EP0737763B1 - Fabrication et utilisation d'un matériau textile mis en forme de manière permanente et réalisé à partir d'un fil hybride - Google Patents

Fabrication et utilisation d'un matériau textile mis en forme de manière permanente et réalisé à partir d'un fil hybride Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0737763B1
EP0737763B1 EP96105008A EP96105008A EP0737763B1 EP 0737763 B1 EP0737763 B1 EP 0737763B1 EP 96105008 A EP96105008 A EP 96105008A EP 96105008 A EP96105008 A EP 96105008A EP 0737763 B1 EP0737763 B1 EP 0737763B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filaments
hybrid yarn
weight
tex
melting point
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96105008A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0737763A3 (fr
EP0737763A2 (fr
Inventor
Henning Bak
Bent Lichscheidt
Hans Knudsen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hoechst Trevira GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Hoechst Trevira GmbH and Co KG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0737763A2 publication Critical patent/EP0737763A2/fr
Publication of EP0737763A3 publication Critical patent/EP0737763A3/fr
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Publication of EP0737763B1 publication Critical patent/EP0737763B1/fr
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/40—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads
    • D02G3/402—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads the adhesive being one component of the yarn, i.e. thermoplastic yarn
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/08—Interlacing constituent filaments without breakage thereof, e.g. by use of turbulent air streams
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2922—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3065—Including strand which is of specific structural definition
    • Y10T442/313—Strand material formed of individual filaments having different chemical compositions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/40—Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/425—Including strand which is of specific structural definition
    • Y10T442/438—Strand material formed of individual filaments having different chemical compositions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/608—Including strand or fiber material which is of specific structural definition
    • Y10T442/627—Strand or fiber material is specified as non-linear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/608—Including strand or fiber material which is of specific structural definition
    • Y10T442/627—Strand or fiber material is specified as non-linear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
    • Y10T442/629—Composite strand or fiber material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hybrid yarn containing reinforcing filaments and thermoplastic matrix filaments, and permanently deformable, e.g. deep-drawable, textile fabrics.
  • the invention further relates to the Deforming the deformable textile surfaces according to the invention fiber reinforced thermoplastic molded body, due to the unidirectional or multidirectional arranged, essentially stretched reinforcing filaments a targeted have adjustable high strength in one or more directions.
  • Hybrid yarns made from infusible (e.g. glass or carbon fiber) and meltable fibers (e.g. polyester fiber) are known.
  • infusible e.g. glass or carbon fiber
  • meltable fibers e.g. polyester fiber
  • patent applications EP-A-156 599, 156 600, 351 201 and 378 381 and Japanese publication JP-A-04 353 525 relate to hybrid yarns made from non-meltable fibers, for example glass fibers, and thermoplastic, for example polyester fibers.
  • EP-A-551 832 and DE-A-29 20 513 also relate to mixed yarns which, however, are bonded, but are previously present as hybrid yarns.
  • a fundamentally different way of producing fiber-reinforced thermoplastic molded articles is to produce a textile surface which essentially consists only of reinforcing yarns, to insert them as a whole or in the form of smaller sections into molds or to place them on molds, with a melted or in a solution or To disperse dispersant dissolved or dispersed matrix resin and to harden the resin by cooling or evaporating the solvent or dispersant.
  • This method can also be varied in such a way that the reinforcing textile is impregnated into or onto the mold before it is placed or laid on and / or that the reinforcing textile and a thermoplastic matrix resin are pressed into the desired shape in closed molds under pressure, one Working temperature is selected at which the matrix resin flows and encloses the reinforcing fibers without gaps.
  • Reinforcing textiles for this technology are known for example from DE-GBM 85 21 108.
  • the material described there consists of superimposed longitudinal and transverse thread layers which are connected to one another by additional longitudinal threads made of thermoplastic material.
  • a similar reinforcement textile material is known from EP-A-0 144 939.
  • the textile reinforcement consists of warp and weft threads, which are wrapped with threads made of thermoplastic material, which cause the reinforcing fibers to be welded together by heating.
  • EP-A-0 268 838 Another reinforcing textile material is known from EP-A-0 268 838. Also This consists of a layer of longitudinal threads and a layer of transverse threads are not interwoven, but one of the thread layers is essential should have higher heat shrinkage than the other. With that from this Known material, the cohesion takes place through auxiliary threads that the Do not glue layers of the reinforcement threads together but against each other fix loosely to each other.
