EP0726584A1 - Control device for an electromagnet - Google Patents

Control device for an electromagnet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0726584A1
EP0726584A1 EP95119898A EP95119898A EP0726584A1 EP 0726584 A1 EP0726584 A1 EP 0726584A1 EP 95119898 A EP95119898 A EP 95119898A EP 95119898 A EP95119898 A EP 95119898A EP 0726584 A1 EP0726584 A1 EP 0726584A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air gap
winding
pull
electromagnet
switching device
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Granted
Application number
EP95119898A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0726584B1 (en
Inventor
Markus Fritschi
Hans-Peter Meili
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Rockwell Automation Switzerland GmbH
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Rockwell Automation AG
Sprecher und Schuh AG
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Publication of EP0726584A1 publication Critical patent/EP0726584A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for controlling an electromagnet with a fixed core, with a pull-in winding through which current flows temporarily after being switched on and with a holding winding through which current flows in the operating state, and with an armature which is movable relative to the core with the change of an air gap, one in series with the pull-in winding Switched, magnetically influenced switching device interrupts the power supply to the pull-in winding when the air gap disappears.
  • a device for controlling an electromagnet of the type mentioned is known.
  • the electromagnet is provided with a pull-in winding and with a holding winding.
  • a magnetically influenceable switching device is used which interrupts the power supply to the pull-in winding when the electromagnet is pulled.
  • the magnetically influenceable switching device absorbs the stray flux that arises from the presence of an air gap between the core and the armature of the electromagnet.
  • the switching device contains tongue contacts made of a magnetic material, at least one of which is compliant and suitable to be attracted to the other tongue contact when a magnetic flux surrounds the contacts.
  • This electromagnet exhibits a not negligible switch-on delay when it is switched on, because the holding winding, which is permanently connected to the connection terminals and immediately flows with current when the electromagnet is switched on, must first build up the stray magnetic field in order to close the switching device that responds to the stray magnetic field and thereby the pull-up winding on the supply voltage to connect.
  • the switching device responsive to the stray magnetic field is also particularly sensitive to external magnetic fields. Such external fields can originate from the electromagnet of an adjacent contactor or from adjacent lines through which short-circuit current flows. An external field can close the switching device, which responds to a magnetic field, and can unintentionally switch on the pull-in coil, which in the worst case can cause the pull-in coil to burn. In the further this switching device, which responds to a magnetic field, requires a relatively large amount of space, which leads to the enlargement and cost increase of the entire electromagnet.
  • the mechanical contacts also have a relatively short service life due to contact erosion.
  • DE-C2-2128651 a further device for controlling an electromagnet with a pull-in winding and a holding winding is known.
  • switching electronics are provided which switch off the pick-up winding after a predetermined time. This device fails at least if the electromagnet remains blocked for some reason or the voltage applied to the windings deviates significantly from the intended one.
  • DE-A1-3637133 describes a further device for controlling an electromagnet.
  • This electromagnet has only one winding.
  • An electronic switching arrangement reduces the current through the single winding when the air gap of the electromagnet is closed.
  • a Hall effect sensor is attached in the vicinity of the air gap and is connected to the electronic switching arrangement via cables. The Hall effect sensor supplies a voltage from the moment it is switched on until the air gap closes.
  • the voltage delivered to control the electronic switching arrangement is strongly dependent on the installation location of the Hall effect sensor, which is why the Hall effect sensor must be positioned precisely in relation to the core and the armature.
  • a Hall effect sensor can be strongly influenced by external magnetic fields.
  • An external magnetic field can reduce or increase the current flowing through the winding of the electromagnet, and the holding force of the electromagnet can decrease until the armature is unintentionally separated from the core.
  • Another disadvantage of this arrangement is that the electronic switching arrangement emits a comparatively high power loss because the holding current that flows through the winding during operation must also constantly flow through the electronic switching arrangement. The necessary supply of the Hall effect sensor also has an adverse effect.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop a device of the type mentioned at the beginning for controlling an electromagnet, which has a relatively long service life, can be accommodated in a space-saving manner in an electromagnetic switching device, with all of the occurring ones Operating conditions work reliably, is largely insensitive to external magnetic fields, gives off a relatively small power loss and is economically advantageous.
  • the magnetically influenceable switching device contains a sensor coil which is coupled at least in the open air gap to at least one part of the magnetic field of the electromagnet and has at least one turn, which with the voltage peak induced therein at the moment of the air gap closing via an electronic switching arrangement the pull-in winding in series, controllable semiconductor switches high resistance.
  • This device has no mechanically moving parts, the service life is therefore relatively long.
  • the arrangement is also space-saving because both the sensor coil and the controllable semiconductor with the associated further circuit elements are relatively small.
  • the magnetically controllable switching device is also largely insensitive to external magnetic fields, because it does not react to the disappearance of a magnetic stray field in the air gap area until the electromagnet closes, but to the very steep change in the magnetic flux in the electromagnet that occurs when the air gap closes, and to the at this moment, a significant voltage spike induced in the sensor coil responds.
  • This magnetically influenced switching device takes advantage of the fact that a very steep change in the magnetic flux occurs in the closing moment of the air gap of an electromagnet. The voltage peak induced in the sensor coil at this moment is significantly higher than the voltage induced by any AC excitation or by another external field.
  • This switching device also works in all operating conditions, such as when the coil voltage is too low or too high, because it only responds in the actual closing torque of the electromagnet. After the circuit of the pull-in coil is switched to high resistance when the electromagnet is energized, the power loss of the switching device is also negligibly small.
  • the device for controlling an electromagnet formed from relatively few circuit elements is also economically advantageous.
  • the sensor coil can be formed from at least one turn at any point around the core and / or around the armature.
  • a turn is made in the winding at any point in the core and / or the armature Voltage peak induced, which brings about the switchover of the controllable semiconductor to the high-resistance position with certainty and thus ensures that the pull-in winding is switched off.
  • the sensor coil is advantageously arranged in the region of the air gap next to the core and / or the armature and is coupled to the stray field of the electromagnet around the air gap.
  • the sensor coil attached in the stray field of the electromagnet in the area of the air gap emits an induced voltage peak at the moment the air gap closes. This clear voltage spike clearly brings the controllable semiconductor into the high-resistance position.
  • the pull-in winding receives practically no current via the semiconductor, which has become high-resistance, after which only the holding winding remains supplied with power and remains effective.
  • the magnetically influenceable switching device is advantageously designed as a one-piece unit. This solution is particularly advantageous because the one-piece unit can be accommodated very easily, in particular in the air gap area, and this unit, which can be connected in series with the pull-in coil, contains both sensor and circuit elements. Without any positioning work, this arrangement ensures reliable high-resistance switching of the controllable semiconductor.
  • This magnetically influenceable switching device is advantageously installed in the air gap-side flange of the coil body of the pull-in and holding windings.
  • the placement of the magnetically influenceable switching device with the sensor coil in the air gap-side flange of the coil body of the pull-in and holding windings is a particularly advantageous solution because the air gap-set flange of the coil body is generally located directly in the air gap area, so that the sensor coil detecting the stray field around the air gap is not a special one Positioning measures are required.
  • the magnetically influenceable switching device can be equipped with a switching arrangement which effects a tightening time limitation and which interrupts the power supply of the pulling winding when the armature is not operating after a predetermined limitation time. At the tightening time e.g. This circuit arrangement is also provided to limit the electromagnet blocked in the open position, whereby any combustion of the pull-in winding is prevented.
  • the magnetically influenceable switching device can be the pull-in winding contain on and off semiconductor switching element controlling flip-flop, which is controlled directly by the sensor coil.
  • the simply designed flip-flop offers an advantageous solution for controlling the controllable semiconductor.
  • FIG. 1 shows, a pull-in winding 1 and a holding winding 2 of an electromagnetic switching device (not shown in more detail) are connected in parallel on the coil connection terminals 3, 4. Between the terminals 4 and 6 is a magnetically influenceable switching device 5 connected in series with the pull-in winding 1 for controlling the power supply of the pull-in winding 1.
  • the electromagnet excitable by the pull-in and holding windings 1, 2 contains a fixed core 7 (FIG. 4 and 5) and an armature 8 movable relative to the core 7, changing the air gap between them.
  • FIG. 2 shows the circuit diagram of the magnetically influenceable switching device 5 between the terminals 4 and 6 shown in FIG. Between terminals 4 and 6 there is a Transil 9 as overvoltage protection. A diode 10 is provided behind the input terminal 6 as protection against polarity reversal for the DC variant of the switching device 5 shown here.
  • a controllable semi-conductor, in this exemplary embodiment a MOS-FET 11, a supply capacitor 13 connected via a diode 12, and a blocking capacitor 15 connected via a charging resistor 14 are connected in parallel between the terminals 4 and 6 lying in series with the pick-up winding 1.
  • the gate terminal 17 and the source terminal 18 of the MOS-FET are connected to the terminals of the supply capacitor 13 via a switch-on charging resistor 16 11, a gate-source capacitor 19, a zener diode 20 and an npn transistor 21 connected in parallel.
  • a sensor coil 22 is connected to the base of the npn transistor 21 via a diode 23.
  • the base of the npn transistor 21 is connected on the one hand to the emitter of this transistor 21 via a load resistor 24 intended for the sensor coil 22 and on the other hand to the terminal of the blocking capacitor 15 via a resistor 25.
  • This switching device 5 which can be influenced magnetically and is shown in FIG. 2 using the circuit diagram, functions as follows.
  • the contactor When the contactor is switched on, the coil voltage is applied to the coil connection terminals 3, 4.
  • the full coil voltage appears at the open terminals 4, 6 of the switching device 5.
  • the supply capacitor 13 is charged to the full voltage via the diode 12 with a time constant of T s .
  • the gate-source capacitor 19 is charged via the switch-on resistor 16 with a switch-on time constant T e . After at least one switch-on time constant T e has elapsed, the MOS-FET 11 switches through and becomes low-resistance.
  • the stray flux disappears very rapidly in the air gap region, a tip-shaped sensor voltage with very steep flanks is induced in the sensor coil 22.
  • the sensor voltage is supplied via the diode 23 to the base of the npn transistor 21, as a result of which a base current occurs in the npn transistor 21.
  • the blocking capacitor 15 is also at least partially charged by the sensor voltage, so that after the sensor voltage has disappeared, the npn transistor 21 remains conductive until the blocking capacitor 15 has been further charged via the charging resistor 14.
  • the npn transistor 21 thus becomes conductive as soon as the sensor voltage is supplied to the base and discharges the gate-source capacitor 19, whereupon the MOS-FET 11 becomes high-resistance.
  • the current through the pull-in winding 1 is interrupted, the contactor magnet is only held in the drawn position by the holding winding 2 directly connected to the coil connection terminals 3, 4.
  • the blocking capacitor 15 is charged via the charging resistor 14 with a time constant of T v , after which the npn transistor 21 continues to be supplied with base current via the resistor 25.
  • the npn transistor 21 thus remains conductive after the sensor voltage has disappeared and prevents the MOS FET 11 from becoming low-resistance again.
  • the time constant T v given by the resistor 14 and the blocking capacitor 15 is chosen to be substantially larger than the switch-on time constant T e given by the switch-on charging resistor 16 and the gate-source capacitor 19, which prevents the npn transistor 21 from being switched on during the switch-on time becomes a leader.
  • the switching on proceeds as described before until the moment when the sensor coil 22 should emit a sensor voltage due to the disappearance of the air gap. Because the armature 8 is blocked in this case, the air gap cannot disappear despite the energized pull-in coil 1.
  • the gate-source capacitor 19 is partially discharged via the zener diode 20, via the npn transistor 21 and via the MOS-FET 11 by leakage currents with a time constant of T n .
  • the MOS-FET 11 becomes high-resistance again, after which the current supply to the pull-in winding 1 is interrupted. Due to the voltage increase at the drain terminal 26 of the MOS-FET 11, the blocking capacitor 15 is charged via the charging resistor 14. As a result, the npn transistor 21 is supplied with base current via the resistor 25 and becomes conductive. The gate-source capacitor 19 discharges completely via the npn transistor 21 which has become conductive.
  • the contactor When the contactor is switched off, the voltage at the coil connection terminals 3, 4 is interrupted.
  • the charge of the feed capacitor 13 flows through the switch-on resistor 16 and the npn transistor 21.
  • the npn transistor 21 receives the base current from the blocking capacitor 15 via the resistor 25, so that it remains conductive for the discharge of the supply capacitor 13.
  • the exemplary embodiment described above was a DC-excited electromagnet.
  • AC excitation one advantageously closes one in front of the terminals 4 and 6 of the switching device 5 Rectifier.
  • the sensor coil 22 emits an alternating voltage corresponding to the frequency of the alternating current after the electromagnet is switched on.
  • this induced alternating voltage is substantially smaller than the voltage peak induced by the steep change in flow when the air gap is closed, so that the alternating voltage induced before the air gap is closed can be neglected as "noise".
  • the base current caused by the induced alternating voltage is not sufficient to make the npn transistor 21 conductive.
  • the magnetically influenceable switching device 5 with the sensor coil 22 is advantageously designed as a one-piece unit in the form of a printed circuit board 26. 5, this circuit board 26 is installed in the air gap-side flange of the coil body 27 of the pull-in and holding windings 1, 2. The sensor coil 22 integrated in the circuit board 26 is thus automatically in the air gap area and detects the stray flux there.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

