EP0767260A2 - Optische Faser und Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu ihrer Herstellung - Google Patents

Optische Faser und Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu ihrer Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0767260A2
EP0767260A2 EP96202734A EP96202734A EP0767260A2 EP 0767260 A2 EP0767260 A2 EP 0767260A2 EP 96202734 A EP96202734 A EP 96202734A EP 96202734 A EP96202734 A EP 96202734A EP 0767260 A2 EP0767260 A2 EP 0767260A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinders
optical fiber
sea
spinning
island
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96202734A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0767260A3 (de
Inventor
Susumu Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. Shimizu
Akio Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. Sakihara
Kinya Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. Kumazawa
Hiroshi Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. Tabata
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo KK
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo KK
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo KK, Nissan Motor Co Ltd filed Critical Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo KK
Publication of EP0767260A2 publication Critical patent/EP0767260A2/de
Publication of EP0767260A3 publication Critical patent/EP0767260A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/34—Core-skin structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/36—Matrix structure; Spinnerette packs therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fabrication process and machine of high performance optical fiber using a melt spinning method, and more particularly to fabrication process and machine for reliably spinning high performance sea island optical fiber composed of at least two kinds of fibers into a predetermined shape.
  • This optical fiber has a cross section of a sea island type, as shown in Fig.1a, and comprises a core 1 extending in a longitudinal direction, 10 pairs of wings 2 connected to, and arranged with slits therebetween on, both the sides of the core 1, the core 1 and the wings 2 constituting an island part 3, and a sea part 4 filling up the periphery of the island parts 3 and the slits between the wings 2.
  • the island part 3 and the sea part 4 of the sea island type optical fiber are made different in their optical refractive indexes and satisfy their optical reflection and interference conditions to provide optical fiber having a vivid color and a color taste changeable in a direction to be seen.
  • the sea part of the optical fiber is dissolved and only the island part is used as the optical fiber, as shown in Fig.1b.
  • the above described optical fiber is constituted by the wings having a thickness of approximately 0.01 to 0.1 ⁇ m, and it is the most essential point in the steps from the polymer dissolution to the fiber preparation to certainly separate the slits between the adjacent wings 2 to maintain the predetermined shape.
  • the spacing between the adjacent wings 2 is narrow and a mutual contact or fusion is often caused in the wings 2.
  • Fig.2 is a perspective view, partly in section, seen from the lower side, of a spinneret for fabricating optical fiber, omitting a lower funnel-shaped nozzle portion
  • Fig.3a is a longitudinal cross section of the spinneret shown in Fig.2, including the lower nozzle portion
  • Fig.3b is a cross section along a line C - C of Fig.3a.
  • the spinneret 5 includes a ring-shaped spinning head 8 having polymer inlets 6 and 7 for the island and sea parts 3 and 4, a bottom 9, and a concavo-convex-shaped partition wall 10 for a flow path control of the island part 3, mounted on the bottom 9, so as to surround the space corresponding to the island part 3 in its upper half,
  • the spinneret 5 also includes a spinning seat 12 having a funnel-shaped spinning nozzle 11 in its center under the spinning head 8 in its lower half.
  • a polymer for the island part 3 is introduced from the polymer inlet 6 into the inside of the partition wall 10 and another polymer for the sea part 4 from the polymer inlet 7 into the peripheral space of the partition wall 10, resulting in forming the shapes corresponding to the island part 3 and the sea part 4 of the optical fiber, as shown in Fig.1a, in conformity to the internal and external shapes of the partition wall 10.
  • the two polymers contact their conforming surfaces to each other to integrate, while moving down in the spinning nozzle 11, to spin into a sea island type optical fiber, as shown in Fig.1a.
  • the sea part polymer supplied from polymer inlet 7 of Fig.3 penetrates into the space between the wings for the island part polymer to partition every wing to maintain the precise dimension.
  • the height of the partition wall partitioning the wing from the adjacent wing is made to be high to make a longitudinal dimension into which the island part polymer sufficiently penetrates.