  • DE-A-40 serves to improve the deformability of reinforcing inserts 42 063 known method.
  • This is used as textile reinforcement provided fabrics deformable in length, namely heat-shrinkable, Auxiliary threads incorporated. The shrink is triggered by heating and that Textile material contracted slightly so that the reinforcing threads are curled or in be held loosely.
  • DE-A-34 08 769 discloses a method for producing fiber-reinforced molded articles made of thermoplastic material, in which flexible textile Formations are used that are largely unidirectionally aligned Reinforcing fibers and one of thermoplastic yarns or fibers constructed matrix exist. These semi-finished products will be your final Shaped by heatable profile nozzles, practically all thermoplastic fibers are melted.
  • a layered semi-finished product for the production of fiber-reinforced, thermoplastic molded articles is known from EP-A-0 369 395.
  • This material consists of a Thermoplastic layer in the a plurality of spaced parallel reinforcing threads with very low elongation at break, which is embedded at regular intervals Have deflections that form a thread reservoir.
  • the deflections of the reinforcing threads become straight pulled, which prevents tearing.
  • those semi-finished products are most advantageous which have a textile character, ie which are drapable, and which contain both the reinforcing fibers and the matrix material.
  • Those that have a precisely defined weight ratio of reinforcing fibers to matrix material would be particularly advantageous.
  • the previously known drapable semi-finished products, which have a defined ratio of reinforcing fibers and matrix material can indeed be placed in compression molds and pressed into shaped bodies, but often do not have the ideal arrangement and extension of the reinforcing fibers after being deformed because of the compression during pressing.
  • Reinforcing inserts such as those known from DE-A-40 42 063, are indeed three-dimensionally deformable, for example by deep drawing, whereby the desired arrangement and stretching of the reinforcing fibers can generally be achieved, but must be embedded in the matrix material in an additional operation become.
  • Deep-drawable fiber-reinforced semifinished products such as those known from EP-A-0 369 395, are difficult to produce because of the complicated undulating arrangement of the reinforcing yarns.
  • Such an advantageous semi-finished product can be woven, knitted or knitted, however also by cross-laying or other known manufacturing processes sheet-like textiles are produced on known machines, starting from a hybrid yarn which is an object of this invention.
  • Fibers For the purposes of this invention and in the following description are included in the terms “Fibers”, “Fiber Materials”, “Fiber Components” and with these terms compound terms also “filaments”, “filament materials”, To understand filament components “and related terms "Fiber or filament components” are not the chemical components of the To understand fibers or filaments, but the fibrous or filament-shaped Components of the hybrid yarns, semi-finished products and fiber reinforced according to the invention thermoplastic molded body.
  • the filaments are expediently intermingled with one another.
  • This has the advantage that the hybrid yarn can be processed more easily into flat structures on conventional machines, for example woven, knitted or knitted, and that in the production of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic molded articles from the sheet-like textile material because of the intimate mixture of the reinforcement and the Matrix fibers, very short flow paths of the melted matrix material and an excellent, seamless embedding of the reinforcement filaments in the thermoplastic matrix result.
  • the degree of swirling is expediently at an opening length, measured with an ITEMAT needle tester (according to US-A-2985995), of ⁇ 200 mm, preferably in the range from 5 to 100 mm, in particular in the range from 10 to 30 mm.
  • the fibers of type (A) have a crimp, i.e. they form a sequence of small or larger sheets.
  • "Ripple” in the sense of this invention is the undrawn, undulating course of the filaments (A) in the hybrid yarn understand, which is brought about by the fact that the length of the filaments (A) is greater is than the length of yarn in which they are contained.
  • the hybrid yarn according to the invention expediently has a total titer of 100 up to 25,000 dtex, preferably from 150 to 15,000 dtex, in particular from 200 to 10000 dtex.
  • the proportion of filaments (A) is 20 to 90, preferably 35 to 85, in particular 45 to 75% by weight, the proportion of filaments (B) 10 to 80, preferably 15 to 45, in particular 20 to 55% by weight and the proportion of further fiber components 0 to 70, preferably 0 to 50, in particular 0 to 30% by weight of the hybrid yarn according to the invention.
  • the proportion of thermoplastic fibers (B) whose melting point is at least 10 ° C lower is the melting point of the reinforcing fibers (A), is 10 to 80, preferably 15 to 45, in particular 20 to 40 wt .-% of the invention Hybrid yarn.
