EP0717158A2 - System of constructional volumes for the erection of buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has modules of equal height, which form rectangular rooms and also act as supporting structures, and which are made of steel reinforced concrete, or a similar material. The modules each have a floor, a ceiling, and at least three walls. At least one wall has a gap for a door, and this or at least one other wall has a gap for a window. Longitudinal (30) and transverse (30') bars are embedded in the floor and the ceiling, and their ends project from gaps (31') in the edges of these. Tensile anchors (37) can be attached to the projecting ends, in order to connect neighbouring modules, facing elements (22), or balconies.

Description

The invention relates to a room building block system for the construction of buildings with at least one room, the room-forming and static function fulfilling room building blocks each having the same height of reinforced concrete or the like.

From DE-AS 1 759 242 a set of components intended for the construction of buildings with space-forming and also the function of the supporting structure in the building structure from large reinforced concrete components is already known. These large components each form a rectangular hollow profile open on both side surfaces in the manner of space disks. The set of components comprises several standard sizes of such space disks, each of the same height and depth, but of different lengths. These room panes can be set up or installed next to each other or at right angles to one another and are intended to enable a large number of floor plans both in residential construction and in commercial construction with merging rooms of different sizes. The required openings should be through the open side surfaces and by shifting different types of room panes against each other, for which reason the wall areas of the room panes have neither doors nor windows.

The previously known component set enables the rational erection of single or multi-storey shell structures by juxtaposing or stacking the space panes, but appears unsatisfactory insofar as considerable structural measures are required after the construction of such shell structures to a finished building, which must be carried out conventionally. Also, for example, the open cross-sections in the outer area of the outer space panes of a shell are to be concealed by other known assembly elements, such as window, balcony door and parapet elements.

From DE-PS 34 26 119 a set of components for the construction of buildings is also known, which comprises space-forming and statically load-bearing elements in the form of rectangular cross-sections having hollow profiles, each with two mutually parallel walls and a floor and ceiling plate, special end pieces and at least one light element . The end parts are a front element with at least one hinged folding door and the end element is provided with a rear wall and is accordingly box-shaped. In the simplest case, structures can be created from the two end elements, the folding gate being at least partially made of translucent material for exposure. When several elements are lined up, light elements can be inserted between all or some neighboring elements, which provide an exposure of the space enclosed by the elements.

This set of components is aimed exclusively at the construction of functional buildings, in particular commercial buildings, and is not suitable, for example, for the construction of residential buildings, hotels or administrative buildings.

On the basis of the prior art explained above, the invention has for its object to provide a modular building block system that enables the rational construction of buildings for a wide variety of purposes and with varied floor plans in one or multi-storey construction.

This object is achieved in that in the room building block system according to the preamble of claim 1, the room building blocks are designed as rectangular room cells with a ceiling and at least three walls in each case, that at least one door opening and this wall and / or at least one in at least one wall other wall has at least one window recess, that in the floor slab and in the ceiling embedded longitudinal and cross bars protrude with their ends in marginal recesses in the floor slab and the ceiling and that for connecting adjacent building blocks with each other and / or for anchoring front facade elements and / or tie rods for connecting in front of standing balcony slabs can be connected to the protruding ends of the longitudinal and cross bars.

The room building block system according to the invention thus comprises room building blocks of the same height, the walls of which, depending on the particular purpose, are provided with door and / or window recesses, either individually or in a level that can be set up next to one another or to be able to see multi-story buildings are. These building blocks can be used for the erection of single or multi-room buildings and equipped with means for connecting neighboring building blocks with each other and / or for attaching facade elements in the area of the outer walls or for connecting protruding balcony slabs. The construction of such structures is reduced at the construction site to the erection of the building blocks required for the respective building, in the case of buildings constructed from several building blocks, the connection of these building blocks with one another and the attachment of facade elements, optionally equipped with thermal insulation, to the outer walls and, if necessary, the anchoring of any desired balcony slabs , The ends of the longitudinal and transverse rods projecting into the above-mentioned recesses in the base plate and ceiling serve as anchoring means, to which special tie rods can be connected.

According to a sensible development of the invention, the door and window recesses in the walls of the room modules are arranged selectively according to their position and size depending on the intended use of the respective room module, and are therefore easily adaptable to the requirements of the respective application.

Analogously, the same provides another useful further development of the invention, according to which the interiors of the room modules are subdivided according to the respective intended purpose, and if necessary interspersed with door openings.