The magnetically influenced switch device (5) contains a sensor coil (22) with at least one winding coupled to at least part of the electromagnet's magnetic field at least when an air gap is open. The sensor coil is switched over to a controlled semiconductor (11) connected in series with a pull-in coil (1) of the electromagnet, which also has a hold-in coil, by a voltage peak which occurs at the instant of air gap closure. The sensor coil is changed over by an electronic switching device. It takes the form of at least one winding mounted at any point around the core and/or the armature. It can be mounted near the air gap and core and/or the armature and is coupled to the stray field of the electromagnet about the air gap.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines Elektromagneten mit einem ortsfesten Kern, mit einer nach dem Einschalten vorübergehend stromdurchflossenen Anzugswicklung und mit einer im Betriebszustand stromdurchflossenen Haltewicklung und mit einem relativ zum Kern unter Veränderung eines Luftspaltes beweglichen Anker, wobei eine mit der Anzugswicklung in Reihe geschaltete, magnetisch beeinflussbare Schalteinrichtung die Stromversorgung der Anzugswicklung beim Verschwinden des Luftspaltes unterbricht.The present invention relates to a device for controlling an electromagnet with a fixed core, with a pull-in winding through which current flows temporarily after being switched on and with a holding winding through which current flows in the operating state, and with an armature which is movable relative to the core with the change of an air gap, one in series with the pull-in winding Switched, magnetically influenced switching device interrupts the power supply to the pull-in winding when the air gap disappears.

