EP0725898A1 - Piston for gaseous media piston compressor - Google Patents

Piston for gaseous media piston compressor

Info

Publication number
EP0725898A1
EP0725898A1 EP95929853A EP95929853A EP0725898A1 EP 0725898 A1 EP0725898 A1 EP 0725898A1 EP 95929853 A EP95929853 A EP 95929853A EP 95929853 A EP95929853 A EP 95929853A EP 0725898 A1 EP0725898 A1 EP 0725898A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
annular groove
head
piston head
passage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95929853A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0725898B1 (en
Inventor
Helmut Thurner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Magna BDW Technologies GmbH
Original Assignee
Bayerisches Druckgusswerk Thurner KG
Magna BDW Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerisches Druckgusswerk Thurner KG, Magna BDW Technologies GmbH filed Critical Bayerisches Druckgusswerk Thurner KG
Publication of EP0725898A1 publication Critical patent/EP0725898A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0725898B1 publication Critical patent/EP0725898B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/10—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/0005—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
    • F04B39/0016—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons with valve arranged in the piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/12—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by varying the length of stroke of the working members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2225/00—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
    • F05C2225/04—PTFE [PolyTetraFluorEthylene]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a piston compressor for gaseous media, in particular an air piston compressor driven by an electric motor according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a piston compressor for gaseous media
  • Such a compressor is described in DE-GM 17 48 885 or DE 36 16 968 AI.
  • DE-GM describes a piston for suction and pressure pumps, which is made entirely of plastic and the lateral surfaces of which are tapered in the suction direction.
  • the valve cover has sealing knobs that fit into openings when the closed state is reached.
  • the task is to make a small piston compressor with high performance available which It is possible to provide high volume flows within a short time. Since the electrical energy for the drive is to be taken from the electrical system of a motor vehicle, the drive power is limited. Therefore, particularly good efficiency is required. This in turn requires operation at a low temperature level.
  • DE 23 11 048 AI describes a small unit that is used as a structural unit in motor vehicles in order to provide compressed air for various purposes, and to a large extent such compressed air that does not necessarily have one - as with compressed air brakes Compressed air reservoir is led, but with which work is also carried out during production, for example driving any units such as windshield wipers or the like, or being introduced into a system of air suspension.
  • air pressure accumulators can also be filled.
  • the task is to make a piston available for a high-performance compressor which maintains its piston and valve properties even in continuous operation.
  • the solution to this problem results from the combination of the characteristics of the main claim.
  • the piston head has an annular groove formed radially on the outside, which is intended for receiving a helically wound spring.
  • the outer part of the piston head is pressed elastically against the cylinder wall. It is therefore possible to dispense with piston rings and lubrication.
  • This helical spring ensures that the outer surface, which is made of plastic, lies evenly against the cylinder inner wall
  • the pressure of the gas building up on the top of the piston also occurs within the annular groove Effect and supports the radially outward tension by the coil spring.
  • the coil spring can be supported by a flat metal ring underneath, which, as a metal insert in the plastic, limits its radial expansion, keeps the dimensions and design of the piston small and thus contributes to the reduction of the harmful space.
  • the annular groove defines a thin-walled sealing lip with which the piston head rests on the cylinder wall.
  • the sealing lip existing radially outside the annular groove allows the piston to grow as a result of the thermal heating, that is to say it expands radially with respect to the cylinder wall. Since the sealing lip is elastically stretched against the cylinder wall by the helical spring, the piston head main mass can also move relative to the sealing lip due to the free space provided by the annular groove. Since the sealing lip is thin-walled, the radial pressure developed during the upward movement of the piston can act directly. The seal on the surface between the sealing lip and the cylinder wall is best due to the radial pressure when the piston approaches top dead center, ie the gas pressure reaches its maximum value. The annular groove is slightly narrowed in this position. Such sealing lips have a wall thickness of, for example, 0.4 to 1.0 mm in piston compressors of a small construction.
