EP0726584A1 - Dispositif pour la commande d'un électro-aimant - Google Patents

Dispositif pour la commande d'un électro-aimant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0726584A1
EP0726584A1 EP95119898A EP95119898A EP0726584A1 EP 0726584 A1 EP0726584 A1 EP 0726584A1 EP 95119898 A EP95119898 A EP 95119898A EP 95119898 A EP95119898 A EP 95119898A EP 0726584 A1 EP0726584 A1 EP 0726584A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air gap
winding
pull
electromagnet
switching device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95119898A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0726584B1 (fr
Inventor
Markus Fritschi
Hans-Peter Meili
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rockwell Automation Switzerland GmbH
Original Assignee
Rockwell Automation AG
Sprecher und Schuh AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rockwell Automation AG, Sprecher und Schuh AG filed Critical Rockwell Automation AG
Publication of EP0726584A1 publication Critical patent/EP0726584A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0726584B1 publication Critical patent/EP0726584B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for controlling an electromagnet with a fixed core, with a pull-in winding through which current flows temporarily after being switched on and with a holding winding through which current flows in the operating state, and with an armature which is movable relative to the core with the change of an air gap, one in series with the pull-in winding Switched, magnetically influenced switching device interrupts the power supply to the pull-in winding when the air gap disappears.
  • a device for controlling an electromagnet of the type mentioned is known.
  • the electromagnet is provided with a pull-in winding and with a holding winding.
  • a magnetically influenceable switching device is used which interrupts the power supply to the pull-in winding when the electromagnet is pulled.
  • the magnetically influenceable switching device absorbs the stray flux that arises from the presence of an air gap between the core and the armature of the electromagnet.
  • the switching device contains tongue contacts made of a magnetic material, at least one of which is compliant and suitable to be attracted to the other tongue contact when a magnetic flux surrounds the contacts.
  • This electromagnet exhibits a not negligible switch-on delay when it is switched on, because the holding winding, which is permanently connected to the connection terminals and immediately flows with current when the electromagnet is switched on, must first build up the stray magnetic field in order to close the switching device that responds to the stray magnetic field and thereby the pull-up winding on the supply voltage to connect.
  • the switching device responsive to the stray magnetic field is also particularly sensitive to external magnetic fields. Such external fields can originate from the electromagnet of an adjacent contactor or from adjacent lines through which short-circuit current flows. An external field can close the switching device, which responds to a magnetic field, and can unintentionally switch on the pull-in coil, which in the worst case can cause the pull-in coil to burn. In the further this switching device, which responds to a magnetic field, requires a relatively large amount of space, which leads to the enlargement and cost increase of the entire electromagnet.
  • the mechanical contacts also have a relatively short service life due to contact erosion.
  • DE-C2-2128651 a further device for controlling an electromagnet with a pull-in winding and a holding winding is known.
  • switching electronics are provided which switch off the pick-up winding after a predetermined time. This device fails at least if the electromagnet remains blocked for some reason or the voltage applied to the windings deviates significantly from the intended one.
  • DE-A1-3637133 describes a further device for controlling an electromagnet.
  • This electromagnet has only one winding.
  • An electronic switching arrangement reduces the current through the single winding when the air gap of the electromagnet is closed.
  • a Hall effect sensor is attached in the vicinity of the air gap and is connected to the electronic switching arrangement via cables. The Hall effect sensor supplies a voltage from the moment it is switched on until the air gap closes.
  • the voltage delivered to control the electronic switching arrangement is strongly dependent on the installation location of the Hall effect sensor, which is why the Hall effect sensor must be positioned precisely in relation to the core and the armature.
  • a Hall effect sensor can be strongly influenced by external magnetic fields.
  • An external magnetic field can reduce or increase the current flowing through the winding of the electromagnet, and the holding force of the electromagnet can decrease until the armature is unintentionally separated from the core.
  • Another disadvantage of this arrangement is that the electronic switching arrangement emits a comparatively high power loss because the holding current that flows through the winding during operation must also constantly flow through the electronic switching arrangement. The necessary supply of the Hall effect sensor also has an adverse effect.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop a device of the type mentioned at the beginning for controlling an electromagnet, which has a relatively long service life, can be accommodated in a space-saving manner in an electromagnetic switching device, with all of the occurring ones Operating conditions work reliably, is largely insensitive to external magnetic fields, gives off a relatively small power loss and is economically advantageous.