  • the filaments (A) which form the reinforcement filaments in the end product ie the fiber-reinforced three-dimensional thermoplastic molded body, have a dry heat shrinkage maximum of less than 3%.
  • These filaments (A) expediently have an initial modulus of over 600 cN / tex, preferably from 800 to 25000 cN / tex, in particular from 2000 to 20,000 cN / tex, a fineness-related maximum tensile force of over 60 cN / tex, preferably from 80 to 220 cN / tex, in particular from 100 to 200 cN / tex and a maximum tensile elongation of 0.01 to 20%, preferably 0.1 to 7.0%, in particular 1.0 to 5.0%.
  • the filaments (A) have individual titers of 0.1 to 20 dtex, preferably 0.4 to 16 dtex, in particular 0.8 to 10 dtex. In cases where drapability is not important, reinforcement filaments with individual titers greater than 20 dtex can also be used.
  • the filaments (A) are either inorganic filaments or filaments made of so-called high-performance polymers or pre-shrunk and / or fixed organic filaments from other suitable for the production of high-strength filaments organic polymers.
  • inorganic filaments are glass filaments, carbon filaments, filaments made of metals or metal alloys such as steel, aluminum or tungsten; Non-metals such as boron; or metal or non-metal oxides, carbides or nitrides, such as aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, boron nitride, boron carbide or silicon carbide; Ceramic filaments, filaments made of slag, stone or quartz.
  • Preferred inorganic filaments (A) are metal, glass, ceramic or carbon filaments, in particular glass filaments.
  • Glass filaments used as filaments (A) preferably have titers of 0.15 to 3.5 dtex, especially from 0.25 to 1.5 dtex.
  • Such filaments are described in detail in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th edition (1989), volume A13, pages 1 to 21 and volume 21, Pages 449 to 456.
  • LCP liquid crystalline polyesters
  • BBB poly (bis-benzimidazo-benzophenanthroline)
  • PAI poly (amide imides)
  • PBI Polybenzimidazole
  • PBO poly (p-phenylene benzobisoxazole)
  • PBT poly (p-phenylene benzobistiazole)
  • PK Polyether ketone
  • PEEK polyether ether ketone
  • PEEKK Polyether imides
  • PEI polyether sulfone
  • PESU Polyimides
  • PI aramids such as poly- (m-phenylene-isophthalamide) (PMIA), poly- (m-phenylene-terephthalamide) (PMTA), Poly (p-phenylene-isophthalamide) (PPIA), Poly (p-phenylene pyromellitimide) (PPPI), poly (p-phenylene) (PPP), poly (phenylene sul
  • the filaments (A) are preferably pre-shrunk and / or fixed aramid, Polyester, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, PEK, PEEK or polyoxymethylene filaments, in particular pre-shrunk and / or fixed aramid filaments or High modulus polyester filaments.
  • the filaments (B) have an initial modulus of over 200 cN / tex, preferably from 220 to 650 cN / tex, in particular from 300 to 500 cN / tex a fineness-related maximum tensile force of over 12 cN / tex, preferably from 25 to 70 cN / tex, in particular from 30 to 65 cN / tex and a maximum tensile strength elongation of 20 to 50%, preferably 15 to 45%, in particular 20 to 35%.
  • they have individual titers of 0.5 to 25 dtex, preferably 0.7 to 15 dtex, in particular 0.8 to 10 dtex.
  • the filaments (B) are synthetic organic filaments.
  • filaments (A) are the required ones mentioned above Melting point difference of at least 10 ° C, preferably 20 to 100 ° C. in particular 30 to 70 ° C, they can have from the above High performance polymers exist.
  • Filaments (B) made of polyetherimide are an example (PEI) if the filaments (A) e.g. are made of glass.
  • spinnable polymers such as, for example, can also be considered as the polymer material from which the filaments (B) are made
  • Vinyl polymers such as polyolefins, polyvinyl esters, polyvinyl ethers, polyacrylic and methacrylates, polyvinyl aromatics, polyvinyl halides and a wide variety of copolymers, block and graft polymers, liquid-crystal polymers or polymer mixtures. Special representatives of these groups are polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polypentene, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, poly- (meth) acrylonitrile, possibly modified polystyrene, or multi-phase plastics such as ABS.