Aus der DE-A1-1921232 ist eine Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines Elektromagneten der eingangs erwähnten Art bekannt. Der Elektromagnet ist mit einer Anzugswicklung und mit einer Haltewicklung versehen. Zur Abschaltung der Anzugswicklung nach Verschwinden des Luftspaltes zwischen dem Kern und dem Anker wird eine magnetisch beeinflussbare Schalteinrichtung verwendet, die die Stromzufuhr zur Anzugswicklung bei angezogenem Elektromagneten unterbricht. Die magnetisch beeinflussbare Schalteinrichtung nimmt den Streufluss auf, der durch das Vorhandensein eines Luftspaltes zwischen dem Kern und dem Anker des Elektromagneten entsteht. Die Schalteinrichtung enthält Zungenkontakte aus einem magnetischen Material, von denen mindestens einer nachgiebig und geeignet ist, von dem anderen Zungenkontakt angezogen zu werden, wenn ein magnetischer Fluss die Kontakte umgibt. Dieser Elektromagnet weist beim Einschalten einen nicht vernachlässigbaren Einschaltverzug auf, weil die an den Anschlussklemmen ständig angeschlossene und im Einschaltmoment des Elektromagneten sofort stromdurchflossene Haltewicklung zuerst das magnetische Streufeld aufbauen muss, um die auf das magnetische Streufeld ansprechende Schalteinrichtung zu schliessen und dadurch die Anzugswicklung an der Speisespannung anzuschliessen. Die auf das magnetische Streufeld ansprechende Schalteinrichtung ist ausserdem auf magnetische Fremdfelder besonders empfindlich. Solche Fremdfelder können vom Elektromagneten eines benachbarten Schützes oder von kurzschlusstromdurchflossenen, benachbarten Leitungen stammen. Ein Fremdfeld kann die auf ein Magnetfeld ansprechende Schalteinrichtung schliessen und die Anzugsspule ungewollt einschalten, wodurch im schlimmsten Fall die Verbrennung der Anzugsspule verursacht werden kann. Im weiteren bedarf diese auf ein Magnetfeld ansprechende Schalteinrichtung verhältnismässig viel Platz, was zur Vergrösserung und Verteuerung des ganzen Elektromagneten führt. Noch dazu weisen die mechanischen Kontakte eine durch Kontaktabbrand bedingte, verhältnismässig kurze Lebensdauer auch auf.From DE-A1-1921232 a device for controlling an electromagnet of the type mentioned is known. The electromagnet is provided with a pull-in winding and with a holding winding. To switch off the pull-in winding after the air gap between the core and the armature has disappeared, a magnetically influenceable switching device is used which interrupts the power supply to the pull-in winding when the electromagnet is pulled. The magnetically influenceable switching device absorbs the stray flux that arises from the presence of an air gap between the core and the armature of the electromagnet. The switching device contains tongue contacts made of a magnetic material, at least one of which is compliant and suitable to be attracted to the other tongue contact when a magnetic flux surrounds the contacts. This electromagnet exhibits a not negligible switch-on delay when it is switched on, because the holding winding, which is permanently connected to the connection terminals and immediately flows with current when the electromagnet is switched on, must first build up the stray magnetic field in order to close the switching device that responds to the stray magnetic field and thereby the pull-up winding on the supply voltage to connect. The switching device responsive to the stray magnetic field is also particularly sensitive to external magnetic fields. Such external fields can originate from the electromagnet of an adjacent contactor or from adjacent lines through which short-circuit current flows. An external field can close the switching device, which responds to a magnetic field, and can unintentionally switch on the pull-in coil, which in the worst case can cause the pull-in coil to burn. In the further this switching device, which responds to a magnetic field, requires a relatively large amount of space, which leads to the enlargement and cost increase of the entire electromagnet. In addition, the mechanical contacts also have a relatively short service life due to contact erosion.

Aus der DE-C2-2128651 ist eine weitere Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines Elektromagneten mit einer Anzugswicklung und einer Haltewicklung bekannt. Bei dieser Einrichtung ist eine Schaltelektronik vorgesehen, die nach Ablauf einer vorbestimmten Zeit die Anzugswicklung abschaltet. Diese Einrichtung versagt mindestens dann, wenn der Elektromagnet aus irgendeinem Grunde blockiert bleibt, oder die an den Wicklungen angelegte Spannung von der vorgesehenen wesentlich abweicht.DE-C2-2128651 a further device for controlling an electromagnet with a pull-in winding and a holding winding is known. In this device, switching electronics are provided which switch off the pick-up winding after a predetermined time. This device fails at least if the electromagnet remains blocked for some reason or the voltage applied to the windings deviates significantly from the intended one.

