EP0777734B1 - Nouveaux polypeptides a activite toxique vis-a-vis d'insectes de la famille des dipteres - Google Patents

Nouveaux polypeptides a activite toxique vis-a-vis d'insectes de la famille des dipteres Download PDF

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EP0777734B1
EP0777734B1 EP95928541A EP95928541A EP0777734B1 EP 0777734 B1 EP0777734 B1 EP 0777734B1 EP 95928541 A EP95928541 A EP 95928541A EP 95928541 A EP95928541 A EP 95928541A EP 0777734 B1 EP0777734 B1 EP 0777734B1
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polypeptide
sequence
jeg80
polynucleotide
activity against
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EP0777734A2 (fr
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Armelle Delecluse
Isabelle Thiery
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Institut Pasteur de Lille
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/205—Bacterial isolates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/50—Isolated enzymes; Isolated proteins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
    • C07K14/32—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Bacillus (G)
    • C07K14/325—Bacillus thuringiensis crystal peptides, i.e. delta-endotoxins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/07—Bacillus
    • C12R2001/075—Bacillus thuringiensis

Definitions

  • Biological control against insects of the Diptera family which includes, for example, mosquitoes and Simulia vectors of tropical diseases is mainly carried out using the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis ser. israelensis (Bti) serotype H14 or with Bacillus sphaericus . These two bacteria synthesize during the sporulation of proteins assembled in the form of crystals, toxic by ingestion for the larvae of insects.
  • israelensis are composed of 4 major CryIV A (125 kDa), CryIV B (135 kDa), CryIV D (68 kDa) and Cyt A (28 kDa) polypeptides, (Höfte H et al., 1989 Microbiol., Rev. 53: 242). -255).
  • the crystals of B. sphaericus consist of 2 polypeptides of 51 and 42 kDa. These proteins have different specificities and each one of them contributes to the total toxicity, acting where appropriate in synergy. In order to overcome the possible emergence of insects resistant to Bti toxins , the search for new strains with activity on mosquitoes was undertaken.
  • the strain of Bacillus thuringiensis ser. jegathesan 367 ( Btjeg ), serotype H28a 28c, appears interesting both from the point of view of its activity and the polypeptide composition of its crystals.
  • This bacterium produces as Bti during the sporulation toxic crystals by ingestion for mosquito larvae.
  • This strain was isolated in Malaysia by L. LEE and identified as belonging to a new subtype.
  • the crystals of B thuringiensis ser. jegathesan contain 7 major polypeptides having a molecular weight of 80, 72-70, 65, 37, 26 and 16 kDa respectively.
  • the 37 kDa protein is immunologically related to a component of the crystal of B thuringiensis ser. israelensis while the other proteins give only weak and variable cross reactions. No genes related to those of B thuringiensis ser. israelensis was not detected in this strain, indicating that the crystal proteins could be encoded by a new class of toxin genes.
  • the inventors have identified, within the total DNA of a strain Btjeg 367, sequences coding for polypeptides capable of inducing and / or participating in the toxic activity of the strain with respect to insect insects. the Diptera family in particular.
  • the invention therefore relates to nucleotide sequences encoding polypeptides with insect-toxic activity.
  • Target insects are for example insects of the family Diptera, including mosquitoes or Simulia, and in particular the larvae of these insects.
  • the polypeptides obtained from the sequences of the invention may have activity vis-à-vis insects of other families.
  • the application also relates to polypeptides having larvicidal activity against insects, or polypeptides capable of participating in such toxic activity, where appropriate by acting in synergy with polypeptides determining this activity.
  • polypeptides of the invention are capable either of inducing the toxic activity or of increasing the level of toxicity with respect to a given target.
  • larvicidal compositions comprising as active principle the polypeptides of the invention or recombinant organisms capable of expressing such polypeptides, optionally associated with other constituents, for example other polypeptides or recombinant cells capable of increasing the desired toxic activity, if appropriate from other organisms, for example Bacillus thuringiensis , Bacillus sphaericus , Clostridium bifermentans .
  • a first group of sequences contains a first nucleotide sequence characterized in that it corresponds to the Hind III fragment of about 4.3 kb obtainable from the plasmid pJEG80.1 deposited at the CNCM under the number I-1469, August 23, 1994 or can hybridize under stringent conditions with this plasmid.