  • Polyaddition, polycondensation, polyoxidation or cyclization polymers are also suitable. Special representatives of these groups are polyamides, polyurethanes, polyureas, polyimides, polyesters, polyethers, polyhydantoins, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone polycarbonates, and their mixed forms, their mixtures and combinations with one another and with other polymers or polymer precursors, for example polyamide-6, polyamide -6.6, polyethylene terephthalate or bisphenol A polycarbonate.
  • the filaments (B) are preferably drawn polyester, polyamide or polyetherimide filaments. Particularly preferred as filaments (B) are polyester POY filaments and in particular polyethylene terephthalate filaments.
  • the filaments (B) simultaneously Thermoplastic filaments (matrix filaments) have a melting point of at least 10 ° C below the melting point of the reinforcing filaments (A) of the invention Hybrid yarn lies.
  • the three-dimensionally deformed thermoplastic molded articles produced from the hybrid yarns according to the invention via the sheet-like semifinished products should contain auxiliaries and additives such as fillers, stabilizers, matting agents or color pigments.
  • auxiliaries and additives such as fillers, stabilizers, matting agents or color pigments.
  • at least one of the filament types of the hybrid yarn additionally contains such auxiliaries and additives, in an amount of up to 40% by weight, preferably up to 20% by weight, in particular up to 12% by weight. % of the weight of the fiber components.
  • auxiliaries and additives in an amount of up to 40% by weight, preferably up to 20 % By weight, in particular up to 12% by weight, of the weight of the fiber components.
  • Preferred auxiliaries and additives which may be contained in the thermoplastic fiber content are fillers, stabilizers and / or pigments.
  • End products that are made from the hybrid yarn of the invention are fiber-reinforced thermoplastic molded body. These are made from the hybrid yarn sheet-like, textile fabric (semi-finished product), which, because the in it reinforcement filaments contained are present in a crimped state, are permanently deformable in three dimensions.
  • the present invention also relates to these textile fabrics (semi-finished products) consisting of or containing a portion of the hybrid yarn according to the invention described above which significantly influences their deformability.
  • the fabrics according to the invention can be woven fabrics, knitted fabrics or knitted fabrics, stabilized scrims or possibly bonded nonwoven fabrics.
  • the fabric is preferably a knitted or knitted fabric or a stabilized, unidirectional or multidirectional fabric, but in particular a fabric.
  • the woven surfaces can have all known fabric constructions, such as the plain weave and its derivatives, such as, for example, grosgrain, panama, barley grain or mock leno weave, the twill weave and its multiple derivatives, of which only, for example, herringbone twill, flat twill, braided twill, grid twill, cross twill , Pointed twill, zigzag twill, shadow twill or shadow cross twill, or the satin weave with floats of various lengths.
  • the plain weave and its derivatives such as, for example, grosgrain, panama, barley grain or mock leno weave
  • the twill weave and its multiple derivatives of which only, for example, herringbone twill, flat twill, braided twill, grid twill, cross twill , Pointed twill, zigzag twill, shadow twill or shadow cross twill, or the satin weave with floats of various lengths.
  • the density of each of the fabric surfaces is in the range of 2 to 60 threads / cm in warp and weft, depending on the application for which the material is intended and the titer of the yarns used in the production. Within this range, the densities of the fabric layers can be different or, preferably, the same.
  • the textile surfaces are knitted or knitted.
  • the knitted textile surfaces can be warp knitted or weft knitted, whereby the constructions can be varied widely by means of handles or floats. (See DIN 62050 and 62056)
  • a knitted or knitted textile material according to the invention can have right / right, left / left or a right / left stitch structure and their known variants as well as jacquard patterns.
  • the right / right stitch structure includes, for example, their variants clad, openwork, ribbed, offset, wave, catch or nub as well as the interlock binding right / right / crossed.
  • the left / left mesh structure also includes, for example, their variants clad, broken, interrupted, offset, translated, catch or pimple.
  • the right / left stitch structure also includes, for example, their variants plated, deposited, perforated, plush, lining, catch or pimple.
  • weave or stitch bindings are made according to the intended purpose of the textile material according to the invention selected, being purely technical Functionality is crucial, but occasionally also decorative Aspects can be taken into account.
  • these fabrics according to the invention have a very good permanent deformability, especially deep drawing ability, because the reinforcement filaments contained therein are present in a crimped state.
  • the reinforcing filaments (A) of the hybrid yarn contained therein are preferably curled by 5 to 60%, preferably 12 to 50%, in particular 18 to 36%.
