-2% by weight
• the proportion of calcium carbonate in the coating pigment should be at least 50% by weight. However, higher proportions of at least 70% by weight are preferred. It is quite possible that the entire coating pigment consists of calcium carbonate. However, up to about 20% by weight aluminum hydroxide and up to max. 50 wt .-% kaolin in question, as well as mixtures of these pigments. As already mentioned above, the properties of the coating color and of the finished coating, if desired, can be positively influenced by adding an amount of a swellable layered silicate to the coating pigment, in particular a sodium bentonite.
• the proportion of pigment particles should be ⁇ 2 ⁇ m, but not less than 60 or 65% by weight. If a coating pigment contains a majority of a calcium carbonate whose degree of fineness is only 60% by weight ⁇ 2 ⁇ m, the degree of fineness can be increased by adding finer blending pigments, for example kaolin or aluminum hydroxide. As standard, a calcium carbonate with a fineness of 70% ⁇ 2 ⁇ m can be used, to which certain amounts of a sodium bentonite or another blending pigment have been added.
• the coating colors used can contain conventional additives such as up to 1.5% by weight melamine formaldehyde resin as a wet strength agent, up to 0.4% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a solution, optical brighteners and / or chemicals for adjusting the pH, such as NaOH contain.
• conventional additives such as up to 1.5% by weight melamine formaldehyde resin as a wet strength agent, up to 0.4% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a solution, optical brighteners and / or chemicals for adjusting the pH, such as NaOH contain.
• types C60 HS, C70 and C90 HS from ECC International are suitable for the invention and are available on the market on a large scale, ground, natural calcium carbonates.
• the quality C60 HS has a share of 63 ⁇ 3% by weight ⁇ 2 ⁇ m, a maximum of 2% by weight> 10 ⁇ m and a maximum of 0.01% by weight> 45 ⁇ m.
• the quality C90 HS contains 90 ⁇ 3% by weight ⁇ 2 ⁇ m, a maximum of 1% by weight> 10 ⁇ m and a maximum of 0.01% by weight> 45 ⁇ m. These grades are supplied as slurries with a solids content of 78 ⁇ 1% by weight. Another manufacturer of suitable calcium carbonate grades is Omya.
• the coating colors according to the invention are processed in an aqueous slurry at solids contents of 30-65% by weight of a dry mass.
• the application process includes doctor application processes such as inverted blade, jet flow and roller application devices such as the Massey coater, and film presses such as the Jagenberg film press, the Speedsizer or the Metering Size Press from Beloit in question.
• the paper according to the invention is therefore essentially independent of the type of line application method, although one or the other application method can lead to a better result under certain conditions.
• doctor coating processes equalize the paper surface and therefore locally lead to differently thick line application, while roller coating devices tend to produce a uniform line application, which can be positive for the ink path behavior under certain circumstances.
• Gentle line drying can also be important so that undesired binder migration phenomena do not impair the desired uniform microcapillarity of the line application.
• line quantities intended to be dry are applied to the base paper with a mass per unit area of more than 4 g / m 2 and side. Area-based masses of 7-12 g / m 2 and side are preferred, typically about 8 g / m 2 and side.
• the invention is not limited to simply coated papers. It is also applicable to double coated papers. Double strokes are based on a mass per unit area of at least 15 g / m 2 and side, typically 20 g / m 2 and side, the coating slip being distributed approximately evenly between the two coat orders.
• the top coat is obviously decisive for the properties of the paper according to the invention. If, within the scope of this description, there is talk of a stroke application without this being specified, the single stroke application is meant for single-coated papers and, as a rule, the cover stroke for double-coated papers.
• the primer at the double dash is always expressly designated as such in the context of this description. The primer can have a different composition from the top coat.
• the invention is not restricted to the use of a specific raw paper. Both wood-free and wood-containing base papers and those with a significant proportion of processed waste paper fibers can be used.
• a wood-free base paper is suitable, the input of which for paper production in dry parts is about 78% pulp, about 20% mineral filler, divided into 15% calcium carbonate, 2.5% kaolin and 2.5% talc, about 1% starch and contains about 1% other aids.
• wood-containing base papers are preferred, which also contain a proportion of processed waste paper fibers. Wood-containing base papers generally also have printing advantages, for example higher opacity.
• the fiber input for a raw paper containing wood and waste paper can, for example, consist of about 20% cellulose, 20% wood pulp and 60% waste paper based on dry total fiber. Based on fibrous material, the material input can also contain up to about 50% mineral filler, which corresponds to approximately 1/3 of the material composition. As is well known, this amount of filler does not remain completely in the paper during the manufacturing process, but partly gets into the process water.