  • the restriction map of the Btjeg sequence contained in the recombinant plasmid pJEG80.1 is shown in FIG. 3 and shows the position of the beginning of the jeg80 gene, as well as its direction of transcription.
  • a nucleotide sequence of this first group is included in the HindIII fragment of about 4.3 kb represented in FIG. 3, such that it can be isolated from the plasmid pJEG80 .1 deposited at the CNCM.
  • An interesting fragment is for example the Hin fragment dIII- Nde I of about 2.2 kb. This fragment contains the origin of the jeg80 gene.
  • nucleotide sequence corresponding to the preceding definition is further characterized in that it comprises the nucleotide sequence shown in Figure 4.
  • the invention also relates to the jeg80 gene shown in Figure 5A whose coding sequence is between nucleotides 64 and 2238.
  • the invention also relates to the non-coding sequence upstream of the coding sequence of the jeg80 gene, which contains the regulatory sequences for the expression of the gene.
  • the invention relates to the fragment between nucleotides 1 and 124 of the sequence shown in FIG.
  • the invention also relates to nucleotide sequences modified with respect to the previously defined sequences, for example by deletion, addition or substitution of nucleotides, characterized in that they hybridize under stringent conditions with one of the sequences previously identified, and in that they further encode a polypeptide having a toxic activity with respect to insects of the family Diptera or participating in this activity.
  • Polypeptides according to the present description are understood to mean peptides, polypeptides or proteins, or any amino acid sequence having the required properties.
  • the toxic activity evaluated in relation to insects from the family Diptera can for example be tested in mosquitoes or Simulium or in the larvae of these insects.
  • the toxic activity of the expression product of a nucleotide sequence of the invention can be evaluated by measuring the lethal dose necessary to kill 50% of a sample of insect larvae tested (LC 50 ), when the test is made in 150 ml of water with 25 larvae per cup, these larvae being of stage L4 for Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens and stage L3 for Anopheles stephensi. Variable amounts of toxins are added to the cups. The larvae of Culex and Anopheles are fed with brewer's yeast at 50 mg / l. The test is played at 24 h and 48 h.
  • a nucleotide sequence coding for a polypeptide having an insect-toxic activity of the Diptera family according to the invention is, for example, a coding sequence for a polypeptide having a molecular weight of approximately 80 kDa.
  • the invention also relates to any fragment derived from a nucleotide sequence corresponding to one of the preceding criteria and hybridizing under stringent conditions with one of these sequences, this fragment having at least 9 nucleotides.
  • Such fragments are in particular intended to be used as hybridization probes or as oligonucleotide primers for performing chain amplification reactions such as PCR.
  • a nucleotide sequence of interest is the sequence j80, responding to the following sequence:
  • the present application also relates to a second group of nucleotide sequences, a representative of which is, for example, a nucleotide sequence characterized in that it encodes a polypeptide which, in association with a polypeptide encoded by a nucleotide sequence of the first group presented above, is able to participate in the toxic activity of the latter vis-à-vis insects of the family Diptera, this sequence further hybridizing with the oligonucleotide j66 having the following sequence:
  • this nucleotide sequence with respect to its ability to participate in the toxic activity of the polypeptide encoded by one of the sequences of the first group, does not exclude the possibility for this nucleotide sequence to code for a peptide having an isolated a toxic activity vis-à-vis insects of the family Diptera.
  • this second group of nucleotide sequences may for example result from the fact that its association with polypeptides encoded by the first group of previously defined sequences may lead to a synergy such that the toxic activity of the polypeptide association is greater to the sum of the individual activities of each of the polypeptides of the association.
  • a nucleotide sequence This second group encodes a polypeptide of about 66 kDa.
  • a third group of nucleotide sequences is characterized in that they encode polypeptides which, in association with a polypeptide encoded by a nucleotide sequence of the first or second group, are capable of participating in the toxic activity of these polypeptides. with respect to insects of the Diptera family, these nucleotide sequences being further characterized in that they hybridize with the oligonucleotide J37 having the following sequence:
  • a preferred nucleotide sequence of this third group is characterized in that it encodes a polypeptide of about 37 kDa.
  • the subject of the invention is a fourth group of nucleotide sequences encoding a polypeptide which, in association with at least one of the preceding ones, is also capable of participating in the toxic activity observed with regard to insects.
