EP0726584B1 - Dispositif pour la commande d'un électro-aimant - Google Patents

Dispositif pour la commande d'un électro-aimant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0726584B1
EP0726584B1 EP95119898A EP95119898A EP0726584B1 EP 0726584 B1 EP0726584 B1 EP 0726584B1 EP 95119898 A EP95119898 A EP 95119898A EP 95119898 A EP95119898 A EP 95119898A EP 0726584 B1 EP0726584 B1 EP 0726584B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air gap
winding
electromagnet
switching device
sensor coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95119898A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0726584A1 (fr
Inventor
Markus Fritschi
Hans-Peter Meili
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rockwell Automation Switzerland GmbH
Original Assignee
Rockwell Automation AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rockwell Automation AG filed Critical Rockwell Automation AG
Publication of EP0726584A1 publication Critical patent/EP0726584A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0726584B1 publication Critical patent/EP0726584B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for controlling an electromagnet with a fixed core, with a temporary after switching on current-carrying pull-in winding, with one in the operating state current-carrying holding winding, with a relative to the core below Change an air gap movable armature, and with one with the pull-in winding series-connected, magnetically influenceable switching device which Power supply to the pull-in winding is interrupted when the air gap disappears.
  • DE-A1-1921232 describes a device for controlling an electromagnet of the type mentioned above.
  • the electromagnet is with one Tightening winding and provided with a holding winding.
  • To switch off the Tightening winding after the air gap between the core and the Anchors use a magnetically influenceable switching device, which Power supply to the pull-in winding is interrupted when the electromagnet is tightened.
  • the magnetically influenceable switching device absorbs the stray flux by the presence of an air gap between the core and the armature of the electromagnet is created.
  • the switching device contains tongue contacts Made of a magnetic material, at least one of which is compliant and is suitable to be attracted to the other tongue contact when a magnetic flux surrounding the contacts.
  • This electromagnet points at Switch on a non-negligible switch-on delay, because the on the Terminals permanently connected and when the electromagnet is switched on immediately holding current flows through the magnetic first Stray field must build up in order to respond to the magnetic stray field To close the switching device and thereby the pick-up winding on the supply voltage to connect.
  • the switching device responsive to the stray magnetic field is also particularly sensitive to external magnetic fields. Such external fields can come from an adjacent electromagnet Contactor or from neighboring lines through which short-circuit current flows.
  • An external field can be the switching device responsive to a magnetic field close and unintentionally turn on the suit coil, which will result in the worst In the event that the suit coil can burn.
  • this switching device responsive to a magnetic field is required proportionately lots of space, which increases and increases the cost of the entire electromagnet leads.
  • the mechanical contacts have one Contact burn-up, relatively short lifespan.
  • FR-A1-2290009 there is also a device for controlling an electromagnet described with a pull-in winding and with a holding winding.
  • An electronic circuit arrangement is connected in parallel to the holding winding, which controls the power supply to the pull-in winding by attracted, closed magnetic circuit whose power supply interrupts.
  • the electronic circuit arrangement is the in the closing moment of Electromagnets induced in the holding winding induced overvoltage interrupt the power supply to the pull-in winding.
  • the holding winding is not only during the electromagnet's tightening process, but connected to the mains during the entire operating period. That is why terminal voltage supplied to the electronic circuit arrangement with im Network existing interference voltages contaminated.
  • the holding winding must Time lag associated with cost can be added to the effect to make the interference voltages ineffective. This time delay of the switch-on time is dependent on the phase of the voltage at the moment of switch-on, ie not constant.
  • the electronic provided here needs Circuit arrangement also an external power supply, the additional cost means.
  • the envisaged electronic switch of the pull-in winding is because of the difficulty in deleting a controlled semiconductor Direct current unsuitable for direct current supply.
  • DE-C2-2128651 is a further device for controlling a Electromagnets with a pull-in winding and a holding winding are known.
  • switching electronics are provided, which after expiration turns off the pull-in winding for a predetermined time. This facility fails at least if the electromagnet for some reason remains blocked, or the voltage applied to the windings from the provided deviates significantly.
