EP0748338A1 - In vitro reifung von antikörpern mittels alanin 'scanning' mutagenese - Google Patents

In vitro reifung von antikörpern mittels alanin 'scanning' mutagenese

Info

Publication number
EP0748338A1
EP0748338A1 EP95911994A EP95911994A EP0748338A1 EP 0748338 A1 EP0748338 A1 EP 0748338A1 EP 95911994 A EP95911994 A EP 95911994A EP 95911994 A EP95911994 A EP 95911994A EP 0748338 A1 EP0748338 A1 EP 0748338A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
modified
antibody
antibodies
alanine
dna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95911994A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0748338A4 (de
Inventor
Craig M. Lewis
Steven W. Ludmerer
Gregory F. Hollis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merck and Co Inc
Original Assignee
Merck and Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merck and Co Inc filed Critical Merck and Co Inc
Publication of EP0748338A1 publication Critical patent/EP0748338A1/de
Publication of EP0748338A4 publication Critical patent/EP0748338A4/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
    • C07K16/10—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses from RNA viruses
    • C07K16/1036—Retroviridae, e.g. leukemia viruses
    • C07K16/1045—Lentiviridae, e.g. HIV, FIV, SIV
    • C07K16/1063—Lentiviridae, e.g. HIV, FIV, SIV env, e.g. gp41, gp110/120, gp160, V3, PND, CD4 binding site
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

