Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group, wherein Cn means a carbon skeleton not containing a ring; Thio analogues thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
  • A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
  • A01N33/04—Nitrogen directly attached to aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/06—Unsaturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/46—N-acyl derivatives

Definitions

• the present invention relates to unexpectedly improved novel compositions that contain a compound active on foliage in downward systemic control of plant pests, ie parasitic nematodes, insects and acarid infestation.
• the composition is a compound, particularly as disclosed in U.S. application Serial Number 07/827,231, filed February 3, 1992, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Serial number 07/663,218, filed March 1, 1991, incorporated herein by reference therefor, and published in the Patent Cooperation Treaty application Number PCT/US92/1474, in combination with an adjuvant selected from among typical wetting, dispersing or emulsifying agents used in agricultural formulations.
• the invention relates also to a method for controlling nematodes, insects, and acarids and to the use of the novel compositions. Background of the Invention
• Patent 4,950,666, and U.S. 4,876,285 for other typical surface-active wetting dispersing, and emulsifying agents used in agricultural formulations.
• such agents include the alkyl and alkylaryl sulfonates and sulfates and their sodium salts; alkylamide sulfonates, including fatty methyltaurides; alkylaryl polyether alcohols, sulfated higher alcohols, polyvinyl alcohols; polyethylene oxides; sulfonated animal and vegetable oils; sulfonated petroleum oils; fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols and the ethylene oxide addition products of such esters; and the addition products of long- chain mercaptans and ethylene oxide.
• U.S. Patent Nos. 5,237,100, 5,236,938, and 5,232,949 disclose nematocides in compositions together with adjuvants including synergists exemplified as piperonyl butoxide or sesamex.
• compositions for controlling nematode, insect or acarid infestation of a plant comprising a quantitatively variable combination of a compound of the formula I having the structure
• n l, 3, 5, 7, 9, or 11;
• X, Y, and Z are independently H or F, provided that at least one of X and Y is F, and further provided that when Q is
• W" is an agronomically acceptable anion
• Jt ⁇ is an aromatic group
• each of R3, R4, and R5 is independently hydrogen; a lower alkyl group, optionally substituted with at least one group selected from hydroxy, alkoxy, halo, nitro, amino, thiol, alkylthio, carboxyl, alkoxy-carbonyl, and phenyl; one of R3, R4, and Rs is hydroxy and the other two are hydrogen; or R3 , R4, and R5 taken together with the nitrogen of Q form a cyclic quaternary ammonium group;
• formula II which is alkyl glycosides wherein the alkyl group is a mixture of from about eight to fourteen carbons and the number of glycoside groups present in the formula are from one to about six but preferably one to two, and more preferably APG 325 or APG 225 where the alkyl group is a mixture of from nine to eleven carbons or Atplus 258 or either Rhodonat LMO which is coconut oil based sucroglyceride or Rhodonat MLP 704 which is modified LMO sucroglyceride; (b) formula III which is a quaternized fatty amine ethoxylate wherein the fatty amine is an alkylamine wherein the alkyl group is a mixture of from about eight to twenty carbon atoms, preferably a mixture of from eight to sixteen carbon atoms, more preferably a mixture of from eight to twelve carbon atoms such as is found in cocomethyl ammonium chloride, and most preferably Ethoquad C/12 (the quaternized fatty amine ethoxy
• R 0 is a mixture of alkyl groups of from about eight to twenty-two carbon atoms, inclusive;
• R 1 is an alkyl of from one to four carbons, inclusive;
• EO is an ethylene oxide monomer wherein x and y are independently a number of from zero to fourteen and are the number of moles of ethoxylation present with the proviso that x and y taken together must be from two to fourteen, preferably two; and
• Z- is an agronomically acceptable anion);
• formula IV which is a mixture of a fatty amine ethoxylate and ethoxylated alkylphenol, preferably Improve® (the fatty amine ethoxylate may be represented by the formula
• R 22 represents a mixture of alkyls of from about six to thirty carbons, inclusive, preferably from about twelve to twenty carbons, inclusive,
• EO is an ethyleneoxide monomer
• n and m represent the number of moles of ethoxylation in the formula and are when taken together about from one to fifty, preferably five to fifteen, and the ethoxylated alkylphenol may be represented by the formula
