EP0772494B1 - Miniaturisierter mehrkammer-thermocycler - Google Patents
Miniaturisierter mehrkammer-thermocycler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0772494B1 EP0772494B1 EP96916103A EP96916103A EP0772494B1 EP 0772494 B1 EP0772494 B1 EP 0772494B1 EP 96916103 A EP96916103 A EP 96916103A EP 96916103 A EP96916103 A EP 96916103A EP 0772494 B1 EP0772494 B1 EP 0772494B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sample
- chamber
- slit
- sample chamber
- thermal cycling
- Prior art date
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L7/00—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices
- B01L7/52—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices with provision for submitting samples to a predetermined sequence of different temperatures, e.g. for treating nucleic acid samples
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/502707—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the manufacture of the container or its components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/508—Rigid containers without fluid transport within
- B01L3/5085—Rigid containers without fluid transport within for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates
- B01L3/50851—Rigid containers without fluid transport within for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates specially adapted for heating or cooling samples
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0809—Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
- B01L2300/0819—Microarrays; Biochips
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/18—Means for temperature control
- B01L2300/1805—Conductive heating, heat from thermostatted solids is conducted to receptacles, e.g. heating plates, blocks
- B01L2300/1827—Conductive heating, heat from thermostatted solids is conducted to receptacles, e.g. heating plates, blocks using resistive heater
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/18—Means for temperature control
- B01L2300/1883—Means for temperature control using thermal insulation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a miniaturized multi-chamber thermal cycler, which in particular in the process of the so-called polymerase chain reaction, in which determined from a mixture of DNA sequences Sequences are multiplied, as well as for performing others Process of thermally controlled, biochemical or molecular biological Processes, application.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- Stationary sample treatment apparatuses are used for this purpose, in which the corresponding samples are entered into sample chambers and periodically subjected to a warm-cold temperature cycle, the desired DNA sequences multiplying depending on the defined primers.
- PCR is preferably carried out in disposable microtubes or in standardized microtiter plates for a variety of samples.
- the sample volumes used are approximately 10 ... 100 ⁇ l (A. Rolfs et all, Clinical Diagnostics and Research, Springer Laboratory, Berlin-Heidelberg (1992). In CC Oste et al, The polymerase chain reaction, Birkhäuser, Boston-Basel-Berlin (1993), p. 165, already reported sample volumes of 1 ... 5 ⁇ l are reported.
- the microtubes mentioned are tempered with conventional heating and cooling units (genetic engineering market overview III, Nachr. Chem. Tech. Lab. 41 (1993), M1). Due to the massive heating and cooling blocks used, parasitic heat capacities of carriers, heating and cooling elements, in particular when reducing the sample volumes, have a disadvantageous effect as physical limits for shortening cycle times.
- the samples reach their equilibrium temperature in the microtubes only after approx. 20 ... 30 s. Overheating and hypothermia can hardly be avoided in practical operation.
- One of the biggest problems with a PCR carried out in said microtubes are temperature gradients within the samples, which lead to temperature differences of up to 10 K. Attempts are made to counter this effect by means of heatable covers, which in turn increases the outlay on equipment.
- microtiter plates made of heat-resistant polycarbonate are mainly used for loading and sample analysis. These behave thermally similar to the above-mentioned microtubes, but are more advantageous for manual or automatic sample loading.
- the device solutions used here are also very large and unwieldy.
- sample liquid Sample chamber consists of a structured silicon cell with a Longitudinal expansion in the order of 10 mm, which in a Sample attack direction is closed by a thin membrane, by means of which the corresponding temperature is applied miniaturized heating elements.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of a miniaturized Specify multi-chamber thermal cycler that is easy to use the treatment of a large number of samples with sample volumes in the lower Micro and nanoliter range at high temperature change speeds and small heating capacities, being relative homogeneous temperature distributions record the individual samples and Overheating or hypothermia effects largely avoided should be.
- the object is characterized by the characterizing part of the claim 1 solved.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a miniaturized multi-chamber thermal cycler with a sample-receiving carrier 1 which is as good a heat conductor as possible in a lateral section.
