EP0784107B1 - Monofilaments filés au fondu, résistants à l'abrasion - Google Patents

Monofilaments filés au fondu, résistants à l'abrasion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0784107B1
EP0784107B1 EP96120750A EP96120750A EP0784107B1 EP 0784107 B1 EP0784107 B1 EP 0784107B1 EP 96120750 A EP96120750 A EP 96120750A EP 96120750 A EP96120750 A EP 96120750A EP 0784107 B1 EP0784107 B1 EP 0784107B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
monofilaments
fibre
polyamide
forming
melt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96120750A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0784107A3 (fr
EP0784107A2 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Büdenbender
Eckhard Gärtner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Asahi Kasei Spandex Europe GmbH
Original Assignee
Bayer Faser GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer Faser GmbH filed Critical Bayer Faser GmbH
Publication of EP0784107A2 publication Critical patent/EP0784107A2/fr
Publication of EP0784107A3 publication Critical patent/EP0784107A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0784107B1 publication Critical patent/EP0784107B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/0027Screen-cloths
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/44Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
    • D01F6/46Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyolefins
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/88Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
    • D01F6/90Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyamides
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/88Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
    • D01F6/92Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyesters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S162/00Paper making and fiber liberation
    • Y10S162/90Papermaking press felts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2929Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2929Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
    • Y10T428/2931Fibers or filaments nonconcentric [e.g., side-by-side or eccentric, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964Artificial fiber or filament
    • Y10T428/2967Synthetic resin or polymer
    • Y10T428/2969Polyamide, polyimide or polyester
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/40Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/444Strand is a monofilament composed of two or more polymeric materials in physically distinct relationship [e.g., sheath-core, side-by-side, islands-in-sea, fibrils-in-matrix, etc.] or composed of physical blend of chemically different polymeric materials or a physical blend of a polymeric material and a filler material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/601Nonwoven fabric has an elastic quality
    • Y10T442/602Nonwoven fabric comprises an elastic strand or fiber material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/637Including strand or fiber material which is a monofilament composed of two or more polymeric materials in physically distinct relationship [e.g., sheath-core, side-by-side, islands-in-sea, fibrils-in-matrix, etc.] or composed of physical blend of chemically different polymeric materials or a physical blend of a polymeric material and a filler material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00Cutting
    • Y10T83/929Tool or tool with support
    • Y10T83/9292Wire tool