  • a method of mutagenizing antibodies to produce 0 modified antibodies, modified antibodies, DNA encoding the modified antibodies as well as diagnostic kits and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the antibodies or DNA are provided.
  • the method of the invention is a systematic means to achieve in vitro antibody maturation and uses alanine scanning mutagenesis.
  • the 5 invention is particularly exemplified with a set of single chain Fv (scFv) antibodies obtained by this technique.
  • the resulting antibodies are directed against the V3 loop of HIV gpl20, and show altered off-rates against the antigen compared to the starting antibody.
  • the altered antibodies which 0 show improved (slower) off-rates to the antigen. Observed improvements have been as high as eleven-fold over wild-type.
  • a method of mutagenizing antibodies to produce 5 modified antibodies, modified antibodies, DNA encoding the modified antibodies as well as diagnostic kits and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the antibodies or DNA are provided.
  • FIG. 1 Alanine-Scanning Mutagenesis. Each of the 27 amino acids in VH CDR3 of scFv P5Q was converted to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis. E. coli clones were induced to express scFv with IPTG. Single chain Fv, which is targeted to the periplasmic space by the fd phage gene3 signal sequence, was extracted with EDTA. Periplasmic extracts were analyzed by BIAcoreTM, which measures antibody-antigen affinity by surface plasmon resonance (Fagerstam, 1991), and off -rates determined against an HIV gpl20 V3 loop peptide.
  • FIG. 1 Amino Acid Randomization: Position 107. Arginine at position 107 was mutated to all amino acids by site- directed mutagenesis. Single chain Fv extracts were analyzed by BIAcore. Percent change in off-rates is shown relative to P5Q.
  • FIG. 1 Amino Acid Randomization: Position 111. Glutamic acid at position 111 was mutated to all amino acids by site- directed mutagenesis. Single chain Fv extracts were analyzed by BIAcore. Percent change in off-rates is shown relative to P5Q.
  • HTV-1 human immunodeficiency virus-1
  • the gpl20 V3 domain of human immunodeficiency virus-1 is a disulfide-linked closed loop of approximately 30 amino acids.
  • the loop in either native or synthetic form, binds to and elicits anti-HIV-1 antibodies.
  • the present invention relates to modified antibodies and methods of making modified.
  • the invention is exemplified with modified HIV-1 immunoglobulins and methods of making these modified HTV-1 immunoglobulins.
  • the modified immunoglobulins of the present invention contain an altered complementary determining region 3 (CDR3) of HTV-l neutralizing antibody.
  • the present invention also comprises a method of treating of preventing infection through the administration of a modified antibody to a suitable host.
  • a method of treating of preventing infection through the administration of a modified antibody to a suitable host In one embodiment of the invention, the treatment or prevention of HIV infection through the administration of the modified HTV-l immunoglobulm is described.
  • the present invention also comprises diagnostic kits useful for the detection or characterization of an antigen.
  • Reagents for the kits may include DNA molecules encoding the modified antibodies or the modified antibodies or combinations thereof.
  • a method of mutagenizing antibodies to produce modified antibodies, modified antibodies, DNA encoding the modified antibodies as well as diagnostic kits and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the antibodies or DNA are provided.
  • the method of the invention is a systematic means to achieve in vitro antibody maturation and uses alanine scanning mutagenesis.
  • the invention is particularly exemplified with a set of single chain Fv (scFv) antibodies obtained by this technique.
  • the resulting antibodies are directed against the V3 loop of HIV gpl20, and show altered off-rates against the antigen compared to the starting antibody.
  • the altered antibodies which show improved (slower) off-rates to the antigen. Observed improvements have been as high as eleven-fold over wild-type.
  • CDR3 complementary determining region 3
  • the underlying principle of the method is the physical and chemical neutrality of alanine.
  • Alanine is substituted throughout a stretch of amino acids, and its effects on binding (such as off -rate and on-rate) are evaluated using conventional methods.
  • the number of positions likely to be identified in this manner is relatively small. Once identified, these key positions may be randomized to all amino acids to identify the best amino acid solution at the position. Because all manipulations and evaluations are conducted in vitro, physiological bias is limited.
