EP0726369A1 - Moulded building block from clay and process for its manufacture - Google Patents

Moulded building block from clay and process for its manufacture Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0726369A1
EP0726369A1 EP96400188A EP96400188A EP0726369A1 EP 0726369 A1 EP0726369 A1 EP 0726369A1 EP 96400188 A EP96400188 A EP 96400188A EP 96400188 A EP96400188 A EP 96400188A EP 0726369 A1 EP0726369 A1 EP 0726369A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vertical
edges
rectangular
face
edge
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP96400188A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean Pierre Ducrot
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Ceramiques Ducrot Sa
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Ceramiques Ducrot Sa
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0726369A1 publication Critical patent/EP0726369A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/40—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material
    • B28B7/44—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material for treating with gases or degassing, e.g. for de-aerating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0267—Building elements with the appearance of several bricks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hollow clay block which, like conventional concrete blocks, allows the construction of structures by stacking elements with crossed joints.
  • the invention also relates to a method and a device for obtaining such a concrete block.
  • the method of fitting consists in sealing the bricks using a mortar so as to make recessed joints emphasizing the relief of the facing of the bricks, which requires significant know-how. This is why, only the skilled person has so far been able to produce such a facing where the bricks appear projecting, regularly spaced from each other, by a recessed joint.
  • the concrete block according to the present invention proposes to put within the reach of the amateur such a construction, normally reserved for the professional sector.
  • the invention relates to a terracotta block obtained without finishing work after firing, intended for mounting structures, by stacking, the block being characterized in that it consists of a parallelepiped belt with vertical walls, partially closed on top and in that at least two opposite external vertical faces of said vertical walls each comprise at least one rectangular facing, of normally rectangular section, bordered on one of its vertical edges and one of its horizontal edges by a hollow joint , of normally rectangular section, the other vertical edge and the other horizontal edge of said facing coinciding respectively, on the horizontal edge and on the corresponding vertical edge of the vertical face, with the edge of said face.
  • the facing and the joints respectively play the role of the exposed faces of the bricks and the mortar joints. This resemblance is obtained thanks to the sharp angles of the facing of the concrete blocks which visually recall those of traditional bricks.
  • the assembly is simplified by the fact that one can be satisfied with sticking the concrete blocks one on the other, according to a mode of stacking with crossed joints.
  • the lateral and longitudinal alignment is automatically ensured by means of relief guide moldings present on the upper surface of the concrete blocks and cooperating with the lower edges of the concrete blocks of the upper row.
  • the concrete blocks are hollow and have openings on their upper surface allowing them to be filled row by row with mortar.
  • the present invention also relates to a particularly advantageous manufacturing method, as well as a device implementing it, making it possible to obtain facing at sharp angles, by pressing between two metal model plates.
  • This method of manufacturing a terracotta product having sharp edges is characterized in that it comprises the following stages: molding by pressing, in a hollow model plate, of a loaf of wet clay, with exhaust of the air trapped between said plate and said clay bread, over the entire length of the line of the edges of said plate corresponding to the sharp edges of the product to be obtained, the drying of the demolded product and the cooking of the dry product. It allows a concrete block to be obtained directly, without subsequent finishing.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 An example of concrete block 1 according to the invention is shown in Figures 2 and 3. It mainly consists of a parallelepiped belt 2 partially closed on top. Each of the two small outer vertical faces 3 has, on each of its sides, a bead 3a, 3 embossed vertical b for coming to bear respectively against the beads 3 b, 3 a vertical concrete blocks 1 adjacent, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the large outer vertical faces 4 each have two cuffs 4 has identical rectangular, of the same rectangular section, separated from each other by the first portion 5 has a vertical gasket 5 also of rectangular section.
  • This joint 5 extends horizontally, along the upper horizontal edge 4 b of each large vertical outside face 4, by a horizontal portion 5 b and along one of the vertical edges 4 c of said face 4 a by a third portion 5 c .
  • the joint 5 therefore borders, each of the facings 4 a , on one of its vertical edges and one of its horizontal edges.
  • the other horizontal edge of said cladding 4 is coincident on the lower horizontal edge 4d with the edge of the face 4.
  • one of the two faces 4a coincides with that of its vertical edges devoid of seal 5, with the edge of the other vertical edge 4 e of the large face 4.
  • the bead 3 b disposed on the side of the vertical edge 4 e without seal 5, is wider than the bead 3 a corresponding to the other side of the concrete block 1.
  • the large vertical faces 4 thus formed form the visible parts of the structure mounted on the basis of concrete blocks 1.
  • the relative arrangement of the facings 4 a and the joints 5 on the large vertical faces 4 makes it possible, when stacking the concrete blocks 1, to ensure that each facing 4 a is always separated from one of the adjacent facing by a joint 5, whether or not the adjacent facing belongs to the same concrete block 1, thus perfectly imitating a mass construction in traditional bricks, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the joints 5 then play the role of the hollow joints produced, in the traditional assembly, with mortar.
  • the upper horizontal face 6 of the concrete block 1 has two rectangular openings 6 a arranged symmetrically on either side of the transverse median plane P of the concrete block 1 with their long sides parallel to the large vertical faces 4 of the belt. 2.
  • Said openings 6 a are each bordered by a relief molding 6 b , the two moldings 6 b coming to merge at the level of said median plane P.
  • Each of said moldings 6 b is interrupted, symmetrically on each of the long sides of said rectangular openings 6 a , to form a transverse groove 6 c parallel to the small faces 3.
  • the two grooves 6 c thus obtained are normally centered on the rectangular openings 6 a , symmetrical with respect to the median plane P and serve as a guide during the mounting of the concrete blocks 1, making it possible to position the concrete blocks 1 of the upper row longitudinally by fitting the lower edges of their contiguous faces 3 into a transverse groove 6 c of a concrete block 1 in the lower row. Lateral positioning is achieved by the reach of the horizontal edges 7 b lower of the inner faces 7 of the concrete blocks 1 of the upper row along the longitudinal moldings 6 b of the concrete blocks 1 of the lower row.
  • the crushing resistance of the concrete block 1 is reinforced by the inclination, upwards and inside of the concrete block 1, of the internal faces 7 of the belt 2 which thus contributes to increasing the thickness of said belt 2.
  • the inner faces 7 of the belt 2 are, in addition, reinforced by ribs 7 a which extend from the horizontal edge 7 b of said lower faces 7 to the edge of the lower face 8 of rectangular openings 6 has concrete blocks 1. These ribs 7 a are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the realism of the final appearance of a structure produced by stacking concrete blocks 1 depends mainly on the appearance of the interface between the facings 4 a and the joints 5 separating them. In particular, it is necessary to obtain facing 4 a with sharp angles visually recalling the lateral faces of traditional bricks.
  • the invention also provides a manufacturing method and device for pressing molding of concrete blocks 1.
  • This method comprises a first pressing molding step between a hollow model plate 9 and a raised model plate 10 shown on Figure 4, a wet clay loaf not shown in the figures.
  • Said plate 9 has edges corresponding to the sharp edges to be obtained on the concrete block 1, and in particular to the sharp edges separating the facing 4 has seals 5.
  • clay is molded containing between 17 and 21% water by mass under a pressure of a hundred tonnes.
  • the concrete block 1 is dried after being demolded.
  • a third step consists in cooking the dry product.
  • the main difficulty, during such molding, lies in the difficulty of completely occupying the angles and the corners of the edges of the model plate 9 with clay.
  • the method according to the invention allows to remedy this drawback by making the air escape, trapped between said model plate 9 and said clay bread, over the entire length of the line of the edges of said model plate 9 corresponding to the sharp edges of the product to be obtained , in this case the concrete block 1.
  • the edges of the hollow model plate 9 are produced by assembling walls 11 and 12.
  • the contiguous surfaces 11 a , 12 has components 11, 12 whose junction defines the line of said edges, have a surface condition Ra of between 50 and 70 micrometers.
  • the contiguous surfaces 11, 12a of the adjacent walls 11,12 are machined, for example milled, so that the average direction of the geometric irregularities on one of the surfaces to be crossed with the mean direction of the geometric irregularities on the other surface.
  • the cross for example the orthogonality of the machining directions of the contacting surfaces 11a and 12a allow air to escape at the junction of walls 11 and 12, even when said walls 11 and 12 are strongly clamped one against the other so as to resist the pressures brought into play during pressing.
  • the respective hollows of the contacting surfaces 11 a and 12a are in abutment on each other from the top of their peaks with the mean directions are crossed. This prevents interpenetration and allows the passage of air while preventing the penetration of clay grains and thus sealing the junction between these two surfaces 11a and 12a.
  • the interior surfaces of the walls 12 corresponding to the edges of the model plate 9 are perfectly perpendicular to the interior surface of the wall 11 corresponding to the bottom and, like the latter, have a polished surface finish.
  • the face 6 of said concrete block 1 is located at the bottom of the recessed model plate 9.
  • This variant has the advantage of being able to make the joint plane coincide between the model plate 9 and the model plate 10 with the base plane of the concrete block 1 and thus limit the defects caused by this joint plane at the lower horizontal edges of the walls. belt 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