• R 3 is a mixture of alkyl groups of from zero to twenty carbons, inclusive, preferably from about eight to ten carbons, inclusive, and more preferably nine carbons;
• EO is an ethylene oxide monomer; and
• w is the number of moles of ethoxylation in the formula and is from about two to twenty, inclusive, and preferably from six to ten moles, inclusive);
• formula V which are ethoxylated acetylated diols, preferably Surfynol 485, and more preferably present in the range from about 0.5% (the ethoxylated acetylated diols may be represented by the formula
• * is a number of carbons to provide a total number of carbons in the chain of from 10 through 12 carbons, inclusive; and EO is an ethylene oxide monomer wherein q and p independently are numbers which represent the number of moles of ethylene oxide monomers in the formula and are when taken together in the range of from about 10 through 30, inclusive, preferably 30);
• formula VI which is a secondary alcohol ethoxylate wherein the number of moles of ethylene oxide monomers is from 7 to 15, inclusive, preferably Tergitol® 15-S-7, Tergitol® 15-S-9, or Tergitol® 15-S-12, and more preferably Tergitol® 15-S 12 (the formula VI may be shown as follows:
• R 4 a represents hydroxy or a Polyoxyethylene group wherein a represents the number of moles of ethylene oxide monomers present in the formula and is from about seven to fifteen, inclusive, preferably about nine to twelve, inclusive, and C* represents the ends of the carbon chain such that altogether the chain is a mixture of carbons having a total of from eleven to fifteen carbons, inclusive, preferably from twelve to fourteen carbons, inclusive);
• formula VII which is an alkoxylated fatty amine oxide, preferably Emcol XE 1656, including ethoxylated fatty amine oxide, preferably Flo-Mo 3153 (the alkoxylated fatty amine oxide is represented by the formula
• R 5 represents a mixture of alkyls of from about six to thirty carbons, inclusive, preferably from about twelve to twenty carbons, inclusive;
• R' is hydrogen or methyl; and z and zi represent the number of moles of alkoxylation or preferably ethoxylation in the formula and are when taken together about from one to fifty, preferably five to fifteen);
• R 2 6 represents a mixture of alkyls of from about six to thirty carbons, inclusive, preferably from about twelve to twenty carbons, inclusive;
• formula IX which is a fatty alcohol polyglycol ether, preferably Genapol T250 or Neodol (the fatty alcohol polyglycol ether may be represented by the formula
• R 27 represents a mixture of alkyls of from about six to thirty carbons, inclusive, preferably from about twelve to twenty carbons, inclusive;
• R' represents alkyl of from about one to two carbons, inclusive;
• Z 2 represents the number of moles of ethoxylation in the formula and are when taken together about from one to fifty, preferably five to fifteen)
• formula X which is a fatty acid esterified polyethoxyether, preferably Kaomul 230 or which is stearic acid polyethoxylate, preferably Simusol M52( the coco esterfied polyethoxyether and stearic acid polyethoxylate may be represented by the formula R 28 CO 2 (EO H
• R 2 8 represents a mixture of alkyls of from about six to thirty carbons, inclusive, preferably from about twelve to twenty carbons, inclusive;
• EO represents ethoxylation in the formula and Z 3 is from one to fifty, preferably five to fifteen); or (j) formula XI which is a quaternary ammonium, preferably
• Dodigen 226 (the quaternary ammonium may be represented by the formula
• R 30 , R 31 and R3 2 are independently alkyls of from one to three carbons which together are from two to seven carbons, preferably all methyl, or one of R30, R3 1 , R3 2 is ((EO) n ⁇ (PO) n 2); EO is ethylene oxide; PO is propylene oxide; ni is an integer of one to two; and n 2 is an integer of three to fifteen, preferably six to ten; and Q is an agronomically acceptable anion);
• Ethoduomeen (the diamine ethoxylate may be represented by the formula
• R 33 represents alkyl of from C8 to C20, preferably CIO to C16; and n 3 , 11 4 , ns represent the number of moles of ethoxylation in the formula and are when taken together about from one to fifty, preferably five to fifteen);
• formula XIV which is an alkoxylated primary fatty alcohol, preferably Ethylan CPG 945 (the alkoxylated primary fatty alcohol may be represented by the formula
• R3 4 represents alkyl of from C8 to C18, preferably C13 to C15;
• EO is ethylene oxide
• PO represents propylene oxide
• ng is an integer of from 6 to 50, preferably from 6 to 9
• n 7 is an integer from 4 to 8, preferably 4.5 to 6
• the adjuvant is of the formula represented by Improve® or Tergitol® 15-S-12.