The ceilings of the have also proven to be useful To provide room modules with edging projecting all the way around the ceiling level, so that when modules are arranged one above the other, spaces are created between them, in which, for example, supply lines can be laid. According to another further development, the base plates are designed in a cassette-like manner with ribs projecting on the underside, and these ribs can be perforated by channels which run transversely to the longitudinal extension of the building blocks and through which the spaces mentioned can also be accessed after the completion of a building.

According to a particularly important embodiment of the invention, the room module system comprises at least two room module types of the same length, but different widths, and at least one further room module type with a different length, but the same width as one of the first-mentioned room module types.

The building block system according to the invention is therefore concerned with the fact that room building block types of the same length, but possibly of different widths, can be allocated side by side to create multi-room buildings, but also in the interest of greater room depths. Especially with the frontal assignment of the same width, but different lengths of room modules, there are many possible variations in the layout. It is of particular interest that the individual types of building blocks can be varied in terms of the door and / or window recesses to be provided, so that, without prejudice to a naturally necessary limitation of the number of types of building blocks to be used, the building block system according to the invention enables the construction of structures which largely meet Are adaptable to the needs of the respective application.

As part of a useful further development, the floor panels can also be provided with trapezoids protruding on the edge, for example for load-bearing facade elements placed on the outside of the wall. The tie rods that can be connected to the ends of the longitudinal and cross bars embedded in the floor slabs and ceilings of the building blocks then only have the function of retaining anchors.

Another important embodiment of the invention provides that the room modules each consist of at least one prefabricated base plate and at least one likewise prefabricated hollow body which has the ceiling and walls and is connected to the base plate. Such a structure of the room modules has proven to be rational in terms of production technology and thus inexpensive. If the building blocks have a large width, according to a further development, the base plate and the hollow body can each consist of two prefabricated parts which are joined in a dividing joint running in the longitudinal direction of the building blocks or can only be joined at the construction site.

Another further development of this embodiment provides that the base plates and the hollow bodies connected to them are provided with recesses extending in alignment with one another from the contact surfaces into the base plates and hollow body walls, and in the latter connecting rods extending over the contact surfaces with the formation of casting gaps poured out with casting compound. After the casting gaps have been poured into the casting compound, these connecting rods provide a permanently secure connection between the floor slabs and hollow bodies which have been assembled into a room module.

In the interest of a simple connection of the base plates to the hollow bodies, the hollow body walls can expediently be provided with an access opening in the region of the vertically extending recesses for the connecting rods, and these access openings can be arranged at a distance from the contact surfaces between the base plates and the hollow body walls, for example corresponds to the extent to which the connecting rods protrude into the hollow body walls after encapsulation with casting compound. Furthermore, on the side facing the hollow body ceiling, the recesses should each extend at least by an amount equal to the length of the connecting rods via the access recesses and the connecting rods should be received and held in these recess sections until the hollow body walls are placed on the respective base plate. After placing a hollow body in the correct position on a base plate to be connected to it, all that is then required is the release of the holding pins, so that they fall downward into the corresponding recesses in the base plate and protrude into the hollow body walls with protruding sections over the contact surfaces, and the pouring the potting column with potting compound to connect the connecting rods with both the base plate and the hollow body walls and thus the latter firmly together. In addition, the Base plates are connected to the hollow body walls by adhesive joints.

Likewise, a further development of the invention provides that the room modules are equipped with channels for installations, electrical lines and the like, each running in the base plate and in the walls extending between this and the ceiling. The installation channels can extend in the base plate parallel to the lateral longitudinal walls and can be designed, at least in sections, as channels open to the interior and closable by means of covers. Frontal access to these installation ducts should be ensured by end openings in the base plates. In order to also ensure the accessibility of the installation ducts from below, perforations arranged at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction can extend through the base plate from the bottom of the installation ducts.

Expediently, vertical cable ducts are also arranged in the walls of the building blocks at a distance from one another, which rise from the contact surfaces with the respective base plate from wall recesses on the inside of the room and thus allow electrical installations to be laid in the simplest possible way.

According to another extremely important development, at least in the corner areas of the building blocks, transport sleeves with an internal thread, anchored from the ceiling, are anchored in the walls, into which transport eyelets can be screwed in in a simple manner, which enable the building blocks to be picked up by means of suitable lifting devices.