  • DE-A1-3637133 describes a further device for controlling a Electromagnets.
  • This electromagnet has only one winding.
  • An electronic switching arrangement reduces the current through the only one Winding with the electromagnet's air gap closed.
  • To the switching arrangement to control is a Hall effect sensor near the air gap attached, which is connected to the electronic switching arrangement via cable is.
  • the Hall effect sensor delivers from the moment it is switched on until it closes a tension in the air gap.
  • the voltage output is strongly dependent on the installation location of the Hall effect sensor. therefore, the Hall effect sensor must be in relation to the core and the Anchor must be positioned exactly. Furthermore, a Hall effect sensor is through Magnetic external fields can be strongly influenced.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device at the outset to develop the above-mentioned type for controlling an electromagnet, the one has a relatively long service life in an electromagnetic Switchgear can be accommodated in a space-saving manner with all occurring Operating conditions work reliably, on external magnetic fields is largely insensitive, gives off a relatively small power loss and is economically advantageous.
  • the task is solved in that the magnetically influenceable Switching device with at least one open air gap Part of the magnetic field of the electromagnet coupled, at least one turn having sensor coil, and a controllable semiconductor connected in series with the pull-up winding via an electronic switching arrangement, the sensor coil with the one in the moment of Air gap closure induced voltage spike the controllable Semiconductor switches with high resistance.
  • This device has no mechanically moved Parts on, the lifespan is therefore relatively long.
  • the order is also space-saving because both the sensor coil and the controllable one Semiconductors with the associated additional circuit elements are proportionate are small.
  • the magnetically influenceable switching device is magnetic Foreign fields are also largely insensitive because they are not sensitive to that Disappearance in the air gap area until the electromagnet closes existing magnetic stray field, but on the closing of the Very steep change in the magnetic flux in the air gap Electromagnets and at that moment induced in the sensor coil clear voltage spike.
  • This magnetically controllable switching device takes advantage of the fact that at the closing moment of the air gap one Electromagnets a very steep change in the magnetic flux occurs.
  • the voltage spike induced in the sensor coil at this moment is essential higher than that from a possible AC excitation or by a other foreign field induced voltage.
  • This switching device works also in all operating conditions, such as too low or coil voltage applied too high, because it is only in the actual closing torque of the electromagnet responds. After the circuit of the pull coil is switched to high resistance when the electromagnet is energized Power loss of the switching device is also negligibly small. The out of proportion few circuit elements formed device for control an electromagnet is also economically advantageous.
  • the sensor coil can consist of at least one at any point around the Core and / or winding formed around the anchor. While closing the air gap between the core and the anchor is in the at one any point of the core and / or the armature Spike induces the switching of the controllable semiconductor the high-resistance position with certainty and thus the shutdown of the Ensures tightening winding.
  • the sensor coil is advantageously in the area of the air gap next to the Core and / or the armature arranged and with the stray field of the electromagnet coupled around the air gap.
  • the stray field of the electromagnet in the gives an induced voltage peak at the moment the air gap closes. This clear spike brings the controllable semiconductor clearly into the high-resistance Position.
  • the pull-in winding receives the semiconductor, which has become high impedance practically no more current, after which only the holding winding supplies power and remains effective.
  • the magnetically influenceable switching device is advantageously in one piece Unity trained. This solution is particularly advantageous because the one-piece unit very easily housed, especially in the air gap area and this unit can be connected in series with the pull-in coil contains both sensor and circuit elements. Without any positioning work This arrangement ensures a safe high-resistance circuit of the controllable Semiconductor.
  • This magnetically influenceable switching device is included Advantage in the air gap flange of the bobbin of the pull-in and holding windings built-in.
  • the accommodation of the magnetically influenceable switching device with the sensor coil in the air gap-side flange of the coil body the tightening and holding windings is a particularly advantageous solution because the air gap set flange of the coil body usually directly in the air gap area lies, so that the sensor coil detecting the stray field around the air gap no special positioning measures are required.