• the compound of the formula I is an agronomically acceptable salt of 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butene-l-amine, preferably the monohydrochloride salt thereof; N-(3,4,4-trifluoro-3- butenyDglycine, preferably the monohydrochloride salt thereof; 2- amino-N-(3,4,4-trifluoro-2-butenyl)propanamide, preferably the monohydrochloride salt thereof; (S)-2-amino-4-(methylthio)-N-(3,4,4- trifluoro-3-butenyl)butanamide, preferably the monohydrochloride salt thereof; 4,4-difluoro-3-buten-l-amine, preferably the monohydrochloride salt thereof; 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butenoic acid, preferably the sodium salt thereof; a combination of 3,4,4-trifluoro-3- butenoic acid and 3,4,4-trifluoro 3-buten-l-amine in a one
• the parasitically active ingredient is 3,4,4- trifluoro-3-butene-l-amine, preferably the monohydrochloride salt thereof; or N-(3,4,4-trifluoro-l-oxo-3-butenyl)glycine and most preferably the active ingredient is N-(3,4,4-trifluoro-l-oxo-3- butenyDglycine.
• a combination of a compound of the formula I and from about 0.05 to 20 % but less than an amount toxic to an infested plant, preferably about 0.10 to 2 %, of an adjuvant active ingredient of the formula II, III, IV, V, VI or mixtures thereof increases the effectiveness of the compound of formula I against parasitic, particularly nematode infestation when applied to foliage of the infested plants by an unexpected difference compared to the a combination of the compound of formula I with other known surface- active wetting dispersing, and emulsifying agents commonly used in agricultural formulations.
• An ordinarily skilled artisan would be able to find the % of adjuvant effective for a particular compound of the formula. The percentage expressed is by volume.
• the present invention is also a method for controlling nematodes, insects, and acarids and for the use of the novel compositions for controlling nematodes, insects, and acarids comprising treating an infestation of nematodes, insects, and acarids either on the foliage or the soil of infested plants with a compound of the formula I together with an activity enhancing amount of an adjuvant of the formula II which is alkyl glycoside, preferably APG® 325 or Atplus 258 in the amount of 0.25-1%; an adjuvant of the formula III which is ethoxylated cocomethyl ammonium chloride, preferably Ethoquad C/12 in the amount of 0.25-
• an adjuvant of the formula III which is ethoxylated cocomethyl ammonium chloride, preferably Ethoquad C/12 in the amount of 0.25-
• an adjuvant of the formula IV which is fatty amine ethoxylate, preferably Improve® in the amount of 0.25-2%
• an adjuvant of the formula V acetylenic diol ethoxylate, preferably Surfynol 485 and preferably in the amount of 0.5-1%
• an adjuvant of the formula VI an ethoxylated secondary alcohol, preferably Tergitol® 15-S-7 in the amount of about 0.5%, Tergitol® 15- S-9 in the amount of about 0.5%, or Tergitol® 15-S-12 in the amount of 0.5%.
• compositions of the present invention are useful as an unexpectedly effective systemic composition for controlling nematode, insect, and acarid infestation of a plant.
• These compositions provide a lower effective foliar use rate of compound of formula I while maintaining efficacy in nematode, insect, and acarid disease control. That is, when applied to the foliage or stems of a plant they are able to move through the phloem and xylem of the plant and provide control of nematodes, insects, or acarids at other locations of the plant.
