EP0769825B1 - Borne de connexion, en particulier pour la connexion de conducteurs de dérivation à un conducteur principal, et un élément de contact approprié - Google Patents

Borne de connexion, en particulier pour la connexion de conducteurs de dérivation à un conducteur principal, et un élément de contact approprié Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0769825B1
EP0769825B1 EP96115829A EP96115829A EP0769825B1 EP 0769825 B1 EP0769825 B1 EP 0769825B1 EP 96115829 A EP96115829 A EP 96115829A EP 96115829 A EP96115829 A EP 96115829A EP 0769825 B1 EP0769825 B1 EP 0769825B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact element
clamping
connection terminal
terminal according
spring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96115829A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0769825A3 (fr
EP0769825A2 (fr
Inventor
Falk Hardt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gerhard Petri GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
GPH GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by GPH GmbH filed Critical GPH GmbH
Publication of EP0769825A2 publication Critical patent/EP0769825A2/fr
Publication of EP0769825A3 publication Critical patent/EP0769825A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0769825B1 publication Critical patent/EP0769825B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/24—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands
    • H01R4/2404—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands the contact members having teeth, prongs, pins or needles penetrating the insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R11/00—Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts
    • H01R11/11—End pieces or tapping pieces for wires, supported by the wire and for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal or conductive member
    • H01R11/20—End pieces terminating in a needle point or analogous contact for penetrating insulation or cable strands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/26—Connections in which at least one of the connecting parts has projections which bite into or engage the other connecting part in order to improve the contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R9/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, e.g. terminal strips or terminal blocks; Terminals or binding posts mounted upon a base or in a case; Bases therefor
    • H01R9/03—Connectors arranged to contact a plurality of the conductors of a multiconductor cable, e.g. tapping connections
    • H01R9/031—Connectors arranged to contact a plurality of the conductors of a multiconductor cable, e.g. tapping connections for multiphase cables, e.g. with contact members penetrating insulation of a plurality of conductors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a contact element for generating an electrical contact between the main conductor of a ground line and branch line, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention relates to a terminal for connecting branch conductor to the main conductor of a ground line, according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • Terminals are used to connect at least one branch conductor with a main conductor, which is usually laid in the ground and as such must not be interrupted, d. H. a separation of the main conductor and interposition of a connector to the branch for the branch conductors is prohibited according to appropriate regulations.
  • a terminal for connecting branch conductors to main conductors of a ground line which has a plurality of clamping elements which can be attached to and enclose the main conductor.
  • the terminal has a plurality of contact elements in the assembled state between a core of a main conductor of a ground line and generate a branch conductor an electrical contact.
  • the contact element has at least one opening for introducing a branch conductor, wherein the contact element tooth-shaped contacts, which are suitable to pierce the insulation of a main conductor and to produce the electrical contact between the contact element and the main conductor.
  • the clamping elements are connected to each other and to the main conductor via a clamping device secured in position.
  • the branch conductors are secured in position by means of clamping screws in the clamping elements at their extraction.
  • the clamping screws have a, according to the branch conductor, large, possibly almost equal outside diameter, which is obviously necessary to exert the necessary clamping force on the branch conductor.
  • a contact socket for receiving extremely thin components which are not larger than a human hair.
  • spring elements with pointed tongues are provided which are to establish an electrical contact between the contact socket and the hair-thin contact pin, while ensuring an unlimited often pulling out of the contacts from the socket.
  • the present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a contact element, which is suitable for the connection of at least one branch conductor to a main conductor, and thus finds universal application, both the electrical connection and the position assurance of the branch conductor against pulling out by simple measures and to be ensured without additional clamping screws.
  • the present invention seeks to improve a terminal of the type mentioned in such a way that it can be used universally and in particular a particularly simple fixation of the or the branch conductor in the terminal allows.