- a silicon wafer is used as the sample receiving carrier 1, into which the actual sample chambers 2 are introduced by deep etching in such a way that a sample chamber floor 3 , with sufficient thermal conductivity and low-mass training. The deep etching is continued to the left and right of these sample chambers 2 until only thin webs 5 remain.
- the gap width of these webs is denoted by b sp , which in the context of the invention represents an essential variable that can be variably adapted to the other conditions of the sample carrier 1.
- said webs 5 are provided with a poorly heat-conducting bridge 7, for which purpose thin glass, SiO 2 or Si 3 N 4 platelets as well as suitably applied coatings made from such materials, a lacquer or corresponding combinations are suitable.
- a poorly heat-conducting bridge 7 for which purpose thin glass, SiO 2 or Si 3 N 4 platelets as well as suitably applied coatings made from such materials, a lacquer or corresponding combinations are suitable.
- approximately 200 ⁇ m thick pyrex glass plates are used for the bridging.
- the sample carrier 1 is realized by a mirror-symmetrical assembly along the axis shown in broken lines of two identical sub-carriers produced as described above, which represents a technologically advantageous embodiment, but the invention is not restricted to this.
- the sample chamber floors 3 are provided with a heating element 6, 60, which should advantageously be a thin-film heating element applied to the underside of the sample chamber floor, since it can be easily integrated into the manufacturing process. It is also within the scope of the invention to also provide the sample chamber cover with corresponding heating element arrangements, symmetrical to the sample chamber floor.
- the respective sample chamber floor 3 simultaneously acts as a heat compensation layer, so that samples which can be introduced into the sample chamber 2, not shown, experience a homogeneous temperature gradient, both in heating and in cooling cycles.
- the arrangement described is detected in the lateral direction on both sides by a coupling body 4 serving as a heat sink, which is shown only in parts.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an arrangement created according to FIG. 1 with removed sample chamber cover in schematic and not to scale; in reality there are at least 96 Sample chambers 2 on the silicon wafer 1, at their respective Narrow sides 8 webs 5 called on both sides, as shown, connect.
- the respective single chamber volume can, depending on desired specifications, for example measured to 2 ... 10 ⁇ l.
- the thickness of the as Heat compensation layer acting sample chamber floor 3 can For example, set to 100 ⁇ m.
- For the heating power entry per Sample chamber are only extremely low values, which are between 0.5 ... 5 W. lying, required.
- time constants between 1 ... 6 s
- cooling rates between 5 ... 25 K / s with required temperature strokes of approx. 80 K realizable by the invention.
- the temperature differences inside the sample liquid are below 5 K, so that disturbing Overheating or hypothermia of the sample liquid excluded are.
- a second advantageous embodiment of the invention is shown in a partial side section.
- the production of the sample holder 1 should also correspond to that described in FIG. 1.
- the sample chambers 2 are introduced into the silicon wafer 1 in an array-like manner, which is even more technologically advantageous and, above all, enables a higher number of sample chambers per wafer.
- approximately 6,000 sample chambers, each with a holding volume of approximately 0.1 ⁇ l can be introduced in a 4 ′′ silicon wafer.
- the invention is not limited to the square floor plans of the individual sample chambers 2 shown schematically in FIG Guidance of the etching process is also possible to create circular geometries.
- the poorly heat-conducting bridge to be provided according to the invention is implemented in this embodiment by a gap 51 between the sample chamber floors 3 and a coupling body 41 serving as a heat sink.
- a gap 51 considerably increases the degree of freedom in determining the desired gap dimensioning b ' sp . It is thus possible, on the one hand, to set the gap b ' sp in steps by means of precisely prefabricated spacer rings of different heights, and, on the other hand, to set the gap width variably by means of more complex mechanical adjustment mechanisms.
- the aforementioned alternatives are particularly advantageous when using gases or liquids as poorly heat-conducting bridge materials.
- this version there is also the possibility of applying full-length intermediate layers or coatings in the gap space.
- the gap 51 is formed in terms of material and / or thickness in such a way that with a relationship ⁇ sp / b ' sp , with ⁇ sp as the specific thermal conductivity in the gap, a value between 300 ... 3000 W / K ⁇ m 2 is observed.