Definitions

  • the invention relates to melt-spun monofilaments made of polyamide, polyester or Polypropylene as a thread-forming polymer with improved abrasion resistance and their use for the production of technical fabrics or use as a wire.
  • thermoplastic polymers The process for the production of monofilaments from thermoplastic polymers are generally known and e.g. described in the manual of plastics technology II, C. Hauser Verlag, Kunststoff 1986, pages 295 to 319.
  • thermoplastic Polymers by adding polyethylene / polypropylene rubber can be improved.
  • the polymer blends from thermoplastic polymers and modified polyethylene / polypropylene rubber are known compounded and granulated on twin-screw extruders and injection molded processed.
  • the abrasion resistance of the monofilaments and thus the technical fabrics that are made of these can be made by the known ones described above Raw material modifications only insufficiently improved, in addition, the Strength of the monofilament reduced in each case.
  • the invention has for its object the abrasion resistance and the alternating bending resistance melt-spun monofilaments and their processability to improve technical fabrics or wire and thus e.g. the service life technical To extend tissue significantly.
  • the monofilaments according to the invention are distinguished by a permanently improved one Abrasion resistance, improved resistance to alternating bending stress and reduced thermal shrinkage forces.
  • Another object is the use of the monofilaments according to the invention.
  • Manufacture of technical textiles such as fabrics and felts for industry, e.g. Classifying fabrics, screen printing fabrics, conveyor belts, shaped screen fabrics and press felts for Paper and cellulose fiber production.
  • the monofilaments according to the invention are produced by melt extrusion processes known per se manufactured.
  • the raw materials are either a mixture of granules or used as granules / powder mixture or as compounded granules.
  • a homogeneous mixing of the components in the Melt and thus ultimately to watch out for in the monofilaments. This is done through commercial dynamic mixer reached after extrusion.
  • the aim was to determine the impact strength of the polymers and the transverse stability of the to increase the monofilaments obtained from the polymers.
  • Another object of the invention is the use of the invention Monofilament for the production of technical textile fabrics or technical Wires, especially lawn mower wire.
  • the monofilaments according to the invention are preferably used in so-called technical textiles such as fabrics and felting for industry, e.g. Classifying fabrics, screen printing fabrics, shaped screen fabrics and press felts for paper and cellulose fiber production.
  • Preferred thread-forming thermoplastic polymer for the production of the Monofilament is polyamide, especially polyamide (PA) 6, 6.6, 6.10, 6.12, 11 and 12, Mixtures of the polyamides or copolymers of these.
  • Preferred polyester are polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).
  • the mixture according to the invention can contain up to 15% by weight, based on the sum of components a), b) and c), plasticizers, for example caprolactam for polyamide, phenols, arylsulfonamides or phthalic acid esters, pigments, for example TiO 2 , carbon black, dyes, as additional additives , internal lubricants, for example alkaline earth stearates, in particular of Ca or Mg, waxes to increase parenzene, for example those based on fatty acid amides, are added.
  • plasticizers for example caprolactam for polyamide, phenols, arylsulfonamides or phthalic acid esters
  • pigments for example TiO 2 , carbon black
  • dyes as additional additives
  • internal lubricants for example alkaline earth stearates, in particular of Ca or Mg, waxes to increase parenzene, for example those based on fatty acid amides, are added.
  • Examples 1 to 5 show monofilaments according to the invention, example 6 a comparative example.
  • a medium-viscosity semi-crystalline maleic anhydride modified PE / PP rubber was used as the modified rubber (component B).
  • Component C) is a commercially available aging stabilizer Irganox 1098 from Ciba Geigy, a sterically hindered phenol of the formula (I) N, N'-hexamethylene-bis- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-hydrocinnamic acid amide)
  • the concentrations of component A) were between 98.25% by weight and 84.5% by weight of component B) varies between 1.25% by weight and 15% by weight.
  • the concentration of component C) was kept constant at 0.5% by weight.
  • Components A), B) and C) were in the form of granules or granule powder mixtures according to the desired concentration ratio on a single screw extruder Degassed under vacuum, then melted at 270 ° C and then mixed together in a dynamic mixer so that the components A), B) and C) were finely dispersed homogeneously mixed with each other.
  • the monofilament was then carried out in a manner known per se on a monofilament spinning and drawing machine produced. It became a device for melt spinning of monofilaments the thread-forming polymer melt for cooling in Spun water bath at 20 to 30 ° C, then in hot water at 80 ° C and stretched 3.5 times in hot air at 150 ° C and finally in hot air at Fixed at 210 ° C.
  • the preparation is carried out analogously to the spinning process shown above.
  • the abrasion tests were carried out in the examples on the monofilament manufactured test bars using the abrasion tester AT 2000 from the company Einlehner performed in calcium carbonate / water suspension.
  • a ceramic bar rotating body consisting of 16 circularly arranged round bars made of Al-oxide ceramic with a flat ground surface touching the screen was used as the wear body.
  • the arrangement corresponds approximately to the open and closed surfaces of a flat suction device in a paper machine.
  • the material loss of the respective test sieve is determined from the difference between the rubbed and non-rubbed sieve surface as a loss of weight and thickness.
  • Table 2 shows further Examples 7 to 10, in which a hydrolysis-stabilized high-molecular polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with a maleic anhydride-modified polyethylene / propylene rubber (Exxelor VA 1803) and a hydrolysis stabilizer (Stabaxol P100) was used instead of polyamide.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • Exxelor VA 1803 maleic anhydride-modified polyethylene / propylene rubber
  • Stabaxol P100 hydrolysis stabilizer
  • the loss of length after the concrete edge impact test was determined. The loss of length decreases with increasing proportion of rubber modified with maleic anhydride.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Harvester Elements (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Monofilaments filés au fondu en polyamide, polyester ou polypropylène en tant que polymères formateurs de fil pour la production de fil technique, en particulier de fil pour tondeuse à gazon ou de produits bidimensionnels textiles techniques, caractérisés en ce que les monofilaments contiennent
    a) 99 à 70 % en masse de polymère thermoplastique formateur de fil,
    b) de 30 à 1 % en masse d'un caoutchouc de polyéthylène/polypropylène modifié avec l'anhydride maléique
    et en outre
    c) de 0,01 à 3% en masse, par rapport à la somme de a) + b), de stabilisateurs contre le vieillissement.
  2. Monofilament selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le polymère thermoplastique formateur de film est un polyamide, en particulier le polyamide 6, PA 6.6, PA 6.10, PA 6.12, PA 11 ou PA 12 ou un copolyamide des polyamides préférés cités.
  3. Monofilament selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le polymère themoplastique formateur de fil est le polyéthylènetéréphtalate (PET) ou le polybutylènetéréphtalate (PBT).
  4. Utilisation des monofilaments selon les revendications 1 à 3 pour la production de produits bidimensionnels textiles techniques.
  5. Utilisation selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que les produits bidimensionnels textiles sont des tissus de classement, des tissus de sérigraphie, des bandes porteuses et des toiles de mise en forme ou des feutres coucheurs pour le traitement de fibres cellulosiques ou la production du papier.
  6. Toiles de mise en forme ou feutres coucheurs pouvant être obtenus à partir de monofilaments selon les revendications 1 à 3, pour le traitement des fibres cellulosiques et la production du papier.
  7. Utilisation des monofilaments selon les revendications 1 à 3 comme fil pour tondeuse à gazon.
  8. Monofilaments selon les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisés en ce que la proportion de caoutchouc B) est de 5 à 20 % en masse et la proportion de polymère A) est de 80 à 95 % en masse.
EP96120750A 1996-01-04 1996-12-23 Monofilaments filés au fondu, résistants à l'abrasion Expired - Lifetime EP0784107B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19600162A DE19600162A1 (de) 1996-01-04 1996-01-04 Schmelzgesponnene, scheuerbeständige Monofile
DE19600162 1996-01-04