  • the contact element (39) has at least two spring elements (57) which are formed substantially the same, wherein the spring elements (57) spring means (67) and in the opening (51) of the contact element (39) are angeornet, and that the spring elements (57) are annular and are provided by the inner edge (61) of the annular spring element (57) starting notches (63) extending in the direction of the outer edge (65) of the spring element (57), wherein between two adjacent notches (63) one of the spring means (67) is formed, wherein the spring means engage the branch conductor such that both a position assurance of the branch conductor (15) without additional screwing and jamming and the electrical contact between the branch conductor (15) and contact element (39) generated is, is a particularly simple mounting of the contact elements, in particular without the use of other plant or groan . Reached screws elements
  • the spring device is deformed upon insertion of the branch conductor through this and thus generates both a position assurance of the branch conductor and an electrical contact between the contact element and branch conductor.
  • the spring element used in the contact element according to the invention is able to produce the required position securing force for the branch conductor, wherein in addition a good electrical contact due to the deformed Sections of the contact element and thus their investment is ensured at this.
  • the contact element has at least two spring elements which are suitable for branch conductors of different cross-sectional dimensions, a universal applicability of the contact element and thus of the terminal is provided. For example, by different diameters branch conductors of different diameters can be held by an embodiment of a terminal.
  • the contact element has two openings for receiving two branch conductors.
  • two branch lines for two different houses can be clamped.
  • the axes of the openings coincide, wherein additionally advantageously the axis or the axes parallel to the axis of the main conductor in the terminal runs or run.
  • this advantageously serves as a stop for the branch conductor when it is inserted into the opening.
  • tooth-shaped contacts are arranged in several rows next to each other.
  • the contact element may be sleeve-shaped.
  • Terminals especially those that are laid in the ground, must be permanently protected against ingress of dirt and moisture, so that the electrical connection is permanently secured.
  • the clamping element has at least one opening inwardly towards the main conductor cavity for receiving a contact element. This is advantageously achieved that the contact element against the exterior of the terminal is completely sealed and thus penetration of moisture and dirt can be reliably prevented.
  • the terminal is composed of a plurality of clamping elements, which are formed sector-shaped for this purpose.
  • a terminal with four clamping elements is formed, which may be identical in their design. This in turn advantageously has a simplification in the production of the clamping elements result.
  • main conductors are used, which have different sizes in their veins.
  • a main conductor is used in which three cores are sector-shaped with an angle of greater than 90 ° and a fourth wire as a neutral is located in the remaining fourth sector, this wire may for example also be present as a round wire.
  • clamping elements are formed, d. H. Three clamping elements with larger sector dimensions and one clamping element with a smaller sector are used.
  • the clamping elements are formed in a circular arc segment ( FIG. 3 and 5 ).
  • three clamping elements are formed with a corresponding sector angle ⁇ , and the fourth, smaller clamping element has a correspondingly smaller sector angle.
  • a sealant for further sealing of the electrical connection points of contact element or clamping element and main conductor, is provided, which extends between the inner peripheral side of the contact element and the main conductor.
  • the opening of the contact element, in which the branch conductor is inserted, are sealed to the outside.
  • this is designed as a rib-like, provided with externally accessible depressions body.
  • the clamping element has a wedge projecting in the direction of the main conductor, which makes it possible for the wedge to be able to be inserted between two wires of the main conductor when applying the clamping element, thus achieving a first holding of the loose clamping element on the main conductor.
  • the wedge is advantageously divided into two spaced part wedges, which are advantageously arranged in axial end regions of the clamping element, so that there is provided between them for the introduction of the contact element in the clamping element, a corresponding space.
  • the clamping element has one, preferably two, in the axial direction oppositely extending, queritessverjüngende areas, which extend from the end faces of the clamping member.
  • the projection areas can advantageously be formed integrally with the clamping element, so that the clamping element can be produced, for example, as an injection-molded part.
  • the clamping device for clamping the clamping elements to each other and to the main conductor is preferably formed as a pipe clamp, which can be placed in a simple manner around the clamping elements.
  • the clamp may be band-shaped and have a helical tightening element which applies by screws a corresponding torque on the clamping elements.
  • the screw of the helical tightening element is designed as Abr regardingkopfschraube. Upon reaching a corresponding tightening torque thus breaks off the head of this screw, which also supports a particularly simple and secure installation of the terminal.