  • the present invention also relates to fiber-reinforced molded parts, consisting of 20 to 90, preferably 35 to 85, in particular 45 to 75% by weight, a sheet-like reinforcement material made of low shrinking filaments (A) which is embedded in 10 to 80, preferably 15 to 45, in particular 25 to 55 %
  • a thermoplastic matrix 0 to 70, preferably 0 to 50, in particular 0 to 30% by weight of further fiber components and additionally up to 40% by weight, preferably up to 20 wt .-%, in particular up to 12 wt .-% of the weight of the fiber and Matrix components auxiliary and additives.
  • Flat reinforcement materials embedded in the thermoplastic matrix can consist of sets of parallel filaments, which are arranged unidirectionally or e.g. multidirectionally aligned in superimposed layers and in are substantially stretched. But you can also knit or knit from fabrics Knitted, but preferably made of fabrics.
  • the fiber-reinforced molded part according to the invention contains fillers, stabilizers and / or pigments as auxiliaries and additives.
  • a characteristic of these molded parts is that they are produced by deforming a fabric from the hybrid yarn described above, in which the reinforcing filaments are crimped, at a temperature which is above the melting point of the thermoplastic filaments and below the melting point of the reinforcing filaments (A). It is important that they are produced by stretching deformation, the reinforcing filaments crimped in the semifinished product being stretched and drawn at least in the region of the deformed parts.
  • the melting point of the filaments used to produce the hybrid yarn according to the invention was determined in the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min.
  • DSC differential scanning calorimeter
  • the filament was loaded with a tension of 0.0018 cN / dtex and the shrinkage temperature diagram was recorded. Both values can be taken from the curve shape obtained.
  • a shrinkage force-temperature curve was recorded continuously with a heating rate of 10 ° C./min and with an inlet and outlet velocity of the filament into and out of the oven. Both desired values can be taken from the curve.
  • the determination of the opening length as a measure of the degree of swirl was carried out according to the principle of the hook drop test described in US-A-2985995 using an ITEMAT test device.
  • filaments (A) which have a crimp of 5% to 60%, preferably from 12 to 50%, especially from 18 to 36%, with or without Excess feed, or filaments (A), which have no crimp, with a Excess feed are swirled with the filaments (B).
  • Excess feed of the filaments (A) means that the intermingling device a greater length of filaments (A) is fed in than the time unit of Filaments (B).
  • the swirl is preferably adjusted so that the degree of swirl is one Opening length, of less than 200 mm, preferably in the range of 5 to 100 mm, is in particular in the range from 10 to 30 mm.
  • the first of these steps is a process for making a textile Fabric (semi-finished product) by weaving, knitting, knitting, laying or Tangled deposit of the hybrid yarn according to the invention, possibly together with other yarns, the hybrid yarn according to the invention used being those described above Features and wherein the proportion of the hybrid yarn is chosen so that it permanent deformability of the fabric significantly influenced. Preferably so much of the hybrid yarn according to the invention is used that the proportion of Hybrid yarn on the total amount of the woven, knitted, forged, laid or tangled yarn 30 to 100 wt .-%, preferably 50 to 100 wt .-%, is in particular 70 to 100% by weight.
  • the fabric is preferably produced by weaving with a Thread density from 4 to 20 threads / cm or by unidirectional or multi-directional laying of the hybrid yarns and stabilization of the scrim cross-laid binding threads or by local or full-surface bonding.
  • a hybrid yarn is used for which the degree of crimping of the filaments (A) is set so that it is about the elongation during processing.
  • the last step in the processing of the hybrid yarn according to the invention consists in Production of a fiber-reinforced molded part consisting of 20 to 90, preferably 35 to 85, in particular 45 to 75 wt .-%, of a sheet-like fiber material Filaments (A), which is embedded in 10 to 80, preferably 15 to 45, in particular 25 to 55% by weight of a thermoplastic matrix, and 0 to 70, preferably 0 to 50, in particular 0 to 30% by weight of further fiber components and additionally up to 40 % By weight, preferably up to 20% by weight, in particular up to 12% by weight of the Weight of the fiber and matrix constituents auxiliary and additives, by deformation of a permanently deformable textile according to the invention described above Sheet made of hybrid yarn according to the invention at a temperature which above the melting point of the thermoplastic filaments (B) and below the melting point the reinforcing filaments (A) is produced.
  • a sheet-like fiber material Filaments (A) which is embedded in 10 to 80, preferably 15
  • the following embodiments illustrate the manufacture of the Hybrid yarn according to the invention of the semifinished products I and II and one Fiber-reinforced thermoplastic molded body according to the invention.