  • the piston head can have a frustoconical outer surface.
  • the piston has a smaller outer diameter in its lower area than in its upper area.
  • the piston is firmly connected to the piston rod or connecting rod.
  • This connection is rigid and leads to a permanent tilting of the piston relative to the piston wall during its opening. and movement. Due to the conical design of the piston skirt, the friction surfaces of the piston remain limited to the contact surface of the upper sealing lip, so that the piston can be moved very easily and without lubrication.
  • the lower piston edge can also be provided with an annular groove and a helical spring accommodated therein in a manner comparable to the upper piston edge.
  • the annular groove is preferably formed on the upper end face of the piston head when the lateral surface is frustoconical, since the sealing requirements are greatest in this area.
  • the widest diameter of the jacket is in the region of the annular groove. Regardless of the location of the annular groove and the design of the jacket, it is advantageous to arrange the annular groove on the widest diameter of the jacket in order to achieve an effective pressure on the inner wall of the cylinder which is increased by the helical spring.
  • Fig. 1 shows a section along the section line III - III in Figure 2 by a piston according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic top view of the piston in the direction of arrows IV - IV according to FIG. 1.
  • the actual piston compressor with an electric motor as the drive is not shown in the drawing.
  • the electric motor has a drive shaft.
  • the shaft ends in an eccentric.
  • a connecting rod bearing 56 is located on the eccentric.
  • the connecting rod 56 carries the bearing at its lower end, which
  • the connecting rod 56 carries a piston 58 which is arranged in a cylinder for reciprocating motion.
  • the connecting rod 56 is set into a circular movement via the drive shaft which is connected to its lower head, while its upper head is reciprocated with the piston 58 in the cylinder.
  • the gas in the cylinder space is compressed until it takes up a compression space.
  • a spring-loaded outlet valve opens, so that the compressed gas is discharged via a nozzle.
  • the piston moves into its return stroke, the gas to be compressed being sucked into the crankcase via a suction opening formed in the crankcase and subsequently sucked through the piston 58 into the upper cylinder chamber.
  • the piston 58 moves into its forward stroke, the suction process coming to an end.
  • the piston 58 is designed as an intake valve without a valve spring and is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 56 by a screw 82.
  • the piston 58 is constructed in such a way that it engages a metal piston plate 72 placed directly on the connecting rod 56. points.
  • the piston plate 72 has the shape of a circular disc with a slightly conical shape.
  • In the middle there is a mounting hole 73 for a screw 82.
  • Axially to the screw 82 is a multiply graduated middle part 74.
  • An actual piston head 76 is clamped with a step 75, for the centering of the piston plate 72 a ring part 75.
  • the piston head 76 is made of plastic, preferably polytetrafluoroethylene, and has a central recess through which the central part 74 extends in the assembled position. At the front and radially outside, the piston head 76 has an annular groove 78 which is formed on its periphery in such a way that it defines a thin-walled annular sealing lip 79. A helical spring washer 77 is inserted in the annular groove 78 and clamps the sealing lip 79 radially outward. The helical spring ring 77 is supported by a likewise annular metal insert 71 made of flat metal, which at the same time serves to stiffen and thermally relieve the plastic piston.
  • Both the piston plate 72 and the plastic part 76 are provided with annular and axially aligned air passage openings 80, on which a flat metal ring 81 held by the central part 74 rests as a simple inlet valve cover.
  • the inlet valve cover 81 is movable along the central part 74, in such a way that in the rapid upward movement of the piston rod or the connecting rod 56 indicated by the arrow P u in the left-hand side of the illustration in FIG. 1, the cover 81, the opening 80 closes and compresses the air into the space above the piston 58.
  • the opposite movement of the connecting rod in the direction of arrow P d is indicated on the right side of the illustration in FIG. 1.
  • the cover 81 bears against the upper boundary of the middle part 74 and opens the opening 80. Air can flow into cylinder 60, which is compressed during the next stroke.
  • the aligned openings 80 are located within the Plastic formed piston head 76 in two ring grooves machined at the top and bottom.