The terracotta breezeblock is constituted by an enclosure (2) with vertical walls, partially closed on the top . There are two vertical external faces (4) opposite to the walls each having a rectangular facing (4a) having a hollow rectangular joint (5) on one vertical and one horizontal edge. The other vertical and horizontal edges of the facing are coincident with the horizontal (4d) and vertical (4e) edges of the vertical face. The upper horizontal face (6) of the enclosure has a rectangular opening (6a) edged by a relief moulding. This moulding is interrupted on each of the opening large sides to form a transverse groove (6c) centred on the opening. Each of the large external vertical faces are separated from each other by a first vertical portion (5a) of the hollow joint. This portion is extended along the upper horizontal edge (4b) of the face by a portion (5b) and along the vertical edges (4c) of the same face by a second vertical portion (5c). The terracotta blocks can be easily laid by an amateur, the lateral and longitudinal alignment being automatically assured by relief guide mouldings on their upper surface which engage in the lower edges of blocks in an upper row.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un parpaing en terre cuite creux qui, à l'instar des parpaings classiques en béton, permet la construction de structures par empilement des éléments à joints croisés. L'invention concerne également un procédé et un dispositif d'obtention d'un tel parpaing.The present invention relates to a hollow clay block which, like conventional concrete blocks, allows the construction of structures by stacking elements with crossed joints. The invention also relates to a method and a device for obtaining such a concrete block.