  • the family Diptera the sequences of this fourth group encoding a polypeptide having a molecular weight of about 70 kDa or producing an immunological reaction with this peptide.
  • the hybridization conditions with the oligonucleotides are stringent hybridization conditions described in the kit "ECL 3 'oligo-labeling detection kit” Amersham, the hybridization temperature being 42 ° C and the second wash after hybridization being done in 1xSSC - 0.1% SDS.
  • the subject of the invention is also the sequences surrounding that of the jeg80 gene corresponding to the ISjeg between nucleotides 2812 and 3618 of the sequence of FIG. 6 and of the intergenic region between nucleotides 1604 and 284 of FIG. 6.
  • the subject of the invention is also a cloning or expression vector, characterized in that it comprises a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the definitions previously given.
  • a particularly preferred vector is the plasmid pJEG80.1 deposited at the CNCM on August 23, 1994 under No. I-1469.
  • the present application also relates to polypeptides characterized in that they constitute the product of expression in a recombinant cell, at least one nucleotide sequence of the first, second, third or fourth groups as they have have been defined in the previous pages.
  • the invention relates to the Jeg80 polypeptide encoded by the jeg80 gene shown in FIG. 5A.
  • Preferred polypeptides are for example the polypeptide of about 80 kDa comprising the amino acid sequence shown in Figure 4, or the polypeptide of about 80 kDa corresponding to the amino acid sequence shown in Figure 5B, or any fragment of this polypeptide reacting with antibodies directed against the 80 kDa protein corresponding to the sequence of FIG. 5B and / or exhibiting a toxic activity with respect to insect larvae of the Diptera family.
  • polypeptides of the invention may be used alone or in combination. These combinations (or mixtures) may comprise different polypeptides groups I, II, III or IV as described above and / or a mixture of one or more of these polypeptides with other polypeptides derived from different organisms and in particular strains of Bti, B. sphaericus or C. bifermentans also having a toxic activity against insects.
  • recombinant cells modified by a nucleotide sequence as defined in the preceding pages or by a vector containing one of these sequences.
  • These recombinant host cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells, and may be, for example, bacteria cells, for example strains of Bacillus thuringiensis strain Bti or Bacillus sphaericus , or even clostridium bifermantans .
  • Another cell according to the invention may be a eukaryotic cell, for example a plant cell.
  • the recombinant cells can be used to produce the polypeptides of the invention, but can also be used in insect-toxic compositions.
  • the application also relates to polyclonal antibodies directed against one of the above polypeptides defined, or a polyclonal serum directed against a mixture of several of them.
  • E.coli TG1 [K12, ⁇ ( lac-proAB ) supE thi hdsD F '( traD3 6 proA ⁇ proB ⁇ lacZ ⁇ lacI g lacZ ⁇ M15) ] and pHT315 (Arantès, O. et al (1991) Gene 108: 115-119 ) were used as cloning hosts and vectors respectively.
  • B thuringiensis ser. jegathesan 367 was used to purify the crystals of wild type and DNA for cloning experiments.
  • B thuringiensis ser. thuringiensis SPL407 (Lereclus, D.
  • B thuringiensis SPL407 was transformed by electroporation according to the technique described in the aforementioned publication (Lereclus, D. et al.) And E.coli was transformed according to the description previously given in the publication by Lederberg, EM et al. (1974) J. Bacteriol. 119 : 1072-1074.
  • Antibiotic concentrations for bacterial selection were 25 ⁇ g erythromycin per ml and 100 ⁇ g ampicillin per ml.
  • Total DNA was isolated from B thuringiensis ser. jegathesan according to the description of Delécluse, A. et al. (1991) J. Bacteriol. 173 : 3374-3381. Plasmid DNA was extracted from E.coli by a standard alkaline lysis procedure as described by Birnboim HC et al. (1979) Nucleic Acids Res. 7 : 1513-1523 and further purified using the Qiagen kit (Qiagen GmbH, Germany). DNA fragments were purified on agarose gel with the Prep A Gene DNA Purification Kit (BioRad, Hercules, Calif.).
  • Hybridization experiments were conducted on Hybond N + filters (Amersham, Buckingamshire, UK).