• wood pulp as a fiber component it can be all those substances which are usually understood by this expression in paper technology, namely for example wood pulp, thermomechanical Wood pulp (TMP), chemical-thermal-mechanical wood pulp (CTMP) etc.
• TMP thermomechanical Wood pulp
• CMP chemical-thermal-mechanical wood pulp
• the dimensional stability of the paper is, in addition to satisfactory drying of the printing inks, the dimensional stability of the paper. Since water also penetrates into the base paper bearing the line when the coldset printing inks are knocked away, this has an influence on the fiber bond to one another and thus influences the dimensional stability of the paper. This influence is stronger compared to normal newsprint natural paper, since in the case of coated paper with a comparable mass per unit area, the base paper as the backing paper for the coating has only a correspondingly lower mass fraction, i.e. the base paper is thinner.
• the dimensional stability of a paper under the influence of moisture can be improved by additives, for example starch. It is common to add about 0.5% starch to a raw paper entry.
• the dimensional stability may already be sufficient for their use in the coldset printing process without starch being added to the base paper at all. Because of the predominant fiber orientation in the production direction, i.e. In the longitudinal direction of the paper, the shortcomings in the dimensional stability consist essentially in a transverse contraction, which is further increased by the paper draw in the processing machine.
• the papers according to the invention affected here are in particular unsatinated or only very weakly satined papers with Bekk smoothness values of between about 10 and 50 seconds. These are so-called slightly satin or matt qualities.
• a high calendering of the paper according to the invention would not only reduce the pick resistance of the surface required for printing suitability due to the relatively low proportion of binder in the line, it the microcapillarity required to dry the coldset inks could also be lost.
• a base paper was produced from the following material input at a machine speed of about 1200 m / min: Stock entry of raw paper Wood sanding 12.3% cellulose 13.0% Waste paper 40.0% filler 33.0% Highly cationic strength 1.5% Retention aid 0.2% 100% Test data of the raw paper area based size 40.3 g / m 2 Filler content 15.2% Longitudinal breaking load 41.8 N Breaking load across 11.8 N Fiber orientation across to lengthways 1: 3.5 brightness 73.5% volume 1.538 cm 3 / g
• the base paper according to Example 1 was coated with a line application of the following composition: Coating pigments nat. CaC0 3 95% ⁇ 2 ⁇ m 80% Al (OH) 3 98% ⁇ 2 ⁇ m 20% 100% Binders and additives, based on coating pigments Styrene-acrylic binder 10% Starch solution 3.0% CMC solution 0.25% Melamine formaldehyde resin 0.8% Optical brighteners 1.3%
• the coating had a mass per unit area of about 8 g / m 2 and side.
• the following measurement data resulted on the finished paper: area based size 56.5 g / m 2 Ash after annealing at 600 ° C 35.3% volume 1.18 cm 3 / g Smoothness according to Bekk's top 22 seconds Smoothness after Bekk bottom 15 seconds FIBRO test contact angle after 2 sec. 58 ° Displacement value at 30 sec. 0.42
• the base paper according to Example 1 was coated with a coating slip of the following composition: Coating pigment nat. CaC0 3 90% ⁇ 2 ⁇ m 100% Binder and additives, based on coating pigment Butadiene styrene binder 5.0% PVA solution 3.5% Melamine formaldehyde resin 1.3% Optical brightener 1.3%
• the paper had the following surface properties: FIBRO test contact angle after 2 sec. 45 ° Displacement value after 30 sec. 0.50
• the remaining test data corresponded to the paper according to example 2.
• the paper according to this example showed in an practical test an excellent suitability for coldset on a printing press with an 8-printing unit tower.
• the base paper according to Example 1 was coated with a coating color which differed from the coating color according to Example 3 only in that the coating pigment, instead of using a polyacrylate as the dispersant, gave a cationic dispersant with a high amine content to form a cationic pigment slurry and a cationic plastic binder for preparing the coating color was used.
