EP0753536B1 - Composition de résine thermoplastique apte à l'inscription par laser - Google Patents

Composition de résine thermoplastique apte à l'inscription par laser Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0753536B1
EP0753536B1 EP19950304916 EP95304916A EP0753536B1 EP 0753536 B1 EP0753536 B1 EP 0753536B1 EP 19950304916 EP19950304916 EP 19950304916 EP 95304916 A EP95304916 A EP 95304916A EP 0753536 B1 EP0753536 B1 EP 0753536B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxide
thermoplastic resin
stands
resin composition
keys
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP19950304916
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0753536A1 (fr
Inventor
En Lai c/o Chiba Research Center Zhang
Kiyoshi c/o Chiba Research Center Sugie
Mioko c/o Chiba Research Center Suzuki
Yoshinari c/o Chiba Research Center Ogawa
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Teijin Ltd
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Teijin Ltd
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Priority to DE1995616862 priority Critical patent/DE69516862T2/de
Priority to EP19950304916 priority patent/EP0753536B1/fr
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Publication of EP0753536B1 publication Critical patent/EP0753536B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/267—Marking of plastic artifacts, e.g. with laser

Definitions

  • thermoplastic resin composition having laser marking ability. More specifically, the invention relates to a thermoplastic resin composition which can form distinct marking with excellent contrast upon exposure to laser irradiation. More particularly the invention relates to keyboards having keys with laser-marked tops; and to methods of making such keys.
  • This technology comprises incorporating a light- or heat-absorbing additive in raw materials in advance, thereby to cause foaming, decomposition or carbonization under the laser irradiation to induce changes in the surface of the material or bleach of pigment or dye, whereby the desired marking is achieved.
  • Japanese Patent Publication No.61-11771 discloses a method in which distinct marking with laser beam is formed by incorporating a mount of a carbon black or graphite.
  • Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No.1-254743 discloses a method for improving marking ability of plastics with YAG laser, which comprises adding titanium oxide and optionally further carbon black with the plastics.
  • Japanese Patent Publication No.61-41320 and Laid-open Patent Publication No.61-192737 describe methods of marking, utilizing decoloration or discoloration of pigments, dyestuffs etc.
  • Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-47314 discloses a marking method in which volatile component(s) in the resin to be marked, such as unpolymerized monomers or decomposition products, are foamed by laser beam to form projection on the resin surface, whereby marking is formed.
  • Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 4-246456 teaches that marking with good contrast can be obtained by adding to plastics carbon black and/or graphite which are highly thermoconductive.
  • Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2-59,663 discloses a process for making plastic key members, using a colouring powder which responds to heat irradiation or a dye powder sensitive to heat radiation.
  • the laser marking portion formed by foaming have a low degree of blackness.
  • use of carbon black markedly enhances the foaming, which causes notable decrease in black color development.
  • EP-A-0 190 997 describes a method for marking a macromolecular organic material containing an additive which causes discoloration by laser light (inorganic and/or organic pigment and/or polymer soluble dye).
  • DE-A-4 329 395 discloses a material which comprises at least one thermoplastic organic polymer containing at least one mineral black pigment and a colorant consisting of an inorganic and/or organic pigment(s) and/or a polymer soluble dye and which can be color marked by laser light.
  • thermoplastic resin composition comprising
  • thermoplastic resins used for the present invention include such general-purpose resins as polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS and the like; and such engineering plastics as aromatic saturated polyesters, polycarbonates, polyamides, polyacetals and the like.
  • the preferred aromatic saturated polyesters are those whose main acid component is derived from terephthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, or their ester-forming derivatives and main diol component is composed of at least one aliphatic diol such as ethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol and the like.
  • aromatic polyesters of high crystallization rate e.g., polybutylene terephthalate, polyproplylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate are particularly preferred, the most preferred being polybutylene terephthalate.