Abstract

A piston (58) is disclosed for piston compressors for compressing gaseous media, preferably air, having a piston rod that moves back and forth within a cylinder and is rigidly fixed to a piston provided with a passage for the gaseous medium to be sucked from the lower side of the piston. The passage further has an inlet valve that opens when the piston (58) moves downwards and closes when the piston moves upwards (58). This inlet valve consists of openings (80) made of several aligned parts and located in ring-shaped grooves arranged on both sides of main bodies (76) made of plastics. The top ring-shaped grooves may be covered by the ring-shaped valve lid (81).

Description

Kolben für Kolbenverdichter für gasförmige Medien Pistons for piston compressors for gaseous media
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Kolbenverdichter für gasförmige Medien, insbesondere einen mit einem Elektromotor angetriebenen Luft-Kolbenverdichter gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Ein solcher Verdichter ist in der DE-GM 17 48 885 oder der DE 36 16 968 AI beschrieben. Das DE-GM beschreibt einen Kolben für Saug- und Druckpumpen, der vollständig aus Kunststoff hergestellt ist und dessen Mantelflächen in Saug¬ richtung kegelig eingezogen sind. Der Ventildeckel hat Dicht- noppen, die in Öffnungen passen, wenn der geschlossene Zustand erreicht wird.The present invention relates to a piston compressor for gaseous media, in particular an air piston compressor driven by an electric motor according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a compressor is described in DE-GM 17 48 885 or DE 36 16 968 AI. DE-GM describes a piston for suction and pressure pumps, which is made entirely of plastic and the lateral surfaces of which are tapered in the suction direction. The valve cover has sealing knobs that fit into openings when the closed state is reached.
In der DE 36 16 968 AI wird ein Taumelkolbenkompressor be¬ schrieben, der zwar mehrteilig aufgebaut ist und eine Dicht- lippe aus Kunststoff aufweist, aber dessen Luftführung an der Dichtlippe am Umfang vorbeigeführt wird, was Dichtungsprobleme auslöst.DE 36 16 968 AI describes a wobble piston compressor which, although it is constructed in several parts and has a sealing lip made of plastic, has its air duct guided past the circumference of the sealing lip, which triggers sealing problems.
Beide Schriften zum Stand der Technik beschreiben als Ein¬ laßventil wirkende Kolben, die ohne Federbelastung atiskommen und bei denen die Ventilstellung von der Kolbenbewegung abge¬ leitet wird. Dennoch eignen sie sich nicht für den hier vor¬ gesehenen ZweckBoth documents relating to the prior art describe pistons acting as intake valves, which arrive without spring loading and in which the valve position is derived from the piston movement. Nevertheless, they are not suitable for the purpose envisaged here
Grundsätzlich besteht die Aufgabe, einen kleinbauenden Kol- benverdichter hoher Leistung verfügbar zu machen, der in der Lage ist, innerhalb kurzer Zeit hohe Volumenströme zur Ver¬ fügung zu stellen. Da die elektrische Energie für den Antrieb an dem Bordnetz eines Kraftfahrzeuges entnommen werden soll, ist die Antriebsleistung begrenzt. Deshalb ist ein besonders guter Wirkungsgrad erforderlich. Dies wiederum bedingt einen Betrieb auf niedrigem Temperaturniveau.Basically, the task is to make a small piston compressor with high performance available which It is possible to provide high volume flows within a short time. Since the electrical energy for the drive is to be taken from the electrical system of a motor vehicle, the drive power is limited. Therefore, particularly good efficiency is required. This in turn requires operation at a low temperature level.