Die DE-A1-3637133 beschreibt eine weitere Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines Elektromagneten. Dieser Elektromagnet ist nur mit einer Wicklung versehen. Eine elektronische Schaltanordnung verringert den Strom durch die einzige Wicklung bei geschlossenem Luftspalt des Elektromagneten. Um die Schaltanordnung zu steuern, ist in der Nähe des Luftspaltes ein Halleffektsensor angebracht, der mit der elektronischen Schaltanordnung über Kabel verbunden ist. Der Halleffektsensor liefert vom Einschaltmoment an bis zum Schliessen des Luftspaltes eine Spannung. Die zur Steuerung der elektronischen Schaltanordnung abgegebene Spannung ist stark abhängig vom Einbauort des Halleffektsensors, deshalb muss der Halleffektsensor in Bezug auf den Kern und auf den Anker genau positioniert sein. Im weiteren ist ein Halleffektsensor durch magnetische Fremdfelder stark beeinflussbar. So kann ein magnetisches Fremdfeld den durch die Wicklung des Elektromagneten fliessenden Strom verkleinern oder vergrössern, wobei die Haltekraft des Elektromagneten bis zur ungewollten Trennung des Ankers vom Kern abnehmen kann. Ein weiterer Nachteil ist bei dieser Anordnung, dass die elktronische Schaltanordnung eine verhältnismässig hohe Verlustleistung abgibt, weil der durch die Wicklung betriebsmässig fliessende Haltestrom ständig auch durch die elektronische Schaltanordnung fliessen muss. Die notwendige Speisung des Halleffektsensors wirkt sich auch nachteilig aus.DE-A1-3637133 describes a further device for controlling an electromagnet. This electromagnet has only one winding. An electronic switching arrangement reduces the current through the single winding when the air gap of the electromagnet is closed. In order to control the switching arrangement, a Hall effect sensor is attached in the vicinity of the air gap and is connected to the electronic switching arrangement via cables. The Hall effect sensor supplies a voltage from the moment it is switched on until the air gap closes. The voltage delivered to control the electronic switching arrangement is strongly dependent on the installation location of the Hall effect sensor, which is why the Hall effect sensor must be positioned precisely in relation to the core and the armature. Furthermore, a Hall effect sensor can be strongly influenced by external magnetic fields. An external magnetic field can reduce or increase the current flowing through the winding of the electromagnet, and the holding force of the electromagnet can decrease until the armature is unintentionally separated from the core. Another disadvantage of this arrangement is that the electronic switching arrangement emits a comparatively high power loss because the holding current that flows through the winding during operation must also constantly flow through the electronic switching arrangement. The necessary supply of the Hall effect sensor also has an adverse effect.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Einrichtung der eingangs erwähnten Art zur Steuerung eines Elekrtomagneten zu entwickeln, die eine verhältnismässig hohe Lebensdauer aufweist, in einem elektromagnetischen Schaltgerät platzsparend untergebracht werden kann, bei allen vorkommenden Betriebsverhältnissen zuverlässig funktioniert, auf magnetische Fremdfelder weitgehend unempfindlich ist, eine verhältnismässig kleine Verlustleistung abgibt und wirtschaftlich vorteilhaft ist.The object of the present invention is to develop a device of the type mentioned at the beginning for controlling an electromagnet, which has a relatively long service life, can be accommodated in a space-saving manner in an electromagnetic switching device, with all of the occurring ones Operating conditions work reliably, is largely insensitive to external magnetic fields, gives off a relatively small power loss and is economically advantageous.

Die gestellte Aufgabe ist dadurch gelöst, dass die magnetisch beeinflussbare Schalteinrichtung eine mindestens beim offenen Luftspalt mit mindestens einem Teil des Magnetfeldes des Elektromagneten gekoppelte, mindestens eine Windung aufweisende Sensorspule enthält, die mit der darin im Moment der Luftspaltschliessung induzierten Spannungsspitze über eine elektronische Schaltanordnung einen mit der Anzugswicklung in Reihe geschalteten, steuerbaren Halbleiter hochohmig schaltet. Diese Einrichtung weist keine mechanisch bewegten Teile auf, die Lebensdauer ist daher verhältnismässig lang. Die Anordnung ist auch platzsparend, weil sowohl die Sensorspule als auch der steuerbare Halbleiter mit den dazugehörenden weiteren Schaltungselementen verhältnisässig klein sind. Die magnetisch beeinflussbare Schalteinrichtung ist auf magnetische Fremdfelder auch weitgehend unempfindlich, weil sie nicht auf das Verschwinden eines im Luftspaltbereich bis zum Schliessen des Elektromagneten bestehenden magnetischen Streufeldes, sondern auf die beim Schliessen des Luftspaltes entstehende, sehr steile Aenderung des magnetischen Flusses im Elektromagneten und auf die in diesem Moment in der Sensorspule induzierte deutliche Spannungsspitze anspricht. Diese magnetisch beeinflussbare Schlteinrichtung nützt die Tatsache aus, dass im Schliessmoment des Luftspaltes eines Elektromagneten eine sehr steile Aenderung des magnetischen Flusses auftritt. Die in diesem Moment in der Sensorspule induzierte Spannungsspitze ist wesentlich höher als die durch eine allfällige Wechselstromerregung oder durch ein anderes Fremdfeld induzierte Spannung. Diese Schalteinrichtung funktioniert auch bei allen vorkommenden Betriebsverhältnissen, wie bei zu niedriger oder zu hoher angelegter Spulenspannung, weil sie nur im tatsächlichen Schliessmomnet des Elektromagneten anspricht. Nachdem der Stromkreis der Anzugsspule beim angezogenen Elektromagneten hochohmig geschaltet ist, ist die Verlustleistung der Schalteinrichtung auch vernachlässigbar klein. Die aus verhältnismässig wenig Schaltungselementen gebildete Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines Elektromagneten ist auch wirtschaftlich vorteilhaft.The object is achieved in that the magnetically influenceable switching device contains a sensor coil which is coupled at least in the open air gap to at least one part of the magnetic field of the electromagnet and has at least one turn, which with the voltage peak induced therein at the moment of the air gap closing via an electronic switching arrangement the pull-in winding in series, controllable semiconductor switches high resistance. This device has no mechanically moving parts, the service life is therefore relatively long. The arrangement is also space-saving because both the sensor coil and the controllable semiconductor with the associated further circuit elements are relatively small. The magnetically controllable switching device is also largely insensitive to external magnetic fields, because it does not react to the disappearance of a magnetic stray field in the air gap area until the electromagnet closes, but to the very steep change in the magnetic flux in the electromagnet that occurs when the air gap closes, and to the at this moment, a significant voltage spike induced in the sensor coil responds. This magnetically influenced switching device takes advantage of the fact that a very steep change in the magnetic flux occurs in the closing moment of the air gap of an electromagnet. The voltage peak induced in the sensor coil at this moment is significantly higher than the voltage induced by any AC excitation or by another external field. This switching device also works in all operating conditions, such as when the coil voltage is too low or too high, because it only responds in the actual closing torque of the electromagnet. After the circuit of the pull-in coil is switched to high resistance when the electromagnet is energized, the power loss of the switching device is also negligibly small. The device for controlling an electromagnet formed from relatively few circuit elements is also economically advantageous.

Die Sensorspule kann aus mindestens einer an einer beliebigen Stelle um den Kern und/oder um den Anker gelegten Windung gebildet sein. Beim Schliessen des Lusftspaltes zwischen dem Kern und dem Anker wird in der an einer beliebigen Stelle des Kernes und/oder des Ankers gelegten Windung eine Spannungsspitze induziert, die die Umschaltung des steuerbaren Halbleiters auf die hochohmige Stellung mit Sicherheit bewirkt und so die Abschaltung der Anzugswicklung sicherstellt.The sensor coil can be formed from at least one turn at any point around the core and / or around the armature. When the air gap between the core and the armature closes, a turn is made in the winding at any point in the core and / or the armature Voltage peak induced, which brings about the switchover of the controllable semiconductor to the high-resistance position with certainty and thus ensures that the pull-in winding is switched off.