Likewise, wall recesses can be provided at least in the corner areas of the building blocks adjacent to the respective floor slab and anchoring centering sleeves anchored in the walls to these wall recesses and in alignment with each centering sleeve a vertical recess intended for receiving a height adjustment bolt can extend through the floor slab.

Expediently, a vertically extending anchor rod can also be embedded in the walls in the corner areas of the building blocks, and a transport sleeve and a centering sleeve can be firmly connected to the distant ends of the anchor rods.

When creating multi-storey buildings with room modules arranged one above the other, height adjustment bolts can be screwed into the transport sleeves of the lower room modules and these height adjustment bolts penetrate the base plate of the upper room module in alignment with the centering sleeve assigned to this corner area after stacking the room modules. Depending on the screw-in depth of the respective height adjustment bolt, the respective upper room module is accommodated in the area of a centering sleeve on the upper ends of these height adjustment bolts and the height can be adjusted by screwing the height adjustment bolts more or less deeply.

In addition, room blocks intended for multi-storey buildings can have recesses that extend vertically from the ceiling into the walls and flush recesses that penetrate the floor slabs and into the area of wall recesses range, be provided, which are intended for receiving special connecting rods. These recesses can advantageously be aligned with the cable ducts running in the walls, the recesses in the base plates extending to the wall recesses on the underside of the cable ducts.

In multi-storey buildings with stacked building blocks, special connecting rods are formed in the recesses that extend from the ceiling into the walls of the lower building block and through the floor slab of the upper room building block, forming casting gaps, and are fixed to the walls and floor slab by encapsulation with casting compound connected. These connecting rods, which extend over the separating joint of the building blocks placed on top of one another, ensure precise positioning of the building blocks standing one above the other.

Fig. 1

einen in Stahlbetonausführung als kubischer Hohlkörper mit Tür- und Fensteraussparungen ausgebildeten Raumbaustein in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,

Fig. 2

Grundrisse verschiedener Schalungsmaschinen zum Herstellen von Raumbausteinen unterschiedlicher Typen mit variierbaren Tür- und Fensteraussparungen und ebenfals variierbaren Zwischenwänden,

Fig. 3

Grundrisse verschiedener Raumbausteintypen,

Fig. 4.1 bis 4.3

Grundrißansichten von Einraumwohnunen als Verwendungsbeispiele einiger Raumbausteintypen nach Fig. 3,

Fig. 5

einen Raumbaustein des Typs R6 in Fig. 3 mit einer allseitigen Wärmedämmung und vorgesetzten Fassadenelementen,

Fig. 6

einen Raumbaustein mit einer über ein Stirnende vorstehenden Balkonplatte und einer vorgesetzten Fassade mit Wärmedämmung am anderen Stirnende in einer seitlichen Ansicht,

Fig. 7

eine Draufsicht auf die Decke des in Fig. 6 veranschaulichten Raumbausteins bei Weglassung der Balkonplatte und der am anderen Stirnende vorgesetzten Fassade,

Fig. 8

im Ausschnitt aus Fig. 6 eine denkbare Deckenausbildung mit einer umlaufenden Aufkantung,

Fig. 9

den Raumbaustein nach Fig. 6 in einer stirnseitigen Ansicht gemäß Pfeil IX in Fig. 6,

Fig. 10

die Verankerung der dem Raumbaustein gemäß Fig. 6 vorgesetzten Fassade in einem der Schnittlinie X-X in Fig. 7 entsprechenden Vertikalschnitt,

Fig. 11

in einem der Schnittlinie XI-XI in Fig. 10 entsprechenden Horizontalschnitt die Verankerung der dem Raumbaustein stirnseitig und an einer Längsseite vorgesetzten Fassade,

Fig. 12

einen der Schnittlinie XII-XII in Fig. 6 entsprechenden Horizontalschnitt durch den in dieser Figur dargestellten Raumbaustein bei Weglassung der an einem Stirnende auskragenden Balkonplatte,

Fig. 13

wie in Fig. 10 einen Horizontalschnitt durch den Raumbaustein gemäß Fig. 6, jedoch mit an beiden Stirnenden auskragenden Balkonplatten,

