EP0717876B1 - Limiter zur strombegrenzung - Google Patents
Limiter zur strombegrenzung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0717876B1 EP0717876B1 EP94924694A EP94924694A EP0717876B1 EP 0717876 B1 EP0717876 B1 EP 0717876B1 EP 94924694 A EP94924694 A EP 94924694A EP 94924694 A EP94924694 A EP 94924694A EP 0717876 B1 EP0717876 B1 EP 0717876B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- resistance
- limiter according
- limiter
- profile
- resistance body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C1/00—Details
- H01C1/14—Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C1/00—Details
- H01C1/14—Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors
- H01C1/1406—Terminals or electrodes formed on resistive elements having positive temperature coefficient
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/13—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material current responsive
Definitions
- the invention relates to a limiter for current limitation, the one with overload from a low resistance value changes to a high resistance value with a thermoplastic resistance body and metallic Surface electrodes for making contact.
- Low voltage circuit breakers are often used with so-called Limiters connected in series to the short-circuit switching capacity to increase significantly in low-voltage networks and greatly limit the forward currents.
- Such Limiters are designed to be quick in the event of a short circuit change from a low-resistance to a high-resistance state and with their tension needs to a quick Current limitation and shutdown contribute.
- Electromechanically simple structures are often used as limiters Switchgear used, whose contacts through Electricity forces open dynamically and usually via none Switch lock and no release system. Your arch tension plateau lies in the range of the mains voltage amplitude. Together with the arc tension of the series connected Circuit breaker becomes the short circuit current to brought rapid decay and shortened the switch-off time.
- Arc limiters of this type have problems with contact welding, which only with special contact materials and / or with a special contact mechanism technically can be solved.
- Such varistors are intended specifically for Small power applications with low currents and low voltages, with a non-linearity the electrical conductivity of the metal oxide is exploited.
- the non-linearity of the varistor material is based on its semiconductor properties and differentiates fundamentally different from the course of the electrical properties of the PTC material of suitable for high currents Limiters that consist of a mixture of a non-conductive Carrier material, for example polyethylene, and one electrically conductive material, such as carbon black, consists.
- the limiter resistance can mainly be determined by the Volume resistance of the PTC material can be determined.
- the known limiters the surface resistance at the interfaces between the polymer resistance body and the electrodes essential to the current limiting effect in the event of a short circuit at.
- this boundary layer limiter is required for the decay of the high electrical Resistance to the low initial value a reset time typically around 20 ms. In practice this becomes Relief of the PTC element a parallel resistor connected, which is in the high-resistance state of the PTC thermistor material the major part of the short-circuit current wearing.
- a considerable voltage drop across the parallel resistor This can be 100 V or more and during exist for a period of 3 ms and longer.
- the central limit is such a long one Switching voltage intolerable, otherwise in itself undisturbed branches of the network correspondingly long-lasting Voltage dips would be caused.
- the object of the invention is therefore to create a limiter, which can also be used as a central limiter.
- a limiter which can also be used as a central limiter.
- the central limiter it must be demanded that voltage dips caused by its switching voltage limited to a fraction of a half-wave duration remain, for example for a period of time t ⁇ 1 ms.
- thermoplastic resistance bodies for example in Fcrm a rectangular plate, pressed between profiled electrodes and at least on the contact surfaces heated to its softening temperature. That flows Resistance material in the profile recesses of the metal electrodes and there is a complementary surface profile of the resistance body. Stick after this process the electrodes firmly on the resistance body from which they only with mechanical damage to the profile layer can be separated again.
- the adhesive force on the profiled surfaces between the electrodes and the resistance body is not sufficient to achieve a low limiter resistance.
- the surface electrodes are typically pressed against the resistance body with a compressive force between 50 and 100 N / cm 2 .
- FIG. 1 to 3 1 means a thermoplastic Resistor body with surfaces 2 and 3, between two similar surface electrodes 10 pressed together becomes. For this purpose, a pressure force K is applied.
- a pressure force K is applied.
- both surface electrodes 10 have a profile 15, for example with a rectangular structure has a web width b and a web height h.
- the Web width b can be between 0.1 and 1 mm and the web height are also between 0.1 and 1 mm.
- the resistance body has a complementary profile 5 1 on both surfaces 2 and 3. About the profiles 5 and 15 are the resistance body 1 and the surface electrodes inextricably linked.