Die Sensorspule ist vorteilhafterweise im Bereich des Luftspaltes neben dem Kern und/oder dem Anker angeordnet und mit dem Streufeld des Elektromagneten um den Luftspalt gekoppelt. Die im Streufeld des Elektromagneten im Bereich des Luftspaltes angebrachte Sensorspule gibt eine induzierte Spannungsspitze im Moment des Schliessens des Luftspaltes ab. Diese eindeutige Spannungsspitze bringt den steuerbaren Halbleiter eindeutig in die hochohmige Stellung. Die Anzugswicklung erhält über den hochohmig gewordenen Halbleiter praktisch keinen Strom mehr, wonach nur noch die Haltewicklung stromversorgt und wirksam bleibt.The sensor coil is advantageously arranged in the region of the air gap next to the core and / or the armature and is coupled to the stray field of the electromagnet around the air gap. The sensor coil attached in the stray field of the electromagnet in the area of the air gap emits an induced voltage peak at the moment the air gap closes. This clear voltage spike clearly brings the controllable semiconductor into the high-resistance position. The pull-in winding receives practically no current via the semiconductor, which has become high-resistance, after which only the holding winding remains supplied with power and remains effective.

Die magnetisch beeinflussbare Schalteinrichtung ist mit Vorteil als eine einstückige Einheit ausgebildet. Diese Lösung ist besonders vorteilhaft, weil die einstückige Einheit insbesondere im Luftspaltbereich sehr einfach untergebracht werden kann und diese mit der Anzugsspule in Reihe zu schaltende Einheit sowohl Sensor- als auch Schaltungselemte enthält. Ohne jegliche Positionierungsarbeit sichert diese Anordnung eine sichere Hochohmigschaltung des steuerbarbaren Halbleiters. Diese magnetisch beeinflussbare Schalteinrichtung ist mit Vorteil im luftspaltseitigen Flansch des Spulenkörpers der Anzugs- und Haltewicklungen eingebaut. Die Unterbringung der magnetisch beeinflussbaren Schalteinrichtung mit der Sensorspule im luftspaltseitigen Flansch des Spulenkörpers der Anzugs und Haltewicklungen ist eine besonders vorteilhafte Lösung, weil der luftspaltsetige Flansch des Spulenkörpers in der Regel direkt im Luftspaltbereich liegt, so dass die das Streufeld um den Luftspalt erfassende Sensorspule keine besondere Positionierungsmassnahmen bedarf.The magnetically influenceable switching device is advantageously designed as a one-piece unit. This solution is particularly advantageous because the one-piece unit can be accommodated very easily, in particular in the air gap area, and this unit, which can be connected in series with the pull-in coil, contains both sensor and circuit elements. Without any positioning work, this arrangement ensures reliable high-resistance switching of the controllable semiconductor. This magnetically influenceable switching device is advantageously installed in the air gap-side flange of the coil body of the pull-in and holding windings. The placement of the magnetically influenceable switching device with the sensor coil in the air gap-side flange of the coil body of the pull-in and holding windings is a particularly advantageous solution because the air gap-set flange of the coil body is generally located directly in the air gap area, so that the sensor coil detecting the stray field around the air gap is not a special one Positioning measures are required.

Die magnetisch beeinflussbare Schalteinrichtung kann mit einer eine Anzugszeitbegrenzung bewirkenden Schaltanordnung ausgerüstet sein, die bei nichtbetriebsmässigem Verhalten des Ankers die Stromversorgung der Anzugswicklung nach Ablauf einer vorbestimmten Begrenzungszeit unterbricht. Um die Anzugszeit Z.B. auch beim in der Offenstellung blockierten Elektromagneten zu begrenzen, ist diese Schaltungsanordnung vorgesehen, wobei eine allfällige Verbrennung der Anzugswicklung verhindert wird.The magnetically influenceable switching device can be equipped with a switching arrangement which effects a tightening time limitation and which interrupts the power supply of the pulling winding when the armature is not operating after a predetermined limitation time. At the tightening time e.g. This circuit arrangement is also provided to limit the electromagnet blocked in the open position, whereby any combustion of the pull-in winding is prevented.

Die magnetisch beeinflussbare Schalteinrichtung kann eine das die Anzugswicklung ein- und ausschaltende Halbleiter-Schaltelement steuernde Kippstufe enthalten, die direkt durch die Sensorspule gesteuert ist. Die einfach aufgebaute Kippstufe bietet eine vorteilhafte Lösung zur Steuerung des steuerbaren Halbleiters.The magnetically influenceable switching device can be the pull-in winding contain on and off semiconductor switching element controlling flip-flop, which is controlled directly by the sensor coil. The simply designed flip-flop offers an advantageous solution for controlling the controllable semiconductor.

Im folgenden wird anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig.1
das Schaltschema einer Halte- und Anzugswicklung mit einer magnetisch beeinflussbaren Schalteinrichtung,
Fig.2
das Schaltschema der magnetisch beeinflussbaren Schalteinrichtung mit der Anzugswicklung,
Fig.3
eine schematische Darstellung einer Sensorspule um den Eisenkern,
Fig.4
eine schematische Darstellung einer im Bereich des Luftspaltes eines Elektromagneten untergebrachten Sensorspule und
Fig.5
einen schematischen Querschnitt des Elektromagneten mit Wicklungen und Spulenkörper.
In the following an embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
the circuit diagram of a holding and pull-in winding with a magnetically influenced switching device,
Fig. 2
the circuit diagram of the magnetically influenceable switching device with the pull-in winding,
Fig. 3
a schematic representation of a sensor coil around the iron core,
Fig. 4
a schematic representation of a sensor coil housed in the area of the air gap of an electromagnet and
Fig. 5
a schematic cross section of the electromagnet with windings and coil former.

Wie Fig.1 zeigt, sind eine Anzugswicklung 1 und eine Haltewicklung 2 eines nicht näher dargestellten elektromagnetischen Schaltgerätes an den Spulenanschlussklemmen 3, 4 parallelgeschaltet. Zwischen den Klemmen 4 und 6 liegt eine mit der Anzugswicklung 1 in Reihe geschaltete, magnetisch beeinflussbare Schalteinrichtung 5 zur Steuerung der Stromversorgung der Anzugswicklung 1. Der durch die Anzugs- und Haltewicklungsn 1, 2 erregbare Elektromagnet enthält einen ortsfesten Kern 7 (Fig.3, 4 und 5) und einen relativ zum Kern 7 unter Veränderung des dazwischenliegenden Luftspaltes beweglichen Anker 8.As FIG. 1 shows, a pull-in winding 1 and a holding winding 2 of an electromagnetic switching device (not shown in more detail) are connected in parallel on the coil connection terminals 3, 4. Between the terminals 4 and 6 is a magnetically influenceable switching device 5 connected in series with the pull-in winding 1 for controlling the power supply of the pull-in winding 1. The electromagnet excitable by the pull-in and holding windings 1, 2 contains a fixed core 7 (FIG. 4 and 5) and an armature 8 movable relative to the core 7, changing the air gap between them.