Fig. 14

eine vergrößerte Ansicht des Ausschnittes gemäß Ziff. XIV aus Fig. 13,

Fig. 15

eine Detailansicht gemäß Pfeil XV in Fig. 14,

Fig. 16

eine Detailansicht gemäß Pfeil XVI in Fig. 14,

Fig. 17

in einer der Schnittlinie XVII-XVII in Fig. 14 entsprechenden Ansicht die vertikale Verbindung übereinander angeordneter Raumbausteine,

Fig. 18

ein unter Verwendung erfindungsgemäßer Raumbausteine errichtetes zweigeschossiges Einfamilienhaus mit Giebeldach in einer Ansicht schräg von vorn,

Fig. 19

das Einfamilienhaus gemäß Fig. 18 mit Flachdach in einer Ansicht schräg von hinten,

Fig. 20

einen Erdgeschoßgrundriß des in den Fig. 18 und 19 gezeigten Einfamilienhauses,

Fig. 21

den Obergeschoßgrundriß des in den Fig. 18 und 19 veranschaulichten Einfamilienhauses,

Fig. 22

zwei für die Erstellung eines Reihenhausgeschosses bestimmte Raumbausteine unmittelbar vor dem Zusammenfügen in Grundrißansichten und

Fig. 23

den Grundriß einer Reihenhausanlage mit sechs nebeneinander angeordneten zweigeschossigen Reihenhäusern, deren Geschosse jeweils aus zwei stirnendig aneinandergefügten Raumbausteinen der in Fig. 22 veranschaulichten Typen aufgebaut sind.

Various embodiments of the room modules according to the invention and their intended use in the construction of structures and structures constructed in this way are to be explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Schematic views show:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a room block made of reinforced concrete as a cubic hollow body with door and window recesses,

Fig. 2

Floor plans of different formwork machines for the production of building blocks of different types with variable door and window recesses and also variable partition walls,

Fig. 3

Floor plans of different types of building blocks,

Fig. 4.1 to 4.3

Floor plan views of one-room apartments as examples of use of some room module types according to FIG. 3,

Fig. 5

3 with an all-round thermal insulation and front facade elements,

Fig. 6

a building block with a balcony slab protruding from one end and a front facade with thermal insulation at the other end in a side view,

Fig. 7

6 shows a plan view of the ceiling of the building block illustrated in FIG. 6 when the balcony slab and the facade placed at the other end are omitted,

Fig. 8

6 a conceivable ceiling design with a circumferential upstand,

Fig. 9

6 in an end view according to arrow IX in FIG. 6,

Fig. 10

6 the anchoring of the facade placed in front of the building block according to FIG. 6 in a vertical section corresponding to section line XX in FIG. 7,

Fig. 11

in a horizontal section corresponding to the section line XI-XI in FIG. 10, the anchoring the facade in front of the building block and on one long side,

Fig. 12

6 a horizontal section corresponding to the section line XII-XII in FIG. 6 through the room module shown in this figure when the balcony slab projecting at one end is omitted,

Fig. 13

10 shows a horizontal section through the room module according to FIG. 6, but with balcony slabs protruding on both ends,

Fig. 14

an enlarged view of the section according to para. XIV of Fig. 13,

Fig. 15

14 shows a detailed view according to arrow XV in FIG. 14,

Fig. 16

14 shows a detailed view according to arrow XVI in FIG. 14,

Fig. 17

in a view corresponding to the section line XVII-XVII in FIG. 14, the vertical connection of stacked building blocks,

Fig. 18

a two-storey single-family house with a gable roof built using the inventive building blocks in an oblique view from the front,

Fig. 19

18 with a flat roof in a view obliquely from behind,

Fig. 20

a ground floor plan of the single family house shown in Figs. 18 and 19,

Fig. 21

18 and 19, the upper floor plan of the single-family house illustrated,

Fig. 22

two room blocks intended for the creation of a row house floor immediately before the assembly in plan views and

Fig. 23

the floor plan of a row house system with six adjacent two-storey row houses, the floors of which are each constructed from two end-to-end building blocks of the types illustrated in FIG. 22.

The room module 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 is a cubic structure made of reinforced concrete with a rectangular plan, which consists of a one-piece base plate 11 and a five-sided closed hollow body 12 which is also made in one piece. The hollow body 12 comprises two longitudinal walls 13, 13 'and two end walls 14, 14' and a ceiling 15 and is accommodated in the manner to be described below on the base plate 11 and firmly connected to it. Furthermore, the two opposite end walls 14, 14 'are provided with window cutouts 16 and in a front wall of a door recess 17.