• the present methods for systemic control of nematodes, insects, and acarids use unexpectedly enhanced phloem mobile compositions of the present invention. These compositions having a compound of Formula I and a sufficient amount of an adjuvant to unexpectedly provide enhanced effectiveness. It has been proposed the enhanced effectiveness of the present compositions results from improved phloem mobility in order to relocate the compound of Formula I downward in a plant without eliminating the nematode-, insect- or acarid-controlling activity of the compound of Formula I.
• the present compositions may improve the active ingredient capability of passing through the cuticle of the foliage or stem of a plant, passing into the phloem, and remaining there long enough to be transported throughout the plant so as to move to untreated areas including the roots.
• a compound of formula I may leak out or in some way contact the pests to such an extent that they are killed or repelled and the damage they would do to the plant is reduced or eliminated.
• a compound of formula I may undergo chemical reactions, such as hydrolysis, or biological reactions, such as enzymatic actions.
• the formula I of the present invention may be devised which, when placed on the plant, prior to absorption into the plant, may undergo reactions that result in a compound that is readily absorbable, translocatable, and effective in preventing pest damage.
• An example of such compounds are those having UV-labile protecting groups which when exposed to natural light undergo reaction and result in active and mobile derivatives of compounds of the formula I.
• Another example is silylated amine derivatives.
• compositions that may be transformed through chemical or biological reactions to have proper polarity for systemic activity.
• the methods of the present invention include applying composition to the plant locus, preferably to the foliage, are known, the present compositions are surprising combinations of compounds of the formula I as defined above and selected adjuvants of the formulae II, III, IV, V, VI or mixtures thereof. These combinations are for adjuvants that can not be predicted from among those commonly used in agronomics.
• n 1 and X, Y, and Z are all F, and QI is then CH 2 NH3+ W-, that is, a salt of 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butene-l-amine.
• QI is CH 2 NHR ⁇
• Re is preferably an alpha-amino acid linked by a peptide (amide) bond, more preferably a protein amino acid.
• Rn is preferably hydroxyl and the compound is thus 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butenoic acid or a salt thereof, including a salt formed with 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butene-l-amine, that is, 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butene-l-amine 3,4,4- trifluoro-3-butenoate .
• a compound of the present invention having a free amine group may also exist as the protonated form having various anions associated therewith, for example, but not limited to, chloride, bromide, iodide, phosphate, oxalate, sulfate, citrate,and acetate.
• a compound of the present invention having a carboxylic acid or hydroxyl group may exist as the salt having various cations associated therewith, for example, but not limited to, alkali earth metals, such as sodium, calcium, and potassium; magnesium; or quaternary ammonium ions, such as ammonium, mono-, di-, or trialkylammonium, for example, isopropylammonium, or pyridinium.
• alkali earth metals such as sodium, calcium, and potassium
• magnesium or quaternary ammonium ions, such as ammonium, mono-, di-, or trialkylammonium, for example, isopropylammonium, or pyridinium.
• halo means fluorine, chlorine, iodine, or bromine or cognates thereof.
• alkyl in the definitions of the formula I means straight-chain or branched groups of from one to about seven carbon atoms.
• lower alkyl means a such a group containing from one to about four carbon atoms.
• aliphatic means saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain, alkyl groups having from one to ten carbon atoms.
• alkoxy means a lower alkyl group bonded via an oxygen atom.
• alkylthio means a lower alkyl group bonded via a sulfur atom.
• alkoxycarbonyl means the lower alkyl ester of a carboxyl group.
• aliphatic amine means an aliphatic group wherein at least one hydrogen is replaced with -NH 2 .
• aliphatic carboxylic acid, its esters, thiol esters, and amides means an aliphatic group wherein at least one carbon is a carboxylic group, -COOH, or is the lower alkyl ester, lower alkyl thiol ester, or amide thereof.
• aromatic group or aryl means phenyl, optionally substituted with at least one group selected from hydroxy, alkoxy, halo, nitro, amino, thiol, alkylthio, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, and phenyl.
• heterocycles could also be used for the aromatic group, for example, thiadiazole, pyridine, thiazole, isothiazole, oxazole, pyrazole, triazole, benzothiazole, thiophene, furan, and the like, all of which may also be optionally substituted.