In der DE 23 11 048 AI ist ein kleines Aggregat beschrieben, das als Baueinheit in Kraftfahrzeuge eingesetzt wird, um Druck- luft für verschiedene Zwecke zur Verfügung zu stellen, und zwar weitgehend eine solche Druckluft, die nicht notwendigerweise - wie bei Druckluftbremsen - über einen Druckluftspeicher gelei¬ tet wird, sondern mit der zugleich während der Erzeugung Arbeit geleistet, beispielsweise irgendwelche Aggregate wie Scheiben- Wischer o. ä. angetrieben werden oder in ein System einer Luft¬ federung eingeleitet wird. Selbstverständlich können auch Luft- druckspeicher aufgefüllt werden.DE 23 11 048 AI describes a small unit that is used as a structural unit in motor vehicles in order to provide compressed air for various purposes, and to a large extent such compressed air that does not necessarily have one - as with compressed air brakes Compressed air reservoir is led, but with which work is also carried out during production, for example driving any units such as windshield wipers or the like, or being introduced into a system of air suspension. Of course, air pressure accumulators can also be filled.
Es besteht die Aufgabe, einen Kolben für einen Hochleistungs- Verdichter verfügbar zu machen, der auch im Dauerbetrieb seine Kolben- und Ventileigenschaft beibehält. Die Lösung dieser Auf¬ gabe ergibt sich aus der Kombination der Kennzeichen des Haupt- anspruches.The task is to make a piston available for a high-performance compressor which maintains its piston and valve properties even in continuous operation. The solution to this problem results from the combination of the characteristics of the main claim.
Eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung besteht darin, daß der Kol- benkopf radial außen eine stirnseitig gebildete Ringnut auf¬ weist, die zur Aufnahme einer schraubenförmig gewickelten Feder bestimmt ist. Dadurch wird der äußere Teil des" Kolbenkopfes elastisch gegen die Zylinderwand gedrückt. Es kann daher auf Kolbenringe und auf eine Schmierung verzichtet werden. Diese Wendelfeder sorgt für eine gleichmäßige Anlage der aus Kunst¬ stoff bestehenden Mantelfläche an der Zylinder-Innenwand. Der sich bei Aufwärtsbewegung an der Kolbenoberseite aufbauende Druck des Gases kommt zusätzlich auch innerhalb der Ringnut zur Wirkung und unterstützt die radial nach außen gerichtete Ver¬ spannung durch die Wendelfeder. Die Wendelfeder kann durch einen darunter befindlichen flachen Metallring unterstützt werden, der als Metalleinlage im Kunststoff dessen radiale Ausdehnung begrenzt, die Abmessung und Gestaltung des Kolbens klein hält und damit zur Verkleinerung des schädlichen Raumes beiträgt.One embodiment of the invention is that the piston head has an annular groove formed radially on the outside, which is intended for receiving a helically wound spring. As a result, the outer part of the piston head is pressed elastically against the cylinder wall. It is therefore possible to dispense with piston rings and lubrication. This helical spring ensures that the outer surface, which is made of plastic, lies evenly against the cylinder inner wall The pressure of the gas building up on the top of the piston also occurs within the annular groove Effect and supports the radially outward tension by the coil spring. The coil spring can be supported by a flat metal ring underneath, which, as a metal insert in the plastic, limits its radial expansion, keeps the dimensions and design of the piston small and thus contributes to the reduction of the harmful space.
Die Ringnut definiert eine dünnwandige Dichtlippe, mit der der Kolbenkopf an der Zylinderwand anliegt. Die radial außerhalb der Ringnut bestehende Dichtlippe gestattet, daß der Kolben infolge der thermischen Erhitzung wächst, sich also radial gegenüber der Zylinderwand dehnt. Da die Dichtlippe durch die Wendelfeder elastisch gegen die Zylinderwand gespannt ist, kann sich ferner die Kolbenkopf-Hauptmasse infolge des durch die Ringnut bestehenden Freiraums relativ zur Dichtlippe bewegen. Da die Dichtlippe dünnwandig ist, kann der bei der Aufwärts¬ bewegung des Kolbens entwickelte Radialdruck unmittelbar wirken. Die Abdichtung auf der zwischen Dichtlippe und Zylin- derwand bestehenden Fläche ist infolge der radialen Anpressung dann am besten, wenn sich der Kolben seinem oberen Totpunkt nähert, der Gasdruck also seinen Höchstwert erreicht. Die Ringnut ist in dieser Stellung geringfügig verengt. Derartige Dichtlippen haben bei Kolbenverdichtern kleiner Konstruktion eine Wanddicke von beispielsweise 0,4 bis 1,0 mm.The annular groove defines a thin-walled sealing lip with which the piston head rests