  • the glass yarn of the interlacing nozzle is fed faster than the polyethylene terephthalate yarn (25% Excess supply).
  • the polyester yarn has a melting point of 250 ° C.
  • the swirled hybrid yarn obtained has a total titer of 3200 dtex, the opening length, measured with the ITEMAT device, is 19 mm.
  • a textured multifilament high-modulus aramid yarn from dtex 220f200 dtex with a crimp of 35% and a multifilament yarn made from polyethylene terephthalate - yarn with a titer of 3x dtex 110f128 are fed together to a swirl nozzle, in which they are swirled by a stream of compressed air.
  • the aramid yarn and the polyethylene terephthalate yarn are fed to the intermingling nozzle at approximately the same speed.
  • the polyester yarn has a melting point of 250 ° C.
  • the swirled hybrid yarn obtained has a total titer of 630 dtex, the opening length, measured with the ITEMAT device, is 21 mm.
  • a fabric with a plain weave is made from the hybrid yarn produced according to Example 1.
  • the thread density in the warp is 7.4, in the weft 8.2 threads per cm.
  • This fabric (semi-finished product) has good permanent deformability. The possible increase in area when deforming is about 30%.
  • a fabric with practically the same properties can be obtained from the hybrid yarn produced according to Example 2.
  • a semifinished product II produced according to Example 3 is drawn into a fender mold and heated to 280 ° C. for 3 minutes. After cooling to about 80 ° C., the raw molded fender body can be removed from the deep-drawing mold.
  • the fiber-reinforced thermoplastic molded body obtained has excellent strength. The reinforcement filaments are very evenly distributed and largely stretched.
  • the molded body is finished by trimming, smoothing and painting.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Claims (33)

  1. Fil hybride constitué de deux groupes de filaments, un groupe étant constitué d'un ou plusieurs sortes de filaments de renforcement (filaments (A)) et l'autre groupe d'un ou plusieurs sortes de filaments pour matrice (B), caractérisé en ce que
    les filaments (A) du premier groupe présentent un module d'élasticité supérieur à 600 cN/tex, de préférence de 800 à 25000 cN/tex, en particulier de 200 à 20000 cN/tex,
    une résistance en traction limite ("feinheitsbezogene Höchstzugskraft") supérieure à 60 cN/tex, de préférence de 80 à 220 cN/tex, en particulier de 100 à 200 cN/tex
    et un allongement à la rupture en traction limite de 0,01 à 20 %, de préférence de 0,1 à 7,0 %, en particulier de 1,0 à 5,0 %,
    les filaments (B) du second groupe sont des filaments thermoplastiques qui présentent un point de fusion d'au moins 10°C, de préférence de 20 à 100°C, en particulier de 30 à 70°C, inférieur au point de fusion des filaments (A),
    les filaments (A) présentent une texturation de 5 % à 60 %, de préférence de 12 % à 50 %, en particulier de 18 % à 36 %.
  2. Fil hybride selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les filaments sont enchevêtrésles uns aux autres.
  3. Fil hybride selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il possède un titre global de 100 à 25000 dtex, de préférence de 150 à 15000 dtex, en particulier de 200 à 10000 dtex.
  4. Fil hybride selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le taux des filaments (A) est de 20 à 90, de préférence de 35 à 85, en particulier de 45 à 75 % en masse, le taux des filaments (B) est de 10 à 80, de préférence de 15 à 45, en particulier de 25 à 55 % en masse et le taux des autres constituants est de 0 à 70, de préférence de 0 à 50, en particulier de 0 à 30 % en masse du fil hybride.
  5. Fil hybride selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les filaments (A) présentent un module d'élasticité supérieur à 600 cN/tex, de préférence de 800 à 25000 cN/tex, en particulier de 2000 à 20000 cN/tex, une résistance en traction limite rapportée au titre supérieure à 60 cN/tex, de préférence de 80 à 220 cN/tex, en particulier de 100 à 200 cN/tex et un allongement à la rupture en traction limite de 0,01 à 20 %, de préférence de 0,1 à 7,0 %, en particulier de 1,0 à 5,0 %.
  6. Fil hybride selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les filaments (A) présentent un maximum de retrait de séchage inférieur à 3 %.
  7. Fil hybride selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les filaments (A) présentent un titre unitaire de 0,1 à 20 dtex, de préférence de 0,4 à 16 dtex, en particulier de 0,8 à 10 dtex.