• amino acid amide of Q means that Rg is an amino acid coupled via a peptide (amide) bond to the N of CH 2 NHRg.
• This amino acid may be a natural, i.e., protein, amino acid or a nonnaturally occurring amino acid.
• the amino group of the amino acid may be a substituent of any carbon in the group, for example, alpha, beta, or gamma to the carbonyl.
• alkyl or aryl hydrazine means a hydrazine group substituted with a lower alkyl or phenyl group, which in turn may be optionally substituted.
• alkyl or aryl sulfonamide means a sulfonamide group substituted with a lower alkyl or phenyl group, which in turn may be optionally substituted.
• compositions of this invention In normal use, the compositions usually will not be employed free from further admixture or dilution, but ordinarily will be used in a suitable formulated composition compatible with the method of application and comprising an effective amount of the composition.
• the compositions of this invention may be blended with additional agriculturally acceptable surface-active agents and carriers normally employed for facilitating the dispersion of active ingredients, recognizing the accepted fact that the formulation and mode of application may affect the activity of the composition.
• the present composition may be applied, for example, as sprays, dusts, or granules, to the area where pest control is desired, the type of application varying with the pest and the environment.
• the compositions of this invention may be formulated as granules of large particle size, as powdery dusts, as wettable powders, as emulsifiable concentrates, as solution, and the like.
• Granules may comprise porous or nonporous particles, such as attapulgite clay or sand, for example, which serve as carriers for the present compounds.
• the granule particles are relatively large, a diameter of about 400-2500 microns typically.
• the particles are either impregnated with the composition of the invention from solution or coated with the composition, adhesive sometimes being employed.
• Granules generally contain 0.05-10%, preferably 0.5-5%, active ingredient.
• Dusts are admixtures of the compounds, with finely divided solids such as talc, attapulgite clay, kieselguhr, pyrophyllite, chalk, diatomaceous earths, calcium phosphates, calcium and magnesium carbonates, sulfur, flours, and other organic and inorganic solids which act as carriers for the compound. These finely divided solids have an average particle size of less than about 50 microns.
• a typical dust formulation contains 1 part of compound and 99 parts of talc.
• compositions of the present invention may be made into liquid concentrates by dissolution or emulsification in suitable liquids 5 and into solid concentrates by admixture with talc, clays, and other known solid carriers used in the agricultural chemical art.
• the concentrates are compositions containing about 5-50% active composition of which 98.00-99.25% may be of the formula I and 0.25- 2% may be adjuvant and 95-50% inert material, which includes surface-
• active dispersing, emulsifying, and wetting agents not within the definition of adjuvant herein, but even higher concentrations of pesticidal active ingredient or adjuvant active ingredient may be employed experimentally.
• the concentrates are diluted with water or other liquids for practical application as sprays, or with additional
• a typical 50% wettable powder formulation would consist of 50.0% (wt/wt) of the composition, 22.0% attapulgite diluent, 22.0% of kaolin diluent, and 6.0% sodium salts of sulfonated Kraft lignin emulsifier.
• Typical carriers for solid concentrates include fuller's earth, clays, silicas, and other highly absorbent, readily wetted inorganic diluents.
• a suitable solid concentrate formulation may contain 1.5 parts each of sodium lignosulfonate and sodium lauryl sulfate as additional wetting agents,
• Manufacturing concentrates are useful for shipping low melting products of this invention. Such concentrates are prepared by melting the low melting solid products together with one percent or more of a solvent to produce a concentrate which does not solidify on
• Useful liquid concentrates include the emulsifiable concentrates, which are homogeneous liquid or paste compositions readily dispersed in water or other liquid carriers. They may consist entirely of the active compound with a liquid or solid emulsifying agent, or they may also contain a liquid carrier such as xylene, heavy aromatic naphthas, isophorone and other relatively non-volatile organic solvents. For application, these concentrates are dispersed in water or other liquid carriers and normally applied as sprays to areas to be treated.