  • the magnetically influenceable switching device contains a sensor coil which is coupled at least in the open air gap to at least one part of the magnetic field of the electromagnet and has at least one turn, which with the voltage peak induced therein at the moment of the air gap closing via an electronic switching arrangement the pull-in winding in series, controllable semiconductor switches high resistance.
  • This device has no mechanically moving parts, the service life is therefore relatively long.
  • the arrangement is also space-saving because both the sensor coil and the controllable semiconductor with the associated further circuit elements are relatively small.
  • the magnetically controllable switching device is also largely insensitive to external magnetic fields, because it does not react to the disappearance of a magnetic stray field in the air gap area until the electromagnet closes, but to the very steep change in the magnetic flux in the electromagnet that occurs when the air gap closes, and to the at this moment, a significant voltage spike induced in the sensor coil responds.
  • This magnetically influenced switching device takes advantage of the fact that a very steep change in the magnetic flux occurs in the closing moment of the air gap of an electromagnet. The voltage peak induced in the sensor coil at this moment is significantly higher than the voltage induced by any AC excitation or by another external field.
  • This switching device also works in all operating conditions, such as when the coil voltage is too low or too high, because it only responds in the actual closing torque of the electromagnet. After the circuit of the pull-in coil is switched to high resistance when the electromagnet is energized, the power loss of the switching device is also negligibly small.
  • the device for controlling an electromagnet formed from relatively few circuit elements is also economically advantageous.
  • the sensor coil can be formed from at least one turn at any point around the core and / or around the armature.
  • a turn is made in the winding at any point in the core and / or the armature Voltage peak induced, which brings about the switchover of the controllable semiconductor to the high-resistance position with certainty and thus ensures that the pull-in winding is switched off.
  • the sensor coil is advantageously arranged in the region of the air gap next to the core and / or the armature and is coupled to the stray field of the electromagnet around the air gap.
  • the sensor coil attached in the stray field of the electromagnet in the area of the air gap emits an induced voltage peak at the moment the air gap closes. This clear voltage spike clearly brings the controllable semiconductor into the high-resistance position.
  • the pull-in winding receives practically no current via the semiconductor, which has become high-resistance, after which only the holding winding remains supplied with power and remains effective.
  • the magnetically influenceable switching device is advantageously designed as a one-piece unit. This solution is particularly advantageous because the one-piece unit can be accommodated very easily, in particular in the air gap area, and this unit, which can be connected in series with the pull-in coil, contains both sensor and circuit elements. Without any positioning work, this arrangement ensures reliable high-resistance switching of the controllable semiconductor.
  • This magnetically influenceable switching device is advantageously installed in the air gap-side flange of the coil body of the pull-in and holding windings.
  • the placement of the magnetically influenceable switching device with the sensor coil in the air gap-side flange of the coil body of the pull-in and holding windings is a particularly advantageous solution because the air gap-set flange of the coil body is generally located directly in the air gap area, so that the sensor coil detecting the stray field around the air gap is not a special one Positioning measures are required.
  • the magnetically influenceable switching device can be equipped with a switching arrangement which effects a tightening time limitation and which interrupts the power supply of the pulling winding when the armature is not operating after a predetermined limitation time. At the tightening time e.g. This circuit arrangement is also provided to limit the electromagnet blocked in the open position, whereby any combustion of the pull-in winding is prevented.
  • the magnetically influenceable switching device can be the pull-in winding contain on and off semiconductor switching element controlling flip-flop, which is controlled directly by the sensor coil.
  • the simply designed flip-flop offers an advantageous solution for controlling the controllable semiconductor.
  • FIG. 1 shows, a pull-in winding 1 and a holding winding 2 of an electromagnetic switching device (not shown in more detail) are connected in parallel on the coil connection terminals 3, 4. Between the terminals 4 and 6 is a magnetically influenceable switching device 5 connected in series with the pull-in winding 1 for controlling the power supply of the pull-in winding 1.
  • the electromagnet excitable by the pull-in and holding windings 1, 2 contains a fixed core 7 (FIG. 4 and 5) and an armature 8 movable relative to the core 7, changing the air gap between them.
  • FIG. 2 shows the circuit diagram of the magnetically influenceable switching device 5 between the terminals 4 and 6 shown in FIG. Between terminals 4 and 6 there is a Transil 9 as overvoltage protection. A diode 10 is provided behind the input terminal 6 as protection against polarity reversal for the DC variant of the switching device 5 shown here.
  • a controllable semi-conductor, in this exemplary embodiment a MOS-FET 11, a supply capacitor 13 connected via a diode 12, and a blocking capacitor 15 connected via a charging resistor 14 are connected in parallel between the terminals 4 and 6 lying in series with the pick-up winding 1.