  • the switching device which can be influenced magnetically can have a tightening time limit effecting switching arrangement to be equipped with the non-operational Behavior of the armature after the power supply to the pull-in winding Interruption of a predetermined limit time.
  • a tightening time limit E.g. limit even with the electromagnet blocked in the open position, this circuit arrangement is provided, any combustion of the Tightening winding is prevented.
  • the magnetically influenceable switching device can be the pull-in winding on and off semiconductor switching element controlling flip-flop included, which is controlled directly by the sensor coil.
  • the simply constructed Tilting stage offers an advantageous solution for controlling the controllable Semiconductor.
  • a pull-in winding 1 and a holding winding 2 are one Electromagnetic switching device, not shown, on the coil connection terminals 3, 4 connected in parallel. Is between terminals 4 and 6 a magnetically influenceable connected in series with the starting winding 1 Switching device 5 for controlling the power supply of the pull-in winding 1.
  • the electromagnet excitable by the pull-in and holding windings 1, 2 contains a stationary core 7 (Fig. 3, 4 and 5) and one relative to the core 7 armature 8, changing the air gap therebetween.
  • FIG. 2 shows the circuit diagram of the terminals 4 shown in FIG. 1 and 6 existing, magnetically influenceable switching device 5 can be seen.
  • a Transil 9 as overvoltage protection available.
  • a diode 10 as protection against polarity reversal provided for the DC variant of the switching device 5 shown here.
  • a controllable semi-conductor in this exemplary embodiment a MOS-FET 11, a supply capacitor 13 connected via a diode 12, and a via a charging resistor 14 connected blocking capacitor 15 connected in parallel.
  • a switch-on resistor 16 the gate terminal 17 and the source terminal 18 of the MOS-FET 11, a gate-source capacitor 19, a zener diode 20 and an npn transistor 21 connected in parallel.
  • a sensor coil 22 is connected via a diode 23 the base of the NPN transistor 21 connected.
  • the base of the NPN transistor 21 is on the one hand with a load resistor 24 determined for the sensor coil 22 the emitter of this transistor 21 and on the other hand with a resistor 25 the terminal of the blocking capacitor 15 connected.
  • This switching device 5 which can be influenced magnetically and is shown in FIG. 2 using the circuit diagram, functions as follows.
  • the contactor When the contactor is switched on, the coil voltage is applied to the coil connection terminals 3, 4.
  • the full coil voltage appears at the open terminals 4, 6 of the switching device 5.
  • the supply capacitor 13 is charged to the full voltage via the diode 12 with a time constant of T s .
  • the gate-source capacitor 19 is charged via the switch-on resistor 16 with a switch-on time constant T e . After at least one switch-on time constant T e has expired, the MOS-FET 11 switches through and becomes low-resistance.
  • the stray flux disappears very rapidly in the air gap region, a tip-shaped sensor voltage with very steep flanks is induced in the sensor coil 22.
  • the sensor voltage is supplied via the diode 23 to the base of the npn transistor 21, as a result of which a base current occurs in the npn transistor 21.
  • the blocking capacitor 15 is also at least partially charged by the sensor voltage, so that after the sensor voltage has disappeared, the npn transistor 21 remains conductive until the blocking capacitor 15 has been further charged via the charging resistor 14.
  • the npn transistor 21 thus becomes conductive as soon as the sensor voltage is supplied to the base and discharges the gate-source capacitor 19, whereupon the MOS-FET 11 becomes high-resistance.
  • the current through the pull-in winding 1 is interrupted, the contactor magnet is only held in the drawn position by the holding winding 2 directly connected to the coil connection terminals 3, 4.
  • the blocking capacitor 15 is charged via the charging resistor 14 with a time constant of T v , after which the npn transistor 21 continues to be supplied with base current via the resistor 25.
  • the npn transistor 21 thus remains conductive after the sensor voltage has disappeared and prevents the MOS FET 11 from becoming low-resistance again.