  • thermoplastic aromatic polyesters may be partially substituted with a copolymerizable component.
  • copolymerizable components include aromatic dicarboxylic acids, e.g., alkyl-substituted phthalic acids such as isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, methylterephthalic acid and methylisophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acids such as 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, diphenyldicarboxylic acids such as 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid and 3,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, and diphenoxyethanedicarboxylic acids such as 4,4'-diphenoxyethanedicarboxylic acid, etc.; aliphatic or alicyclic dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, a
  • the above aromatic polyesters may further be copolymerized with not more than 1.0 mol%, preferably not more than 0.5 mole, more preferably not more than 0.3 mol%, of a polyfunctional ester-forming acid such as trimesic acid, trimellitic acid or the like or a polyfunctional ester-forming alcohol such as glycerine, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, etc., as a branching component.
  • a polyfunctional ester-forming acid such as trimesic acid, trimellitic acid or the like
  • a polyfunctional ester-forming alcohol such as glycerine, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, etc.
  • Preferred polycarbonate resins to be used in this invention are those which are derived from dihydric phenols and have molecular weight ranging 10,000 to 100,000, more preferably 15,000 to 60,000, as expressed in terms of viscosity-average molecular weight.
  • Such polycarbonate resins are usually obtained through reaction of dihydric phenols with carbonate precursors according to the solution phase or melt phase method.
  • the dihydric phenols include 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol-A), 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propane and bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, etc.
  • bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) alkanes are preferred, the most preferred being bisphenol-A.
  • the ABS resin used for the invention is selected from known resins formed by adding acrylonitrile and butadiene, in various forms, to polystyrene.
  • AS resin styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer resin
  • BR polybutadiene
  • AS resin styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer resin
  • BR polybutadiene
  • AS resin styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer resin
  • BR polybutadiene
  • BR polybutadiene
  • AS resin styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer resin
  • BR polybutadiene
  • AS resin styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer resin
  • AS resin styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer resin
  • BR polybutadiene
  • AS resin styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer resin
  • AS resin styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer resin
  • thermoplastic resins to be used in the present invention polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polybutylene naphthalenedicarboxylate, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyacetal, ABS, polyethylene and polypropylene are particularly preferred. These may be used either singly or as mixtures.
  • the resin composition contains a glaze having the oxide composition mentioned above, and consisting of (a) oxides of monovalent or divalent metals, (b) oxides of trivalent metals and (c) oxides of tetra- to hexa-valent metals.
  • oxides of monovalent or divalent metals are K 2 O, Na 2 O, Li 2 O, Cu 2 O, CaO, MgO, CoO, PbO, ZnO, BaO, FeO, MnO, CdO, CuO, NiO and SrO.
  • the oxides of trivalent metals include, for example, Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , Mn 2 O 3 and As 2 O 3 .
  • the oxides of tetra- to hexa-valent metals include, for examples, SiO 2 , TiO 2 , SnO 2 , ZrO 2 , CeO 2 , Sb 2 O 5 , V 2 O 5 , P 2 O 5 , UO 3 and MoO 3 .
  • the metal oxide glaze is used in an amount of 0.001 to 2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin.
  • the total content of the glaze preferably ranges from 0.005 to 2 parts by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin.
  • the "glaze”, which has no fixed chemical structure, like glass, is made by calcining the metal oxides (a), (b) and (c), and can be classified in various manners, e.g., china glaze and porcelain glaze, etc. according to the kind of calcination product; feldspars glaze, lime glaze, etc. according to the starting material which is the source of the main component; or frit glaze, salt glaze, etc. according to the type of production system. It is of little significance to which of these classes does the "glaze" state as referred to in this invention belong.