Le montage d'un parement en briques, qu'il s'agisse d'un mur d'enceinte extérieur ou d'une cloison destinée à s'intégrer au sein d'un chaînage, comme par exemple entre des poutres en bois, nécessite un savoir-faire et un temps de pose qui mettent la tâche hors de portée des bricoleurs.The assembly of a brick facing, whether it is an outer surrounding wall or a partition intended to be integrated within a chaining, as for example between wooden beams, requires know-how and exposure time that put the task beyond the reach of DIY enthusiasts.

En effet, le mode d'appareillage consiste à sceller les briques à l'aide d'un mortier de façon à réaliser des joints en retrait soulignant le relief des parements des briques, ce qui nécessite un savoir-faire important. C'est pourquoi, seul l'homme de l'art était jusqu'à présent à même de réaliser un tel parement où les briques apparaissent en saillie, régulièrement espacées les unes des autres, par un joint en retrait.In fact, the method of fitting consists in sealing the bricks using a mortar so as to make recessed joints emphasizing the relief of the facing of the bricks, which requires significant know-how. This is why, only the skilled person has so far been able to produce such a facing where the bricks appear projecting, regularly spaced from each other, by a recessed joint.

Le parpaing selon la présente invention se propose de mettre à la portée de l'amateur une telle construction, normalement réservée au secteur professionnel. A cette fin, l'invention concerne un parpaing en terre cuite obtenu sans travail de finition après cuisson, destiné au montage de structures, par empilement, le parpaing étant caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué d'une ceinture parallélépipèdique aux parois verticales, partiellement fermée sur le dessus et en ce qu'au moins deux faces verticales extérieures opposées desdites parois verticales comportent chacune au moins un parement rectangulaire, de section normalement rectangulaire, bordé sur une de ses arêtes verticales et une de ses arêtes horizontales par un joint creux, de section normalement rectangulaire, l'autre arête verticale et l'autre arête horizontale dudit parement coïncidant respectivement, sur le bord horizontal et sur le bord vertical correspondants de la face verticale, avec l'arête de ladite face. Les parements et les joints jouent respectivement le rôle des faces apparentes des briques et des joints en mortier. Cette ressemblance est obtenue grâce aux angles vifs des parements des parpaings qui rappellent visuellement ceux des briques traditionnelles.The concrete block according to the present invention proposes to put within the reach of the amateur such a construction, normally reserved for the professional sector. To this end, the invention relates to a terracotta block obtained without finishing work after firing, intended for mounting structures, by stacking, the block being characterized in that it consists of a parallelepiped belt with vertical walls, partially closed on top and in that at least two opposite external vertical faces of said vertical walls each comprise at least one rectangular facing, of normally rectangular section, bordered on one of its vertical edges and one of its horizontal edges by a hollow joint , of normally rectangular section, the other vertical edge and the other horizontal edge of said facing coinciding respectively, on the horizontal edge and on the corresponding vertical edge of the vertical face, with the edge of said face. The facing and the joints respectively play the role of the exposed faces of the bricks and the mortar joints. This resemblance is obtained thanks to the sharp angles of the facing of the concrete blocks which visually recall those of traditional bricks.

Le montage est simplifié du fait que l'on peut se contenter de coller les parpaings les uns sur les autres, selon un mode d'empilement à joints croisés. L'alignement latéral et longitudinal est automatiquement assuré grâce à des moulures de guidage en relief présentes à la surface supérieure des parpaings et coopérant avec les bords inférieurs des parpaings du rang supérieur. De plus, les parpaings sont creux et présentent, sur leur surface supérieure, des ouvertures autorisant leur remplissage rang par rang avec du mortier.The assembly is simplified by the fact that one can be satisfied with sticking the concrete blocks one on the other, according to a mode of stacking with crossed joints. The lateral and longitudinal alignment is automatically ensured by means of relief guide moldings present on the upper surface of the concrete blocks and cooperating with the lower edges of the concrete blocks of the upper row. In addition, the concrete blocks are hollow and have openings on their upper surface allowing them to be filled row by row with mortar.

La présente invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication particulièrement avantageux, ainsi qu'un dispositif le mettant en oeuvre, permettant d'obtenir des parements à angles vifs, par pressage entre deux plaques modèles métalliques. Ce procédé de fabrication d'un produit en terre cuite présentant des arêtes vives est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes : le moulage par pressage, dans une plaque modèle creuse, d'un pain d'argile humide, avec échappement de l'air, emprisonné entre ladite plaque et ledit pain d'argile, sur toute la longueur de la ligne des arêtes de ladite plaque correspondant aux arêtes vives du produit à obtenir, le séchage du produit démoulé et la cuisson du produit sec. Il permet d'obtenir un parpaing directement, sans finition ultérieure.The present invention also relates to a particularly advantageous manufacturing method, as well as a device implementing it, making it possible to obtain facing at sharp angles, by pressing between two metal model plates. This method of manufacturing a terracotta product having sharp edges is characterized in that it comprises the following stages: molding by pressing, in a hollow model plate, of a loaf of wet clay, with exhaust of the air trapped between said plate and said clay bread, over the entire length of the line of the edges of said plate corresponding to the sharp edges of the product to be obtained, the drying of the demolded product and the cooking of the dry product. It allows a concrete block to be obtained directly, without subsequent finishing.