  • Alanine scanning maturation enables the rapid identification of residues most likely to be important in binding. Using the example of a twenty-five residue stretch cited above, only twenty-five substitutions would be necessary. From this initial screen, amino acid positions likely to be critical to binding may be identified. The critical residues may then be randomized to identify the amino acids that optimize binding. Using this method, scFv antibodies with dissociation rates greater than ten-fold slower than the original scFv have been created.
  • PCR recombination is used to substitute all or part of the VH and VL genes into libraries of scFv clones.
  • random mutations are made throughout a CDR region of a scFv clone by the use of degenerate oligonucleotides.
  • clones were expressed as a phage fd gene 3 fusion surface protein. Higher affinity clones were identified using a panning assay followed by clonal purification of the phage.
  • the method disclosed herein is systematic, thorough and unlikely to introduce unexpected or undesired mutations. All manipulations are done in vitro, which minimizes bias due to selection steps. Evaluation of clones is quantitative. In some cases, a key amino acid position may display poorer binding with alanine, but subsequent randomization may yield an amino acid solution which enables improved binding. Such mutations would not be detected by previous methods. Because the method of the present invention does not require phage expression for panning, the method can be used on scFVs, Fabs, and full length antibodies. Use is not restricted to a scFv for phage expression. Using the approach of the present invention, an anti-HIV V3 loop antibody was improved approximately eleven-fold.
  • Alanine scanning maturation of antibodies is a general method which may be used to improve binding of antibodies to their cognate antigens.
  • the method has been used to identify critical residues in the scFv 447 which can be introduced into MAb447. Such changes may lead to significant improvement of the binding affinity of MAb447 against multiple species of HTV gpl20 isolates. This improvement may increase the neutralization capability of the antibody, and significantly lower the effective dose.
  • the genetic code is degenerate, more than one codon may be used to encode a particular amino acid, and therefore, the amino acid sequence can be encoded by any of a set of similar DNA oligonucleotides.
  • the cloned DNA molecules obtained may be expressed by cloning the gene encoding the altered antibody into an expression vector containing a suitable promoter and other appropriate transcription regulatory elements, and transferred into prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cells to produce recombinant modified antibodies. Techniques for such manipulations are well-known in the art.
  • Expression vectors are defined herein as DNA sequences that are required for the transcription of cloned copies of genes and the translation of their mRNAs in an appropriate host. Such vectors can be used to express eukaryotic genes in a variety of hosts such as bacteria, bluegreen algae, plant cells, insect cells and animal cells. Expression vectors include, but are not limited to, cloning vectors, modified cloning vectors, specifically designed plasmids or viruses. Specifically designed vectors allow the shuttling of DNA between hosts, such as bacteria-yeast or bacteria-animal cells.
  • DNA encoding antibodies may also be cloned into an expression vector for expression in a host cell.
  • Host cells may be prokaryotic or eukaryotic, including but not limited to bacteria, yeast, mammalian and insect cells and cell lines.
  • the expression vector may be introduced into host cells via any one of a number of techniques including but not limited to transformation, transfection, protoplast fusion, and electroporation.
  • Synthetic mRNA can be efficiently translated in various cell-free systems, including but not limited to wheat germ extracts and reticulocyte extracts, as well as efficiently translated in cell based systems, including but not limited to microinjection into frog oocytes, with micro-injection into frog oocytes being preferred.
  • Plasmid pP5Q was the starting vector for all mutagenic studies. Plasmid pP5Q is a derivative of p5H7 (Cambridge Antibodies). Plasmid pP5Q contains the VH and VL regions originally derived from MAb 447 (Gorney et al.) cloned as a single chain fragment variable (scFv).
  • Table 1 lists some of the oligonucleotide primers used for site-directed mutagenesis of complementary determining region 3 (CDR3) of MAb447.
  • Primers were synthesized on either a model 381 A DNA Synthesizer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) or a CycloneTM Plus DNA Synthesizer (MilliGen/Biosearch, Marlborough, MA). Mutagenesis was performed with the TransformerTM Mutagenesis Kit (CLONTECH, Palo Alto, CA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. All mutations were verified by DNA sequencing using the Sequenase® V2.0 DNA Sequencing Kit (United States Biochemical, Cleveland, OH).
