EP0764755A2 - Electrically powered stay - Google Patents

Abstract

The lever mechanism is used for opening and closing the control flap, ventilator, or fanlight and has a pair of scissor-type lever arms (10,20a,20b) which are pivoted together and an actuator in the form of a spindle rod (41) incorporated in one of the lever arms. The spindle rod is rotated by an electric setting motor and applies an opening force between the lever arm via one or a pair of coupling rods (30a,30b), completely covered by the lever arm in the closed position.

Description

The technical field of the invention is the adjustable stay scissors with which wings or flaps can be opened and closed. This also includes closure elements that open openings for ventilation purposes in order to emit smoke and heat from a building. The scissors can also be used to open and close domes for the same purposes. Roof windows can also be opened and closed with the scissors.

Usually, skylight opener scissors have two scissor arms, one of which is fixed in a scissor holder on the frame or on the frame and the other can be pivoted relative to the fixed scissor arm via a joint. The opening movement is achieved by a coupling mechanism, which is attached between the fixed and the movable scissor arm and which usually has a plurality of links which are operated by an actuating or pull rod. The pull rod can be driven by an electric motor. Due to the nature of the matter, such scissors often have considerable internal play, since they have to be used to compensate for both the opening movement and a slight pivoting movement (“tilting movement”) around the adjusting rod. This "relatively loose structure" of scissors driven in this way prevents these scissors from being used in a variety of ways, their field of application is mostly limited to opening skylight windows, domes or skylights cannot be opened (upwards) with these scissors due to their internal instability .

The invention is therefore at heart (problem) to create a precisely operated scissors that is compact and versatile at the same time. Despite its compact design and its versatility, it should have a high opening and closing force without the user having to use the same high level of force.

This is achieved if the adjustable stay scissors have two (or more) scissor arms which are connected to one another in an articulated manner and an actuator is arranged in or on one of the scissor arms. The actuator has a spindle rod with which the opening force is introduced or applied between the two or more articulated scissor arms (claim 1).

To solve the same problem, a method is proposed with which an opening force can be applied between scissor arms of a pair of scissors, which force is generated within one of the scissor arms and is transmitted to the other scissor arm (s) via one (or more) coupling rod 15).

Such a method and the device on which it is based make it possible to dispense with adjusting rods. The opening force is provided by an especially electrically driven motor and is, so to speak, "integrated in the scissors"; the opening force is not specified from the outside, but the scissors generate them in themselves and move two (or more) scissor arms apart by the spindle rod adjusts an actuator (exhibitor, coupling rod) that can be pivoted with respect to each of the scissor arms (claim 4).

The attachment of the articulation points of the actuating member can be chosen to apply maximum opening force from the closed position in such a way that a clear distance, in particular approximately in the order of magnitude of the total height of the (closed) scissors, is provided in the plane of the setting plane. In the difficult closed position of the scissors, a high initial opening force is available due to this largest, effective lever arm, which is particularly advantageous when opening flaps, domes, skylights, greenhouse covers or sealing lids.

If the power source - the actuator - is arranged in or on one of the scissor arms, the power source also moves with the movement of the scissor arms, it is no longer necessary for one of the scissor arms in a scissor holder to be fixed to a frame, frame or a roof area is fixed, rather it is preferred if the scissors are articulated at both ends (claim 8, claim 9, claim 10, claim 11). A possible articulated attachment is a hinge joint. A double hinge joint can also be provided in order to enable two pivot axes which are perpendicular to one another; on the one hand the opening level of the opening scissors pivots ("scissor level" in which the scissor arms move) and on the other hand one of the adjusting arms pivots about an axis in the plane of the frame or frame (see also FIG. 4d). An articulated connection at one or the other end of the scissors can also be a swivel connection, the bearing point of which can be tilted (slightly) by a small amount. This is the case, for example, with a pin / slot arrangement (claim 9, 10), which can also be adjustable in order to adapt the scissors to a specific or a plurality of rollover thicknesses (perpendicular to the frame plane) of the wing.