- the rectangular profile also an angle of inclination against the surface of the surface electrode Have 10.
- the surface profile 15 can advantageously a different section Have direction. Also a conical shape the surface profile 15 is possible.
- the limiter described in this way is a known Circuit breaker upstream.
- the limiter is off the resistance body 1 and the surface electrodes 10 Resistor element connected in parallel.
- the resistance element is, for example, an ohmic resistance of 100 m ⁇ . It can also be a nonlinear voltage dependent Be resistance, its resistance with the applied Tension drops. In both cases, the current can be the appropriate one Commute time.
- the resistance curve at this point in time rises steeply and remains at resistance values which are substantially greater than 100 m ⁇ for about 300 ⁇ s.
- the limiter resistance returns to a low-resistance value of about 15 m ⁇ and finally drops to its initial value.
- FIG. 4a shows the time profile of the Limiter resistor according to the prior art as Graph 41 shown.
- the limiter After its voltage pulse has subsided, the limiter carries the reduced short-circuit current, which is caused by the partial electrical-mechanical contact of the surface electrodes on the resistance body.
- the sufficiently high arc voltage of the circuit breaker at this point prevents the current from rising again and the short circuit is switched off after a total duration of 3 ms.
- the profile layer 5 further heated and partially decomposed material, which builds up a significant gas pressure.
- the thermoplastic profile webs are formed according to FIG. 6d between the partial profile surfaces running parallel to the compressive force 12 of the electrodes 10 and the resistance body 1 contact surfaces, their effective contact force with the temperature of the resistance material and its thermal expansion increases and therefore at the end of Limiter voltage pulse to the observed low limiter resistance of about 15 m ⁇ . This process will supported by the fact that the parallel resistance of the Limiters temporarily takes over the total current and thereby the material decomposition on the resistance body 1 ended.
- thermoplastic resistance body 1 During the cooling time of the thermoplastic resistance body 1 of up to a few 100 ms is formed Surface profile under the action of force by the Pressed K profiled metal electrodes 10 and the limiter resistance returns to its initial value back.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
Description
- FIG. 1
- einen Limiter in Schnittdarstellung,
- FIG. 2
- die Draufsicht auf einen Limiter gemäß FIG. 1,
- FIG. 3
- die Ausbildung einer Flächenelektrode,
- FIG. 4
- in zwei Teilfiguren den Vergleich der Widerstandskurven des Limiters gemäß den FIG. 1 bis 3 mit dem Stand der Technik, die
- FIG. 5
- in Teilfiguren das Beispiel einer Kurzschlußabschaltung einer Reihenschaltung durch den Limiter gemäß den FIG. 1 bis 3 und die
- FIG. 6
- in Teilfiguren die Schaltphasen eines Limiters gemäß den FIG. 1 bis 3.
Claims (13)
- Limiter zur Strombegrenzung, der bei Überlast von einem niedrigen Widerstandswert zu einem hohen Widerstandswert wechselt, mit einem thermoplastischen Widerstandskörper und metallischen Flächenelektroden zur Kontaktgabe, gekennzeichnet durch die Kombination folgender Merkmale:die metallischen Flächenelektroden (10) besitzen an ihrer dem thermoplastischen Widerstandskörper (1) zugewandten Seite (11) ein Oberflächenprofil (15), bei dem Profilteilflächen teilweise parallel zur Ebene der Flächenelektrode (10) verlaufen,der thermoplastische Widerstandskörper (1) hat an seinen den metallischen Flächenelektroden (10) zugewandten Seiten (2, 3) ein komplementäres Oberflächenprofil (5),die Flächenelektroden (10) und der Widerstandskörper (1) sind mechanisch nicht lösbar miteinander verbunden,die Flächenelektroden (10) und der Widerstandskörper (1) werden durch eine Druckkraft (K) zusammengepreßt, die in Abhängigkeit von der Orientierung der Profilteilflächen unterschiedliche Wirkungen hat,bei Überlast zwischen den kontaktgebenden Profilteilflächen der Flächenelektroden (10) und dem Widerstandskörper (1), insbesondere an den parallel zur Ebene der Flächenelektrode (10) verlaufenden Profilteilflächen, eine Gasentladung entsteht undbei Abklingen der Überlast vorübergehend die Kontaktgabe ausschließlich über die nicht parallel zur Ebene der Flächenelektrode verlaufenden Profilteilflächen verläuft.