Aus Fig.2 ist das Schaltschema der zwischen den in Fig.1 gezeigten Klemmen 4 und 6 vorhandenen, magnetisch beeinflussbaren Schalteinrichtung 5 ersichtlich. Zwischen den Klemmen 4 und 6 ist ein Transil 9 als Ueberspannungsschutz vorhanden. Hinter der Eingangsklemme 6 ist eine Diode 10 als Verpolungsschutz für die hier gezeigte Gleichstromvariante der Schalteinrichtung 5 vorgesehen. Zwischen den mit der Anzugswicklung 1 in Reihe liegenden Klemmen 4 und 6 sind ein steuerbarer Halbleite, in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ein MOS-FET 11, ein über eine Diode 12 angeschlossene Speisungskondensator 13, sowie ein über einen Ladewiderstand 14 angeschlossener Sperrkondensator 15 parallel geschaltet. An den Klemmen des Speisungskondensators 13 sind über einen Einschaltladewiderstand 16 die Gate-Klemme 17 und die Source-Klemme 18 des MOS-FET 11, eine Gate-Source-Kondensator 19, eine Zener-Diode 20 und ein npn-Transistor 21 parallelgeschaltet. Eine Sensorspule 22 ist über eine Diode 23 mit der Basis des npn-Transistors 21 verbunden. Die Basis des npn-Transistors 21 ist einerseits über einen für die Sensorspule 22 bestimmten Lastwiderstand 24 mit dem Emitter dieses Transistors 21 und anderseits über einen Widerstand 25 mit der Klemme des Sperrkondensators 15 verbunden.2 shows the circuit diagram of the magnetically influenceable switching device 5 between the terminals 4 and 6 shown in FIG. Between terminals 4 and 6 there is a Transil 9 as overvoltage protection. A diode 10 is provided behind the input terminal 6 as protection against polarity reversal for the DC variant of the switching device 5 shown here. A controllable semi-conductor, in this exemplary embodiment a MOS-FET 11, a supply capacitor 13 connected via a diode 12, and a blocking capacitor 15 connected via a charging resistor 14 are connected in parallel between the terminals 4 and 6 lying in series with the pick-up winding 1. The gate terminal 17 and the source terminal 18 of the MOS-FET are connected to the terminals of the supply capacitor 13 via a switch-on charging resistor 16 11, a gate-source capacitor 19, a zener diode 20 and an npn transistor 21 connected in parallel. A sensor coil 22 is connected to the base of the npn transistor 21 via a diode 23. The base of the npn transistor 21 is connected on the one hand to the emitter of this transistor 21 via a load resistor 24 intended for the sensor coil 22 and on the other hand to the terminal of the blocking capacitor 15 via a resistor 25.

Diese in Fig.2 anhand des Schaltschemas gezeigte, magnetisch beeinflussbare Schalteinrichtung 5 funktioniert wie folgt. Beim Einschalten des Schützes wird die Spulenspannung an den Spulenanschlussklemmen 3, 4 angelegt. Die volle Spulenspannung erscheint dabei an den offenen Klemmen 4, 6 der Schalteinrichtung 5. Der Speisungskondensator 13 wird über die Diode 12 mit einer Zeitkonstante von Ts auf die volle Spannung aufgeladen. Der Gate-Source-Kondensator 19 wird über den Einschaltladewiderstand 16 mit einer Einschaltzeitkonstante Te aufgeladen. Nach Ablauf von mindestens einer Einschaltzeitkonstante Te schaltet der MOS-FET 11 durch und wird niederohmig. In diesem Moment fliesst der Strom über den MOS-FET 11 zur Anzugswicklung 1, der Schützmagnet wird erregt, der Anker 8 bewegt sich unter Verminderung des Luftspaltes in Richtung Kern 7. Zum Zeitpunkt des Auftreffens des Ankers 8 auf den Kern 7 verschwindet der dazwischen gelegene Luftspalt. Dies führt zu einer sehr steilen Aenderung des magnetischen Flusses im Kern 7 und im Anker 8, so dass in einer um den Kern 7 angebrachten Sensorspule 22 (Fig.3) eine Sensorspannung induziert wird. Die Sensorspule 22 muss nicht um den Kern 7 gewickelt sein, sie kann auch im Bereich des Luftspaltes, neben dem Kern 7 und dem Anker 8 liegen, wie in Fig.4 schematisch angedeutet ist. Beim sehr raschen Verschwinden des Streuflusses im Luftspaltbereich wird in der Sensorspule 22 eine spitzenförmige Sensorspannung mit sehr steilen Flanken induziert. Die Sensorspannung wird über die Diode 23 der Basis des npn-Transistors 21 zugeführt, wodurch im npn-Transistor 21 ein Basisstrom auftritt. Ueber den Widerstand 25 wird durch die Sensorspannung auch der Sperrkondensator 15 mindestens teilweise aufgeladen, wodurch nach Verschwinden der Sensorspannung der npn-Transistor 21 leitend bleibt, bis die weitere Aufladung des Sperrkondensators 15 über den Ladewiderstand 14 erfolgt ist. Der npn-Transistor 21 wird also leitend, sobald die Sensorspannung der Basis zugeführt ist und entlädt den Gate-Source-Kondensator 19, worauf der MOS-FET 11 hochohmig wird. Somit ist der Strom über die Anzugswicklung 1 unterbrochen, der Schützmagnet wird nur noch durch die an den Spulenanschlussklemmen 3, 4 direkt angeschlossene Haltewicklung 2 in der angezogenen Stellung gehalten.This switching device 5, which can be influenced magnetically and is shown in FIG. 2 using the circuit diagram, functions as follows. When the contactor is switched on, the coil voltage is applied to the coil connection terminals 3, 4. The full coil voltage appears at the open terminals 4, 6 of the switching device 5. The supply capacitor 13 is charged to the full voltage via the diode 12 with a time constant of T s . The gate-source capacitor 19 is charged via the switch-on resistor 16 with a switch-on time constant T e . After at least one switch-on time constant T e has elapsed, the MOS-FET 11 switches through and becomes low-resistance. At this moment, the current flows via the MOS-FET 11 to the pull-in winding 1, the contactor magnet is excited, the armature 8 moves towards the core 7, reducing the air gap. At the time the armature 8 hits the core 7, the one in between disappears Air gap. This leads to a very steep change in the magnetic flux in the core 7 and in the armature 8, so that a sensor voltage is induced in a sensor coil 22 (FIG. 3) attached to the core 7. The sensor coil 22 does not have to be wound around the core 7, it can also lie in the region of the air gap, next to the core 7 and the armature 8, as is schematically indicated in FIG. When the stray flux disappears very rapidly in the air gap region, a tip-shaped sensor voltage with very steep flanks is induced in the sensor coil 22. The sensor voltage is supplied via the diode 23 to the base of the npn transistor 21, as a result of which a base current occurs in the npn transistor 21. Via the resistor 25, the blocking capacitor 15 is also at least partially charged by the sensor voltage, so that after the sensor voltage has disappeared, the npn transistor 21 remains conductive until the blocking capacitor 15 has been further charged via the charging resistor 14. The npn transistor 21 thus becomes conductive as soon as the sensor voltage is supplied to the base and discharges the gate-source capacitor 19, whereupon the MOS-FET 11 becomes high-resistance. Thus, the current through the pull-in winding 1 is interrupted, the contactor magnet is only held in the drawn position by the holding winding 2 directly connected to the coil connection terminals 3, 4.