The building block system according to the invention comprises, by means of the formwork machines schematically shown in plan views in FIG. 2, building blocks of the type shown by way of example in FIG. 3, each of which consists of a base plate and a plate and thereon attached five-sided closed hollow body. These room modules have different, but coordinated dimensions as well as two side and end walls and a ceiling. Window and door recesses can be variably arranged in the walls and intermediate walls can be variably arranged according to the respective purposes.

FIG. 2 shows a selection of five formwork machines, each in right and left design, which are designated S1 right / S1 left to S5 right / S5 left, and a formwork machine designated S6. These formwork machines are used to manufacture the room module types R1R / R1L to R5R / R5L and R6 shown by way of example in FIG. 3. All room modules have the same height and types R1 to R4 and R6 have the same length, whereas type R5 has half the length of the other types. The right-left versions of the respective type have the same width, as do the types R3, R4 and R5. The widths of the room modules increase from type R1 to R2 and R3 by predetermined dimensional jumps up to type R6. The window and door recesses in the walls of the building blocks are variable and can be arranged according to the intended use by appropriately setting the formwork elements of the formwork machines.

In the room modules of types R1 and R2, the floor slabs and the hollow bodies with five-sided walls are each made in one piece. In view of the larger width of the room building block types R3 to R5, these can be formed in two parts, that is to say from one that is divided in the longitudinal direction and subsequently assembled base plate and also two hollow parts made in the longitudinal direction and subsequently joined together. In view of its larger width, the R6 room module is basically divided lengthways. Type R6 can also be the composition of types R1R and R1L, each with one longitudinal wall omitted. All types of building blocks have in common that door and window openings can be arranged variably according to the respective purposes and that variable partition walls with door recesses can also be provided.

The one-room apartments illustrated in FIGS. 4.1 to 4.3, which are constructed using different types of room building blocks according to FIG. 2 and are each equipped with sanitary facilities and a kitchenette, clearly show the versatility of the room building block system according to the invention.

For example, the one-room apartment shown in Fig. 4.1 is based on the type R1R with a different partition wall compared to Fig. 3 and also varied door and window recesses. The one-room apartment according to Fig. 4.2 is based on the building block type R2R with partition walls that have also been changed compared to Fig. 3 and also modified door and window recesses. 4.3, on the other hand, the room module type R3R is used, which, in contrast to Fig. 3, has partition walls and modified door and window recesses.

The one-room apartment shown in FIG. 5 without interior fittings is the one with respect to the retracted partitions 18 with door recesses 19 slightly varied room module of the type R6 according to FIG. 3, which is provided on the outside with a heat insulation layer 20 and a front facade elements 22, 22 'made of weather-resistant material, such as concrete slabs. This view corresponds to the side view according to FIG. 6, which, however, shows a room module equipped with a balcony plate 24 protruding from the base plate 11 on the end face. The ceiling 15 is provided with a raised edge 25 which extends all the way around the ceiling level.

It is characteristic of the system according to the invention that the building blocks are provided with all connection means for connecting the floor panels to the five-sided hollow bodies and for anchoring the outer facade elements and for connecting adjacent or stacked building blocks when creating single or multi-storey structures, but also with cutouts to establish the necessary connections and with all channels for the installation of installation lines.

6 and 9 are in the walls in each case from the base plate 11 vertically upward extending and about three-fourths of the room height reaching cable channels 26 with underside wall recesses 27 and means 28 to be explained in more detail below for firmly connecting the walls of the hollow body with the Base plate indicated. 7 are indicated in the ceiling in the longitudinal and transverse main connecting rods 30, 30 ', which end in the area of marginal recesses 31, 31' and also in a manner to be described below the fixed connection neighboring room modules and in connection with support brackets 32 projecting from the base plate 11 enable the anchoring of the outer facade elements.

The anchoring of front facade elements 22, 22 'in the ceiling area is shown in particular in FIGS. 10 and 11. The longitudinal and transverse bars 30, 30' cast into the ceiling, offset in terms of height, which are indicated schematically in FIG. 7, are in recesses 31, 31 on the edge 'the ceiling 15 in front. These are rods with a thread profile at least in the region of the ends projecting into the edge-side ceiling recesses 31, 31 ', onto which eyelets 34 equipped with nuts are screwed. Tension anchors 37 are attached to these eyelets with tension nuts 35 and in turn connected to anchors 36 embedded in the front facade elements 22, 22 'and tightened by means of the tension nuts so that with the interposition of a heat insulation layer 20 applied on the outside of the walls of the building block, a two-shell wall structure is created .