- FIG. 5 shows a possibility of a heating element design according to the invention in a cutout, as would be used in a plan view of the sample chamber floor (or lid) according to FIG. 1.
- the structuring of a resistance heating layer which is initially applied over the entire surface is carried out according to the invention in such a way that a wider heating element area and narrower heating webs 60 remain on the respective sample chamber edges over massive areas of the sample chamber receiving body 1 immediately below the sample chamber floor 3, as a result of which a greater heat input into the sample chamber (n ) is guaranteed.
- the heating elements 61 used are shown positioned in the sample chambers, analogous explanations apply to the structuring, as described above.
- the heating elements should be designed such that a higher heating power input into the sample chambers 2 takes place on the side of the sample receiving body 1 facing the coupling body 41.
- the heating elements in this example, as in FIG. 1 will be attached to the bottom or top of the sample chamber floor in the practical embodiment.
- the low heat capacity of the proposed overall system makes it possible to achieve heating and cooling rates which are far superior to those of conventional thermal cyclers with a reduced outlay on equipment.
- temperature change speeds of 15 K / s were easily achieved.
- the temperature differences within the sample are only in the order of 5 K during a heating and cooling phase. After the thermal equilibrium has been set, they decrease to almost 0 K.
- the setting of the thermal equilibrium within a sample takes place in the order of approx 10 s. Due to the possibility of active temperature control created by the invention, combined with the short thermal relaxation time of the sample receiving body, the temperature change rates can be adapted to any given conditions for a given PCR experiment between 1 ... 15 K / s.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Das Verfahren der Polymerase-Ketten-Reaktion (PCR) ist in den letzten Jahren zur Vervielfachung bestimmter DNA-Sequenzen entwickelt worden und in seinen Grundsätzen von Darnell, J.; Lodish, H.; Baltimore, D. in "Molekulare Zellbiologie, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin-New York 1994, S. 256/257" ausgeführt. Unter anderem ist bei diesem Verfahren wesentlich, daß Gemische aus DNA-Sequenzen einer definierten Temperaturwechselbehandlung unterworfen werden. Dazu finden stationäre Probenbehandlungsapparaturen Verwendung, bei denen die entsprechenden Proben in Probenkammern eingegeben und periodisch einem Warm-Kalt-Temperaturzyklus unterworfen werden, wobei sich je nach definiert vorgegebenen Primern die jeweils gewünschten DNA-Sequenzen vervielfachen.
Gegenwärtig wird die PCR vorzugsweise in wegwerfbaren Plastikgefäßen ("Microtubes") oder in standardisierten Mikrotiterplatten für eine Vielzahl von Proben durchgeführt. Die dabei zum Einsatz gelangenden Probenvolumina betragen ca. 10 ... 100 µl (A. Rolfs et all, Clinical Diagnostics and Research, Springer Laboratory, Berlin-Heidelberg (1992). In C. C. Oste et al, The polymerase chain reaction, Birkhäuser, Boston-Basel-Berlin (1993), S. 165 wird auch schon von verwendeten Probenvolumina von 1 ... 5 µl berichtet.
Genannte Microtubes werden mit konventionellen Heiz- und Kühleinheiten temperiert (Marktübersicht Gentechnologie III, Nachr. Chem. Tech. Lab. 41 (1993), M1). Aufgrund der dabei verwendeten massiven Heiz- und Kühlblocks wirken sich insbesondere bei einer Reduzierung der Probenvolumina parasitäre Wärmekapazitäten von Trägern, Heiz- und Kühlelementen als physikalischen Grenzen für eine Verkürzung von Zykluszeiten nachteilig aus. Die Proben erreichen in den Microtubes erst nach ca. 20 ... 30 s ihre Gleichgewichtstemperatur. Überhitzungen und Unterkühlungen lassen sich im praktischen Betrieb kaum vermeiden. Eines der größten Probleme bei einer in genannten Microtubes durchgeführten PCR stellen Temperaturgradienten innerhalb der Proben dar, die zu Temperaturdifferenzen bis zu 10 K führen. Diesem Effekt wird versucht durch beheizbare Abdeckungen entgegen zu steuern, was wiederum den apparativen Aufwand erhöht.