• a typical 50 gram per liter emulsifiable concentrate formulation would consist of 5.9% (wt/wt) of a composition of the invention; as emulsifiers a 1.80% of a blend of the calcium salt of dodecylbenzene sulfonate and nonionic 6-molar ethylene oxide condensation product of nonylphenol, 2.70% of a blend of the calcium salt of dodecylbenzene sulfonate and a nonionic 30-molar ethylene oxide condensation product of nonylphenol, 1.50% of a nonionic paste of polyalkylene glycol ether, and 88.10% refined xylene solvent.
• Typical surface-active wetting, dispersing, and emulsifying agents for use in formulations in addition to the adjuvants of the present invention are other agricultural formulations which include, for example,, the alkyl and alkylaryl sulfonates and sulfates and their sodium salts; alkylamide sulfonates, including fatty methyl taurides; alkylaryl polyether alcohols, sulfated higher alcohols, polyvinyl alcohols; polyethylene oxides; sulfonated animal and vegetable oils; sulfonated petroleum oils; fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols and the ethylene oxide addition products of such esters; and the addition products of long-chain mercaptans and ethylene oxide.
• the surface active agent normally comprises about 1-15% by weight of the active ingredient.
• the surface active agent in addition to the adjuvant of the present invention composition may reduce this percentage of other surface active agents used to formulate this composition.
• compositions include simple solutions of the invention composition in a solvent in which it is completely soluble at the desired concentration, such as water, acetone, or other organic solvents.
• the preferred formulation for foliar application is an aqueous solution, more preferably containing a sufficient amount of adjuvant to provide an enhanced parasitically active compound of the formula I as well as provide the desired concentration.
• glycerin and other surface active agents such as T ween® 20, and most preferably 1% glycerin and 0.1% Tween®20 may also be part of the formulation.
• the compositions may be formulated and applied with suitable pesticidal active ingredients, including insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, plant regulators, herbicides, fertilizers, etc.
• the present invention provides methods of controlling various pests that prey on agricultural crops, namely nematodes, insects, and acarids.
• An infestation of a plant by any of these pests may be controlled by applying to the plant locus an effective amount of any of the compounds of the present invention.
• the application may be made in a variety of ways, including applying the compound or a composition containing it to the soil before or after planting or emergence, to the seed or seed pieces prior to or at planting, and to the plant foliage, stems, or trunks.
• the treatment may be made more than once during a growing season with one or more days between treatments.
• An appropriate treatment schedule will depend on the life cycle of the pest to be controlled, ambient temperatures, and moisture levels. In addition the age or size of the plant may influence the treatment schedule.
• the methods of the present invention may be carried out on a variety of crops. These include, but are not limited to, fruit and vegetable crops, such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, carrots, tomatoes, grapes, peaches, citrus, bananas, corn, and soybeans; tobacco; and cotton.
• fruit and vegetable crops such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, carrots, tomatoes, grapes, peaches, citrus, bananas, corn, and soybeans; tobacco; and cotton.
• Compounds of the present invention may be used to control any of the phytopathogenic nematodes.
• Insects which may be controlled by the methods of the present invention include, but are not limited to, foliar pests such as green peach aphids, and soil-borne pests such as southern corn rootworm.
• Acarids which may be controlled by the methods of the present invention include, but are not limited to two spotted spider mites.
• a preferred rate of application of a composition wherein the compound of the formula I is enhanced by combination with from 0.25% to 2% by weight of active adjuvant of the formula II, for example in combination is found to be about 4 or 8 oz/acre to obtain levels of control (80-100%) that are comparable at 16 oz/acre with Triton CS7 for control of root knot nematodes.
• TEST EXAMPLES The following methods were used to evaluate adjuvants that are combined with a compound of formula I, specifically, for example, N-(3,4,4-trifluoro-l-oxo-3-butenyl)glycine.
• a track sprayer is used for foliar applications to approximate application procedures and volumes commonly used in the field ( 25 gal/A). Twenty mis of each test solution is formulated in water, estimating that 10 mis would actually be applied to the 5 plants/treatment (5" or 6" round pots; soil mix: 50% Metromix, 25% fine sand, 25% medium sand , with 136 g Osmocote 14-14-14/ft 3 ; one 3-4 week old Rutger tomato plant/pot).