on the cylinder wall. The sealing lip existing radially outside the annular groove allows the piston to grow as a result of the thermal heating, that is to say it expands radially with respect to the cylinder wall. Since the sealing lip is elastically stretched against the cylinder wall by the helical spring, the piston head main mass can also move relative to the sealing lip due to the free space provided by the annular groove. Since the sealing lip is thin-walled, the radial pressure developed during the upward movement of the piston can act directly. The seal on the surface between the sealing lip and the cylinder wall is best due to the radial pressure when the piston approaches top dead center, ie the gas pressure reaches its maximum value. The annular groove is slightly narrowed in this position. Such sealing lips have a wall thickness of, for example, 0.4 to 1.0 mm in piston compressors of a small construction.
Der Kolbenkopf kann in weiterer Ausgestaltung eine stumpfkege¬ lige Mantelfläche haben. Der Kolben hat in seinem unteren Be¬ reich einen kleineren Außendurchmesser als in seinem oberen Be- reich. Der Kolben ist mit der Kolbenstange oder dem Pleuel fest verbunden. Bei dieser hier gemäß der Erfindung benutzten Aus- führungsform gibt es zwischen Kolben und Pleuel kein Gelenk. Diese Verbindung ist starr und führt zu einem ständigen Verkan¬ ten des Kolbens gegenüber der Kolbenwand während seiner Auf- und Abbewegung. Durch die konische Ausbildung des Kolbenmantels bleiben die Reibflächen des Kolbens auf die Berührungsfläche der oberen Dichtlippe begrenzt, so daß der Kolben sehr leicht und ohne Schmierung bewegt werden kann. Auch der untere Kolben- rand kann stirnseitig in einer dem oberen Kolbenrand vergleich¬ baren Weise mit einer Ringnut und einer darin aufgenommenen Wendelfeder versehen werden. Vorzugsweise ist die Ringnut je¬ doch bei stumpfkegeliger Ausbildung der Mantelfläche an der oberen Stirnseite des Kolbenkopfes gebildet, da die Erforder- nisse hinsichtlich der Abdichtung in diesem Bereich am größten sind.In a further embodiment, the piston head can have a frustoconical outer surface. The piston has a smaller outer diameter in its lower area than in its upper area. The piston is firmly connected to the piston rod or connecting rod. In this embodiment used here according to the invention, there is no joint between the piston and the connecting rod. This connection is rigid and leads to a permanent tilting of the piston relative to the piston wall during its opening. and movement. Due to the conical design of the piston skirt, the friction surfaces of the piston remain limited to the contact surface of the upper sealing lip, so that the piston can be moved very easily and without lubrication. The lower piston edge can also be provided with an annular groove and a helical spring accommodated therein in a manner comparable to the upper piston edge. However, the annular groove is preferably formed on the upper end face of the piston head when the lateral surface is frustoconical, since the sealing requirements are greatest in this area.
Schließlich gehört es zur Ausgestaltung der Erfindung, daß der breiteste Durchmesser des Mantels im Bereich der Ringnut liegt. Unabhängig von dem Ort der Ringnut und der Gestaltung des Man¬ tels ist es günstig, die Ringnut an dem breitesten Durchmesser des Mantels anzuordnen, um in diesem Bereich eine wirksame durch die Wendelfeder verstärkte Anpressung an die Zylinder- Innenwand zu erreichen.Finally, it is part of the design of the invention that the widest diameter of the jacket is in the region of the annular groove. Regardless of the location of the annular groove and the design of the jacket, it is advantageous to arrange the annular groove on the widest diameter of the jacket in order to achieve an effective pressure on the inner wall of the cylinder which is increased by the helical spring.
Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung lassen sich den Ansprüchen und der folgenden Beschreibung entnehmen. Einzelheiten, Merk¬ male, Vorteile und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der vorliegenden Er¬ findung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung eines zeichnerisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels.Further details of the invention can be found in the claims and the following description. Details, features, advantages and possible uses of the present invention result from the description of an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Fig. 1 einen Schnitt längs der Schnittlinie III - III in Figur 2 durch einen Kolben gemäß der Erfindung, undFig. 1 shows a section along the section line III - III in Figure 2 by a piston according to the invention, and
Fig. 2 eine schematische Draufsicht auf den Kolben in Richtung der Pfeile IV - IV gemäß Fig. 1. Der eigentliche Kolbenverdichter mit einem Elektromotor als An¬ trieb ist in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt. Der Elektromotor weist eine Antriebswelle auf. Die Welle schließt in einem Ex¬ zenter ab. An dem Exzenter befindet sich ein Lager eines Pleuels 56.FIG. 2 shows a schematic top view of the piston in the direction of arrows IV - IV according to FIG. 1. The actual piston compressor with an electric motor as the drive is not shown in the drawing. The electric motor has a drive shaft. The shaft ends in an eccentric. A connecting rod bearing 56 is located on the eccentric.
Das Pleuel 56 trägt das Lager an seinem unteren Ende, wobei dasThe connecting rod 56 carries the bearing at its lower end, which
Lager durch die Drehung der Antriebswelle kreisförmig geführt wird. An seinem anderen Ende trägt das Pleuel 56 einen Kolben 58, der in einem Zylinder zur Hin- und Herbewegung angeordnet ist.Bearing is guided circularly by the rotation of the drive shaft. At its other end, the connecting rod 56 carries a piston 58 which is arranged in a cylinder for reciprocating motion.
Beim Betrieb des erfindungsgemäßen Kolbenverdichters wird das Pleuel 56 über die mit seinem unteren Kopf in Verbindung ste- hende Antriebswelle in eine kreisförmige Bewegung versetzt, während sein oberer Kopf mit dem Kolben 58 in dem Zylinder hin- und hergeführt wird. Beim Aufwärtshub des Kolbens 58 wird dabei das im Zylinderraum befindliche Gas komprimiert, bis es einen Verdichtungsraum einnimmt. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt oder kurz davor öffnet ein federbelastetes Auslaßventil, so daß das komprimier¬ te Gas über einen Stutzen abgeführt wird. Nach Erreichen der oberen Totpunktstellung des Kolbens 58 geht dieser in seinen Rückhub über, wobei über eine im Kurbelgehäuse gebildete An¬ saugöffnung das zu komprimierende Gas in das Kurbelgehäuse und nachfolgend durch den Kolben 58 in den oberen Zylinderraum ein¬ gesaugt wird. Bei Erreichen seiner unteren Totpunktstellung geht der Kolben 58 in seinen Vorwärtshub über, wobei der Ein¬ saugvorgang zum Ende kommt.When the piston compressor according to the invention is in operation, the connecting rod 56 is set into a circular movement via the drive shaft which is connected to its lower head, while its upper head is reciprocated with the piston 58 in the cylinder. During the upward stroke of the piston 58, the gas in the cylinder space is compressed until it takes up a compression space. At this time or shortly before, a spring-loaded outlet valve opens, so that the compressed gas is discharged via a nozzle. After the top dead center position of the piston 58 has been reached, the piston moves into its return stroke, the gas to be compressed being sucked into the crankcase via a suction opening formed in the crankcase and subsequently sucked through the piston 58 into the upper cylinder chamber. When it reaches its bottom dead center position, the piston 58 moves into its forward stroke, the suction process coming to an end.