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0784107A2 EP0784107A2 (fr) 1997-07-16
EP0784107A3 EP0784107A3 (fr) 1998-01-21
EP0784107B1 true EP0784107B1 (fr) 1999-07-21

Family

ID=7782155

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96120750A Expired - Lifetime EP0784107B1 (fr) 1996-01-04 1996-12-23 Monofilaments filés au fondu, résistants à l'abrasion

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5869180A (fr)
EP (1) EP0784107B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH09209212A (fr)
AT (1) ATE182373T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19600162A1 (fr)

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JP5872809B2 (ja) * 2011-07-20 2016-03-01 株式会社斎藤撚糸 刈払機の刈刃用コードの製造方法
DE102014013354A1 (de) 2014-09-08 2016-03-10 Rainer Busch Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von mikroverkapselten Paraffinpartikel durch ein elektrostatisches Rotationsdüsen-Absprühverfahren sowie die Verwendung dieses Verfahren. Die so verkapselten Paraffinpartikel können für
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TWI571491B (zh) * 2015-10-19 2017-02-21 財團法人紡織產業綜合研究所 耐磨纖維的母粒及其製造方法以及使用其所製成的耐磨纖維
DE102017202827A1 (de) 2017-02-22 2018-08-23 Cht R. Beitlich Gmbh Wässrige Formulierung zur Verbesserung der Abriebbeständigkeit
US20210292554A1 (en) * 2018-07-18 2021-09-23 Invista North America S.A.R.L. Modified polyamide fiber and articles made thereof
CN110607571A (zh) * 2019-09-24 2019-12-24 东莞市博斯蒂新材料有限公司 一种涤纶丝及其制备方法
EP4141153A1 (fr) * 2020-06-02 2023-03-01 Toray Industries, Inc. Monofilament de polyamide
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DE19600162A1 (de) 1997-07-10
EP0784107A3 (fr) 1998-01-21
US5869180A (en) 1999-02-09
JPH09209212A (ja) 1997-08-12
DE59602479D1 (de) 1999-08-26
EP0784107A2 (fr) 1997-07-16
ATE182373T1 (de) 1999-08-15

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