On décrira ci-après, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, diverses formes d'exécution de la présente invention en référence au dessin annexé sur lequel :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un mur en court de montage, par empilement de parpaings selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en perspective d'un parpaing selon l'invention,
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe longitudinale du parpaing de la figure 2,
  • la figure 4 est une vue en élévation éclatée du moule permettant le pressage du parpaing selon l'invention.
Various embodiments of the present invention will be described below, by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended drawing in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a wall in short assembly, by stacking concrete blocks according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a concrete block according to the invention,
  • FIG. 3 is a view in longitudinal section of the concrete block of FIG. 2,
  • Figure 4 is an exploded elevational view of the mold for pressing the concrete block according to the invention.

Un exemple de parpaing 1 selon l'invention est représenté sur les figures 2 et 3. Il consiste principalement en une ceinture parallélépipèdique 2 partiellement fermée sur le dessus. Chacune des deux petites faces verticales extérieures 3 présente, sur chacun de ses côtés, un bourrelet 3a,3b vertical en relief destiné respectivement à venir en appui contre les bourrelets 3b,3a verticales des parpaings 1 adjacents, comme il est représenté sur la figure 1. Les grandes faces verticales 4 extérieures présentent chacune deux parements 4a rectangulaires identiques, de même section rectangulaire, séparés l'un de l'autre par la première portion 5a verticale d'un joint 5 de section également rectangulaire. Ce joint 5 se prolonge horizontalement, le long du bord horizontal supérieur 4b de chaque grande face verticale 4 extérieure, par une portion horizontale 5b et le long d'un des bords verticaux 4c de ladite face 4a par une troisième portion 5c. Le joint 5 borde donc, chacun des parements 4a, sur une de ses arêtes verticales et une de ses arêtes horizontales. L'autre arête horizontale desdits parements 4a coïncide sur le bord horizontal inférieur 4d avec l'arête de la face 4. De plus, l'un des deux parements 4a coïncide, sur celle de ses arêtes verticales dépourvus de joint 5, avec l'arête de l'autre bord vertical 4e de la grande face 4. C'est pourquoi le bourrelet 3b, disposé du côté du bord vertical 4e dépourvu de joint 5, est plus large que le bourrelet 3a correspondant de l'autre côté du parpaing 1. Les grandes faces verticales 4 ainsi constituées forment les parties visibles de la structure montée à base de parpaings 1. La disposition relative des parements 4a et des joints 5 sur les grandes faces verticales 4 permet, lors de l'empilement des parpaings 1 de faire en sorte que chaque parement 4a soit toujours séparé d'un des parements adjacents par un joint 5, que le parement adjacent appartienne ou non au même parpaing 1, imitant ainsi parfaitement une construction de masse en briques traditionnelles, comme il est représenté sur la figure 1. Les joints 5 jouent alors le rôle des joints en creux réalisés, dans le montage traditionnel, avec du mortier.An example of concrete block 1 according to the invention is shown in Figures 2 and 3. It mainly consists of a parallelepiped belt 2 partially closed on top. Each of the two small outer vertical faces 3 has, on each of its sides, a bead 3a, 3 embossed vertical b for coming to bear respectively against the beads 3 b, 3 a vertical concrete blocks 1 adjacent, as shown in Figure 1. the large outer vertical faces 4 each have two cuffs 4 has identical rectangular, of the same rectangular section, separated from each other by the first portion 5 has a vertical gasket 5 also of rectangular section. This joint 5 extends horizontally, along the upper horizontal edge 4 b of each large vertical outside face 4, by a horizontal portion 5 b and along one of the vertical edges 4 c of said face 4 a by a third portion 5 c . The joint 5 therefore borders, each of the facings 4 a , on one of its vertical edges and one of its horizontal edges. The other horizontal edge of said cladding 4 is coincident on the lower horizontal edge 4d with the edge of the face 4. In addition, one of the two faces 4a coincides with that of its vertical edges devoid of seal 5, with the edge of the other vertical edge 4 e of the large face 4. This is why the bead 3 b , disposed on the side of the vertical edge 4 e without seal 5, is wider than the bead 3 a corresponding to the other side of the concrete block 1. The large vertical faces 4 thus formed form the visible parts of the structure mounted on the basis of concrete blocks 1. The relative arrangement of the facings 4 a and the joints 5 on the large vertical faces 4 makes it possible, when stacking the concrete blocks 1, to ensure that each facing 4 a is always separated from one of the adjacent facing by a joint 5, whether or not the adjacent facing belongs to the same concrete block 1, thus perfectly imitating a mass construction in traditional bricks, as shown in FIG. 1. The joints 5 then play the role of the hollow joints produced, in the traditional assembly, with mortar.