Der Kolben 58 ist gemäß Figuren 1 und 2 als Ansaugventil ohne Ventilfeder ausgebildet und fest mit dem Pleuel 56 durch eine Schraube 82 verbunden. Wie in Fig. 1 und 2 zu sehen ist, ist der Kolben 58 so aufgebaut, daß er einen unmittelbar an der Pleuelstange 56 aufgesetzten Kolbenteller 72 aus Metall auf- weist. Der Kolbenteller 72 hat die Form einer kreisrunden Scheibe mit leicht kegeliger Form. In der Mitte befindet sich ein Befestigungsloch 73 für eine Schraube 82. Axial zur Schrau¬ be 82 sitzt ein mehrfach abgestufter Mittelteil 74. Mit einer Stufe 75 wird ein eigentlicher Kolbenkopf 76 geklemmt, für des¬ sen Zentrierung der Kolbenteller 72 ein Ringteil 75 aufweist. Der Kolbenkopf 76 besteht aus Kunststoff, vorzugsweise Polytetrafluorethylen, und hat eine zentrale Aussparung, durch die der Mittelteil 74 in montierter Stellung hindurchgreift. Stirnseitig und radial außen weist der Kolbenkopf 76 eine Ring¬ nut 78 auf, die an seiner Peripherie so gebildet ist, daß sie eine dünnwandige ringförmige Dichtlippe 79 definiert. In der Ringnut 78 ist ein Wendelfederring 77 eingesetzt, welcher die Dichtlippe 79 radial nach außen spannt. Der Wendelfederring 77 wird von einer ebenfalls ringförmigen Metalleinlage 71 aus Flachmetall unterstützt, die zugleich zur Aussteifung und ther¬ mischen Entlastung des Kunststoffkolbens dient.According to FIGS. 1 and 2, the piston 58 is designed as an intake valve without a valve spring and is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 56 by a screw 82. As can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, the piston 58 is constructed in such a way that it engages a metal piston plate 72 placed directly on the connecting rod 56. points. The piston plate 72 has the shape of a circular disc with a slightly conical shape. In the middle there is a mounting hole 73 for a screw 82. Axially to the screw 82 is a multiply graduated middle part 74. An actual piston head 76 is clamped with a step 75, for the centering of the piston plate 72 a ring part 75. The piston head 76 is made of plastic, preferably polytetrafluoroethylene, and has a central recess through which the central part 74 extends in the assembled position. At the front and radially outside, the piston head 76 has an annular groove 78 which is formed on its periphery in such a way that it defines a thin-walled annular sealing lip 79. A helical spring washer 77 is inserted in the annular groove 78 and clamps the sealing lip 79 radially outward. The helical spring ring 77 is supported by a likewise annular metal insert 71 made of flat metal, which at the same time serves to stiffen and thermally relieve the plastic piston.
Sowohl der Kolbenteller 72 als auch das Kunststoffteil 76 sind mit ringförmig und zueinander axial fluchtenden Luftdurchla߬ öffnungen 80 versehen, auf denen oben ein vom Mittelteil 74 ge¬ haltener flacher Metallring 81 als einfacher Einlaßventildeckel aufliegt. Der Einlaßventildeckel 81 ist entlang des Mittelteils 74 beweglich, und zwar so, daß bei der in der linken Seite der Darstellung von Fig. 1 durch den Pfeil Pu angedeuteten schnel¬ len Aufwärtsbewegung der Kolbenstange oder des Pleuels 56, der Deckel 81 die Öffnung 80 schließt und die Luft in den über dem Kolben 58 liegenden Raum hineinverdichtet. Auf der rechten Sei¬ te der Darstellung von Fig. 1 ist die entgegengesetzte Bewegung des Pleuels in Richtung des Pfeiles Pd angedeutet. In diesem Fall liegt der Deckel 81 an der oberen Begrenzung des Mittel¬ teiles 74 an und gibt die Öffnung 80 frei. Es kann Luft in den Zylinder 60 nachfließen, die beim nächsten Hub verdichtet wird. Die fluchtenden Öffnungen 80 befinden sich innerhalb des aus Kunststoff gebildeten Kolbenkopfes 76 in zwei oben und unten eingearbeiteten Ringnuten . Both the piston plate 72 and the plastic part 76 are provided with annular and axially aligned air passage openings 80, on which a flat metal ring 81 held by the central part 74 rests as a simple inlet valve cover. The inlet valve cover 81 is movable along the central part 74, in such a way that in the rapid upward movement of the piston rod or the connecting rod 56 indicated by the arrow P u in the left-hand side of the illustration in FIG. 1, the cover 81, the opening 80 closes and compresses the air into the space above the piston 58. The opposite movement of the connecting rod in the direction of arrow P d is indicated on the right side of the illustration in FIG. 1. In this case, the cover 81 bears against the upper boundary of the middle part 74 and opens the opening 80. Air can flow into cylinder 60, which is compressed during the next stroke. The aligned openings 80 are located within the Plastic formed piston head 76 in two ring grooves machined at the top and bottom.