  • the time constant T v given by the resistor 14 and the blocking capacitor 15 is chosen to be substantially larger than the switch-on time constant T e given by the switch-on charging resistor 16 and the gate-source capacitor 19, which prevents the npn transistor 21 from being switched on during the switch-on time becomes a leader.
  • the switching on proceeds as previously described until the sensor coil 22 should emit a sensor voltage due to the disappearance of the air gap. Because the armature 8 is blocked in this case, the air gap cannot disappear despite the energized pull-in coil 1.
  • the gate-source capacitor 19 is partially discharged via the zener diode 20, via the npn transistor 21 and via the MOS-FET 11 by leakage currents with a time constant of T n .
  • the MOS-FET 11 becomes high-resistance again, after which the current supply to the pull-in winding 1 is interrupted. Due to the voltage increase at the drain terminal 26 of the MOS-FET 11, the blocking capacitor 15 is charged via the charging resistor 14. As a result, the npn transistor 21 is supplied with base current via the resistor 25 and becomes conductive. The gate-source capacitor 19 discharges completely via the npn transistor 21 which has become conductive.
  • the contactor When the contactor is switched off, the voltage at the coil connection terminals 3, 4 interrupted. The charge of the feed capacitor 13 overflows the switch-on resistor 16 and via the npn transistor 21. While At this time, the NPN transistor 21 receives the base current from the blocking capacitor 15 through the resistor 25 so that it is used for the discharge of the feed capacitor 13 remains conductive.
  • the exemplary embodiment described above was one DC excited electromagnet. With AC excitation one closes advantageously one before the terminals 4 and 6 of the switching device 5 Rectifier.
  • the sensor coil 22 is in this arrangement after Switching on the electromagnet corresponding to the frequency of the alternating current induced AC voltage. This is induced AC voltage but much smaller than that due to the closing of the air gap the steep flow change induced voltage spike so that before closing of the air gap induced AC voltage neglected as "noise" can be.
  • the base current caused by the induced AC voltage is not sufficient to make the npn transistor 21 conductive.
  • the magnetically influenceable switching device 5 with the sensor coil 22 is advantageously as a one-piece unit, in the form of a printed circuit board 26 trained.
  • This circuit board 26 is, as Fig.5 shows, in the air gap side Flange of the bobbin 27 of the pull-in and holding windings 1, 2 built-in.
  • the sensor coil 22 integrated in the circuit board 26 lies in this way automatically in the air gap area and detects the leakage flow there.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Dispositif pour commander un électroaimant, comprenant un noyau à poste fixe (7), un enroulement d'attraction (1) parcouru par le courant de façon transitoire après le branchement, un enroulement de maintien (2) parcouru par le courant en fonctionnement, un induit (8) mobile par rapport au noyau en faisant varier un entrefer, et un dispositif de commutation (5), monté en série avec l'enroulement d'attraction (1) qui peut être influencé de façon magnétique qui interrompt l'alimentation en courant de l'enroulement d'attraction (1) lors de l'interruption de l'entrefer,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif de commutation (5) qui peut être influencé de façon magnétique, contient une bobine de détecteur (22) couplée au moins quand l'entrefer est ouvert avec au moins une partie du champ magnétique de l'électroaimant, disposée de façon séparée par rapport à l'enroulement d'attraction (1) et à l'enroulement de maintien (2), présentant au moins un enroulement, et un semi-conducteur commandable (11) branché en série avec l'enroulement d'attraction (1) au moyen d'un système de branchement électronique, la bobine du détecteur (22) branchant le semi-conducteur commandable (11) à haute impédance avec la pointe de tension induite dedans au moment de la fermeture de l'entrefer.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la bobine du détecteur (22) est constituée par au mois un enroulement mis à n'importe quel endroit autour du noyau (7) et/ou autour de l'induit (8).
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la bobine du détecteur (22) est disposée dans la zone de l'entrefer à côté du noyau (7) et/ou de l'induit (8) et est couplée avec le flux magnétique de dispersion de l'électroaimant autour de l'entrefer.