The aforementioned possibilities of articulatingly attaching the opening level of the opening scissors (scissor level) to the sash and / or the fixed frame or frame part enables stable and compact guidance of all parts in the scissors themselves. The scissors are therefore inherently stable and hold their opening position without giving in . An inherent instability due to the necessary play can be avoided since the necessary compensatory movements are shifted into the articulation points at the ends of the scissors (claim 8, 9 or claim 8, 11).

The scissors therefore remain precisely positioned in every position, the wing or the dome is guided precisely on it, and yet the scissors can move with the movement of the dome or wing. With such a design, it is possible to define "the scissor plane" in which the scissor arms and the extension rods remain in a guiding manner.

Despite its compactness and its high opening force with stable guidance, the scissors can be used in many ways because the scissor level with the outer articulation points can be arranged anywhere between the flap / sash and the fixed frame / roof section, so that both the opening force and the opening angle (in opposite directions) are controlled can be and one or more scissors in synchronous parallel operation can operate a larger wing or a larger dome.

The compactness is used when the actuator is integrated in a scissor arm (claim 3). The smallest overall height can then be achieved when closed. This overall height can be reduced further if the scissor arms are constructed from profiles and the opening members are completely covered in the closed state (claim 14).

The exhibiting members ("exhibitors") can be articulated directly or indirectly to the scissor arms (claim 4), the indirect articulation being that via the converter which is displaced from the spindle rod in or on the one scissor arm (claim 5). The articulation point between two or three scissor arms is provided in the end area, in particular in the respective closely adjacent corner areas (claim 6). The cheapest power transmission and the maximum opening travel is achieved if the actuator is arranged close or directly to the articulation point (or articulation points) which are provided between the main scissor arms (claim 7).

An advantageous lead-out of the electrical connecting line is at this joint between the two scissor arms, when two scissor arms are used (claim 11). If three scissor arms are used, the electrical line from the middle scissor arm is routed via one of the outer scissor arms and leaves the scissors at the articulation point or hinge point, which ensures attachment to the stationary frame, roof or wall area.

The possibility of using three scissor arms with two outer and one central scissor arm was already mentioned, the drive with the spindle rod being provided in the central scissor arm (claim 13). It applies its opening force to two coupling links (opening lever), which simultaneously and evenly transmit their movement to the two outer scissor arms. The opening stroke can thus be practically doubled if the movable part and the fixed part (e.g. roof area or dome) are arranged (articulated) at the end sections of the outer scissor arms.

Both outer scissor arms are articulated in the end area to the middle scissor arm, which carries the electromotive force.

In this case, all three scissor arms and the exhibitors transmitting the opening and closing force pivot during an opening movement from a dome or a skylight (claim 16). None of the scissor arms remains fixed on the frame or roof section, but is connected to it via at least one joint.

In spite of the large number of articulation points, the deployment movements can be defined more precisely and precisely, so that the deployment angle that is obtained can be predetermined precisely for a certain time that the motor remains switched on. Clearance and idle stroke do not exist for the "electric shears" described.

• (a) An der Zargenebene oder Rahmenebene ist ein einfaches Scharniergelenk oft ausreichend (vgl. auch Figur 1). Auch bei Verstellen einer Dachkuppel ist es so ausgebildet.
• (b) An der Verschlußelement-Ebene (Flügel, Klappe, Dachfenster) kann ein einfaches Schwenklager vorgesehen sein, wenn die Scherenebene bei der Verstellbewegung nicht gegen die Verschlußelement-Ebene "verkippt", vielmehr beide senkrecht zueinander bleiben (vgl. auch Figur 3b, Figur 5b).
• (c) Wird ein Flügel mit einer mittig (parallel zur Flügel-Schwenkachse) angeordneten Schere verstellt, so ist das Scharniergelenk gemäß (a) doppelachsig (vgl. auch Figur 4d). Auch bei Verstellen einer Dachkuppel, ist es dann so ausgebildet, wenn die Scherenebene parallel zur Kuppel-Schwenkachse liegt.
  Wenn die Scherenebene die Verschwenkebene der Kuppel/Klappe nicht schneidet, ist das Lager an dem Verschlußelement zum Kippen und Verschwenken ausgebildet, um die Veränderung des 90°-Winkels zwischen Scherenebene/Verschwenkebene zu ermöglichen.