  • FIG. 1 shows in a perspective schematic representation of a terminal 1, which is arranged around a main conductor 3.
  • the main conductor 3 has an insulating jacket 5 which surrounds a multicore cable harness 7.
  • the cable harness 7 comprises four wires.
  • the area 9 is surrounded by the terminal 1, which has four clamping elements 11, of which in FIG. 1 three are visible.
  • clamping element 11 which is provided with openings 13, in each of which a branch conductor 15 is inserted.
  • the other clamping elements 11 also have openings for the branch conductor 15.
  • the four sector-shaped clamping elements 11 are surrounded by a band-shaped pipe clamp 17, which has a helical tightening element 19.
  • the clamping elements 11 shown there have smooth outer surfaces, whereas in an alternative embodiment according to FIG. 2 a clamping element 25 is shown, the rib-shaped structures with after outside open recesses or cavities 27 is provided. Ribs 29 and 30 define these cavities 27.
  • FIG. 2 shows the clamping element 25 on its end face 31 on a cross-sectional tapered projection portion 33, wherein the taper extends in the direction of the outside or in the axial direction of the clamping member 25.
  • the partially broken section A is used in conjunction with FIG. 6 described.
  • FIG. 3 shows a sectional view along the line III-III of FIG. 2 , From this sectional view, the structure of the clamping element 25, which is identical except for the outer contour with the structure of the clamping element 11, clearly. For the sake of clarity, the illustration of the spring elements is omitted here and is in FIG. 5 shown.
  • a cavity 35 is formed, which is open from the inside 37 of the clamping member 25 ago.
  • a contact element 39 is inserted, which is formed so that it follows the contour of the cavity 35 on the one hand and the inside 37 of the clamping member 25 on the other hand.
  • tooth-shaped contacts 43 are provided which taper towards the main conductor point.
  • a band-shaped sealant 45 is further provided on the underside 41 of the contact element 39.
  • the clamping element 25 further has a wedge 47, which serves for a first position securing the clamping element 25 on the main conductor.
  • FIG. 4 is shown in reduced form a clamping element 25 with two projection portions 33 schematically.
  • the clamping element 25 in this case has two partial wedges 47, which are arranged on the respective end regions of the clamping element 25. In between, there is a free space 49, which serves in particular to introduce the contact element 39 from below into the cavity 35 of the clamping element 25.
  • band-shaped sealant 45 is visible and in conjunction with FIG. 3 shows that the tooth-shaped contacts 43 are arranged in three rows of 4 teeth each.
  • FIG. 5 is the view of an insulated inventive contact element 39, as shown in FIG. 3 is shown as inserted into the clamping element 25 part. Out FIG. 5 is an end opening 51 can be seen with reference to FIG. 6 is explained in more detail.
  • FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of the contact element 39 according to the invention according to the line VI-VI of FIG. 5 ,
  • the contact element 39 has a symmetrical design with two openings 51 whose axes 53 and 54 coincide in this embodiment.
  • a partition wall 55 is formed, which can serve as a stop for a branch conductor.
  • spring elements 57 are provided, one of which in FIG. 7 is shown in plan view
  • each opening 51 three sets 59 of spring elements 57 are arranged.
  • the spring element 57 is annular, with notches 63 running from the inner edge 61 to the outer edge 65, which result in flexible spring devices in the form of tongues.
  • a sector-shaped clamping element 11 or 25 after the other is inserted by means of the wedge 47 between two wires of the main conductor 3 and is initially secured in position.
  • the band-shaped pipe clamp 17 is placed around the clamping elements 11 and tightened by Abr designedkopfschraube 21.
  • the tooth-shaped contacts 43 penetrate into the insulating sheath of each core, cut through this and meet the actual metallic conductor of the corresponding core.
  • the branch conductor 15 is inserted into the opening 13 or 51 and passes through one or more spring element sets 59.
  • the spring means 67 deform and grind on the surface of the branch conductor 15 such that the oxide layer located thereon is severed and an electrical contact is made .
  • the spring devices 67 jam on the branch conductor and prevent it being able to be pulled out of the opening 51 or 13 counter to its insertion direction. This will be both a safe electrical Contact or a secure electrical connection created as well as a secure anchoring of the branch conductor 15 in the opening of the clamping element 11 and 25 ensured.
  • the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. Depending on requirements, for example, more clamping elements can be provided, for example, in main conductors with more than four wires.
  • the contact element 39 has two openings 51 in the illustrated example case. When using the terminal for only one branch, however, it is sufficient that only about half of the contact element 39 is provided, ie. H. that only one opening 51 is provided.
  • the training and the number of rings 57 can be configured according to variable.
  • polygonal internal recesses of the rings could be provided, and the holding and contacting action of a spring element 57 may already be sufficient to securely hold the corresponding branch conductor in the contact element and to ensure the electrical connection.