  • thermoplastic resin composition of the present invention may further contain a black pigment or black dye, in an amount of not more than 2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin.
  • black pigments or black dyes for example, carbon-based black pigments, black metal oxides and black dyes are conveniently used. Of these, black metal oxides are more preferred.
  • pigments and dyes may be added, depending on the intended use of individual compositions.
  • inorganic pigments e.g., basic lead carbonate, basic lead sulfate, basic lead silicate, metal sulfide such as lithopone or zinc sulfide
  • organic pigments such as azo-, azomethine-, methine-, indanthrone-, anthraquinone-, pyranthrone-, flavanthrone-, benzanthrone-, phthalocyanine-, perinone-, perylene-, dioxadine-, thioindigo-, isoindoline-, isoindolinone-, quinacridone- and quinophthalone-type pigments may be used.
  • inorganic pigments e.g., basic lead carbonate, basic lead sulfate, basic lead silicate, metal sulfide such as lithopone or zinc sulfide
  • organic pigments such as azo-, azomethine-, methine-, indanthrone-,
  • organic dyes examples include anthraquinone disperse dyes, metal complexes of azo dyes and fluorescent dyes.
  • thermoplastic resin composition of the present invention may further contain, within the range not impairing the objects of the invention, ordinary additives such as a glass-reinforcing agent, a granular or platy filler, a flame-retardant, a releasing agent, a lubricant, a slip additive, a nucleating agent, a colorant, an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, a weather-ability (light) stabilizer and a modifying agent such as impact resistance-improving agent, etc.
  • ordinary additives such as a glass-reinforcing agent, a granular or platy filler, a flame-retardant, a releasing agent, a lubricant, a slip additive, a nucleating agent, a colorant, an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, a weather-ability (light) stabilizer and a modifying agent such as impact resistance-improving agent, etc.
  • thermoplastic resin composition of the present invention can be obtained by blending a thermoplastic resin with metal oxides of the prescribed amount by an arbitrary blending method. It is preferred to disperse the components to be blended more uniformly. More specifically, the whole or a part may be simultaneously or separately blended in a mixing machine such as, for example, a blender, a kneader, a Banbury mixer, a roll, an extruder, etc. to be homogenized. Furthermore, it is also possible to granulate the composition by melt-kneading a composition formed by advance dry-blending, in a heated extruder to homogenize the composition, extruding the melt into a wire form, and thereafter cutting the product to any desired length.
  • a mixing machine such as, for example, a blender, a kneader, a Banbury mixer, a roll, an extruder, etc.
  • thermoplastic resin composition of the present invention can be quite easily practiced by ordinary means using common molding machines of thermoplastic resin in general.
  • marking was carried out with YAG laser (Laser Marker SL 475 E 2 , manufactured by NEC Corporation).
  • Marking was evaluated according to the degree of color difference (contrast) between a molded article surface and a marking portion at which a color was developed upon exposure to the laser beam, and to the foaming condition.
  • a Color Analyzer TC-1800 MK-11 manufactured by Tokyo Denshoku Co., Ltd was used, and the result was expressed by the difference in brightness, ⁇ L*.
  • the foaming condition it was confirmed whether a uniform and fine foam was formed.
  • Comparative Example 1 a good contrast was not obtained because the molded product surface was colored and the marked portion developed a color of high brightness.
  • the various starting materials as identified in Table 2 were homogeneously dry-blended in advance at the prescribed quantitative ratios, and the mixtures were each melt-kneaded in a vented twin screw extruder with the screw diameter 44 mm, under conditions of a cylinder temperature of 180°C to 260°C, screw rotation speed of 160 rpm and a discharge rate of 40 kg/hr.
  • the molten mixture was discharged as threads through the die, cooled and cut to provide pellets for molding.
  • T-1, T-2, T-3 and T-4 are identified below: T-1) carbon, Ketjen Black EC 600 JD, manufacture by Lion Corporation T-2) black titanium oxide, M-1, manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo K.K. T-3) a gray pigment, manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo K.K. T-4) an ivory-color pigment, manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo K.K.
  • the evaluation marks in Table 2 have the following significations: o ⁇ : excellent black color-developing property X : poor black color-developing property.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Clavier ayant des touches constituées d'une composition de résine thermoplastique, ladite composition de résine thermoplastique comprenant :