Sobald der MOS-FET 11 hochohmig geworden ist, wird der Sperrkondensator 15 über den Ladewiderstand 14 mit einer Zeitkonstante von Tv aufgeladen, wonach der npn-Transistor 21 über den Widerstand 25 weiterhin mit Basisstrom versorgt bleibt. Der npn-Transistor 21 bleibt somit nach Verschwinden der Sensorspannung leitend und verhindert, dass der MOS-FET 11 wieder niederohmig wird. Die durch den Widerstand 14 und den Sperrkondensator 15 gegebene Zeitkonstante Tv ist wesentlich grösser gewählt als die durch den Einschaltladewiderstand 16 und durch den Gate-Source-Kondensator 19 gegebene Einschaltzeitkonstante Te, wodurch verhindert wird, dass der npn-Transistor 21 während der Einschaltzeit leitend wird.As soon as the MOS-FET 11 has become high-resistance, the blocking capacitor 15 is charged via the charging resistor 14 with a time constant of T v , after which the npn transistor 21 continues to be supplied with base current via the resistor 25. The npn transistor 21 thus remains conductive after the sensor voltage has disappeared and prevents the MOS FET 11 from becoming low-resistance again. The time constant T v given by the resistor 14 and the blocking capacitor 15 is chosen to be substantially larger than the switch-on time constant T e given by the switch-on charging resistor 16 and the gate-source capacitor 19, which prevents the npn transistor 21 from being switched on during the switch-on time becomes a leader.

Sollte der Anker 8 des elektromagnetischen Schaltgerätes aus irgendeinem Grunde blockiert und unbeweglich sein, so dass ein Einschalten des Gerätes nicht möglich ist, verläuft das Einschalten wie vorher beschrieben bis zum Moment, wo die Sensorspule 22 wegen Verschwinden des Luftspaltes eine Sensorspannung abgeben sollte. Weil in diesem Fall der Anker 8 blockiert ist, kann der Luftspalt trotz erregter Anzugsspule 1 nicht verschwinden. In diesem Fall wird der Gate-Source-Kondensator 19 über die Zener-Diode 20, über den npn-Transistor 21 und über den MOS-FET 11 durch Leckströme mit einer Zeitkonstante von Tn teilweise entladen. Sobald die Spannung an der Gate-Klemme 17 des MOS-FET 11 unter den Schwellenwert abgesunken ist, wird der MOS-FET 11 wieder hochohmig, wonach der Stromzufuhr zur Anzugswicklung 1 unterbrochen wird. Durch den Spannungsanstieg an der Drain-Klemme 26 des MOS-FET 11 wird der Sperrkondensator 15 über den Ladewiderstand 14 aufgeladen. Dadurch wird der npn-Transistor 21 über den Widerstand 25 mit Basisstrom versorgt und wird leitend. Ueber den leitend gewordenen npn-Transisitor 21 entlädt sich der Gate-Source-Kondensator 19 vollständig.If the armature 8 of the electromagnetic switching device is blocked for some reason and immovable, so that the device cannot be switched on, the switching on proceeds as described before until the moment when the sensor coil 22 should emit a sensor voltage due to the disappearance of the air gap. Because the armature 8 is blocked in this case, the air gap cannot disappear despite the energized pull-in coil 1. In this case, the gate-source capacitor 19 is partially discharged via the zener diode 20, via the npn transistor 21 and via the MOS-FET 11 by leakage currents with a time constant of T n . As soon as the voltage at the gate terminal 17 of the MOS-FET 11 has dropped below the threshold value, the MOS-FET 11 becomes high-resistance again, after which the current supply to the pull-in winding 1 is interrupted. Due to the voltage increase at the drain terminal 26 of the MOS-FET 11, the blocking capacitor 15 is charged via the charging resistor 14. As a result, the npn transistor 21 is supplied with base current via the resistor 25 and becomes conductive. The gate-source capacitor 19 discharges completely via the npn transistor 21 which has become conductive.

Beim Ausschalten des Schützes wird die Spannung an den Spulenanschlussklemmen 3, 4 unterbrochen. Die Ladung des Speisungskondensators 13 fliesst über den Einschaltladewiderstand 16 und über den npn-Transistor 21 ab. Während dieser Zeit erhält der npn-Transistor 21 den Basisstrom vom Sperrkondensator 15 über den Widerstand 25, so dass er für die Entladung des Speisungskondensators 13 leitend bleibt.When the contactor is switched off, the voltage at the coil connection terminals 3, 4 is interrupted. The charge of the feed capacitor 13 flows through the switch-on resistor 16 and the npn transistor 21. During this time, the npn transistor 21 receives the base current from the blocking capacitor 15 via the resistor 25, so that it remains conductive for the discharge of the supply capacitor 13.

Beim vorangehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel handelte es sich um einen gleichstromerregten Elektromagneten. Bei Wechselstromerregung schliesst man vorteilhafterweise vor den Klemmen 4 und 6 der Schalteinrichtung 5 einen Gleichrichter an. Die Sensorspule 22 gibt bei dieser Anordnung nach dem Einschalten des Elektromagneten eine der Frequenz des Wechselstromes entsprechend induzierte Wechselspannung ab. Diese induzierte Wechselspannung ist aber wesentlich kleiner als die durch die beim Schliessen des Luftspaltes durch die steile Flussänderung induzierte Spannungsspitze, so dass die vor dem Schliessen des Luftspaltes induzierte Wechselspannung als "Rauschen" vernachlässigt werden kann. Der durch die induzierte Wechselspannung verursachte Basisstrom reicht nicht aus, um den npn-Transistor 21 leitend zu machen.The exemplary embodiment described above was a DC-excited electromagnet. In the case of AC excitation, one advantageously closes one in front of the terminals 4 and 6 of the switching device 5 Rectifier. In this arrangement, the sensor coil 22 emits an alternating voltage corresponding to the frequency of the alternating current after the electromagnet is switched on. However, this induced alternating voltage is substantially smaller than the voltage peak induced by the steep change in flow when the air gap is closed, so that the alternating voltage induced before the air gap is closed can be neglected as "noise". The base current caused by the induced alternating voltage is not sufficient to make the npn transistor 21 conductive.