Depending on the type of attachment, the articulation points are designed at the ends of the scissor arms (transition from scissor level to sash level or frame level) (claims 8 to claim 11).

• (a) A simple hinge joint is often sufficient at the frame level or frame level (see also FIG. 1). It is also designed in this way when adjusting a roof dome.
• (b) A simple pivot bearing can be provided on the closure element level (sash, flap, skylight) if the scissor level does not "tilt" against the closure element level during the adjustment movement, but rather both remain perpendicular to one another (cf. also FIG. 3b, Figure 5b).
• (c) If a wing is adjusted with scissors arranged in the middle (parallel to the wing pivot axis), the hinge joint is double-axis according to (a) (cf. also FIG. 4d). Even when adjusting a roof dome, it is designed so that the scissor plane is parallel to the dome pivot axis.
  If the scissor plane does not intersect the pivoting plane of the dome / flap, the bearing is formed on the closure element for tilting and pivoting in order to enable the 90 ° angle between the scissor plane / pivoting plane to be changed.

In case (b) or (c) an adjustment of the respective bearing height leads to an adaptation to the thickness of a wing flap.

It should be mentioned that the stretching position of a two-arm pair of scissors with an intermediate coupling member is approximately 90 °, two outer scissor arms are articulatedly connected to a mid-motor scissor arm via a coupling member, so that a stretching position of almost 180 ° can be achieved. Depending on the application, you can choose which stretch position is required and whether this stretch position also provides the desired leverage at the appropriate location on the wing.

The motorized scissors are not limited to a specific location, for example a skylight window or a dome. The skylight windows can be operated from the side or in the middle, the domes can be operated close to their swivel joint or far from their swivel joint, any intermediate layer is also conceivable, as is the possibility of providing roof windows with upward movements if the scissors are on his - the swivel bearing of the Roof window remote - end section are arranged.

Due to the internal opening and closing force, the scissors no longer protrude into the room when attached to roof domes or skylights, but are either arranged flat on the edge of the opening area or in the opening area level. This is also the reason for the possibility of installing shading devices directly on the window without having to tolerate disruptive adjustment devices; the scissors according to the invention lie laterally next to the shading device and nevertheless actuate the wings.

Several exemplary embodiments are intended to explain and supplement the invention and to show an extract from the large number of possible uses .

Figure 1 and Figure 1a is an example of a two-armed stay scissors in the open and closed state. Its height is H ₂ .

FIG. 2 and FIG. 2a show a three-arm stay scissors with a center arm, in which the electric motor drive 41 is arranged and which, via a converter 12, pivots the two outer scissor arms 20a and 20b in each case by approximately 90 ° with respect to the center arm. Figure 2a is the representation of this stay scissors in the closed state. Its height is H ₃ .

In Figures 1.1a, 2.2a, the "scissor plane" is the paper plane.

3a, 3b and 3c show the possibility of using the scissors according to FIG. 1 to open a window 2 (also a skylight), one of the scissors being arranged on both sides of this window. The side view in Figure 3c and Figure 3b is shown once in the closed and once in the open state of the stay scissors.

4a, 4b, 4c, 4d show an area of application which corresponds to that of FIG. 3 , but only one pair of scissors is provided, which is arranged approximately in the middle of the upper edge area of the window to be opened. The location in Figure 4a corresponds approximately to that where known scissors with actuating rod drive are attached.

5a and 5b show the closed and the open state of a pair of scissors according to FIG. 1 in a further application, when a flap 3 is opened, which is shown here as a dome light. For a small opening angle with a high positioning force, the scissors are provided in the opening area, at the end furthest from the joint 4a of the dome.