    (i) une résine thermoplastique, et
    (ii) un vernis ayant une composition d'oxydes représentée par la formule suivante : R1-2O.xR'2O3.yR"O2-3
    dans laquelle :
    R1-2O désigne un oxyde d'un métal monovalent ou divalent,
    R'2O3 désigne un oxyde d'un métal trivalent,
    R"O2-3 désigne un oxyde d'un métal tétra- à hexavalent,
    x est un nombre allant de 0,1 à 1,2, et
    y est un nombre allant de 1 à 12,
    la teneur en vernis étant de 0,001 à 2 parties en poids par 100 parties en poids de ladite résine thermoplastique,
    ladite composition de résine thermoplastique pouvant être marquée par exposition à un rayonnement laser,
    lesdites touches ayant des numéros ou des codes marqués au laser sur leurs parties supérieures.
  2. Procédé de fabrication de touches d'un clavier comprenant une exposition à un rayonnement laser de touches constituées d'une composition thermoplastique pour former des marquages laser distincts sur lesdites touches,
    ladite composition de résine thermoplastique comprenant :
    (i) une résine thermoplastique qui est au moins un élément choisi dans le groupe constitué du poly(téréphtalate d'éthylène), du poly(téréphtalate de butylène), du poly(dicarboxylate de butylènenaphtalène), d'un polycarbonate, d'un polyamide, d'un polyacétal, de l'ABS, du polyéthylène et du polypropylène, et
    (ii) un vernis ayant une composition d'oxydes représentée par la formule suivante : R1-2O.xR'2O3.yR"O2-3
    dans laquelle :
    R1-2O désigne un oxyde d'un métal monovalent ou divalent,
    R'2O3 désigne un oxyde d'un métal trivalent,
    R"O2-3 désigne un oxyde d'un métal tétra- à hexavalent,
    x est un nombre allant de 0,1 à 1,2, et
    y est un nombre allant de 1 à 12,
    la teneur en vernis étant de 0,001 à 2 parties en poids par 100 parties en poids de ladite résine thermoplastique,
    ladite composition de résine thermoplastique pouvant être marquée par exposition à un rayonnement laser.
  3. Clavier ayant des touches constituées d'une composition de résine thermoplastique, ladite composition de résine thermoplastique comprenant :
    (i) une résine thermoplastique qui est au moins un élément choisi dans le groupe constitué du poly(téréphtalate d'éthylène), du poly(téréphtalate de butylène), du poly(dicarboxylate de butylènenaphtalène), d'un polycarbonate, d'un polyamide, d'un polyacétal, de l'ABS, du polyéthylène et du polypropylène, et
    (ii) un vernis ayant une composition d'oxydes représentée par la formule suivante : R1-2O.xR'2O3.yR"O2-3
    dans laquelle :
    R1-2O désigne un oxyde d'un métal monovalent ou divalent,
    R'2O3 désigne un oxyde d'un métal trivalent,
    R"O2-3 désigne un oxyde d'un métal tétra- à hexavalent,
    x est un nombre allant de 0,1 à 1,2, et
    y est un nombre allant de 1 à 12,
    ledit oxyde d'un métal monovalent ou divalent étant choisi dans le groupe constitué de K2O, Na2O, Li2O, Cu2O, CaO, MgO, CoO, PbO, ZnO, BaO, FeO, MnO, CdO, CuO, NiO et SrO, ledit oxyde de métal trivalent étant choisi dans le groupe constitué de Al2O3, B2O3, Fe2O3, Sb2O3, Cr2O3, Mn2O3 et As2O3, ledit oxyde d'un métal tétra- à hexavalent étant choisi dans le groupe constitué de SiO2, TiO2, SnO2, ZrO2, CeO2, Sb2O3, V2O5, UO3 et MoO3,
    la teneur en vernis étant de 0,001 à 2 parties en poids par 100 parties en poids de ladite résine thermoplastique,
    ladite composition de résine thermoplastique pouvant être marquée par exposition à un rayonnement laser,
    lesdites touches ayant des numéros ou des codes marqués au laser sur leurs parties supérieures.
  4. Procédé de fabrication de touches d'un clavier comprenant une exposition à un rayonnement laser de touches constituées d'une composition de résine thermoplastique pour former des marquages laser distincts sur lesdites touches, ladite composition de résine thermoplastique comprenant :
    (i) une résine thermoplastique qui est au moins un élément choisi dans le groupe constitué du poly(téréphtalate d'éthylène), du poly(téréphtalate de butylène), du poly(dicarboxylate de butylènenaphtalène), d'un polycarbonate, d'un polyamide, d'un polyacétal, de l'ABS, du polyéthylène et du polypropylène, et
    (ii) un vernis ayant une composition d'oxydes représentée par la formule suivante : R1-2O.xR'2O3.yR"O2-3
    dans laquelle :
    R1-2O désigne un oxyde d'un métal monovalent ou divalent,
    R'2O3 désigne un oxyde d'un métal trivalent,
    R"O2-3 désigne un oxyde d'un métal tétra- à hexavalent,
    x est un nombre allant de 0,1 à 1,2, et
    y est un nombre allant de 1 à 12,
    ledit oxyde d'un métal monovalent ou divalent étant choisi dans le groupe constitué de K2O, Na2O, Li2O, Cu2O, CaO, MgO, CoO, PbO, ZnO, BaO, FeO, MnO, CdO, CuO, NiO et SrO, ledit oxyde de métal trivalent étant choisi dans le groupe constitué de Al2O3, B2O3, Fe2O3, Sb2O3, Cr2O3, Mn2O3 et As2O3, ledit oxyde d'un métal tétra- à hexavalent étant choisi dans le groupe constitué de SiO2, TiO2, SnO2, ZrO2, CeO2, Sb2O3, V2O5, UO3 et MoO3,