  • Mutagenized plasmids were introduced by electroporation into bacterial strain Escherichia coli TGI for expression. Single colonies were inoculated into 10 ml of 2X-YT (which contains per liter of water 16 g tryptone, 10 g yeast extract and 5 g sodium chloride) supplemented with 2% glucose. Cells were grown overnight at 30°C with vigorous shaking, collected by centrifugation in a Beckman GPR centrifuge at 2500 rpm, and resuspended in 10 ml of fresh 2X-YT supplemented with 1 mM isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) to induce expression.
  • 2X-YT which contains per liter of water 16 g tryptone, 10 g yeast extract and 5 g sodium chloride
  • IPTG isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside
  • HIV gpl20 V3 loop peptides, Al-1 variant (Ala-1 peptide) were covalently immobilized on a carboxylated dextran/gold matrix via the primary amino group.
  • the carboxyl-dextran matrix was first activated with N-ethyl-N'-(3-diethylaminopropyl)carbondiimide (EDC) and reacted with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS).
  • EDC N-ethyl-N'-(3-diethylaminopropyl)carbondiimide
  • NHS N-hydroxysuccinimide
  • HIV g l20 V3 loop peptides such as Ala-1 peptide were covalently immobilized via the free thiol of a cysteine placed at the N-terminus. These peptides were reacted with the EDC-NHS activated matrix which had been reacted with 2-(2-pyridinyldithio)ethaneamine. Remaining unreacted NHS-ester groups were displaced by addition of ethanolamine. EDTA extracts were added in a flow passing over the immobilized antigen. The refractive index changes, in the form of the surface plasmon resonance caused by the binding and subsequent dissociation of the scFv, were monitored continuously. Off -rates were calculated from the automatically collected data using the Pharmacis Kinetics Evaluation software.
  • the two critical class i) positions (107 and 111) were individually randomized to all amino acids, and off -rates against the AL-1 peptide determined.
  • two class ii) positions (112 and 118) were also selected for randomization studies.
  • a double mutant that combined the optimized residues at positions 107 (E) and 111 (W) was constructed to determine whether or not the individual improvements are additive.
  • Figure 5 shows that the double mutant has an off-rate 9-fold slower than wild-type clone P5Q.
  • the off-rate value approximates the product of the fold improvements observed with the individual optimized residues (2.5 for 107E and 4.7 for 111 W).
  • One interpretation of this result is that for these two positions, the contributions to scFv-antigen affinity are independent and additive.
  • An antibody is mutagenized by alanine scanning mutagenesis to produce a modified antibody.
  • the binding of the modified antibody to its .antigen is determined. Binding determinations may be made by conventional methods and include off -rate measurements. Modified antibodies having desired characteristics are selected and maintained.
  • the modified antibodies or pharmaceutical compositions thereof are used for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of diseases caused by their antigen.
  • Methods of treatment include, but are not limited to, intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of the modified antibody.
  • the modified antibodies of Example 7 are used as reagents in diagnostic kits.
  • the modified antibody reagents may be further modified through techniques which are well-known in the art, such as radiolabeling or enzyme-labeling.
  • the diagnostic kit may be used to detect or characterize the antigens.
  • the DNA encoding the modified antibody of Example 7 is used as a reagent for the production of modified antibodies.
  • the DNA may be incorporated into an expression vector.
  • the expression vector may be used to transform a host cell. Cultivation of the host cell under conditions suitable for the expression results in the production of modified antibody.
  • the DNA encoding the modified antibody of Example 7 is used to detect DNA encoding the antigen in test samples. Methods of detection include, but are not limited to, hybridization under selective conditions. Test samples include, but are not limited to, samples of blood, cells, and tissues.
  • the light chain of an immunoglobulin is mutagenized by alanine scanning mutagenesis to produce a modified immimoglobulin having modified binding characteristics.
  • the modified immuno ⁇ globulin is used as a reagent for diagnostic kits or as a therapeutic agent.
  • MOLECULE TYPE DNA (genomic)
  • CGCCAGGCCC CAGGGAAGGG GCTGGAGTGG GTCGGCCGTA TTAAAAGCGC CACTGATGGT 180
  • Glu Trp Val Gly Arg lie Lys Ser Ala Thr Asp Gly Gly Thr Thr Asp 50 55 60 Tyr Ala Ala Ser Val Gin Gly Arg Phe Thr lie Ser Arg Asp Asp Ser 65 70 75 80