- Limiter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Oberflächenprofil (15) des Widerstandskörpers (1) durch thermische Anformung an die metallischen Flächenelektroden (10) erfolgt.
- Limiter nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Oberflächenprofil (5, 15) eine Rechteckstruktur aufweist.
- Limiter nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Stegbreite (b) und Steghöhe (h) des Oberflächenprofils (5, 15) zwischen 0,1 mm und 1 mm liegen, vorzugsweise bei Werten von 0,3 bis 0,6 mm.
- Limiter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Oberflächenprofil (15) einen Neigungswinkel gegen die Oberfläche (11) hat.
- Limiter nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Oberflächenprofil (5, 15) eine konische Form hat.
- Limiter nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Widerstandskörper (1) aus thermoplastischem Material mit einer leitfähigen Materialkomponente besteht.
- Limiter nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß des thermoplastische Material Polyethylen und die leitfähige Materialkomponente Graphit ist.
- Limiter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flächenelektroden (10) aus elektrisch und thermisch gut leitendem Material bestehen.
- Limiter nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flächenelektroden (10) aus Kupfer mit versilberter Oberfläche bestehen.
- Limiter nach einen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Widerstandselement vorgesehen ist, das parallel zu dem thermoplastischen Widerstandskörper (1) und den Flächenelektroden (10) geschaltet ist.
- Limiter nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Widerstandselement ein ohmscher Widerstand ist.
- Limiter nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Widerstandselement ein nichtlinearer, spannungsabhängiger Widerstand ist, dessen Widerstand mit der angelegten Spannung sinkt.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4330607 | 1993-09-09 | ||
DE4330607A DE4330607A1 (de) | 1993-09-09 | 1993-09-09 | Limiter zur Strombegrenzung |
PCT/DE1994/000986 WO1995007540A1 (de) | 1993-09-09 | 1994-08-26 | Limiter zur strombegrenzung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0717876A1 EP0717876A1 (de) | 1996-06-26 |
EP0717876B1 true EP0717876B1 (de) | 1998-03-25 |
Family
ID=6497296
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94924694A Expired - Lifetime EP0717876B1 (de) | 1993-09-09 | 1994-08-26 | Limiter zur strombegrenzung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5793278A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0717876B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4330607A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995007540A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10118746B4 (de) * | 2001-04-17 | 2004-06-24 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Schaltgerätes mit einem zuschaltbaren Strombegrenzer und zugehörige Anordnung |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5614881A (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 1997-03-25 | General Electric Company | Current limiting device |
JPH10312905A (ja) * | 1997-01-02 | 1998-11-24 | General Electric Co <Ge> | 電流制限装置 |
DE19803919A1 (de) * | 1997-02-10 | 1998-08-13 | Gen Electric | Stromunterdrückungs- Schaltereinheit für Induktionsmotorschutz |
US5929744A (en) * | 1997-02-18 | 1999-07-27 | General Electric Company | Current limiting device with at least one flexible electrode |
US6535103B1 (en) | 1997-03-04 | 2003-03-18 | General Electric Company | Current limiting arrangement and method |
US5977861A (en) * | 1997-03-05 | 1999-11-02 | General Electric Company | Current limiting device with grooved electrode structure |
US6191681B1 (en) | 1997-07-21 | 2001-02-20 | General Electric Company | Current limiting device with electrically conductive composite and method of manufacturing the electrically conductive composite |
US5867356A (en) * | 1997-11-05 | 1999-02-02 | General Electric Company | Current limiting system and method |
US6373372B1 (en) | 1997-11-24 | 2002-04-16 | General Electric Company | Current limiting device with conductive composite material and method of manufacturing the conductive composite material and the current limiting device |
US6128168A (en) | 1998-01-14 | 2000-10-03 | General Electric Company | Circuit breaker with improved arc interruption function |
US6133820A (en) * | 1998-08-12 | 2000-10-17 | General Electric Company | Current limiting device having a web structure |
US6144540A (en) | 1999-03-09 | 2000-11-07 | General Electric Company | Current suppressing circuit breaker unit for inductive motor protection |