  • the oligonucleotides were labeled with fluorescein using the ECL 3 'oligolabeling oligonucleotide labeling system (Amersham).
  • DNA sequences were determined from the denatured plasmids in an alkaline medium using the dideoxy chain termination method (Sanger, F. et al (1977) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74 : 5463-5467 ) with the Sequenase Version 2.0 kit (US Biochemical Corp., Cleveland, Ohio) and ⁇ - 35 S-dATP (> 37 TBq / mmol; Amersham). A series of synthetic oligonucleotides (Eurogentec, Belgium) was used to determine the sequence of the two strands.
  • the strain Btjeg 367 was cultured in usual glucose medium at 30 ° C with stirring for about 72 hours until the lysis of sporulating bacteria.
  • the spore-crystal mixtures were harvested by centrifugation and the crystals purified on a sucrose gradient, according to the technique described by THOMAS and ELLAR (THOMAS and ELLAR, 1983, J. Cell Sci., 60, 181-197).
  • the analysis of the polypeptide composition of these crystals was carried out by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by staining with Coomassie blue.
  • the results obtained, represented in FIG. 1, show that the crystals of the Btjeg strain consist of several polypeptides of 80, 72, 70, 66, 50, 37 and 28 kDa (some of which could be degradation products).
  • crystals of this strain have, on larvae of Aedes aegypti , Anopheles stephensi, and Culex pipiens, a lower toxicity than that obtained with Bti crystals but which is nevertheless important, as indicated in the following table.
  • strain Btjeg 367 was isolated according to the technique previously described (DELECLUSE et al., 1991, J. Bacteriol., 173, 3,374-3,381), and then hydrolysed by the enzyme EcoRI. The fragments obtained were separated by electrophoresis on 0.6% agarose gel and then transferred onto a nylon membrane (Hybond N +, Amersham).
  • cryIVA genes, and CryIVD CytA Bti were obtained after hydrolysis of the recombinant plasmid pHT606, pHT611 and pCB4, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the DNA fragments containing Bti genes were purified after separation on agarose gel and then labeled with peroxidase using the kit "ELC direct nucleic acid” labeling (Amersham), and used in hybridization experiments with the total hydrolysed DNA of the Btjeg strain.
  • amino-terminal sequences of the 80, 66 and 37 kDa proteins were determined in the microsequencing laboratory of the Institut Pasteur using an automatic sequencer (Applied Biosystems) after transfer of the protein to Membot membranes (Applied Biosystems); the sequence thus obtained is given in the table below.
  • Oligonucleotides corresponding to JEG80, JEG66 and JEG37 were synthesized, using the genetic code determined for several B. thuringiensis genes and incorporating inosine at each ambiguity. The sequence of these oligonucleotides is shown in the table.
  • I represents deoxyinosine, used as a neutral base for all the positions may correspond to three or four nucleotides.
  • Hybridization experiments were performed between the fluorescein labeled oligonucleotides and the total DNA of the Btjeg strain, hydrolysed by EcoRI , HindIII , XbaI or PstI.
  • the cold probe technique (3 'oligonucleotide labeling system, Amersham) was used. The results obtained are shown in the table below.
  • the probe hybridized specifically at 42 ° C to a single HindIII restriction fragment of about 4 kb and a unique EcoRI restriction fragment of about 2 kb.
  • a DNA library of the Btjeg strain was constructed in E. coli TGI using the bifunctional plasmid pHT315 (ARANTES and LERECLUS, 1991, Gene, 108, 115-119) as a cloning vector.
  • the total DNA of the Btjeg strain was hydrolysed with HindIII and then subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. Fragments of about 2 to 6 kb were purified and cloned in this vector. Hind III fragments of 3 to 5 kb were inserted into the Hind III site of the pHT315 shuttle vector treated with alkaline phosphatase. The recombinant clones obtained after transformation of the E.
  • coli strain TGI with the ligation mixtures obtained were tested for their hybridization with the labeled oligonucleotide. From 1,000 recombinant clones obtained, there was a positive reaction. A recombinant clone, JEG80.1, was selected and analyzed. This clone contains a recombinant plasmid (pJEG80.1) of 10.9 kb; the Hind III fragment of inserted DNA has a size of 4.3 kb.
  • the restriction map of the plasmid pJEG80.1 was determined and is shown in FIG. 3.