  • the dimension of the island part flow path constituting the wing is made small, the width of the wing and the space between the wings are made narrow so that even with such a high precision processing technique as a laser beam machining and an electric discharge machining, it is difficult to make a high partition wall with currently employed machining techniques. Accordingly, the height must be small.
  • the adjacent wings 2 tend to contact to each other or to be fusible, and the optical fiber often fails to have the required optical characteristics. This is a main cause to prevent from its practical use.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide optical fiber manufactured by means of the above fabrication process.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a fabrication machine of optical fiber employable in the above fabrication process.
  • a fabrication process of optical fiber comprising supplying sea part fluid and island part polymer to a plurality of sea part-forming cylinders and island polymer flow paths, respectively, of a spinning head including, at the bottom thereof, the cylinders each having upper and lower openings at a uniform space so as to obtain a ratio of an internal dimension thickness or an inner diameter of the cylinder to space between the adjacent cylinders in a range of 30:1 to 1:30, and the island part polymer flow paths around the cylinders; and conducting the spinning by means of a funnel-shaped spinning nozzle of a spinning seat positioned below the cylinders.
  • the sea part fluid which fills in the adjacent wings of the sea parts with itself or separates the said wings reaches to the spinning nozzle guided by the cylinders without passing through other paths. Accordingly, the sea part fluid is supplied with certainty to the predetermined position or to the space between the adjacent wings so as to fill the space with itself or to present in the space during the spinning process.
  • the sea part fluid is a polymer as in the case of a conventional machine
  • a ratio between the polymers passing through the both paths makes a difference of the amounts of the polymers filling the space between the wings to exert bad influences on the optical characteristics of the optical fiber obtained.
  • the supply paths can be determined without any trouble so as to provide the optical fiber excellent in its optical characteristics without the fusion between the adjacent wings.
  • the adjacent wings are never in contact with each other during the spinning process because the gas which is guided by the cylinders is supplied into the space between the adjacent wings, so that the optical fiber having the hollow sea parts of the predetermined shape without the fusion of the adjacent wings can be provided.
  • the number of steps is largely decreased and the optical fiber can be advantageously fabricated less costly compared with the conventional process in which the above-mentioned two kinds of polymers are employed to fabricate the optical fiber of which the sea parts are filled with the polymers followed by the dissolution of the sea parts.
  • the sea parts are required to present in the form of layers or the sea parts which ordinarily have the rectangular shape are required to position in parallel.
  • the cross sections of the sea part-forming cylinders are made rectangular or oval, the optical fiber having the sea parts of a rectangular or oval section can be obtained.
  • the comparable optical characteristics may be manifested even if the shape of the sea parts is an ellipse.
  • the cross section of the sea part-forming cylinders may be made circular and the obtained sea parts of the circular section may be deformed to the oval sea parts by means of compressing.
  • optical fiber in accordance with the present invention may be fabricated through one of the several processes previously described, and the said optical fiber possesses the excellent optical characteristics as mentioned.
  • the fabrication machine in accordance with the present invention can also provide the optical fiber of the excellent optical characteristics.
  • the optical fiber as shown in Fig.4 can be obtained when cylinders having a rectangular or oval section are employed as sea part-forming cylinders.
  • the optical fiber of Fig.1b can be obtained when the sea parts of the optical fiber are dissolved by means of a solvent.
  • 20 rectangular parts are formed in total, and this part is referred to at a sea part 14 and a portion of the island parts 15 positioned between the adjacent sea parts 14 is especially referred to as a wing 16 in the present specification in conformity with Fig.1a and b.
  • the optical fiber strongly exhibits its optical functions when a ratio of the thickness of the sea part 14 to the thickness of the wing 16 ranges from 30 : 1 to 1: 30. This may be described more in detail employing the reflection and interference conditions.