Landscapes

  • Cable Accessories (AREA)
  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
  • Connections Arranged To Contact A Plurality Of Conductors (AREA)
  • Connections By Means Of Piercing Elements, Nuts, Or Screws (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Elément de contact pour une utilisation dans un élément de serrage (11, 25) d'une borne de raccordement (1), en particulier pour le raccordement d'au moins un conducteur de dérivation (15) à un conducteur principal (3), comprenant au moins un orifice (13, 51) pour l'insertion du conducteur de dérivation (15) et des contacts (43) en forme de dents, dont les extrémités servent à l'engagement avec le conducteur principal (3) pour générer la liaison électrique entre le conducteur principal (3) et le au moins un conducteur de dérivation (15),
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'élément de contact (39) présente au moins deux éléments de ressort (57), qui sont conçus sensiblement identiques, les éléments de ressort (57) présentant des dispositifs de ressort (67) et étant disposés dans l'orifice (51) de l'élément de contact (39) et en ce que les éléments de ressort (57) sont conçus avec une forme annulaire et des entailles (63) sont prévues à partir du bord intérieur (61) de l'élément de ressort (57) de forme annulaire, qui s'étendent en direction du bord extérieur (65) de l'élément de ressort (57), l'un des dispositifs à ressort (67) étant formé entre deux entailles (63) voisines, les dispositifs à ressort s'engageant sur le conducteur de dérivation de telle sorte qu'aussi bien un blocage en position du conducteur de dérivation (15) sans vissages et coincements supplémentaires que le contact électrique entre le conducteur de dérivation (15) et l'élément de contact (39) sont générés.
  2. Elément de contact selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente au moins deux éléments de ressort (57) qui sont appropriés pour des conducteurs de dérivation présentant différentes dimensions de section.
  3. Elément de contact selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente deux orifices (51) pour le logement de deux conduites de dérivation, les axes (53, 54) des orifices (51) coïncidant sensiblement.
  4. Elément de contact selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une paroi de séparation (55) est prévue entre les orifices (51).
  5. Elément de contact selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les contacts (43) en forme de dent sont réalisés les uns à côté des autres dans une rangée.
  6. Elément de contact selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il est conçu en forme de douille.
  7. Borne de raccordement (1) pour le raccordement d'un conducteur de dérivation (15) à des fils du conducteur principal (3) d'une ligne de terre, comprenant au moins deux éléments de serrage (11, 25), qui peuvent être placés autour du conducteur principal (3) et entourent celui-ci, les éléments de serrage (11, 25) étant conçus de façon identique et en forme de segments d'arc de cercle, sachant qu'ils présentent d'autre part au moins une cavité (35) s'ouvrant vers l'intérieur en direction du conducteur principal, cavité dans laquelle un élément de contact (39) est réceptionné, et sachant qu'il présente à chaque fois au moins un orifice (13), dont l'axe se situe sur l'axe de l'orifice (51) de l'élément de contact (39) introduit dans la cavité (35) et est disposé parallèlement à l'axe du conducteur principal (3),
    ainsi qu'avec un dispositif de blocage (17, 19) pour la fixation des éléments de serrage (11, 25) sur le conducteur principal (3) de la ligne de terre,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'élément de contact (39) est réalisé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6.
  8. Borne de raccordement selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce qu'elle présente quatre éléments de serrage (11, 25) de conception identique.
  9. Borne de raccordement selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce qu'elle présente trois éléments de serrage conçus de façon identique et un élément de serrage de préférence plus petit différent des premiers.
  10. Elément de raccordement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que, pour étanchéifier le point de contact entre l'élément de contact (39) et le conducteur principal (3), il est prévu une masse d'étanchéité, de préférence sous la forme d'une bande d'étanchéité (45), qui s'étend entre le côté intérieur (41) de l'élément de contact (39) et le conducteur principal (3).
  11. Borne de raccordement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisée en ce que l'élément de serrage (25) est conçu comme un corps en forme de nervure et doté de cavités (27) accessibles par l'extérieur.
  12. Borne de raccordement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 11, caractérisée en ce que chaque corps de serrage présente une clavette (47) débordant en direction de la ligne principale (3).
  13. Borne de raccordement selon la revendication 12, caractérisée en ce que la clavette (47) est divisée en au moins deux clavettes partielles (47) espacées l'une de l'autre.
  14. Borne de raccordement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 13, caractérisée en ce que l'élément de serrage présente une, de préférence deux zones de saillie (33) se rétrécissant en section, qui s'étendent à partir des côtés avant de l'élément de serrage (11, 25).
  15. Borne de raccordement selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que les zones de saillie (33) sont conçues d'une seule pièce avec l'élément de serrage (25).
  16. Borne de raccordement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 15, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de blocage est conçu sous la forme d'un collier d'attache.
  17. Borne de raccordement selon la revendication 16, caractérisée en ce que le collier d'attache (17) est conçu de préférence en forme de bande et présente un élément de serrage (19) de forme hélicoïdale.
  18. Borne de raccordement selon la revendication 17, caractérisée en ce que la vis de l'élément de serrage (19) de forme hélicoïdale est une vis à tête à arracher (21).
EP96115829A 1995-10-20 1996-10-02 Borne de connexion, en particulier pour la connexion de conducteurs de dérivation à un conducteur principal, et un élément de contact approprié Expired - Lifetime EP0769825B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19539184 1995-10-20
DE19539184A DE19539184C3 (de) 1995-10-20 1995-10-20 Kontaktelement zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen Kontaktes zwischen Hauptleiter und Abzweigleiter sowie Anschlußklemme mit diesem Kontaktelement