  • Hybridization experiments carried out with the oligonucleotide j80 made it possible to locate the position of this oligonucleotide on the 4.3 kb Hind III fragment.
  • PCR experiments carried out with the combinations of universal and duplex oligonucleotides have made it possible to locate more precisely the beginning of the gene coding for the JEG80 protein (jeg80) as well as its direction of transcription (FIG. 3). .
  • the nucleotide sequence of the jeg80 gene is carried out by the SANGER technique on the plasmid pJEG80.1 previously denatured with soda.
  • the primers used are the oligonucleotide j80, the reverse oligonucleotide or oligonucleotides deduced from the sequences read.
  • a partial sequence (938 bp from the 5 'end of the gene) is shown in Figure 4 with the corresponding amino acid sequence.
  • the pJEG80.1 sequence in the region containing the gene for the 80 kDa protein was determined on both strands ( Figure 5). An open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 724 residues was found with a calculated molecular mass of 81,293 Da. The sequence was examined to determine any region that could be related to B. thuringiensis promoter structures. No promoter sequence was found in the sequence having about 50 nucleotides upstream of the start codon.
  • This structure can act as a transcription terminator. Twelve nucleotides upstream of the start codon constituting an AAAGAAGAGGG sequence was identified as constituting a ribosome binding site ( Figure 5).
  • the amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence obtained was compared to the sequences of other proteins present in the Swiss Prot database. This analysis has shown that the Jeg80 protein has a similarity of the order of 67% with the N-terminal part of the Bti CryIVD protein; over the entire amino acid sequence, the similarity is about 58% ( Figure 7) and to a lesser degree (36%) with CryII proteins of Bt kurstaki .
  • Jeg80 has an 82 amino acid chain comprising five cysteine residues at its COOH-terminal portion, absent from CryIVD.
  • CryIVD protease located in the middle of the protein (amino acids 348-357, FIG. is not preserved in Jeg80.
  • the plasmid pJEG80.1 was introduced into the Bt 407 cryopresert by electroporation according to the technique described by LERECLUS et al. (LERECLUS et al 1989, FEMS Microbiol Lett, 60, 211-218).
  • a transformant, 407 (pJEG80.1), was selected for further analysis. This clone produces during sporulation inclusions visible in light microscopy. No inclusion of this type was present in cells containing the pHT315 vector alone.
  • the expression product of jeg80 was analyzed by SDS PAGE and then stained with brilliant Coomassie blue (FIG. 1).
  • the main polypeptide of inclusions purified from recombinant strain 407 (pJEG80.1) had a molecular weight of about 80 kDa ( Figure 1, line 3), the same as that of the larger crystal polypeptide of wild strain 367 ( Figure 1, line 2). These inclusions were purified on a sucrose gradient: they consist solely of the Jeg80 protein (FIG. 1). Immunological reactions were tested between Jeg80 polypeptide and B. thuringiensis crystal proteins ser jegathesan , B. thuringiensis ser israelensis, B. thuringiensis ser medellin and darmstadiensis. The results of the immunological reaction are reported in Figure 1B.
  • This protein reacts with antibodies directed against the total crystals of Btjeg as well as with the serum anti-crystals of Bti, and total anti-crystals of the strain Bt medellin (another active strain on mosquitoes, of a new serotype, H30, recently identified).
  • the purified crystals of strain 407 were tested for activity on mosquito larvae, compared to crystals from the Btjeg strain containing all the proteins. Tests have also been made with strain 4Q2-81 (pHT 640) which produces only the CryIVD protein. Preliminary results indicate that the Jeg80 protein is active on the three mosquito species tested: A. aegypti , A. stephensi and C. pipiens. The toxicity of the Jeg80 protein is higher with C. pipiens (Table 1). Moreover, the level of toxicity obtained for the Jeg80 protein alone is comparable on A. stephensi to that observed with the Btjeg crystals.
  • the Jeg80 protein is more toxic than the wild strain to A. aegypti and also toxic to C. pipiens and A. stephensi. Moreover and despite similarities with CryIVD, the Jeg80 protein is more toxic than CryIVD: about 10-fold more vis-à-vis A. aegypti and A. stephensi and 40-fold more vis-à-vis C. pipiens.