Conformément aux figures 2 et 3, la face horizontale supérieure 6 du parpaing 1 comporte deux ouvertures 6a rectangulaires disposées symétriquement de part et d'autre du plan médian transversal P du parpaing 1 avec leurs grands côtés parallèles aux grandes faces verticales 4 de la ceinture 2.In accordance with FIGS. 2 and 3, the upper horizontal face 6 of the concrete block 1 has two rectangular openings 6 a arranged symmetrically on either side of the transverse median plane P of the concrete block 1 with their long sides parallel to the large vertical faces 4 of the belt. 2.

Lesdites ouvertures 6a sont bordées chacune par une moulure en relief 6b, les deux moulures 6b venant se confondre au niveau dudit plan médian P. Chacune desdites moulures 6b est interrompue, de façon symétrique sur chacun des grands côtés desdites ouvertures rectangulaires 6a, pour former une rainure 6c transversale parallèle aux petites faces 3. Les deux rainures 6c ainsi obtenues sont normalement centrées sur les ouvertures rectangulaires 6a, symétriques par rapport au plan médian P et servent de guide lors du montage des parpaings 1, permettant de positionner longitudinalement les parpaings 1 de la rangée supérieure par emboîtage des arêtes inférieures de leurs faces 3 contiguës dans une rainure 6c transversale d'un parpaing 1 de la rangée inférieure. Le positionnement latéral est réalisé par la portée des arêtes horizontales 7b inférieures des faces intérieures 7 des parpaings 1 de la rangée supérieure le long des moulures 6b longitudinales des parpaings 1 de la rangée inférieure.Said openings 6 a are each bordered by a relief molding 6 b , the two moldings 6 b coming to merge at the level of said median plane P. Each of said moldings 6 b is interrupted, symmetrically on each of the long sides of said rectangular openings 6 a , to form a transverse groove 6 c parallel to the small faces 3. The two grooves 6 c thus obtained are normally centered on the rectangular openings 6 a , symmetrical with respect to the median plane P and serve as a guide during the mounting of the concrete blocks 1, making it possible to position the concrete blocks 1 of the upper row longitudinally by fitting the lower edges of their contiguous faces 3 into a transverse groove 6 c of a concrete block 1 in the lower row. Lateral positioning is achieved by the reach of the horizontal edges 7 b lower of the inner faces 7 of the concrete blocks 1 of the upper row along the longitudinal moldings 6 b of the concrete blocks 1 of the lower row.

La résistance à l'écrasement du parpaing 1 est renforcée par l'inclinaison, vers le haut et l'intérieur du parpaing 1, des faces intérieures 7 de la ceinture 2 qui contribue ainsi à augmenter l'épaisseur de ladite ceinture 2. Les faces intérieures 7 de la ceinture 2 sont, de plus, renforcées par des nervures 7a qui s'étendent depuis l'arête horizontale 7b inférieure desdites faces 7 jusqu'au bord de la face inférieure 8 des ouvertures rectangulaires 6a du parpaing 1. Ces nervures 7a sont représentées sur les figures 2 et 3.The crushing resistance of the concrete block 1 is reinforced by the inclination, upwards and inside of the concrete block 1, of the internal faces 7 of the belt 2 which thus contributes to increasing the thickness of said belt 2. The inner faces 7 of the belt 2 are, in addition, reinforced by ribs 7 a which extend from the horizontal edge 7 b of said lower faces 7 to the edge of the lower face 8 of rectangular openings 6 has concrete blocks 1. These ribs 7 a are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

De façon à renforcer la solidité d'une structure montée par empilement de parpaings 1, il est possible de remplir lesdits parpaings 1 de mortier par les ouvertures rectangulaires 6a, et ce, à chaque rangée empilée.In order to reinforce the solidity of a structure mounted by stacking concrete blocks 1, it is possible to fill said concrete blocks 1 with mortar through the rectangular openings 6 a , and this, for each stacked row.

Le réalisme de l'aspect final d'une structure réalisée par empilement de parpaings 1 dépend principalement de l'aspect de l'interface entre les parements 4a et les joints 5 les séparant. En particulier, il est nécessaire d'obtenir des parements 4a à angles vifs rappelant visuellement les faces latérales des briques traditionnelles.The realism of the final appearance of a structure produced by stacking concrete blocks 1 depends mainly on the appearance of the interface between the facings 4 a and the joints 5 separating them. In particular, it is necessary to obtain facing 4 a with sharp angles visually recalling the lateral faces of traditional bricks.

A cette fin, l'invention propose également un procédé et un dispositif de fabrication permettant le moulage par pressage des parpaings 1. Ce procédé comprend une première étape de moulage par pressage entre une plaque modèle 9 creuse et une plaque modèle 10 en relief représentées sur la figure 4, d'un pain d'argile humide non représenté sur les figures. Ladite plaque 9 présente des arêtes correspondant aux arêtes vives à obtenir sur le parpaing 1, et en particulier aux arêtes vives séparant les parements 4a des joints 5. On moule ainsi de l'argile renfermant entre 17 et 21% d'eau en masse sous une pression d'une centaine de tonnes.To this end, the invention also provides a manufacturing method and device for pressing molding of concrete blocks 1. This method comprises a first pressing molding step between a hollow model plate 9 and a raised model plate 10 shown on Figure 4, a wet clay loaf not shown in the figures. Said plate 9 has edges corresponding to the sharp edges to be obtained on the concrete block 1, and in particular to the sharp edges separating the facing 4 has seals 5. Thus clay is molded containing between 17 and 21% water by mass under a pressure of a hundred tonnes.