The anchors shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 are holding anchors. The loads are taken up by means of supporting brackets 32 protruding from the respective base plate 11. This is shown in FIG. 17. Any gaps between the front and longitudinal wall-side thermal insulation 20 and facade elements 22, 22 'are, as shown in FIG. 11, in a simple manner with insulating material can be filled in and sealed with joint seals.

The fixed connection is made in the same way as the anchoring of facade elements by means of tie rods in a floor level adjacently arranged building blocks or also the connection of protruding balcony slabs 24, 24 'in the area of the floor slabs 11. For this purpose, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the floor slabs 11 with longitudinal and Cross bars 40, 40 'equipped, which can also be connected to each other or with corresponding anchorages of the balcony slabs provided with tension locks. In this respect, the balcony slabs are also provided with installation openings 41, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. Analogous to the anchoring of the facade elements illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11, a facade anchoring by means of tie rods in the area of the base plate 11 is shown in FIG. 17. In this case, the facade elements with brackets 42 protruding from their plane stand on support brackets 32 protruding from the end face of the base plate 11.

12 and 13 also show that the base plates 11 are provided with installation ducts 44 which run in the longitudinal direction of the plate and which extend on the inside from the longitudinal walls 13, 13 'of the hollow body connected to the base plate 11 and approximately in the middle of the base plate. These installation ducts 43 are open to the interior of the building block, but are provided with covers 44, and have recesses 45 which are spaced apart from one another in the direction of their longitudinal extensions and penetrate downward through the base plate.Finally, the installation ducts end in passages 46, which is illustrated in FIG. 16.

In particular from Fig. 17 is also the fixed connection of the separately manufactured base plates 11 with the Walls 13, 13 ', 14, 14' of the hollow body can be seen by means of special connecting rods 48. These connecting rods 48 are received in vertically running recesses 50 of the hollow body walls, each of which is accessible from the outside via an access opening 49, and are held in the position indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 17 when a hollow body is placed on the base plate after the said walls have been placed on prepared adhesive bed 51 of the base plate, however, is then lowered into recesses 52 of the base plate, which are in alignment with the respective recess 50 in the walls, so that part of each connecting rod still protrudes into the vertical recess of the associated hollow body wall. A firm connection is then made by filling the potting gap 53 surrounding the connecting rods with potting compound.

6 also shows that the base plates 11 are provided with channels 21 which run transversely to their longitudinal extension and which break through the ribs on the underside of the respective base plate and, for example, enable access to supply lines laid in or under the base plate. This measure is particularly important for multi-storey buildings.

The room modules according to the invention not only enable the construction of single-storey, but also multi-storey buildings, a room module 10 belonging to the next floor being accommodated on the ceiling 15 of a room module 10 assigned to a lower floor. The fixed connection in turn mediate special connecting rods 55, which are received in vertical recesses 56, 57, which extend in alignment with the cable ducts 26 in the hollow body walls through the respective base plate 11 and from the top of a basement room module into the side walls thereof. The potting gaps 58 surrounding these rods are in turn poured out with potting compound, thereby firmly interconnecting the superimposed building blocks.

Finally, at least in the corner regions of the hollow body walls, anchor rods 60 are cast in with a transport sleeve 61 with an internal thread that is accessible from the ceiling of the respective building block. For the transport of the building blocks, eyelets are screwed into the transport sleeves, which are firmly welded to the respective anchor rod 60 and enable the building blocks to be attached to suitable lifting devices.

As also shown in FIG. 17, the anchor rods 60 embedded at least in the corner areas of the building blocks in their hollow body walls end on the underside in wall recesses 62 and are each equipped with a centering sleeve 63 that is open toward the wall recess. Aligned with the respective anchor rod 60, vertical recesses 64 extend through the base plate 11, in which height adjustment bolts 65, which are screwed into the transport sleeves 61 of the space module on the underside, are received prior to the placement of the respective upper floor, forming casting gaps 66. These height adjustment bolts enable a height adjustment in such a way that the ones with theirs can be adjusted by potting the potting gaps 58 surrounding the special connecting rods 55 with potting compound before the fixed connection engage upper ends in the wall recesses 62 protruding height adjustment bolts 65 by more or less screwing them into the transport sleeve 61 of the lower space module receiving the bolts in the centering sleeves 63 open to the wall recesses mentioned, and within predetermined limits enables height adjustment of the respective upper space unit by the ends on the underside the anchor rods of the upper building block then stand on the height adjustment bolt 65. After the precise height adjustment, the casting gaps 66 surrounding the height adjustment bolts 65 and the casting gaps 58 of the connecting rods 55 are then filled with casting compound in the manner already explained above. After the casting compound has been poured and hardened, a firm connection of stacked building blocks is guaranteed.