  • the optical functions are strongly exhibited when a ratio of the optical thickness of the sea part and that of the wing is in a range between 1 : 5 and 5 : 1, and the optical functions become maximum when the ratio is 1 :1 (so-called quater wavelength).
  • Optical thickness herein is defined as "geometrical thickness (ordinarily referred to simply as 'thickness' x optical refraction index".
  • the sea parts 14 may be left as they are in the optical fiber of Fig.4.
  • the target optical fiber can be obtained by dissolving the sea parts 14 with a solvent to leave only the island parts and to make the sea parts to air layers.
  • the refraction indexes of the island part material and of the sea part material are required to be different for generating color, the ratio of the both refractions is preferably not less than 1 : 1.1 if desired.
  • the optical refraction indexes of the polymers constituting the fiber may be difficult to be largely different.
  • the ratio of the both optical refraction indexes is 1.56 : 1 which is a very large value to be secured so that a high refraction index can be obtained even if the number of the wings are small. Because of the obtainment of the so-called remarkably vivid coloring and the like, the employment of the gas in one part is important.
  • the sea part gas can be supplied in place of the conventional sea part polymer to the sea part-forming cylinders and the island polymer can be supplied to the periphery of the cylinders so as to conduct the spinning for obtaining the optical fiber shown with solid lines in Fig.4. Accordingly, in the present invention, the sea part fluid, that is, the sea part polymer or the sea part gas is supplied to the sea part-forming cylinders.
  • the island part is formed by the polymer and the sea part is formed as an air layer or another gas layer employing the machine shown in Figs.2 and 3, the polymer and the gas are joined at the stage of entering into the inlet to become composite fiber so that the island parts having the target wings 16 cannot be completely constituted.
  • the gas changes its original shape by the time of the spinning from the spinning nozzle by means of a surrounding pressure (discharge pressure of polymer) and the target shape cannot be exhibited because the structure of the wings is connected as a whole so that the inlet flow path constituting the air layer runs from the inlet to the discharge aperture.
  • the sea part fluid corresponding to the sea part polymer filling in the space between the wings 2 of the optical fiber of Fig.1 guided by the cylinders equipped on and connected with the spinning head the whole amount of the sea part fluid supplied reaches to the spinning inlet with certainty. Since, in other words, the sea part fluid reaches to the spinning inlet through a single path, the optical fiber having the desired optical characteristics in which the space between the adjacent wings is always filled with the sea part fluid or the adjacent wings are always separated by the sea part fluid, different from the machine of Figs.2 and 3, can be fabricated.
  • the cross section of the cylinder is not restricted to rectangular or oval.
  • the cylinder may have a portion such as an ellipse cross section suitably overlapping with the shape of the optical fiber, especially the shape of the sea part.
  • the adjacent sea parts are desirably shaped as parallel rectangular forms or parallel oval forms. If the cross section of the cylinder is circular, the desired optical characteristics cannot be obtained. However, if the optical fiber having the circular section is compressed in the direction perpendicular to the cross section, the circle is deformed to an oval to provide optical fiber having the excellent optical characteristics. In this case, the island parts are required to exist in the whole periphery of the sea parts so that it is not applicable to the conventional optical fiber shown in Fig.4.
  • the cross section of the sea part-forming cylinder is not required to have a same diameter along the flow of the sea part fluid, and the section may be diminished in size, for example, in the shape of taper.
  • the material of the cylinder is not especially restricted, and the cylinder may be constituted by material having the resistance to the sea part fluid and the island part polymer and exerting no bad influence to the polymer and the fluid.
  • the sea part polymer and the island part polymer to be used in the optical fibers spun by the present machine it is sufficient that their optical characteristics, particularly, optical refractive indexes are different.
  • polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene and the like
  • polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polytetramethylene terephthalate and the like, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyfluoroethylene, polyacetals, poly-phenylene sulfide, polymethyl methacrylate and the like
  • copolymers of these compounds can be also used.