Claims

Kolben für Kolbenverdichter für gasförmige MedienPatentansprüche Pistons for piston compressors for gaseous media
1. Kolbenverdichter für gasförmige Medien, vorzugsweise Luft, mit einer innerhalb eines Zylinders (60) hin- und herbe¬ wegbaren Kolbenstange mit starr verbundenem Kolben (58) , der einen Durchlaß (80) für das von der Kolbenunterseite anzusaugende gasförmige Medium mit einem sich bei Abwärts¬ bewegung des Kolbens öffnenden und bei Aufwärtsbewegung des Kolbens schließenden Einlaßventil (80) aufweist, wobei der Kolben (58) einen Kolbenteller (72) und einen daran befestigbaren Kolbenkopf (76) aufweist, in dem zumindest eine als Durchlaß dienende Aussparung gebildet ist, welche durch eine in Abhängigkeit von der Kolbenbewegung inner¬ halb des Kolbens bewegliche Ringscheibe (81) abdeckbar ist,1. Piston compressor for gaseous media, preferably air, with a piston rod which can be moved back and forth within a cylinder (60) with a rigidly connected piston (58), which has a passage (80) for the gaseous medium to be sucked in from the piston underside When the piston moves downward and the inlet valve opens and closes when the piston moves upward, the piston (58) has a piston plate (72) and a piston head (76) which can be fastened thereon and in which at least one recess serving as a passage is formed which can be covered by an annular disk (81) which is movable within the piston as a function of the piston movement,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t,characterized,
daß der Kolbenkopf (76) aus Kunststoff besteht und daß der Kolben (58) eine Vielzahl von ringförmig- angeordneten Durchlaßöffnungen (80) aufweist, welche mit gleichen und auf axialen Abstand darüber angeordneten Öffnungen (80) im Kolbenkopf (76) fluchten, wobei sich Öffnungen (80) im Kolbenkopf (76) in einer in der Ober- und Unterfläche des Kolbenkopfes (76) befindlichen Ringnut liegen und die obe¬ re Ringnut durch die dünne Ringscheibe (81) bedeckt sind, die axial längs eines festen Mittelteils (74) auf und ab beweglich ist.that the piston head (76) is made of plastic and that the piston (58) has a plurality of annularly arranged passage openings (80) which are aligned with the same and axially spaced openings (80) in the piston head (76), whereby Openings (80) in the piston head (76) lie in an annular groove located in the upper and lower surface of the piston head (76) and the upper annular groove is covered by the thin annular disk (81), which is axially movable up and down along a fixed central part (74).
2. Kolben für Kolbenverdichter gemäß Anspruch 12. Piston for piston compressor according to claim 1
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t,characterized,
daß der Kolbenkopf (76) eine radial außen und stirnseitig gebildete Ringnut (78) aufweist, die eine Wendelfeder (77) aufnimmt.that the piston head (76) has an annular groove (78) formed radially on the outside and on the end face, which receives a helical spring (77).
3. Kolben gemäß Anspruch 2,3. Piston according to claim 2,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t,characterized,
daß die Ringnut (78) eine dünnwandige Dichtlippe (79) definiert, mit der der Kolbenkopf (76) an der Zylinderwand anliegt.that the annular groove (78) defines a thin-walled sealing lip (79) with which the piston head (76) rests on the cylinder wall.
4. Kolben gemäß den Ansprüchen 2 und 3,4. Piston according to claims 2 and 3,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t,characterized,
daß der Kolbenkopf (76) eine stumpfkegelige Mantelfläche aufweist.that the piston head (76) has a truncated conical outer surface.
5. Kolben gemäß Anspruch 4,5. Piston according to claim 4,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t,characterized,
daß der breiteste Durchmesser des Mantels im Bereich der Ringnut (78) liegt. that the widest diameter of the jacket is in the region of the annular groove (78).
EP95929853A 1994-08-17 1995-08-11 Piston for gaseous media piston compressor Expired - Lifetime EP0725898B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4429097 1994-08-17
DE4429097A DE4429097A1 (en) 1994-08-17 1994-08-17 Piston compressor for gaseous media
PCT/EP1995/003196 WO1996005430A1 (en) 1994-08-17 1995-08-11 Piston for gaseous media piston compressor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0725898A1 true EP0725898A1 (en) 1996-08-14
EP0725898B1 EP0725898B1 (en) 1998-03-04

Family

ID=6525863

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EP95929103A Expired - Lifetime EP0725897B1 (en) 1994-08-17 1995-08-11 Piston compressor for gaseous media
EP95929853A Expired - Lifetime EP0725898B1 (en) 1994-08-17 1995-08-11 Piston for gaseous media piston compressor

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95929103A Expired - Lifetime EP0725897B1 (en) 1994-08-17 1995-08-11 Piston compressor for gaseous media

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EP (2) EP0725897B1 (en)
AT (2) ATE163734T1 (en)
DE (3) DE4429097A1 (en)
ES (2) ES2113212T3 (en)
WO (2) WO1996005429A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4429097A1 (en) 1996-02-22
EP0725897B1 (en) 1998-03-04
DE59501550D1 (en) 1998-04-09
ATE163735T1 (en) 1998-03-15
EP0725897A1 (en) 1996-08-14
WO1996005429A1 (en) 1996-02-22
ES2113212T3 (en) 1998-04-16
WO1996005430A1 (en) 1996-02-22
DE59501549D1 (en) 1998-04-09
EP0725898B1 (en) 1998-03-04
ES2113211T3 (en) 1998-04-16
ATE163734T1 (en) 1998-03-15

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