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • AIDS & HIV (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
EP95911994A 1994-03-04 1995-02-27 In vitro reifung von antikörpern mittels alanin 'scanning' mutagenese Withdrawn EP0748338A4 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US20607994A 1994-03-04 1994-03-04
US206079 1994-03-04
PCT/US1995/002492 WO1995023813A1 (en) 1994-03-04 1995-02-27 In vitro antibody affinity maturation using alanine scanning mutagenesis

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0748338A1 true EP0748338A1 (de) 1996-12-18
EP0748338A4 EP0748338A4 (de) 2001-03-28

Family

ID=22764890

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95911994A Withdrawn EP0748338A4 (de) 1994-03-04 1995-02-27 In vitro reifung von antikörpern mittels alanin 'scanning' mutagenese

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0748338A4 (de)
JP (1) JPH09509835A (de)
CA (1) CA2183550A1 (de)
WO (1) WO1995023813A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6090382A (en) 1996-02-09 2000-07-18 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Human antibodies that bind human TNFα
BRPI9715219B8 (pt) 1996-02-09 2015-07-07 Abbvie Biotechnology Ltd Vetor recombinante de expressão, e célula hospedeira procariótica.
US6037454A (en) * 1996-11-27 2000-03-14 Genentech, Inc. Humanized anti-CD11a antibodies
US6133426A (en) * 1997-02-21 2000-10-17 Genentech, Inc. Humanized anti-IL-8 monoclonal antibodies
US6025158A (en) * 1997-02-21 2000-02-15 Genentech, Inc. Nucleic acids encoding humanized anti-IL-8 monoclonal antibodies
US7122636B1 (en) 1997-02-21 2006-10-17 Genentech, Inc. Antibody fragment-polymer conjugates and uses of same
DK0968291T3 (da) 1997-02-21 2004-06-07 Genentech Inc Antistoffragment-polymerkonjugater
DE19728697C1 (de) * 1997-07-04 1999-03-25 Deutsches Krebsforsch Humaner Antikörper gegen ein Fusions(poly)peptid bzw. -protein, das einen Anteil von mindestens sechs Histidinen aufweist
US6468532B1 (en) 1998-01-22 2002-10-22 Genentech, Inc. Methods of treating inflammatory diseases with anti-IL-8 antibody fragment-polymer conjugates
US7005504B2 (en) 1998-01-22 2006-02-28 Genentech, Inc. Antibody fragment-peg conjugates
US6458355B1 (en) 1998-01-22 2002-10-01 Genentech, Inc. Methods of treating inflammatory disease with anti-IL-8 antibody fragment-polymer conjugates
CA2868614A1 (en) 2001-06-08 2002-12-08 Abbott Laboratories (Bermuda) Ltd. Methods of administering anti-tnf.alpha. antibodies
US7647184B2 (en) * 2001-08-27 2010-01-12 Hanall Pharmaceuticals, Co. Ltd High throughput directed evolution by rational mutagenesis
DE60332358D1 (de) 2002-09-09 2010-06-10 Hanall Pharmaceutical Co Ltd Protease-resistente modifizierte interferon alpha polypeptide
MY150740A (en) 2002-10-24 2014-02-28 Abbvie Biotechnology Ltd Low dose methods for treating disorders in which tnf? activity is detrimental
KR20060034650A (ko) * 2003-06-27 2006-04-24 바이오렌 인코포레이티드 룩-스루 돌연변이
TW201705980A (zh) 2004-04-09 2017-02-16 艾伯維生物技術有限責任公司 用於治療ＴＮＦα相關失調症之多重可變劑量療法
BRPI0610058A2 (pt) 2005-05-16 2010-05-25 Abbott Biotech Ltd uso de inibidor de tnf para tratamento da poliartrite erosiva
EP2004689A4 (de) 2006-04-05 2010-06-02 Abbott Biotech Ltd Antikörperreinigung
EP2010214A4 (de) 2006-04-10 2010-06-16 Abbott Biotech Ltd Verwendung und zusammensetzungen zur behandlung von rheumatoider arthritis
US9605064B2 (en) 2006-04-10 2017-03-28 Abbvie Biotechnology Ltd Methods and compositions for treatment of skin disorders
EP2666472A3 (de) 2006-04-10 2014-04-02 Abbott Biotechnology Ltd Anwendungen und Zusammensetzungen zur Behandlung von Psoriasis-Arthritis
US8999337B2 (en) 2007-06-11 2015-04-07 Abbvie Biotechnology Ltd. Methods for treating juvenile idiopathic arthritis by inhibition of TNFα
SG2013054218A (en) 2008-01-15 2014-10-30 Abbott Gmbh & Co Kg Powdered protein compositions and methods of making same
US9127052B2 (en) 2010-06-29 2015-09-08 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique LLT-1 antibodies with new functional properties
US8993727B2 (en) * 2010-09-22 2015-03-31 Amgen Inc. Carrier immunoglobulins and uses thereof
EP2702077A2 (de) 2011-04-27 2014-03-05 AbbVie Inc. Verfahren zur steuerung des galactosylierungsprofil von rekombinant exprimierten proteinen
WO2013158273A1 (en) 2012-04-20 2013-10-24 Abbvie Inc. Methods to modulate c-terminal lysine variant distribution
WO2013158279A1 (en) 2012-04-20 2013-10-24 Abbvie Inc. Protein purification methods to reduce acidic species
US9067990B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2015-06-30 Abbvie, Inc. Protein purification using displacement chromatography
WO2013176754A1 (en) 2012-05-24 2013-11-28 Abbvie Inc. Novel purification of antibodies using hydrophobic interaction chromatography
US9512214B2 (en) 2012-09-02 2016-12-06 Abbvie, Inc. Methods to control protein heterogeneity
WO2014035475A1 (en) 2012-09-02 2014-03-06 Abbvie Inc. Methods to control protein heterogeneity
AU2013381687A1 (en) 2013-03-12 2015-09-24 Abbvie Inc. Human antibodies that bind human TNF-alpha and methods of preparing the same
WO2014159579A1 (en) 2013-03-14 2014-10-02 Abbvie Inc. MUTATED ANTI-TNFα ANTIBODIES AND METHODS OF THEIR USE
US9499614B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2016-11-22 Abbvie Inc. Methods for modulating protein glycosylation profiles of recombinant protein therapeutics using monosaccharides and oligosaccharides
US9017687B1 (en) 2013-10-18 2015-04-28 Abbvie, Inc. Low acidic species compositions and methods for producing and using the same using displacement chromatography
US9598667B2 (en) 2013-10-04 2017-03-21 Abbvie Inc. Use of metal ions for modulation of protein glycosylation profiles of recombinant proteins
US9181337B2 (en) 2013-10-18 2015-11-10 Abbvie, Inc. Modulated lysine variant species compositions and methods for producing and using the same
US9085618B2 (en) 2013-10-18 2015-07-21 Abbvie, Inc. Low acidic species compositions and methods for producing and using the same
US8946395B1 (en) 2013-10-18 2015-02-03 Abbvie Inc. Purification of proteins using hydrophobic interaction chromatography
US20150139988A1 (en) 2013-11-15 2015-05-21 Abbvie, Inc. Glycoengineered binding protein compositions