  8. Fil hybride selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les filaments (A) sont des filaments inorganiques, des filaments en polymères hautes performances ou des filaments organiques pré-rétractés et/ou fixés.
  9. Fil hybride selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les filaments (A) sont des filaments métalliques, de verre, de céramique ou de carbone.
  10. Fil hybride selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les filaments (A) sont des filaments de verre.
  11. Fil hybride selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les filaments (A) sont des filaments polyesters à haut module ou des filaments aramides à haut module pré-rétractés et/ou fixés.
  12. Fil hybride selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que les filaments (B) sont des filaments organiques synthétiques.
  13. Fil hybride selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que les filaments (B) sont des filaments polyester, polyamide ou polyétherimide.
  14. Fil hybride selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que les filaments (B) sont des filaments poly(téréphtalate d'éthylène).
  15. Fil hybride selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que au moins une des sortes de filaments du fil hybride contient de plus des adjuvants et des matières d'addition en une quantité allant jusqu'à 40 % en masse, de préférence jusqu'à 20 % en masse, en particulier jusqu'à 12 % en masse du poids des constituants fibreux.
  16. Produits textile plat déformable de manière permanente constitué du fil hybride ou contenant un taux de fil hybride de la revendication 1 qui influence significativement sa déformabilité.
  17. Produit plat selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que le produit plat est un tissu ou un tricot, un mat stabilisée ou éventuellement une nappe enchevêtrée liée.
  18. Produit plat selon au moins une des revendications 16 et 17, caractérisé en ce que le produit plat est un tissu.
  19. Produit plat selon au moins l'une des revendications 16 à 18, caractérisé en ce qu'il est un mat stabilisé unidirectionnel.
  20. Produit plat selon au moins l'une des revendications 16 à 19, caractérisé en ce que les filaments (A) du fil hybride contenu dans ledit produit sont texturés de 5 à 60 %, de préférence de 12 à 50 %, en particulier de 18 à 36 %.
  21. Profilé renforcé de fibres, caractérisé en ce qu'il est préparé par déformation d'un produit plat textile de la revendication 16 à une température supérieure au point de fusion des filaments thermoplastiques et inférieure au point de fusion des filaments de renforcement (A).
  22. Profilé renforcé de fibres selon la revendication 21, constitué de 20 à 90, de préférence de 35 à 85, en particulier de 45 à 75 % en masse d'un matière fibreuse plane en filaments faiblement rétractables (A), qui sont noyés dans une quantité de 10 à 80, de préférence de 15 à 45, en particulier de 25 à 55 % en masse d'une matrice thermoplastique, de 0 à 70, de préférence de 0 à 50, en particulier de 0 à 30 % en masse d'autres constituant fibreux et, de plus, jusqu'à 40 % en masse, de préférence jusqu'à 20 % en masse en particulier jusqu'à 12 % en masse, par rapport au poids des constituants fibreux et constituants pour matrice, d'adjuvants et de matières d'addition.
  23. Profilé selon la revendication 22, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient, en tant qu'adjuvants et matières d'addition, des charges, des stabilisants et/ou pigments.
  24. Profilé selon au moins l'une des revendication 21 à 23, caractérisé en ce qu'il est préparé par déformation étirante.
  25. Procédé pour la préparation d'un fil hybride de la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on enchevêtre en premier groupe de filaments (filaments (A)) et un second groupe de filaments (filaments (B)) dans un dispositif d'enchevêtrement ou de texturation par soufflage, que l'on alimente au moins en filaments (A) avec une suralimentation de 5 à 60 %, où
    les filaments (A) du premier groupe présentent un module d'élasticité supérieur à 600 cN/tex, de préférence de 800 à 25000 cN/tex, en particulier de 200 à 20000 cN/tex,
    une résistance en traction limite rapportée au titre supérieure à 60 cN/tex, de préférence de 80 à 220 cN/tex, en particulier de 100 à 200 cN/tex et un alloongement à la rupture en traction limite de 0,01 à 20 %, de préférence de 0,1 à 7,0 %, en particulier de 1,0 à 5,0 %,
    les filaments (B) du second groupe sont des filaments thermoplastiques qui possèdent un point de fusion d'au moins 10°C, de préférence de 20 à 100°C, en particulier de 30 à 70°C, inférieur au point de fusion des filaments (A).