Figure 1a is a representation of a two-armed scissors in the closed state. It has a connecting joint 31, from which two scissor arms 10, 20 extend. The scissor arm 10 contains an actuator 40 which drives a spindle rod 41. The scissor arm 20 is formed from a U-shaped profile and is connected via a coupling rod 30, which is articulated on it, to a converter 12 which is slidably mounted in the other scissor arm 10. This converter 12 and its articulation point 33 to the coupling arm 30 can be seen from the open position in FIG. 1 .

In the closed position in FIG. 1a , the motor 40 begins to rotate the spindle rod 41 so that the transfer element 12 moves towards the motor. An opening force is applied via the force arm x, which corresponds to the distance between the articulation points 33 and 32 in the scissor plane.

The opening force is due to the scissors themselves and the scissor arms open due to an "internal force. Actuating rods or pull ropes acting on the scissors from a separately arranged motor or operating handle are not required.

In the open position in FIG. 1 , the converter 12 has reached the end of the spindle 41 near the motor. The angle 21 at the outer end of a scissor arm 20 (without a servomotor) and the hinge joint 11 at the outer end of the motor arm 10 are shown in a pivoting position, which corresponds to the frame (at joint 11) and the wing (at angle 21). Both the motor scissor arm 10 and the motorless articulated arm 20 are no longer in a position parallel to the frame or sash. They both pivot with them, as does the coupling rod 30, which connects them to one another in an articulated manner for display purposes. The two bearings, the hinge 11 on the window frame and the bracket 21 - which can also be a sash bracket for skylight openers - compensate for the sideways-downward movement of the skylight, the scissors remaining stable even in a non-pivoting plane.

In another application, the hinge joint 11 can be designed as a double hinge joint. The wing bracket or bracket 21 then has a connection of a pin 22 guided in a slot 21a, which not only permits a rotary movement but also a tilting movement. An outward-downward movement (for skylight windows) or an upward-sideways movement (for roof domes) is permitted despite maintaining the scissors level.

The servomotor 40 has a gear 42 which converts a high motor speed into an actuating rod speed. The motor 40 is fixedly arranged with its end remote from the adjusting rod directly in the joint 31 in the motor arm 10, its electrical connections are shown schematically.

The formation of the nose of one end of the coupling rod 30 on the conversion element 12 ensures that the distance x between the articulation points 33 and 32 is particularly large in order to achieve a high initial opening force.

The scissors illustrated in FIGS. 1 , 1a are shown in an exemplary application only, namely that of opening a skylight with side scissors. The typical movement sequences accordingly can be easily understood between the closed position in FIG. 1a and the open position in FIG. However, if these scissors are operated in other applications, their angular positions of the scissor arms and the rotational movements and angular positions of the articulation points 11 and 21 on the frame and sash also change accordingly.

Figure 2 and Figure 2a illustrate a pair of scissors with three scissor arms 10, 20a and 20b. The middle arm 10 contains the motor drive 40 and the spindle rod 41. Also present is a relocating element 12 which converts the spindle rod rotational movement into a longitudinal movement and transmits it to an outer scissor arm 20a, 20b via the coupling arms 30a, 30b. Both outer scissor arms are at the same height above each other Joint 31a, 31b connected to the motor arm 10. The nose heights of the coupling arm ends are approximately half as large as in FIG. 1 .

With this design of the motor scissors, an opening angle of approximately 180 ° is achieved, measured between the two outer scissor arms.

Both outer scissor arms are attached to the frame and sash via joints 21, 11, the sash being opened here by more than 90 °. The preferred application for the 180 ° scissors is to open flaps, hatches or smoke vents where a large opening is desired.

In the closed state in FIG. 2a , these scissors, despite their large opening width, are almost as compact as the 90 ° scissors shown in FIG. 1a . Both coupling members 30a, 30b are covered by a profile in the closed scissors, both outer scissor arms being designed as profiles.

The center scissor arm can also be a profile in which the motor 40 with its gear 42 is installed.