  • the gate terminal 17 and the source terminal 18 of the MOS-FET are connected to the terminals of the supply capacitor 13 via a switch-on charging resistor 16 11, a gate-source capacitor 19, a zener diode 20 and an npn transistor 21 connected in parallel.
  • a sensor coil 22 is connected to the base of the npn transistor 21 via a diode 23.
  • the base of the npn transistor 21 is connected on the one hand to the emitter of this transistor 21 via a load resistor 24 intended for the sensor coil 22 and on the other hand to the terminal of the blocking capacitor 15 via a resistor 25.
  • This switching device 5 which can be influenced magnetically and is shown in FIG. 2 using the circuit diagram, functions as follows.
  • the contactor When the contactor is switched on, the coil voltage is applied to the coil connection terminals 3, 4.
  • the full coil voltage appears at the open terminals 4, 6 of the switching device 5.
  • the supply capacitor 13 is charged to the full voltage via the diode 12 with a time constant of T s .
  • the gate-source capacitor 19 is charged via the switch-on resistor 16 with a switch-on time constant T e . After at least one switch-on time constant T e has elapsed, the MOS-FET 11 switches through and becomes low-resistance.
  • the stray flux disappears very rapidly in the air gap region, a tip-shaped sensor voltage with very steep flanks is induced in the sensor coil 22.
  • the sensor voltage is supplied via the diode 23 to the base of the npn transistor 21, as a result of which a base current occurs in the npn transistor 21.
  • the blocking capacitor 15 is also at least partially charged by the sensor voltage, so that after the sensor voltage has disappeared, the npn transistor 21 remains conductive until the blocking capacitor 15 has been further charged via the charging resistor 14.
  • the npn transistor 21 thus becomes conductive as soon as the sensor voltage is supplied to the base and discharges the gate-source capacitor 19, whereupon the MOS-FET 11 becomes high-resistance.
  • the current through the pull-in winding 1 is interrupted, the contactor magnet is only held in the drawn position by the holding winding 2 directly connected to the coil connection terminals 3, 4.
  • the blocking capacitor 15 is charged via the charging resistor 14 with a time constant of T v , after which the npn transistor 21 continues to be supplied with base current via the resistor 25.
  • the npn transistor 21 thus remains conductive after the sensor voltage has disappeared and prevents the MOS FET 11 from becoming low-resistance again.
  • the time constant T v given by the resistor 14 and the blocking capacitor 15 is chosen to be substantially larger than the switch-on time constant T e given by the switch-on charging resistor 16 and the gate-source capacitor 19, which prevents the npn transistor 21 from being switched on during the switch-on time becomes a leader.
  • the switching on proceeds as described before until the moment when the sensor coil 22 should emit a sensor voltage due to the disappearance of the air gap. Because the armature 8 is blocked in this case, the air gap cannot disappear despite the energized pull-in coil 1.
  • the gate-source capacitor 19 is partially discharged via the zener diode 20, via the npn transistor 21 and via the MOS-FET 11 by leakage currents with a time constant of T n .
  • the MOS-FET 11 becomes high-resistance again, after which the current supply to the pull-in winding 1 is interrupted. Due to the voltage increase at the drain terminal 26 of the MOS-FET 11, the blocking capacitor 15 is charged via the charging resistor 14. As a result, the npn transistor 21 is supplied with base current via the resistor 25 and becomes conductive. The gate-source capacitor 19 discharges completely via the npn transistor 21 which has become conductive.
  • the contactor When the contactor is switched off, the voltage at the coil connection terminals 3, 4 is interrupted.
  • the charge of the feed capacitor 13 flows through the switch-on resistor 16 and the npn transistor 21.
  • the npn transistor 21 receives the base current from the blocking capacitor 15 via the resistor 25, so that it remains conductive for the discharge of the supply capacitor 13.
  • the exemplary embodiment described above was a DC-excited electromagnet.
  • AC excitation one advantageously closes one in front of the terminals 4 and 6 of the switching device 5 Rectifier.
  • the sensor coil 22 emits an alternating voltage corresponding to the frequency of the alternating current after the electromagnet is switched on.
  • this induced alternating voltage is substantially smaller than the voltage peak induced by the steep change in flow when the air gap is closed, so that the alternating voltage induced before the air gap is closed can be neglected as "noise".
  • the base current caused by the induced alternating voltage is not sufficient to make the npn transistor 21 conductive.
  • the magnetically influenceable switching device 5 with the sensor coil 22 is advantageously designed as a one-piece unit in the form of a printed circuit board 26. 5, this circuit board 26 is installed in the air gap-side flange of the coil body 27 of the pull-in and holding windings 1, 2. The sensor coil 22 integrated in the circuit board 26 is thus automatically in the air gap area and detects the stray flux there.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
EP95119898A 1995-02-09 1995-12-16 Dispositif pour la commande d'un électro-aimant Expired - Lifetime EP0726584B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH37495 1995-02-09
SE9500374 1995-02-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0726584A1 true EP0726584A1 (fr) 1996-08-14
EP0726584B1 EP0726584B1 (fr) 1998-03-11