Die magnetisch beeinflussbare Schalteinrichtung 5 mit der Sensorspule 22 ist vorteilhafterweise als eine einstückige Einheit, in Form einer gedruckten Schaltplatte 26 ausgebildet. Diese Schaltplatte 26 ist wie Fig.5 zeigt, im luftspaltseitigen Flansch des Spulenkörpers 27 der Anzugs- und Haltewicklungen 1, 2 eingebaut. Die in die Schaltungsplatte 26 integrierte Sensorspule 22 liegt so automatisch im Luftspaltbereich und erfasst dort den Streufluss.The magnetically influenceable switching device 5 with the sensor coil 22 is advantageously designed as a one-piece unit in the form of a printed circuit board 26. 5, this circuit board 26 is installed in the air gap-side flange of the coil body 27 of the pull-in and holding windings 1, 2. The sensor coil 22 integrated in the circuit board 26 is thus automatically in the air gap area and detects the stray flux there.

Claims (7)

Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines Elektromagneten mit einem ortsfesten Kern, mit einer nach dem Einschalten vorübergehend stromdurchflossenen Anzugswicklung und mit einer im Betriebszustand stromdurchflossenen Haltewicklung und mit einem relativ zum Kern unter Veränderung eines Luftspaltes beweglichen Anker, wobei eine mit der Anzugswicklung in Reihe geschaltete, magnetisch beeinflussbare Schalteinrichtung die Stromversorgung der Anzugswicklung beim Verschwinden des Luftspaltes unterbricht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die magnetisch beeinflussbare Schalteinrichtung (5) eine mindestens beim offenen Luftspalt mit mindestens einem Teil des Magnetfeldes des Elektromagneten gekoppelte, mindestens eine Windung aufweisende Sensorspule (22) enthält, die mit der darin im Moment der Luftspaltschliessung induzierten Spannungsspitze über eine elektronische Schaltanordnung einen mit der Anzugswicklung (1) in Reihe geschalteten, steuerbaren Halbleiter (11) hochohmig schaltet.Device for controlling an electromagnet with a fixed core, with a pull-in winding through which current flows temporarily after being switched on and with a holding winding through which current flows in the operating state and with an armature that can move relative to the core while changing an air gap, a switching device connected in series with the pull-in winding that can be influenced magnetically the power supply to the pull-in winding is interrupted when the air gap disappears, characterized in that the magnetically influenceable switching device (5) contains a sensor coil (22) which is coupled to at least one turn and has at least one turn, at least in the open air gap, with at least part of the magnetic field of the electromagnet at the moment the air gap is closed, an electronic switching arrangement induces a high-resistance switchable semiconductor (11) connected in series with the pull-in winding (1). Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensorspule (22) aus mindestens einer an einer beliebigen Stelle um den Kern (7) und/oder um den Anker (8) gelegten Windung gebildet ist.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor coil (22) is formed from at least one turn placed at any point around the core (7) and / or around the armature (8). Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensorspule (22) im Bereich des Luftspaltes neben dem Kern (7) und/oder dem Anker (8) angeordnet und mit dem Streufeld des Elektromagneten um den Luftspalt gekoppelt ist.Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the sensor coil (22) is arranged in the region of the air gap next to the core (7) and / or the armature (8) and is coupled to the stray field of the electromagnet around the air gap. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die magnetisch beeinflussbare Schalteinrichtung (5) als eine einstückige Einheit ausgebildet ist.Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the magnetically influenceable switching device (5) is designed as a one-piece unit. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die magnetisch beeinflussbare Schalteinrichtung (5) im luftspaltseitigen Flansch des Spulenkörpers (27) der Anzugs- und Haltewicklungen (1, 2) eingebaut ist.Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the magnetically influenceable switching device (5) is installed in the air gap-side flange of the coil body (27) of the pull-in and holding windings (1, 2). Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die magnetisch beeinflussbare Schalteinrichtung (5) mit einer eine Anzugszeitbegrenzung bewirkenden Schaltanordnung (11, 19, 20, 21) ausgerüstet ist, die bei nichtbetriebsmässigem Verhalten des Ankers (8) die Stronversorgung der Anzugswicklung (1) nach Ablauf einer vorbestimmten Begrenzungszeit unterbricht.Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the magnetically influenceable switching device (5) is equipped with a switching arrangement (11, 19, 20, 21) which causes a tightening time limitation and which supplies the power supply when the armature (8) is not operating the pull-in winding (1) interrupts after a predetermined limit time. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die magnetisch beeinflussbare Schalteinrichtung (5) eine das die Anzugwicklung (1) ein- und ausschaltende Halbleiter-Schaltelement (11) steuernde Kippstufe (19, 21) enthält, die direkt durch die Sensorspule (22) gesteuert ist.Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the magnetically influenceable switching device (5) contains a flip-flop (19, 21) controlling the pull-in winding (1) which switches the semiconductor switching element (11) on and off, which directly through Sensor coil (22) is controlled.
EP95119898A 1995-02-09 1995-12-16 Control device for an electromagnet Expired - Lifetime EP0726584B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH37495 1995-02-09
SE9500374 1995-02-09

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EP0726584A1 true EP0726584A1 (en) 1996-08-14
EP0726584B1 EP0726584B1 (en) 1998-03-11

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EP95119898A Expired - Lifetime EP0726584B1 (en) 1995-02-09 1995-12-16 Control device for an electromagnet

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US (1) US5781396A (en)
EP (1) EP0726584B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH08255711A (en)
AT (1) ATE164025T1 (en)
DE (1) DE59501605D1 (en)
DK (1) DK0726584T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2116669T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3026724T3 (en)

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DE19741570A1 (en) * 1997-09-20 1999-03-25 Heinz Leiber Electromagnetic actuator for controlling valve
DE102006045353A1 (en) * 2006-09-26 2008-04-03 Lucas Automotive Gmbh Control unit and method for controlling an electromagnetic valve arrangement

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KR100933743B1 (en) * 2003-11-11 2009-12-24 두산인프라코어 주식회사 Relay contact overheat protection circuit
KR101926864B1 (en) * 2012-06-26 2018-12-07 현대자동차주식회사 Relay module for battry system of vehicle

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DE19741570A1 (en) * 1997-09-20 1999-03-25 Heinz Leiber Electromagnetic actuator for controlling valve
DE102006045353A1 (en) * 2006-09-26 2008-04-03 Lucas Automotive Gmbh Control unit and method for controlling an electromagnetic valve arrangement

Also Published As

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ES2116669T3 (en) 1998-07-16
ATE164025T1 (en) 1998-03-15
DE59501605D1 (en) 1998-04-16
GR3026724T3 (en) 1998-07-31
JPH08255711A (en) 1996-10-01
EP0726584B1 (en) 1998-03-11
US5781396A (en) 1998-07-14
DK0726584T3 (en) 1998-04-06

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