Für eine Automatisierung der PCR kommen bei der Beschickung und Probenanalyse vorwiegend Mikrotiterplatten aus hitzbeständigem Polycarbonat zum Einsatz. Diese verhalten sich thermisch ähnlich wie o.g. Microtubes, sind jedoch vorteilhafter bei der manuellen oder automatischen Probenbeschickung. Allerdings sind auch hier die zum Einsatz gelangenden Gerätelösungen sehr groß und unhandlich.
- Fig. 1
- einen Ausschnitt einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung in einem seitlichen Schnitt,
- Fig. 2
- eine Draufsicht auf einen geöffneten Probenaufnahmeträger in einer Ausbildung entsprechend Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3
- einen teilweisen Ausschnitt einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung in einem seitlichen Schnitt,
- Fig. 4
- eine Draufsicht auf eine mögliche Ausgestaltung eines Probenaufnahmeträgers gemäß Fig. 3 und
- Fig.
- 5 eine Möglichkeit einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizelementausbildung.
Im Beispiel ist der Probenanfnahmeträger 1 durch einen, entlang der strichliniert dargestellten Achse spiegelsymmetrischen Zusammenbau zweier, wie zuvor beschrieben hergestellter, identischer Teilträger realisiert, was eine technologisch vorteilhafte Ausführung darstellt, die Erfindung jedoch nicht darauf beschränkt. Ebenso sind andere Ausführungen der Abdeckung der Probenkammern, bspw. mit Folien geeigneter Wärmeleitfähigkeit, möglich. Die Probenkammerböden 3 sind mit einem Heizelement 6, 60 versehen, welches vorteilhafter Weise, da in den Herstellungsprozeß leicht integrierbar, ein auf die Probenkammerbodenunterseite aufgebrachtes Dünnschichtheizelement sein sollte. Ebenso liegt es im Rahmen der Erfindung, auch den Probenkammerdeckel mit entsprechenden Heizelementanordnungen, symmetrisch zum Probenkammerboden, zu versehen. Der jeweilige Probenkammerboden 3 wirkt gleichzeitig als Wärmeausgleichsschicht, so daß in die Probenkammer 2 nicht dargestellte einbringbare Proben einen homogenen Temperaturgradienten, sowohl in Heiz- als auch bei Kühlzyklen erfahren. Die beschriebene Anordnung ist in lateraler Richtung beidseits von einem als Wärmesenke dienenden Koppelkörper 4 erfaßt, der nur in Teilen dargestellt ist.
Die erfindungsgemäß vorzusehende schlecht wärmeleitende Brücke wird in dieser Ausführungsform durch einen Spalt 51 zwischen den Probenkammerböden 3 und einem als Wärmesenke dienenden Koppelkörper 41 realisiert. Eine solche Ausführungsform erhöht den Freiheitsgrad bei der Festlegung der gewünschten Spaltdimensionierung b'sp erheblich. So ist es einerseits möglich, durch präzise vorfertigbare Distanzringe unterschiedlicher Höhe, den Spalt b'sp in Stufen veränderbar festzulegen, als auch andererseits mittels aufwendigerer mechanischer Verstellmechanismen die Spaltbreite variabel einzustellen. Vorgenannte Alternativen sind besonders bei Verwendung von Gasen oder Flüssigkeiten als schlecht wärmeleitende Brückenmaterialien von Vorteil. Desweiteren besteht aber bei dieser Ausführung auch die Möglichkeit ganzflächige Zwischenlagen oder Beschichtungen im Spaltraum anzubringen. In diesem Zusammenhang erfindungswesentlich ist jedoch, daß der Spalt 51 material- und/oder dickenmäßig so ausgebildet ist, daß bei einer Beziehung λsp/b'sp, mit λsp als spezifischer Wärmeleitfähigkeit im Spalt, ein Wert zwischen 300 ... 3000 W/K·m2 eingehalten ist.