Family

ID=4185570

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95119898A Expired - Lifetime EP0726584B1 (fr) 1995-02-09 1995-12-16 Dispositif pour la commande d'un électro-aimant

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5781396A (fr)
EP (1) EP0726584B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08255711A (fr)
AT (1) ATE164025T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59501605D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0726584T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2116669T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3026724T3 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19741570A1 (de) * 1997-09-20 1999-03-25 Heinz Leiber Elektromagnetische Stelleinrichtung
DE102006045353A1 (de) * 2006-09-26 2008-04-03 Lucas Automotive Gmbh Regeleinheit und Verfahren zur Regelung einer elektromagnetischen Ventilanordnung

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19640433C2 (de) * 1996-09-30 2000-10-12 Siemens Ag Leistungsendstufe zum Schalten induktiver Verbraucher
FR2786916B1 (fr) * 1998-12-07 2001-01-12 Schneider Electric Ind Sa Dispositif de commande d'un electro-aimant avec entree de commande locale
KR100933743B1 (ko) * 2003-11-11 2009-12-24 두산인프라코어 주식회사 릴레이 접점 과열 방지회로
KR101926864B1 (ko) * 2012-06-26 2018-12-07 현대자동차주식회사 차량 배터리시스템의 릴레이모듈

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1921232A1 (de) 1968-04-25 1969-11-20 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co Elektromagnetische Einrichtung
US3737736A (en) * 1971-04-23 1973-06-05 Lucifer Sa Electromagnet-controlling system
FR2290009A1 (fr) * 1974-10-28 1976-05-28 Telemecanique Electrique Circuits d'alimentation d'electro-aimants et electro-aimants comprenant ces circuits
DE3637133A1 (de) 1985-11-14 1987-05-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Magnetische sensorvorrichtung zur ueberwachung des magnetfeldes in einem luftspalt
JPH0554773A (ja) * 1991-08-21 1993-03-05 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 電磁石制御装置

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3803456A (en) * 1972-10-13 1974-04-09 Ledex Inc Electronic feedback control system for slow-speed operation of electromechanical devices
US4399483A (en) * 1982-02-08 1983-08-16 Chandler Evans, Inc. Solenoid current control
US5510951A (en) * 1994-08-01 1996-04-23 Eaton Corporation Electronic control for 3-wire DC coils
US5523684A (en) * 1994-11-14 1996-06-04 Caterpillar Inc. Electronic solenoid control apparatus and method with hall effect technology

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1921232A1 (de) 1968-04-25 1969-11-20 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co Elektromagnetische Einrichtung
US3737736A (en) * 1971-04-23 1973-06-05 Lucifer Sa Electromagnet-controlling system
DE2128651C2 (de) 1971-04-23 1984-01-12 Lucifer S.A., Carouge, Genève Schaltung zur Steuerung eines Elektromagneten
FR2290009A1 (fr) * 1974-10-28 1976-05-28 Telemecanique Electrique Circuits d'alimentation d'electro-aimants et electro-aimants comprenant ces circuits
DE3637133A1 (de) 1985-11-14 1987-05-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Magnetische sensorvorrichtung zur ueberwachung des magnetfeldes in einem luftspalt
JPH0554773A (ja) * 1991-08-21 1993-03-05 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 電磁石制御装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 017, no. 353 (E - 1393) 5 July 1993 (1993-07-05) *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19741570A1 (de) * 1997-09-20 1999-03-25 Heinz Leiber Elektromagnetische Stelleinrichtung
DE102006045353A1 (de) * 2006-09-26 2008-04-03 Lucas Automotive Gmbh Regeleinheit und Verfahren zur Regelung einer elektromagnetischen Ventilanordnung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2116669T3 (es) 1998-07-16
GR3026724T3 (en) 1998-07-31
JPH08255711A (ja) 1996-10-01
DE59501605D1 (de) 1998-04-16
US5781396A (en) 1998-07-14
EP0726584B1 (fr) 1998-03-11
DK0726584T3 (da) 1998-04-06
ATE164025T1 (de) 1998-03-15

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