US6157286A (en) | 1999-04-05 | 2000-12-05 | General Electric Company | High voltage current limiting device |
US6323751B1 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2001-11-27 | General Electric Company | Current limiter device with an electrically conductive composite material and method of manufacturing |
US7362207B2 (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2008-04-22 | Eaton Corporation | Electrical switching apparatus and limiter including trip indicator member |
US7558040B2 (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2009-07-07 | Eaton Corporation | Trip indicator member, and limiter and electrical switching apparatus including a plurality of trip indicator members |
EP3087572B1 (de) * | 2014-02-26 | 2020-11-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Elektrisches bauelement |
Family Cites Families (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2785316A (en) * | 1943-10-07 | 1957-03-12 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electro-optical system |
DE845076C (de) * | 1950-10-05 | 1952-07-28 | Karl H Dr-Ing Reiss | Kontaktanordnung, insbesondere fuer elektrische Musikinstrumente |
US3243753A (en) * | 1962-11-13 | 1966-03-29 | Kohler Fred | Resistance element |
US3249810A (en) * | 1962-11-20 | 1966-05-03 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Circuit interrupting apparatus |
DE1665880C3 (de) * | 1967-02-23 | 1975-12-18 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Keramischer elektrischer Widerstand mit positivem Temperaturkoeffizienten des Widerstandswertes und sperrschichtfreien Kontaktbelegungen sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
US3835434A (en) * | 1973-06-04 | 1974-09-10 | Sprague Electric Co | Ptc resistor package |
US3914727A (en) * | 1974-01-02 | 1975-10-21 | Sprague Electric Co | Positive-temperature-coefficient-resistor package |
CH581377A5 (de) * | 1975-02-11 | 1976-10-29 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | |
US4426339B1 (en) * | 1976-12-13 | 1993-12-21 | Raychem Corp. | Method of making electrical devices comprising conductive polymer compositions |
US4377541A (en) * | 1978-08-21 | 1983-03-22 | General Electric Company | Process for preparing low voltage varistors |
US4314230A (en) * | 1980-07-31 | 1982-02-02 | Raychem Corporation | Devices comprising conductive polymers |
GB2090710B (en) * | 1980-12-26 | 1984-10-03 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Thermistor heating device |
JPS6048201U (ja) * | 1983-09-09 | 1985-04-04 | ティーディーケイ株式会社 | 正特性サ−ミスタ装置 |
US4689475A (en) * | 1985-10-15 | 1987-08-25 | Raychem Corporation | Electrical devices containing conductive polymers |
KR910003403B1 (ko) * | 1986-08-12 | 1991-05-30 | 미쯔보시 벨트 가부시끼가이샤 | 열적 고무 조성물 |
JPS6387703A (ja) * | 1986-09-30 | 1988-04-19 | 日本メクトロン株式会社 | Ptc素子 |
JPS63312601A (ja) * | 1987-06-15 | 1988-12-21 | Tdk Corp | 導電性重合体ptc抵抗素子及びその製造方法 |
JPH01143203A (ja) * | 1987-11-27 | 1989-06-05 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 有機正特性サーミスタ |
JPH01257304A (ja) * | 1988-04-06 | 1989-10-13 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 有機正特性サーミスタ |
SE465524B (sv) * | 1990-02-08 | 1991-09-23 | Asea Brown Boveri | Anordning foer oeverlast- och kortslutningsskydd i elektriska anlaeggningar |
US5382938A (en) * | 1990-10-30 | 1995-01-17 | Asea Brown Boveri Ab | PTC element |
DE4228297A1 (de) * | 1992-08-26 | 1994-03-03 | Siemens Ag | Veränderbarer Hochstromwiderstand, insbes. zur Anwendung als Schutzelement in der Leistungsschalttechnik, und Schaltung unter Verwendung des Hochstromwiderstandes |
US5379022A (en) * | 1993-05-03 | 1995-01-03 | Fluke Corporation | Thermistor device with extended operating range |
-
1993
- 1993-09-09 DE DE4330607A patent/DE4330607A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-08-26 DE DE59405539T patent/DE59405539D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-26 WO PCT/DE1994/000986 patent/WO1995007540A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1994-08-26 US US08/605,224 patent/US5793278A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-26 EP EP94924694A patent/EP0717876B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10118746B4 (de) * | 2001-04-17 | 2004-06-24 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Schaltgerätes mit einem zuschaltbaren Strombegrenzer und zugehörige Anordnung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5793278A (en) | 1998-08-11 |
DE4330607A1 (de) | 1995-03-16 |
DE59405539D1 (de) | 1998-04-30 |
EP0717876A1 (de) | 1996-06-26 |
WO1995007540A1 (de) | 1995-03-16 |
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