  26. Procédé selon la revendication 25, caractérisé en ce que la suralimentation en filaments (A) est réglée de façon telle qu'il s'établisse dans le fil hybride enchevêtré une texturation de 5 % à 60 %, de préférence de 12 à 50 %, en particulier de 18 à 36 %.
  27. Procédé selon au moins l'une des revendications 25 à 26, caractérisé en ce qu'on règle l'enchevêtrement de façon telle que le degré d'enchevêtrement d'une longueur d'ouverture, mesuré par test à l'aiguille, soit de <200 mm, de préférence dans le domaine de 5 à 100 mm, en particulier dans le domaine de 10 à 30 mm.
  28. Procédé pour la préparation du produit plat textile de la revendication 16 par tissage, tricotage, dépôt ou dépôt par enchevêtrement d'un fil hybride, éventuellement conjointement avec d'autres fils, caractérisé en ce que lie fil hybride utilisé présente les caractéristiques de la revendication 1 et que le taux du fil hybride est choisi de façon telle qu'il influence significativement la déformation permanente du produit plat.
  29. Procédé selon la revendication 28, caractérisé en ce que le taux du fil hybride par rapport à la quantité totale du fil tissé, tricoté, déposé ou déposé par enchevêtrement est de 30 à 100 % en masse, de préférence de 50 à 100 % en masse, en particulier de 70 à 100 % en masse.
  30. Procédé selon au moins l'une des revendications 28 et 29 caractérisé en ce qu'on prépare le produit plat par tissage avec un compte en fils de 4 à 20 fils/cm.
  31. Procédé selon au moins l'une des revendications 28 à 30, caractérisé en ce qu'on prépare le produit plat par dépôt des fils et par stabilisation de la couche par des fils de liage déposés transversalement ou par liage local ou sur la totalité de la surface.
  32. Procédé selon au moins l'une des revendications 28 à 31, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise un fil hybride où le degré de la texturation des filaments (A) est établi de façon telle qu'il corresponde environ à l'étirage obtenu au cours de la transformation.
  33. Procédé pour la préparation d'un profilé renforcé de fibres de la revendication 21, constitué de 20 à 90, de préférence de 35 à 85, en particulier de 45 à 75 % en masse d'une matière fibreuse plane en filaments (A), qui est noyée dans une quantité de 10 à 80, de préférence de 15 à 45, en particulier de 25 à 55 % en masse d'une matrice thermoplastique, ainsi que de 0 à 70, de préférence de 0 à 50, en particulier de 0 à 30 % en masse d'autres constituant fibreux et, de plus, jusqu'à 40 % en masse, de préférence jusqu'à 20 % en masse en particulier jusqu'à 12 % en masse du poids des constituants fibreux et constituants pour matrice, d'adjuvants et de matières d'addition, caractérisé en ce qu'on prépare le profilé renforcé déformation d'un produit plat textile de la revendication 16, à une température supérieure au point de fusion des filaments thermoplastiques et inférieure au point de fusion des filaments de renforcement (A).
EP96105008A 1995-04-10 1996-03-29 Fabrication et utilisation d'un matériau textile mis en forme de manière permanente et réalisé à partir d'un fil hybride Expired - Lifetime EP0737763B1 (fr)

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DE19513506 1995-04-10
DE19513506A DE19513506A1 (de) 1995-04-10 1995-04-10 Hybridgarn und daraus hergestelltes permanent verformbares Textilmaterial, seine Herstellung und Verwendung

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EP0737763A3 EP0737763A3 (fr) 1997-01-22
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DK0737763T3 (da) 2001-02-05
DE59606243D1 (de) 2001-02-01
ATE198361T1 (de) 2001-01-15
TW393531B (en) 2000-06-11
CZ103596A3 (en) 1997-08-13
JPH08284035A (ja) 1996-10-29
ES2152448T3 (es) 2001-02-01
KR960037896A (ko) 1996-11-19
CA2173705A1 (fr) 1996-10-11
MX9601330A (es) 1997-04-30
NO961400D0 (no) 1996-04-09
EP0737763A3 (fr) 1997-01-22
US5792555A (en) 1998-08-11
AU711934B2 (en) 1999-10-21
DE19513506A1 (de) 1996-10-17
NO961400L (no) 1996-10-11
BR9601296A (pt) 1998-01-13
AU5052796A (en) 1996-10-24
EP0737763A2 (fr) 1996-10-16
PL313680A1 (en) 1996-10-14

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