  4. Dispositif selon les revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif de commutation (5) qui peut être influencé de façon magnétique, est constitué sous la forme d'une unité d'une seule pièce.
  5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif de commutation (5) qui peut être influencé de façon magnétique, est monté dans le flanc, situé du côté de l'entrefer, du corps de la bobine (27) des enroulements d'attraction et de maintien (1,2).
  6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif de commutation (5) qui peut être influencé de façon magnétique, est équipé d'un système de commutation (11, 19, 20, 21) qui provoque une limitation du temps d'attraction, et qui quand l'induit (8) ne fonctionne pas correctement, interrompt l'alimentation du courant de l'enroulement d'attraction (1) après l'écoulement d'un temps limité prédéterminé.
  7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif de commutation (5) qui peut être influencé de façon magnétique, contient un étage à bascule (19, 21) qui commande l'élément de commutation semi-conducteur (11) qui branche et qui débranche l'enroulement d'attraction (1) qui est directement commandé par la bobine du détecteur (22).
EP95119898A 1995-02-09 1995-12-16 Dispositif pour la commande d'un électro-aimant Expired - Lifetime EP0726584B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH37495 1995-02-09
SE9500374 1995-02-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0726584A1 EP0726584A1 (fr) 1996-08-14
EP0726584B1 true EP0726584B1 (fr) 1998-03-11

Family

ID=4185570

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95119898A Expired - Lifetime EP0726584B1 (fr) 1995-02-09 1995-12-16 Dispositif pour la commande d'un électro-aimant

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5781396A (fr)
EP (1) EP0726584B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08255711A (fr)
AT (1) ATE164025T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59501605D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0726584T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2116669T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3026724T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19640433C2 (de) * 1996-09-30 2000-10-12 Siemens Ag Leistungsendstufe zum Schalten induktiver Verbraucher
DE19741570A1 (de) * 1997-09-20 1999-03-25 Heinz Leiber Elektromagnetische Stelleinrichtung
FR2786916B1 (fr) * 1998-12-07 2001-01-12 Schneider Electric Ind Sa Dispositif de commande d'un electro-aimant avec entree de commande locale
KR100933743B1 (ko) * 2003-11-11 2009-12-24 두산인프라코어 주식회사 릴레이 접점 과열 방지회로
DE102006045353A1 (de) * 2006-09-26 2008-04-03 Lucas Automotive Gmbh Regeleinheit und Verfahren zur Regelung einer elektromagnetischen Ventilanordnung
KR101926864B1 (ko) * 2012-06-26 2018-12-07 현대자동차주식회사 차량 배터리시스템의 릴레이모듈

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2006888A1 (fr) 1968-04-25 1970-01-02 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co
CH523583A (fr) 1971-04-23 1972-05-31 Lucifer Sa Dispositif de commande d'un électro-aimant
US3803456A (en) * 1972-10-13 1974-04-09 Ledex Inc Electronic feedback control system for slow-speed operation of electromechanical devices
FR2290009A1 (fr) * 1974-10-28 1976-05-28 Telemecanique Electrique Circuits d'alimentation d'electro-aimants et electro-aimants comprenant ces circuits
US4399483A (en) * 1982-02-08 1983-08-16 Chandler Evans, Inc. Solenoid current control
US4608620A (en) 1985-11-14 1986-08-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Magnetic sensor for armature and stator
JPH0554773A (ja) * 1991-08-21 1993-03-05 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 電磁石制御装置
US5510951A (en) * 1994-08-01 1996-04-23 Eaton Corporation Electronic control for 3-wire DC coils
US5523684A (en) * 1994-11-14 1996-06-04 Caterpillar Inc. Electronic solenoid control apparatus and method with hall effect technology

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2116669T3 (es) 1998-07-16
ATE164025T1 (de) 1998-03-15
US5781396A (en) 1998-07-14
EP0726584A1 (fr) 1996-08-14
DK0726584T3 (da) 1998-04-06
GR3026724T3 (en) 1998-07-31
DE59501605D1 (de) 1998-04-16
JPH08255711A (ja) 1996-10-01

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