• Plants are often transplanted into the 5" or 6" pots; at least one day is allowed between transplanting and treatment. Pots are spaced along the track sprayer's 5 ft long center strip. A single 8001E nozzle tip is placed in a boom directly over the plants and adjusted to 6-9" above the leaf canopy. Pressure is set to l ⁇ psi, resulting in 4.2-4.5 ml/sec release. The track sprayer speed is adjusted to approximately 95 on the dial giving an LCD speed readout of 1.75-1.85. Generally, tests are comprised of 20 treatments plus an uninoculated control treatment. After chemical application, plants are allowed to dry for 2-4 hours and are then inoculated.
• Roots are evaluated for severity and quantity of galling visible and each replicate given a disease severity rating 0-100%. This data is entered into a SAS program and results are compared to both the inoculated control and (S)-2-amino-4-(methylthio)-N-(3,4,4-trifluoro-3- butenyDbutanamide, monohydrochloride, with Triton CS7 or (S)-2- amino-4-(methylthio)-N-(3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butenyl)butanamide, monohydrochloride, without adjuvant.
• Several commercial and experimental adjuvants were tested and are listed below with their active ingredient and percentages identified as follows:
• Emcol® CC9 100 propoxylated quaternary amine
• MON0818 15 polyoxyethylene alkyl (tallow) amine
• Adj. % phytotoxicity noted on foliage
• Boldface % control indicates statistically significant improvement in disease control compared to I-B, at the same rate, with either no adjuvant or Triton CS7, in the same test.
• Adj. % is as defined in Table I, except (ai) in the % Adj column means the volume of adjuvant noted in Table I is adjusted for the concentration of adjuvant active ingredient.
• the surface-active or metting agents identified above are sold under the noted names as follows.
• APG® is sold by Henkel APG, Arquad is sold by Akzo, Chemical Division, Buffercide is sold by Custom Chemicals.
• Cayuse® is sold by Wilbur-Ellis Co. Improve® is sold by Dow-Elanco. CropOil is available from various sources.
• Ethoquad is also sold by Akzo, Chemical Division, Emcol is available from Witco Corp. Organics Div., 28% Nitrogen can be made from usual nitrogen containing compounds.
• Nonylphenol is sold by, for example, Witco S.A. R-11 is available from Wilbur-Ellis Co.
• Silwet is from Union Carbide Corp., Special Chemicals Div. Surfynol is a product of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Tergitol is also a product of Union Carbide Corp., Industrial Chemicals Div. Tween 20 is from ICI Americas, Inc.
• Triton® is from Rohm and Haas Co. Varion is from Sherex Chemical Co., Inc.
• N-(3,4.4-trifluoro-1 -oxo-3-butenyl)glycine for effectiveness in controlling root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) on tomato roots when the adjuvant plus compound mixture is applied to the foliage of young plants.
• Tomato plants (cultivar "Rutgers') were grown one per pot in six cm square plastic pots containing a mixture of equal parts fine sand, coarse sand, silt loam soil, and commercial potting medium.
• Compound/adjuvant mixtures were prepared by adding the compound to water to achieve final concentrations of 2400, 1200, and 600 ppm, and then adding the adjuvant to the solution to achieve a final concentration of 0.5% volume of adjuvant/volume of water. This single adjuvant concentration was used with all 3 rates of the test compound, unless otherwise specified.
• test solutions were sprayed onto the leaves and stems using a track sprayer which approximates application procedures and volumes used in the field.
• the track sprayer is calibrated to apply the test solution at a volume of 25 gallons per acre, resulting in application rates of the compound of 8, 4, and 2 ounces active ingredient per acre.
• Three plants were sprayed for each treatment and then were air dried and kept under fluorescent lights for 15-18 hours prior to inoculation. All plants then were inoculated with mature root knot nematode eggs containing Jl larvae, with 8,000 eggs per plant applied in 5 ml of water onto soil at the stem base.
• Rhodonat MLP704 560 8.33 2.36 87.50 2.67
• Ethoduomeen T25 560 1.00 0.00 98.50 2.00

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