  • the toxic activity was tested under the following conditions: the mosquitoes used were maintained in the laboratory at 26 ° C, in a humid atmosphere at 80% and during a day-night period from 14h-10h. The larvae were treated with dechlorinated water and fed with commercial cat biscuits. The purified inclusions were diluted in plastic cups containing 150 ml of deionized water and tested in duplicate against A. aegypti and C. pipiens stage four larvae and A. stephensi stage three. Each test was repeated at least five times. Larval mortality was recorded after 48 hours and lethal doses (LC 50S ) were determined by Probit analysis.
  • LC 50S lethal doses
  • the jeg80 gene encodes a protein of molecular weight 81.293 Da.
  • the Jeg80 protein is similar to the larvicide toxin for CryIVD mosquitoes of B. thuringiensis ser. israelensis. It is even the only known protein with similarities to CryIVD, suggesting that these two proteins evolved from a common ancestor.
  • the Jeg80 protein also shares a low similarity with CryII proteins, comparable to the similarity between CryIV and CryII. However, there are essential differences between Jeg80 and CryIVD, particularly at the carboxy terminal portion of the protein. Jeg80 has a sequence of 82 amino acids including 5 cysteine residues, which sequence is absent from CryIVD. Bietlot et al. (Bietlot, HP et al (1990) Biochem, J.
  • cryIVD gene is the second gene of an operon containing two other genes, p19 and p20 (Adams, LF et al (1989) J. Bacteriol 171 : 521-530 and Dervyn, E. et al (1995) J. Bacteriol 177 : 2283-2291).
  • Insertion elements can account for the dispersion of toxin genes between B. thuringiensis strain differences.
  • the cryIVD gene is transcribed from two promoters recognized by the RNA polymerase associated with B. thuringiensis factors ⁇ 35 or ⁇ 28 (Dervyn, E. et al (1995) J. Bacteriol. 177: 2283-2291).
  • Jeg80 is much more toxic (6 to 40 times more toxic depending on the mosquito species tested) than CryIVD, despite their strong similarity. This difference in activity could reflect different modes of action of the two toxins. This difference could be exploited in the development of insecticides.

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EP95928541A 1994-08-25 1995-08-24 Nouveaux polypeptides a activite toxique vis-a-vis d'insectes de la famille des dipteres Expired - Lifetime EP0777734B1 (fr)

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PCT/FR1995/001116 WO1996006171A2 (fr) 1994-08-25 1995-08-24 Nouveaux polypeptides a activite toxique vis-a-vis d'insectes de la famille des dipteres

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US8071737B2 (en) 1995-05-04 2011-12-06 Glead Sciences, Inc. Nucleic acid ligand complexes
CO5450254A1 (es) * 2003-04-01 2004-10-29 Corporacion Para Investigacion Peptido sintetico que posee una actividad ionorfica y antimicrobiana
CA2601857A1 (en) * 2005-04-01 2006-10-12 Nadine Carozzi Axmi-027, axmi-036 and axmi-038, a family of delta-endotoxin genes and methods for their use
CN111394360B (zh) * 2020-03-31 2021-09-28 山西大学 一种飞蝗帽和领C型异构体基因dsRNA及其应用

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EP0216481B1 (en) * 1985-08-14 1992-09-23 Repligen Corporation Polypeptides toxic to larvae of the dipteran family
IL89307A0 (en) * 1988-02-19 1989-09-10 Ecogen Inc Bacillus thuringiensis var.israelensis cryd toxin gene,protein and related insecticide compositions
CA2051562C (en) * 1990-10-12 2003-12-02 Jewel M. Payne Bacillus thuringiensis isolates active against dipteran pests

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DK0777734T3 (da) 2006-07-17
JPH10505743A (ja) 1998-06-09
WO1996006171A3 (fr) 1996-04-11
ES2260763T3 (es) 2006-11-01
FR2723961A1 (fr) 1996-03-01
DE69534846D1 (de) 2006-05-04
US6071877A (en) 2000-06-06
FR2723961B1 (fr) 1996-10-31
WO1996006171A2 (fr) 1996-02-29
DE69534846T2 (de) 2006-11-16
ATE319831T1 (de) 2006-03-15
PT777734E (pt) 2006-07-31
EP0777734A2 (fr) 1997-06-11

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