Figures 3a, 3b and 3c shows a parallel movement of two scissors 19a, 19b. They are arranged via wing brackets or mounting brackets 21 with their motorless extension arm 20 (see FIG. 1) on the wing 2 (articulated) and with their motor scissor arm 10 (see FIG. 1) via a single hinge joint 11 on the frame (articulated) ) arranged. 3c shows the closed position, in the open position the scissors 10, 20, 30 have the position shown in FIG. 3b . Due to the internal force that closes and opens the scissors, it is possible to obtain exactly synchronous positioning movements when two motor scissors are attached, so that the simultaneous activation of both scissors ensures that both sides of the leaf are opened evenly . In the closed state, both leaf sides are locked evenly firmly , since the internal force acts not only in the opening direction, but also in the closing direction, so that additional locking mechanisms can be dispensed with.

With two scissors it is possible to fold or open even large areas evenly without having to provide additional control mechanisms or synchronous running devices.

The scissors 19a, 19b have a slim design and are visually appealing when closed, since no exposed joints and adjusting rods are required. With appropriate color design, these scissors are attached to the window almost inconspicuously.

FIGS. 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d show a front view and a side view of a closed window and a view of the opening area (FIG. 4c) of the opened window and the side view in FIG. 4d of the open position according to FIG. 4c.

The scissors according to FIG. 1 is arranged here centrally at the upper edge of the wing 2 to be opened. The motor arm 40 is articulated on the frame 1 with a double swivel joint 11a and the motorless scissor arm 20 is articulated via a pin 22 of a wing bracket 21 to the free end of the wing 2 which can be swung out and which has an elongated hole there.

The movement from the closed position into the open position proceeds as described in FIGS. 1, 1a, but the scissor plane tilts with respect to the sash plane.

Another application is described in FIGS . 5a, 5b . A two-arm scissors with motor drive is also used there (FIG. 1), but a three-arm scissors (FIG. 2) could also be used.

The scissors are arranged with their outer articulation points 11, 21 at the free end of the dome 3 and at the inner edge region of a frame 4. Due to the 90 ° setting angle, the dome cannot be fully opened with this method of attachment, but high forces are applied to the dome 3 to open it, because the lever arm in this way of attachment is maximum. If the dome 3 is to be opened further - but then with a reduced lifting force - the scissors 19 can be arranged on the frame 4 and dome 3 near the swivel joint 4a of the dome 3.

The closed state in FIG. 5a illustrates that virtually no space is required for the motor-operated scissors 19 and the scissor plane is approximately perpendicular to the roof plane. The scissors 19 stands out due to their almost horizontal rest position and their compact design.

The hinge joint 11, with which the scissors 19 is attached to the frame 4, is pivoted open in the closed state and is pivoted when opening to an angle greater than 90 °. Compensating movements due to the two fixed pivot bearings 4a, 11 allow all scissor arms to rotate.

It is particularly clear from FIG. 5b that almost any application area is opened with one and the same pair of motor scissors 19, because either a high opening force with a short travel range or a low opening force with a long travel range can be set by the choice of the mounting position. This depends on the distance at which the scissors 19 are attached to the pivot bearing 4a of the dome 3. Another factory setting is possible by changing the length of the scissor arms 10, 20.

Regardless of the location, it is permanently ensured that the opening and closing movement of the dome 3 are precise and repeatable (reproducible) because the scissors 19 with their two scissor arms 10, 20 and their coupling member 30, which is guided on the converter 12 having a spindle nut has no inner play.

None of the above-mentioned components of the motor-operated scissors leaves the scissors level, only the articulation points 11, 21 provide the necessary compensatory movements (swiveling, two-axis swiveling, tilting, rotating tilting).

The technical field of the invention is the motorized adjustable scissors and a method by which these scissors can open and close flaps, skylights or smoke vents. The aim is to create a compact folding scissor that can be used in many different ways and yet works precisely. This is achieved when two scissor arms are articulated and an actuator is fixed in or on one of the scissor arms. The actuator has a spindle rod which applies an opening force between the two scissor arms (10, 20, 20a, 20b, 10), which can be done via one or two coupling rods (30, 30a, 30b).