    la teneur en vernis étant de 0,001 à 2 parties en poids par 100 parties en poids de ladite résine thermoplastique,
    ladite composition de résine thermoplastique pouvant être marquée par exposition à un rayonnement laser.
  5. Clavier ayant des touches avec des marquages distincts, lesdites touches étant constituées d'une composition de résine thermoplastique et lesdits marquages distincts étant formés sur lesdites touches par exposition desdites touches à un rayonnement laser, dans lequel ladite composition de résine thermoplastique comprend :
    (i) une résine thermoplastique qui est au moins un élément choisi dans le groupe constitué du poly(téréphtalate d'éthylène), du poly(téréphtalate de butylène), du poly(dicarboxylate de butylènenaphtalène), d'un polycarbonate, d'un polyamide, d'un polyacétal, de l'ABS, du polyéthylène et du polypropylène, et
    (ii) un vernis ayant une composition d'oxydes représentée par la formule suivante : R1-2O.xR'2O3.yR"O2-3
    dans laquelle :
    R1-2O désigne un oxyde d'un métal monovalent ou divalent,
    R'2O3 désigne un oxyde d'un métal trivalent,
    R"O2-3 désigne un oxyde d'un métal tétra- à hexavalent,
    x est un nombre allant de 0,1 à 1,2, et
    y est un nombre allant de 1 à 12,
    dans lequel l'oxyde d'un métal monovalent ou divalent est choisi dans le groupe constitué de K2O, Na2O, Li2O, Cu2O, CaO, MgO, CoO, PbO, ZnO, BaO, FeO, MnO, CdO, CuO, NiO et SrO, ledit oxyde de métal trivalent est choisi dans le groupe constitué de Al2O3, B2O3, Fe2O3, SbiO3, Cr2O3, Mn2O3 et As2O3 et l'oxyde d'un métal tétra- à hexavalent est choisi dans le groupe constitué de SiO2, TiO2, SnO2, ZrO2, CeO2, SbiO3, V2O5, UO3 et MoO3, et
    dans lequel la teneur en vernis est de 0,005 à 2 parties en poids par 100 parties en poids de ladite résine thermoplastique,
    ladite composition de résine thermoplastique pouvant être marquée par exposition à un rayonnement laser.
  6. Procédé de fabrication de touches d'un clavier comprenant une exposition à un rayonnement laser de touches constituées d'une composition de résine thermoplastique pour former des marquages distincts au laser sur lesdites touches,
    ladite composition de résine thermoplastique comprenant :
    (i) une résine thermoplastique, et
    (ii) un vernis ayant une composition d'oxydes représentée par la formule suivante : R1-2O.xR'2O3.yR"O2-3
    dans laquelle :
    R1-2O désigne un oxyde d'un métal monovalent ou divalent,
    R'2O3 désigne un oxyde d'un métal trivalent,
    R"O2-3 désigne un oxyde d'un métal tétra- à hexavalent,
    x est un nombre allant de 0,1 à 1,2, et
    y est un nombre allant de 1 à 12,
    la teneur en vernis étant de 0,001 à 2 parties en poids par 100 parties en poids de ladite résine thermoplastique,
    ladite composition de résine thermoplastique pouvant être marquée par exposition à un rayonnement laser.
  7. Clavier selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1, 3 et 5, dans lequel la composition de résine thermoplastique comprend, en outre, un pigment noir ou un colorant noir en quantité qui n'est pas supérieure à 2 parties en poids par 100 parties en poids de la résine thermoplastique, ledit pigment noir ayant la formule suivante : TinO2n-1 dans laquelle n est un nombre entier de 1 à 5.
EP19950304916 1995-07-13 1995-07-13 Composition de résine thermoplastique apte à l'inscription par laser Expired - Lifetime EP0753536B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1995616862 DE69516862T2 (de) 1995-07-13 1995-07-13 Mit Laser beschriftbare thermoplastische Harzzusammensetzung
EP19950304916 EP0753536B1 (fr) 1995-07-13 1995-07-13 Composition de résine thermoplastique apte à l'inscription par laser

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19950304916 EP0753536B1 (fr) 1995-07-13 1995-07-13 Composition de résine thermoplastique apte à l'inscription par laser

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EP0753536A1 EP0753536A1 (fr) 1997-01-15
EP0753536B1 true EP0753536B1 (fr) 2000-05-10

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JP2682040B2 (ja) 1988-08-25 1997-11-26 株式会社島津製作所 クロマトグラム作成用データ処理装置
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JP2735956B2 (ja) 1991-01-30 1998-04-02 帝人株式会社 ポリエステル樹脂組成物
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JP3352481B2 (ja) * 1992-10-29 2002-12-03 日本ジーイープラスチックス株式会社 レーザーマーキング用樹脂組成物
US5422383A (en) * 1993-04-22 1995-06-06 Somar Corporation Laser beam absorbing resin composition, coloring material therefor and laser beam marking method
DE4329395A1 (de) * 1993-09-01 1995-03-02 Hoechst Ag Farbige Laserbeschriftung pigmentierter Kunststoff-Formmassen

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8293147B2 (en) 2006-08-14 2012-10-23 Chemische Fabrik Budenheim Kg Laser-writable polymer material

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DE69516862T2 (de) 2001-02-01
EP0753536A1 (fr) 1997-01-15

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