Zu Figur 3, in der der Einfachheit halber die zur Anwendung gelangenden Heizelemente 61 in den Probenkammern positioniert dargestellt sind, gelten analoge Ausführungen zur Strukturierung, wie oben beschrieben. Insbesondere, wenn auch der Probenkammerdeckel mit entsprechenden Heizelementen versehen ist, soll die Ausführung der Heizelementegestaltung so erfolgen, daß ein höherer Heizleistungseintrag in die Probenkammern 2 an der dem Koppelkörper 41 zugewandten Seite des Probenaufnahmekörpers 1 erfolgt. Aus Gründen der einfacheren Herstellbarkeit werden jedoch in diesem Beispiel die Heizelemente, wie in Fig. 1, an der Probenkammerbodenunterseite bzw. -deckenoberseite in der praktischen Ausführung angebracht sein.
Aufgrund der durch die Erfindung geschaffenen Möglichkeit einer aktiven Temperaturregelung, verbunden mit der geringen thermischen Relaxationszeit des Probenaufnahmekörpers, sind die Temperaturwechselraten den jeweiligen Bedingungen für ein gegebenes PCR-Experiment beliebig zwischen 1 ... 15 K/s anpaßbar.
- 1
- - Probenaufhahmekörper (Siliziumwafer)
- 2
- - Probenkammer(n)
- 3
- - Probenkammerboden
- 4, 41
- - Koppelkörper (Wärmesenke)
- 5, 51, 7
- - schlecht wärmeleitende Brücke (Steg, Spalt, Überbrückung)
- 6, 60, 61
- - Heizelement
- 8
- - Probenkammerschmalseite
Claims (10)
- Miniaturisierter Mehrkammer-Thermocycler, einen Probenaufnahmekörper zur Aufnahme von flüssigen Medien beinhaltend, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßein in Mikrosystemtechnik gefertigter Probenaufnahmekörper (1) eine Vielzahl von Probenkammern (2) aufweist, die derart ausgebildet sind, daßwenigstens eine der Probenkammerwandungen jeder Probenkammer, die den Probenkammerboden (3) bildet, gut wärmeleitend, aus einem Material mit einem Wärmeleitwert vergleichbar dem von Silizium bestehend, jedoch massearm ausgebildet ist,die Ankopplung genannter Probenkammern (2) an einen als Wärmesenke dienenden Koppelkörper (4) über wenigstens eine schlecht wärmeleitende Brücke (5, 7) erfolgt, die bezüglich ihrer Geometrie im wesentlichen durch einen durch Mikrostrukturierung erzeugten dünnen Spalt (5) gebildet ist, der sich in lateraler Richtung beidseits an die Schmalseiten (8) genannter Probenkammern (2) anschließt, wobei der Spalt (5) probenkammerseitig mit einer parallel zum Spalt verlaufenden, schlecht wärmeleitenden Überbrückung (7) versehen ist und wobei die Spaltbreite bsp, spezifische Wärmeleitfähigkeit λü der Überbrückung und ihre Dicke dü derart zueinander stehen, daß die Beziehung λü • dü/bsp einen Wert zwischen 0,6 bis 6 W/K•m entspricht,und genannte Probenkammern mit wenigstens einem Heizelement (6) versehen sind, das so ausgeführt ist, daß es in Verbindung mit einer als Wärmeausgleichsschicht wirkenden Probenkammerwandung, die zugleich genannter Probenkammerboden (3) sein kann, eine möglichst homogene Temperaturverteilung in einem, in die Probenkammern (2) einbringbaren flüssigen Medium bewirkt.
- Miniaturisierter Mehrkammer-Thermocycler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für das Material genannter Überbrückung (7) ein Glasplättchen, eine Beschichtung bestehend aus SiO2, Si3N4 oder ein Lack oder Kombinationen der genannten Materialien eingesetzt ist.
- Miniaturisierter Mehrkammer-Thermocycler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Heizelement ein mikrostrukturierter Dünnschichtheizer (6, 60) eingesetzt ist, der mit dem Probenkammerboden in Verbindung gebracht ist.