In the closed state, the coupling rod (s) (30a, 30b, 30) is completely covered by the scissor arm.

A pair of scissors designed in this way can be arranged on the frame or base or flap or wing so that it can be tilted (pivoted) with the end regions which are not articulatedly connected to the other scissor section.

Claims (16)

Motorized adjustable (adjustable) scissors (19), in which
two scissor arms (10, 20; 10, 20a, 20b) are articulated (31a, 31b) and one (10) of the
An actuator (40, 42) (fixed) is assigned to scissor arms (10, 20; 10, 20a, 20b) and has a spindle rod (41). Scissors according to claim 1, in which
a movement converter (12) is guided in the longitudinal direction in one scissor arm (10) and is connected to the spindle rod (41) via a threaded section. Scissors according to one of the claims mentioned, in which
the spindle (41) with the actuator (40, 42) is integrated in one scissor arm (10). Scissors according to one of the claims mentioned, in which
an actuator (30; 31a, 30b) is provided between the scissor arms (10, 20; 10, 20a, 20b) and is pivotally mounted directly (32) or indirectly (33a, 33b; 33; 12) on each scissor arm. Scissors according to claim 4, in which
one end of the actuating member (30; 30a, 30b) is articulated on the converter (12). Scissors according to one of the claims mentioned, in which
the scissor arms (10, 20; 10, 20a, 20b) are each articulated (30; 31a, 31b) at their one end section - in particular in their respective corner area. Scissors according to one of the claims mentioned, in which
the actuator (40, 42) is arranged in the one scissor arm (10) near the connecting joint (31a, 31b; 31) of the scissor arms. Scissors according to one of the claims mentioned, in which
one of the scissor arms (10, 20a) has a hinge joint (11) on its section facing away from the joint (31; 31a, 31b). Scissors according to one of the claims mentioned, in which
one of the scissor arms (10, 20a) - in particular the other - has a wing articulation device (21, 21a, 22) on its section facing away from the joint (31; 31a, 31b), which tilts the wing plane against the scissor plane ( 10.20) allowed (Figure 4d). Scissors according to claim 9, in which the wing articulation device (21, 21a, 22) comprises: (a) a pin-slot arrangement (22, 21a), in which the pin (22), which is arranged in particular on a wing bracket (21), is tiltably held in the slot (21a), which is provided in particular at the end of the scissor arm; and or (b) an adjustment device suitable for adapting the scissor height (H ₂ , H ₃ ) to a certain wing overlap thickness (d). Scissors according to one of claims 1 to 8, in which
one of the - in particular the other - scissor arms (10, 20a) has on its - section facing away from the joint (31; 31a, 31b) a - in particular Closure element (flap, dome, skylight window) allowed (Figure 3b, Figure 5b). Scissors according to one of the claims mentioned, in which
the connecting line of the actuator (40) is led out at the end of a scissor arm (10, 20a) on which the / a hinge joint (11) is arranged. Scissors according to one of the claims mentioned, in which
on the scissor arm (10) in / on which the actuator (40, 42) is arranged, two further scissor arms (20a, 20b) are articulated (31a, 31b), which are shared by the actuator (40, 42) via one each Extension lever (30a, 30b) are adjustable. Scissors according to one of the claims mentioned, in which
the or both raising levers (30a, 30b) are arranged and designed on the converter (12) and on the other scissor arm (20a, 20b; 20) in such a way that the closed profile scissor arms cover the raising lever (30a, 30b; 30). Method for adjusting scissors (19) for flaps, skylights or smoke extraction, in which
the force required for adjustment is generated within one of the scissor arms (10, 20; 20a, 20b) and is transmitted to the other scissor arm (s) via one (or more) exhibitors (30; 30a, 30b). The method of claim 15, wherein
swivel both or all scissor arms (10, 20; 20a, 20b) more or less clearly with the adjusting movement in the attached state, without the attached scissors protruding significantly from the installation site into the room.

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