Lors d'une seconde étape, le parpaing 1 est séché après avoir été démoulé. Une troisième étape consiste en la cuisson du produit sec. La difficulté principale, lors d'un tel moulage, réside dans la difficulté à occuper en totalité les angles et les coins des arêtes de la plaque modèle 9 avec l'argile. En effet, l'air emprisonné lors du pressage du pain d'argile a tendance à rester piégé au fond de la plaque modèle 9 en creux et a détériorer ainsi l'état des surfaces. Le procédé selon l'invention permet de remédier à cet inconvénient en réalisant l'échappement de l'air, emprisonné entre ladite plaque modèle 9 et ledit pain d'argile, sur toute la longueur de la ligne des arêtes de ladite plaque modèle 9 correspondant aux arêtes vives du produit à obtenir, en l'occurrence le parpaing 1. A cet effet, on réalise les arrêtes de la plaque modèle 9 creuse par assemblage de parois 11 et 12. Les surfaces contiguës 11a,12a des composants 11,12 dont la jonction définit la ligne desdites arêtes, présentent un état de surface Ra compris entre 50 et 70 micromètres.In a second step, the concrete block 1 is dried after being demolded. A third step consists in cooking the dry product. The main difficulty, during such molding, lies in the difficulty of completely occupying the angles and the corners of the edges of the model plate 9 with clay. In fact, the air trapped during the pressing of the clay bread tends to remain trapped at the bottom of the hollow model plate 9 and thus deteriorate the condition of the surfaces. The method according to the invention allows to remedy this drawback by making the air escape, trapped between said model plate 9 and said clay bread, over the entire length of the line of the edges of said model plate 9 corresponding to the sharp edges of the product to be obtained , in this case the concrete block 1. For this purpose, the edges of the hollow model plate 9 are produced by assembling walls 11 and 12. The contiguous surfaces 11 a , 12 has components 11, 12 whose junction defines the line of said edges, have a surface condition Ra of between 50 and 70 micrometers.

Ces irrégularités permettent l'évacuation de l'air, mais retiennent les grains de silice, contrairement aux évents classiques, qui eux se bouchent rapidement par obstruction provoquée par les grains de silice. De plus, les surfaces contiguës 11a,12a des parois 11,12 adjacentes sont usinées, par exemple fraisées, de façon à ce que la direction moyenne des irrégularités géométriques sur l'une des surfaces soit croisée avec la direction moyenne des irrégularités géométriques sur l'autre surface.These irregularities allow the evacuation of air, but retain the silica grains, unlike conventional vents, which are quickly blocked by obstruction caused by the silica grains. In addition, the contiguous surfaces 11, 12a of the adjacent walls 11,12 are machined, for example milled, so that the average direction of the geometric irregularities on one of the surfaces to be crossed with the mean direction of the geometric irregularities on the other surface.

Le croisement, par exemple l'orthogonalité des directions d'usinage des surfaces en contact 11a et 12a permet à l'air de s'échapper à la jonction des parois 11 et 12, même lorsque lesdites parois 11 et 12 sont fortement serrées l'une contre l'autre de façon à résister aux pressions mises en jeu lors du pressage. En effet, les anfractuosités respectives des surfaces en contact 11a et 12a sont en appui les unes sur les autres par le sommet de leurs crêtes dont les directions moyennes sont croisées. Ceci permet d'éviter leur interpénétration et autorise le passage de l'air tout en interdisant la pénétration des grains d'argile et donc l'obturation de la jonction entre ces deux surfaces 11a et 12a. Les surfaces intérieures des parois 12 correspondant aux bords de la plaque modèle 9 sont parfaitement perpendiculaires à la surface intérieure de la paroi 11 correspondant au fond et présentent, comme cette dernière un état de surface poli.The cross, for example the orthogonality of the machining directions of the contacting surfaces 11a and 12a allow air to escape at the junction of walls 11 and 12, even when said walls 11 and 12 are strongly clamped one against the other so as to resist the pressures brought into play during pressing. Indeed, the respective hollows of the contacting surfaces 11 a and 12a are in abutment on each other from the top of their peaks with the mean directions are crossed. This prevents interpenetration and allows the passage of air while preventing the penetration of clay grains and thus sealing the junction between these two surfaces 11a and 12a. The interior surfaces of the walls 12 corresponding to the edges of the model plate 9 are perfectly perpendicular to the interior surface of the wall 11 corresponding to the bottom and, like the latter, have a polished surface finish.

Enfin, dans la variante particulière de moulage du parpaing 1, représentée sur la figure 4, la face 6 dudit parpaing 1 se trouve au fond de la plaque modèle 9 en creux. Cette variante présente l'avantage de pouvoir faire coïncider le plan de joint entre la plaque modèle 9 et la plaque modèle 10 avec le plan de base du parpaing 1 et de limiter ainsi les défauts entraînés par ce plan de joint aux arêtes horizontales inférieures des parois de la ceinture 2.Finally, in the particular variant of molding of the concrete block 1, represented in FIG. 4, the face 6 of said concrete block 1 is located at the bottom of the recessed model plate 9. This variant has the advantage of being able to make the joint plane coincide between the model plate 9 and the model plate 10 with the base plane of the concrete block 1 and thus limit the defects caused by this joint plane at the lower horizontal edges of the walls. belt 2.