  • the sea part gas any gas which does not react with the island part polymer and does not corrode the cylinder, for example, nitrogen gas may be employed.
  • Fig. 5 to Fig. 9 show a first embodiment of a fabrication machine of optical fiber according to the present invention.
  • Fig.5 is its vertical cross sectional view;
  • Fig.6 is a vertical cross sectional view taken along the line A - A shown in Fig.5;
  • Fig.7 is a vertical cross sectional view taken along the line B - B shown in Fig.5;
  • Fig.8 is a vertical cross sectional view taken along the line C - C shown in Fig.5;
  • Fig.9 is a partially broken perspective view.
  • the fabrication machine 21 of optical fiber comprises a spinning head 24 having a sea part fluid inlet 22 of a relatively large diameter in its center and a plurality of island part polymer inlets 23 in its peripheral part; and 30 pieces in total of sea part-forming cylinders 26 having upper and lower openings corresponding to the sea parts 14 of Fig.4 and downwardly mounted on a bottom plate 25 of the spinning head 24.
  • a spinning seat 28 having a funnel-shaped spinning nozzle 27 in its center corresponding to a position below the cylinders 26.
  • the sea part polymer penetrates into the sea part-forming cylinders 26 from the bottom 25 of the head 24 while the island part polymer penetrates into a space formed by the bottom 25 of the head 24 and the upper plate of the seat 28 from the outlet of the island part polymer inlet 23 so that the two polymers fill the space between the adjacent cylinders 26 and the space around it.
  • the both polymers supplied to the inside and outside of the cylinders 26 are integrated at a position below the cylinders, and the integrated polymer is spun while it descends along the funnel-shaped spinning nozzle 27 to be taken out as optical fiber.
  • the adjacent wings 16 of the island parts 14 are surely separated and the adjacent wings 16 are never fused with each other as shown Fig.4 so that the optical fiber thus spun possesses the predetermined optical characteristics and the optical characteristics of the obtained optical fiber are never deteriorated.
  • sea part gas and the island part polymer are supplied to the sea part fluid inlet 22 and the island part polymer inlets 23, respectively, the sea part gas penetrates into the sea part-forming cylinders 26 from the bottom 25 of the head 24 while the island part polymer penetrates into a space formed by the bottom 25 of the head 24 and the upper plate of the seat 28 from the outlet of the island part polymer inlet 23.
  • Optical fiber was fabricated employing the spinning machine shown in Figs.5 to 9.
  • the number of the cylinders was 30 pieces in total and the respective 15 pieces were aligned in parallel in two lines and a pitch between the parallel portions was made to be 0.6 mm.
  • the specification of an extrusion machine for spinning employed in this Example was as shown in Table 1.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polystyrene (PS) were employed as an island part polymer and a sea part polymer, respectively, and the spinning was conducted under the conditions of a spinning temperature of 270 to 290 degree Cels. , the rotation number of a gear pump for the sea part polymer of 14 rpm, and that for the island part polymer being in a range of 1.5 to 3 rpm, and a roll-up speed of 5000/min.
  • the outer dimensions of the spun fiber were such that the thickness thereof in the direction of 15 aligned lines of the sea part layers was 3.3 ⁇ m, the thickness of the wing was 0.08 ⁇ m, and the space between the wing and the adjacent wing Table 1 (Specification of Composite Spinning Machine) Items 1st Extruder 2nd Extruder (B Block) (A Block) Molten (Extrusion) Part Screw Diameter (mm) ⁇ 25 ⁇ 25 Screw Revolution (rpm) 8-80 5-50 Max. Use Temp.
  • Fig.10 is its vertical cross section
  • Fig.11 is a horizontal cross section taken along the line B - B shown in Fig. 10.
  • the spinning machine is similar to that shown in Fig.5, and differs from the latter only in that the periphery of the cylinders 26 is not in contact with the upper periphery of the spinning nozzle 27 to make a space.
  • the description of the other members is omitted by putting the same numerals as those in Fig.5.
  • the outer dimensions of the spun fiber were such that the thickness thereof in the direction of 15 aligned lines of the air layers was 4.0 mm, the thickness of the wing was 0.08 ⁇ m, and the fiber having the two lines in which the air layers as the space between the wings were stretched at an interval of 0.12 ⁇ m was obtained, and this fiber excellently exhibited the optical functions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
EP96202734A 1995-10-02 1996-10-02 Optische Faser und Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu ihrer Herstellung Withdrawn EP0767260A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP278306/95 1995-10-02
JP7278306A JPH0995818A (ja) 1995-10-02 1995-10-02 光学繊維並びにその製造方法及び装置