• the following surface measurements were obtained for the finished paper: FIBRO test contact angle after 2 sec. 50 ° Displacement value after 30 sec. 0.39 / 0.47
• the base paper according to Example 1 was coated with a coating color of the following composition: nat. CaC0 3 90% ⁇ 2 ⁇ m 80% Kaolin 80% ⁇ 2 ⁇ m 20% 100% Binder and auxiliaries, based on coating pigment Styrene-acrylic binder 9.5% Starch solution 7.0% CMC solution 0.25% Melamine formaldehyde resin 0.8% Optical brightener 1.3%
• the paper coated with this coating color had the following surface data: FIBRO test edge angle after 2 sec. 72 ° Displacement value after 30 sec. 1.11 / 1.19
• test papers according to Examples 3 and 4 could be processed on coldset printing presses with 8-printing unit towers at the usual production speeds and led to precise image reproduction with normal printing ink drying behavior.
• a standardized base paper was used for the test papers, as it corresponds to the type according to embodiment 1.
• This paper was coated with various coating colors. The coating was 7 g / m 2 and side.
• the finished papers had a smoothness of about 15 sec Bekk on the top and about 12 sec Bekk on the bottom. All papers had a rating of "1" both on the determination of the dry pick resistance and on the determination of the wet pick resistance on the top and bottom. In any case, they were therefore suitable for offset.
• the following also shows paper properties separately for the top and bottom of the paper. The relevant measured values are separated by a slash, with the The value before the slash for the top of the paper and the value behind the slash for the bottom of the paper applies.
• the base paper was coated with a coating color which had the following essential components: Coating color nat. CaC0 3 60% ⁇ 2 ⁇ m 50% nat. CaC0 3 70% ⁇ 2 ⁇ m 50% Plastic binder 0% PVA solution 2.0% Crosslinking agent (MF resin) 1.0% Water retention regulator 0.4%
• the finished paper had the following properties of interest here. Paper properties FIBRO test contact angle after 2 sec 64/67 Ink path impact time after 30 sec 0.30 / 0.35% Penetration after the emco test after 1 sec 67/73% Penetration after the emco test after 3 sec 30/35%
• this paper When processed in a printing press with satellite printing units, this paper tended to build up printing ink on the impression cylinder. The print result was otherwise acceptable. On the other hand, the paper could also be processed satisfactorily on an 8-printing unit tower machine.
• Example 8 had similar properties to the paper of Example 6. It was less suitable for printing on a machine with satellite printing units.
• the paper according to Example 9 showed the best printability and printability.
• Fibro 1100 DAT is the name for a device from Fibro System ab, Box 9081, S-12609 Sweden, from which a detailed brochure was obtained.
• the letters DAT stand for "Dynamic Absorption Tester".
• the device is used to measure the wetting behavior of surfaces, a paper property that must be precisely measured and set for further processing processes such as painting, printing, etc. It works on the principle of contact angle measurement and is based on a method developed by the Swedish Paper Research Institute.
• the device comprises a medical dosing device and a CCD camera, that the drop size can be set between 0.1 and 9.9 .mu.l and that the change in the droplet deposited on the paper sample, which is characteristic of the wetting behavior, by means of storable video images can be documented with a cycle time of 20 milliseconds. The time course of the contact angle can be recorded so that the wetting behavior of different paper samples can be compared with one another with ease.
• distilled water was used for wetting and the wetting was determined after 2 seconds.
• a counter-pressure test also known as a smear test or throw-away test
• a defined amount of printing ink is applied to a paper strip, which is then rolled over in sections with a counter-test strip at predetermined intervals.
• the amount of color given off on the counter-test strips is determined optically and allows conclusions to be drawn about the color absorption behavior and stacking behavior of the test strip.
• test procedure Details of the test procedure can be found in a detailed description of the multi-purpose test printing machine from Ardbau, Dr.-Ing. Herbert Dürner, Aich 17-23, D-82380 P formulateenberg / Kunststoff, dated September 26, 1972, particularly in sections 10.5 and 14.2.
• a color range of 0.3 cm 3 a rubbing time of 30 seconds in the inking unit and 30 seconds for the printing form is recommended for coated papers.
• the contact pressure for pressure and counter pressure should be 200 N / cm each, ie 800 N with a printing form width of 4 cm.
• the Away Test Paint No. 52 0068 from the Michael Huber paint factory in Kunststoff is to be used.
• the counter print should be carried out after 30, 60, 120 and 240 sec.
• the recommended print speed is 0.5 m / sec.
• a standard paper called APCO II / II from Scheufelen is used as the test printing paper.
• the tests were carried out at twice the printing speed with the stated values.
• the color transfers on the counter test strips which are achieved after 30 seconds in reverse printing, were evaluated.

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• Paper (AREA)
• Replacement Of Web Rolls (AREA)
• Color Printing (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

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• 1996
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