Le démoulage des parpaings 1 est facilité par l'utilisation de lubrifiants bien connus de l'homme du métier. Dès le démoulage, les parpaings 1 présentent leur forme définitive, sans qu'il soit nécessaire d'effectuer d'étape de finition. La différence de couleur existant, dans une structure traditionnelle, entre les briques et le joint, est reproduite, sur le parpaing 1, par la différence de couleur obtenue, lors de la cuisson, entre les joints 5 et les parements 4 desdits parpaings 1.The release of concrete blocks 1 is facilitated by the use of lubricants well known to those skilled in the art. As soon as they are removed from the mold, the concrete blocks 1 have their final shape, without the need for a finishing step. The difference in color existing, in a traditional structure, between the bricks and the joint, is reproduced, on the block 1, by the difference in color obtained, during baking, between the joints 5 and the facing 4 of said blocks 1.

Enfin, il est bien clair que tout parpaing, et ce, quelle que soit sa technique d'obtention et quels que soient le nombre et la disposition relative des parements sur ses faces, destiné, par empilement, à monter une structure dont l'aspect visuel est identique à celui de la même structure montée à partir de briques traditionnelles liées par un mortier mettant en relief les faces apparentes desdites briques, ne sortirait pas du cadre de l'invention.Finally, it is quite clear that any concrete block, whatever its technique of obtaining and whatever the number and the relative arrangement of the facings on its faces, intended, by stacking, to mount a structure whose appearance visual is identical to that of the same structure mounted from traditional bricks linked by a mortar highlighting the visible faces of said bricks, would not depart from the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