Publications (2)

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EP0767260A2 true EP0767260A2 (de) 1997-04-09
EP0767260A3 EP0767260A3 (de) 1997-06-11

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EP96202734A Withdrawn EP0767260A3 (de) 1995-10-02 1996-10-02 Optische Faser und Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu ihrer Herstellung

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EP (1) EP0767260A3 (de)
JP (1) JPH0995818A (de)
KR (1) KR970022377A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0877103A2 (de) * 1997-04-28 1998-11-11 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Faserstruktur, daraus hergestellte Gewebe, und Textilgut
EP0877102A1 (de) * 1997-04-16 1998-11-11 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbundfasern und Spinndüse dafür
WO1998050609A1 (en) * 1997-05-02 1998-11-12 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Fibers with optical function
WO1999018268A1 (en) * 1997-10-02 1999-04-15 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Fiber structure and textile using same
CN104928767A (zh) * 2014-03-21 2015-09-23 馨世工程教育有限公司 一种静电离心式多功能纺丝设备

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59228042A (ja) 1983-06-03 1984-12-21 株式会社クラレ 鱗片構造繊維を含む織物
JPS6024847B2 (ja) 1980-04-07 1985-06-14 株式会社クラレ 玉虫調効果を有するポリエステル繊維
JPS62170510A (ja) 1986-01-22 1987-07-27 Toray Ind Inc 干渉色を有する繊維
JPS63120642A (ja) 1986-11-10 1988-05-25 東レ株式会社 干渉色を有するシ−ト状物およびその製造方法
JPS6364535B2 (de) 1983-06-02 1988-12-12
JPH01139803A (ja) 1988-06-30 1989-06-01 Toray Ind Inc 異形断面繊維
JPH0617349A (ja) 1992-06-30 1994-01-25 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 自然光の反射、干渉作用を有する構造体

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08218218A (ja) * 1995-02-16 1996-08-27 Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk 光学機能繊維の製造方法
JPH08226012A (ja) * 1995-02-16 1996-09-03 Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk 光学機能異形断面繊維製造用紡糸口金
JPH08226011A (ja) * 1995-02-16 1996-09-03 Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk 光学機能異形断面繊維製造用紡糸口金

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6024847B2 (ja) 1980-04-07 1985-06-14 株式会社クラレ 玉虫調効果を有するポリエステル繊維
JPS6364535B2 (de) 1983-06-02 1988-12-12
JPS59228042A (ja) 1983-06-03 1984-12-21 株式会社クラレ 鱗片構造繊維を含む織物
JPS62170510A (ja) 1986-01-22 1987-07-27 Toray Ind Inc 干渉色を有する繊維
JPS63120642A (ja) 1986-11-10 1988-05-25 東レ株式会社 干渉色を有するシ−ト状物およびその製造方法
JPH01139803A (ja) 1988-06-30 1989-06-01 Toray Ind Inc 異形断面繊維
JPH0617349A (ja) 1992-06-30 1994-01-25 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 自然光の反射、干渉作用を有する構造体

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PROCEEDINGS OF THE TEXTILE MACHINERY SOCIETY OF JAPAN, vol. 42, no. 2, 1989, pages 160

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0877102A1 (de) * 1997-04-16 1998-11-11 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbundfasern und Spinndüse dafür
EP0877103A2 (de) * 1997-04-28 1998-11-11 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Faserstruktur, daraus hergestellte Gewebe, und Textilgut
EP0877103A3 (de) * 1997-04-28 1999-02-10 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Faserstruktur, daraus hergestellte Gewebe, und Textilgut
US6335094B1 (en) 1997-04-28 2002-01-01 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Fiber structure, cloths using same, and textile goods
WO1998050609A1 (en) * 1997-05-02 1998-11-12 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Fibers with optical function
US6243521B1 (en) 1997-05-02 2001-06-05 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Fibers with optical function
WO1999018268A1 (en) * 1997-10-02 1999-04-15 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Fiber structure and textile using same
US6326094B1 (en) 1997-10-02 2001-12-04 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Fiber structure and textile using same
CN104928767A (zh) * 2014-03-21 2015-09-23 馨世工程教育有限公司 一种静电离心式多功能纺丝设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR970022377A (ko) 1997-05-28
EP0767260A3 (de) 1997-06-11
JPH0995818A (ja) 1997-04-08

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