Non-Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CRAIG M. LEWIS ET AL: "Use of alanine scanning mutagenesis to improve the affinity of an anti-gp120 (HIV)antibody" JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, SUPPLEMENT - KEYSTONE SYMPOSIUM ON ANTIBODY ENGINEERING, vol. 32, 7 - 13 March 1994, XP000943396 *
LISA K. DENZIN ET AL.: "Mutational analysis of active site contact residues in anti-fluorescein monoclonal antibody" MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 30, no. 15, 1993, pages 1331-1345, XP000943436 *
MIROSLAW K. GORNY ET AL.: "Human anti-V2 monoclonal antibody that neutralizes primary but not laboratory isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type I" JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, vol. 68, no. 12, 15 December 1994 (1994-12-15), page 8312-8320 XP000943394 *
ROBERT F. KELLEY AND MARK P. O'CONNELL: "Thermodynamic analysis of an antibody functional epitope" BIOCHEMISTRY, vol. 32, 1993, pages 6828-6835, XP000943393 *
See also references of WO9523813A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2183550A1 (en) 1995-09-08
EP0748338A4 (de) 2001-03-28
WO1995023813A1 (en) 1995-09-08
JPH09509835A (ja) 1997-10-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO1995023813A1 (en) In vitro antibody affinity maturation using alanine scanning mutagenesis
US6818748B2 (en) Cloning, expression, sequencing, and functional enhancement of monoclonal ScFv antibody against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE)
Liu et al. Fine mapping of the antigen–antibody interaction of scFv215, a recombinant antibody inhibiting RNA polymerase II from Drosophila melanogaster
US7118915B2 (en) Muteins of apolipoprotein D
EP0894135B1 (de) Multivalentes und multispezifisches antigenbindungs protein
US7999081B2 (en) Anti-C5 alpha antibodies
AU682206B2 (en) Intracellular immunization
CA2471570A1 (en) Focussed antibody technology
EP1551453A2 (de) Spezifitätsgrafting eines mäuseantikörpers auf ein menschliches gerüst
JPH06510671A (ja) キメラ抗体の製造−組合せアプローチ
WO1997049429A1 (en) Genetically engineered immunoglobulins with specificity for glycated albumin
WO1992015682A1 (en) Serine-rich peptide linkers
EP1399461A2 (de) Nukleotidsequenzen, die variable bereiche der leichten und schweren ketten des monoklonalen antikörpers 1f7 kodieren
JP2006523086A (ja) 発癌性形態のｒａｓに対する細胞内発現抗体
CA2395041A1 (en) Stabilizing peptides, polypeptides and antibodies which include them
JP2006521088A (ja) 抗活性化ｒａｓ抗体
JPH0920798A (ja) ヒト抗ＨＢｓ抗体
Watkins et al. Evidence for distinct contributions of heavy and light chains to restriction of antibody recognition of the HIV-1 principal neutralization determinant.
CA2269103A1 (en) Peptides binding to bone marrow stromal cell antigen
CN114349854B (zh) 针对甲型流感病毒n1亚型na蛋白的抗体及其应用
JPH06125783A (ja) 組換え抗ｈｉｖ抗体およびその調製方法
Böldicke et al. Human Monoclonal Antibodies to Cytomegalovirus: Characterization and Recombinant Expression of a Glycoprotein‐B‐Specific Antibody
JP2003516145A (ja) 多量体タンパク質骨格上の分子ディスプレイ
CN113880947A (zh) 小分子抗体及其编码基因和制备方法及应用和药物组合物
CN114805562A (zh) 抗新型冠状病毒人源化纳米抗体及其应用

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19961004

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LI LU NL PT SE

A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

Effective date: 20010212

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A4

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LI LU NL PT SE

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20020901