Parpaing (1) en terre cuite obtenu sans travail de finition après cuisson, destiné au montage de structures, par empilement, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué d'une ceinture (2) parallélépipèdique aux parois verticales, partiellement fermée sur le dessus et en ce qu'au moins deux faces verticales (4) extérieures opposées desdites parois verticales comportent chacune au moins un parement (4a) rectangulaire, de section normalement rectangulaire, bordé sur une de ses arêtes verticales et une de ses arêtes horizontale par un joint creux (5), de section normalement rectangulaire, l'autre arête verticale et l'autre arête horizontale dudit parement (4a) coïncidant respectivement, sur le bord horizontal (4d) et sur le bord vertical (4e) correspondants de la face verticale (4), avec l'arête de ladite face (4).Concrete block (1) obtained without finishing work after firing, intended for mounting structures, by stacking, characterized in that it consists of a belt (2) parallelepiped with vertical walls, partially closed on top and in that at least two opposite vertical vertical faces (4) of said vertical walls each comprise at least one rectangular facing (4 a ), of normally rectangular section, bordered on one of its vertical edges and one of its horizontal edges by a joint hollow (5), of normally rectangular section, the other vertical edge and the other horizontal edge of said facing (4 a ) coinciding respectively, on the corresponding horizontal edge (4 d ) and on the vertical edge (4 e ) of the vertical face (4), with the edge of said face (4). Parpaing (1) en terre cuite selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la face horizontale supérieure (6) de la ceinture (2) comporte au moins une ouverture (6a) rectangulaire bordée par une moulure (6b) en relief interrompue, de façon symétrique, sur chacun des grands côtés de l'ouverture (6a) rectangulaire pour former une rainure (6c) transversale normalement centrée sur ladite ouverture (6a) rectangulaire.Concrete block (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the upper horizontal face (6) of the belt (2) has at least one rectangular opening (6 a ) bordered by a molding (6 b ) in interrupted relief symmetrically on each of the long sides of the opening (6a) to form a rectangular groove (6 c) cross normally centered on said opening (6 a) rectangular. Parpaing (1) en terre cuite selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que chacune des grandes faces verticales (4) extérieures de la ceinture (2) comporte deux parements (4a) rectangulaires horizontaux, de même section normalement rectangulaire, séparés l'un de l'autre par une première portion verticale (5a) d'un joint creux (5), de section normalement rectangulaire, qui se prolonge horizontalement le long du bord horizontal supérieur (4b) de ladite face (4) par une portion horizontale (5b) et le long d'un des bords verticaux (4c) de la même face (4) par une seconde portion verticale (5c), l'arête extérieure desdits parements (4a) coïncidant, sur le bord horizontal inférieur (4d) et l'autre bord vertical (4e) de la grande face verticale (4), avec l'arête de ladite face (4).Building block (1) clay according to the preceding claim, characterized in that each of the major vertical faces (4) outside of the belt (2) comprises two walls (4 a) horizontal rectangular, also normally rectangular section, separated from one from the other by a first vertical portion (5 a ) of a hollow joint (5), of normally rectangular section, which extends horizontally along the upper horizontal edge (4 b ) of said face (4) by a horizontal portion (5 b ) and along one of the vertical edges (4 c ) of the same face (4) by a second vertical portion (5 c ), the outer edge of said facing (4 a ) coinciding, on the lower horizontal edge (4 d ) and the other vertical edge (4 e ) of the large vertical face (4), with the edge of said face (4). Parpaing (1) en terre cuite selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la face horizontale supérieure (6) comporte deux ouvertures (6a) rectangulaires disposées symétriquement de part et d'autre du plan médian transversal (P) du parpaing (1), parallèle aux petites faces (3) de la ceinture (2), lesdites ouvertures (6a) étant bordées chacune par une moulure (6b) en relief se confondant au niveau dudit plan médian (P), entre lesdites ouvertures (6a) rectangulaires, chacune desdites moulures (6b) en relief étant interrompue, de façon symétrique, sur chacun des grands côtés des ouvertures (6a) rectangulaires pour former une rainure (6c) transversale, les deux rainures (6c) ainsi obtenues étant symétriques par rapport audit plan médian (P).Building block (1) clay according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the upper horizontal face (6) has two openings (6a) rectangular symmetrically arranged on either side of the transverse central plane (P) of the block (1 ), parallel to the small faces (3) of the belt (2), said openings (6 a ) being each bordered by a molding (6 b ) in relief merging at said median plane (P), between said openings (6 a ) rectangular, each of said relief moldings (6 b ) being interrupted, symmetrically, on each of the long sides of the rectangular openings (6 a ) to form a transverse groove (6 c ), the two grooves (6 c ) thus obtained being symmetrical with respect to said median plane (P). Parpaing (1) en terre cuite selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce les faces intérieures (7) de la ceinture (2) sont légèrement inclinées vers le haut et l'intérieur du parpaing (1), et de préférence renforcées par des nervures (7a) qui s'étendent depuis l'arête horizontale inférieure (7b) desdites faces (7) jusqu'à la face intérieure (8) des bords des ouvertures (6a) rectangulaires.Terracotta block (1) according to any one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the internal faces (7) of the belt (2) are slightly inclined upwards and inside the block (1), and preferably reinforced by ribs (7 a ) which extend from the lower horizontal edge (7b) of said faces (7) to the inner face (8) of the edges of the rectangular openings (6 a ). Parpaing (1) en terre cuite selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce chacune des deux petites faces (3) extérieures de la ceinture (2) présentent, sur chacun de ses côté, un bourrelet (3a,3b) vertical en relief.Concrete block (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that each of the two small external faces (3) of the belt (2) have, on each of its sides, a bead (3 a , 3 b ) vertical in relief. Procédé de fabrication de produits en terre cuite présentant des arêtes vives tels que parpaings selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins les étapes suivantes : - le moulage par pressage, entre une plaque modèle (9) creuse et une plaque modèle (10) en relief, d'un pain d'argile humide, avec échappement de l'air, emprisonné entre ladite plaque (9) et ledit pain d'argile, sur toute la longueur de la ligne des arêtes de ladite plaque (9) correspondant aux arêtes vives du produit à obtenir, - le séchage du produit démoulé, - la cuisson du produit sec. Method for manufacturing terracotta products with sharp edges such as concrete blocks according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises at least the following steps: - pressing molding, between a hollow model plate (9) and a raised model plate (10), a moist clay loaf, with air escaping, trapped between said plate (9) and said clay loaf, along the entire length of the line of the edges of said plate (9) corresponding to the sharp edges of the product to be obtained, - drying of the demolded product, - cooking the dry product. Procédé de fabrication d'un produit en terre cuite présentant des arêtes vives selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que l'argile renferme entre 17 et 21 % d'eau en masse.A method of manufacturing a terracotta product having sharp edges according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the clay contains between 17 and 21% water by mass. Dispositif pour la fabrication d'un produit en terre cuite présentant des arêtes vives mettant en oeuvre le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que la plaque modèle (9) creuse est obtenue par assemblage de parois (11,12), les surfaces contigües (11a,12a) desdites parois (11,12), dont la jonction correspond aux arêtes de ladite plaque modèle (9), présentant un état de surface Ra compris entre 50 et 70 micromètres.Device for the manufacture of a terracotta product having sharp edges implementing the method according to any one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the hollow model plate (9) is obtained by assembling walls (11 , 12), the contiguous surfaces (11, 12a) of said walls (11,12), whose junction corresponds to the edges of said pattern plate (9) having a surface finish Ra of between 50 and 70 micrometers. Dispositif pour la fabrication d'un produit en terre cuite présentant des arêtes vives selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces contigües (11a,12a) des parois (11,12) sont usinées, par exemple fraisées, de façon à ce que la direction moyenne des irrégularités géométriques sur l'une (11a) des surfaces soit croisée avec la direction moyenne des irrégularités géométriques sur l'autre surface (12a).Device for the manufacture of a clay product with sharp edges according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the contiguous surfaces (11a, 1 2a) of the walls (11,12) are machined, for example milled, so as that the mean direction of the geometric irregularities on one (11 a ) of the surfaces is crossed with the mean direction of the geometric irregularities on the other surface (12 a ).
EP96400188A 1995-01-25 1996-01-25 Moulded building block from clay and process for its manufacture Withdrawn EP0726369A1 (en)

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FR9500944A FR2729601A1 (en) 1995-01-25 1995-01-25 TERRACOTTA PARPAING AND PROCESS FOR OBTAINING
FR9500944 1995-01-25

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