- Miniaturisierter Mehrkammer-Thermocycler nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Lay-out des Dünnschichtheizers (6, 60) so ausgeführt ist, daß ein größerer Heizleistungseintrag im Bereich der Probenkammerschmalseiten (8) als unter dem Probenkammerboden (3) erfolgt.
- Miniaturisierter Mehrkammer-Thermocycler, einen Probenaufnahmekörper zur Aufnahme von flüssigen Medien beinhaltend, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßein in Mikrosystemtechnik gefertigter Probenaufnahmekörper (1) eine Vielzahl von Probenkammern (2) aufweist, die derart ausgebildet sind, daßwenigstens eine der Probenkammerwandungen der Probenkammer, die den Probenkammerboden (3) bildet, gut wärmeleitend, aus einem Material mit einem Wärmeleitwert vergleichbar dem von Silizium bestehend, jedoch massearm ausgebildet ist,die Ankopplung genannter Probenkammern (2) an einen als Wärmesenke dienenden Koppelkörper (41) über wenigstens eine schlecht wärmeleitende Brücke erfolgt, wobei genannte Brücke einen alle Probenkammern (2) in ihren Probenkammerbereich einerseits erfassenden Spalt (51) umfaßt, an den sich ein Koppelkörper (41) anschließt, wobei der Spalt (51) material- und dickenmäßig so ausgebildet ist, daß bei einer Beziehung λsp/b'sp, mit λsp als der spezifischen Wärmeleitfähigkeit im Spalt und b'sp als der Spaltdicke, ein Wert zwischen 300 ... 3000 W/K•m2 eingehalten ist,und genannte Probenkammern mit wenigstens einem Heizelement (61) versehen sind, das so ausgeführt ist, daß es in Verbindung mit einer als Wärmeausgleichsschicht wirkenden Probenkammerwandung, die zugleich genannter Probenkammerboden (3) sein kann, eine möglichst homogene Temperaturverteilung in einem, in die Probenkammern (2) einbringbaren flüssigen Medium bewirkt.
- Miniaturisierter Mehrkammer-Thermocycler nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Spalt (51) bezüglich seiner Spaltbreite (b'sp) vorbestimmbar, stufenweise veränderbar und dann fixierbar ist.
- Miniaturisierter Mehrkammer-Thermocycler nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mittel vorgesehen sind, die den Spalt (51) bezüglich seiner Spaltbreite (b'sp) variabel einstellen lassen.
- Miniaturisierter Mehrkammer-Thermocycler nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Spalt (51) mit einem in fester Form vorliegendem Material, insbesondere einem SiO2-, Si3N4- oder Glasplättchen, verfüllt ist, bzw. mit einer Beschichtung aus genannten Materialien oder einem Lack versehen ist.
- Miniaturisierter Mehrkammer-Thermocycler nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Spalt (51) ein flüssiges oder gasförmiges Medium beinhaltet.
- Miniaturisierter Mehrkammer-Thermocycler nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Probenkammern (2) mit entsprechend ausgeführten Dünnschichtheizelementen (61) derart versehen sind, daß ein größerer Heizleistungseintrag im Bereich der Probenkammerbodenbereiche (3) als in den Probenkammerdeckelbereich erfolgt.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19519015 | 1995-05-24 | ||
| DE19519015A DE19519015C1 (de) | 1995-05-24 | 1995-05-24 | Miniaturisierter Mehrkammer-Thermocycler |
| PCT/EP1996/002111 WO1996037303A1 (de) | 1995-05-24 | 1996-05-17 | Miniaturisierter mehrkammer-thermocycler |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0772494A1 EP0772494A1 (de) | 1997-05-14 |
| EP0772494B1 true EP0772494B1 (de) | 2003-04-02 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96916103A Expired - Lifetime EP0772494B1 (de) | 1995-05-24 | 1996-05-17 | Miniaturisierter mehrkammer-thermocycler |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5939312A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0772494B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE19519015C1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1996037303A1 (de) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5939312A (en) | 1999-08-17 |
| DE19519015C1 (de) | 1996-09-05 |
| EP0772494A1 (de) | 1997-05-14 |
| WO1996037303A1 (de) | 1996-11-28 |
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