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0769825A2 EP0769825A2 (fr) 1997-04-23
EP0769825A3 EP0769825A3 (fr) 1998-02-25
EP0769825B1 true EP0769825B1 (fr) 2008-09-10

Family

ID=7775407

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96115829A Expired - Lifetime EP0769825B1 (fr) 1995-10-20 1996-10-02 Borne de connexion, en particulier pour la connexion de conducteurs de dérivation à un conducteur principal, et un élément de contact approprié

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6045373A (fr)
EP (1) EP0769825B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE408249T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19539184C3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2332957T3 (fr)

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EP2251936B1 (fr) * 2009-03-24 2012-01-18 GT Elektrotechnische Produkte GmbH Borne de dérivation pour câble
EP2333904A1 (fr) * 2009-12-11 2011-06-15 Nexans Dispositif de connexion électrique entre les conducteurs d'un cable fort courant et des fils de dérivation
ES2445320T3 (es) 2011-12-21 2014-03-03 3M Innovative Properties Company Dispositivo de conexión de terminal para un cable eléctrico
US9742180B2 (en) 2013-06-26 2017-08-22 3M Innovative Properties Company Power cable terminal connection device

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DE3933609A1 (de) * 1989-10-07 1991-04-11 Hollandse Apparatenfab Kabelabzweigklemme
FR2656742B1 (fr) * 1989-12-29 1992-04-17 Materiel Electr Soc Ind Element detrompeur pour dispositifs de connexion destines au branchement de derivations sur des cables principaux.
DE9011571U1 (de) * 1990-08-08 1991-01-03 Gerhard Petri Gmbh + Co. Kg, 8670 Hof Abreißkopfschraube
DE9201942U1 (de) * 1992-02-15 1992-04-02 Kabelmetal Electro Gmbh, 30179 Hannover Abzweigmuffe für Niederspannungskabel
DE29512567U1 (de) * 1995-08-04 1995-10-05 Electro-Terminal Gesellschaft m.b.H., Innsbruck Schraubenlose Verbindungsklemme

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0769825A3 (fr) 1998-02-25
DE19539184A1 (de) 1997-04-24
DE19539184C2 (de) 1999-03-11
DE19539184C3 (de) 2002-12-12
ATE408249T1 (de) 2008-09-15
ES2332957T3 (es) 2010-02-15
EP0769825A2 (fr) 1997-04-23
US6045373A (en) 2000-04-04
DE59611485D1 (de) 2008-10-23

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