18 and 19 illustrate two-storey single-family houses with gable roofs and flat roofs constructed by means of room modules according to the invention. The plan views according to FIGS. 20 and 21 show the structure of the two floors from the building blocks according to the invention and their sensible interior. The ground floor of these houses consists of two room blocks of types R3R and R3L that are joined together on the long side. The upper floor, on the other hand, is also made up of two room modules of types R4R and R3L joined together with their long sides. Analogously to FIG. 5, the single-family houses are equipped on the outside with thermal insulation layers and outer facade elements.

Fig. 22 illustrates the construction of a row house from end-to-end modular building blocks of the Types R3L and R5L in an exploded view, i.e. before joining the room modules. By pushing together the two aforementioned building blocks with their mutually facing end walls and firmly connecting them, row house systems of the type illustrated in FIG. 23 can be built up, each of such row houses being able to be arranged side by side in any number. 23, the individual terraced houses of the plant can also be arranged offset from one another.

Claims (24)

Room block system for the erection of buildings with at least one room, which comprises room-forming and also static function-fulfilling room blocks each of the same height made of reinforced concrete or the like,
characterized,
that the room modules (10) are designed as rectangular room cells each with a base plate (11), a ceiling (15) and at least three walls (13, 13 '; 14, 14'), that at least one door recess in at least one wall (17) and this wall and / or at least one other wall has at least one window recess (16) that longitudinal and transverse bars (30, 30 'and 40, 40' embedded in the base plate (11) and in the ceiling (15) ) protrude with their ends in recesses (31, 31 'or 39, 39') of the base plate (11) and ceiling (15) and that for connecting adjacent room modules (10) to each other and / or for anchoring front facade elements (22 , 22 ') and / or for connecting protruding balcony slabs (24, 24') to the projecting ends of the longitudinal and transverse rods tie rods (37) can be connected. Room building block system according to claim 1, characterized in that the door and window recesses (16, 17) are selectively arranged according to their position and size depending on the intended use of the respective room module (10). Room building block system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the interior spaces of the room building blocks (10) are subdivided by partition walls (18) which are arranged according to the respective purpose and which are optionally broken through by door recesses (19). Room building block system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ceilings (15) of the room building blocks (10) are provided with raised edges (25) which extend all the way around the ceiling level. Room building block system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the base plates (11) of the room building blocks (10) are designed in a cassette-like manner with ribs projecting on the underside. Room building block system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least two room building block types have the same lengths but different widths and that at least one further room building block type has a different length but the same width as one of the first-mentioned types. Room building block system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the base plates (11) are provided with supporting brackets (32) projecting on the edge for the load absorption of facade elements (22, 22 ') placed approximately on the outer wall side. Room building block system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the room building blocks (10) each consist of at least one prefabricated floor slab (11) and at least one likewise prefabricated, the ceiling (15) and walls (13, 13 '; 14, 14' ) and hollow body (12) connected to the base plate (11). Building block system according to claim 7, characterized in that in the case of building blocks having a large width, the base plate (11) and the hollow body (12) each consist of two prefabricated parts which are joined in a dividing joint running in the longitudinal direction of the building blocks. Building block system according to claim 9, characterized in that the floor panels (11) and the hollow bodies (12) connected to them are aligned with one another from the contact surfaces into the floor panels (11) and hollow body walls (13, 13 '; 14, 14') recesses (50, 52) extending into the latter and in the latter connecting rods (48) extending over the contact surfaces are received, forming casting gaps (53) poured out with casting compound. Room building block system according to claim 10, characterized in that the hollow body walls (13, 13 '; 14, 14') each have an access opening (49) in the region of the vertically extending recesses (50) for the connecting rods (48) and the latter in a distance from the contact surfaces between the base plates (11) and the hollow body walls (13, 13 '; 14, 14') is arranged, which corresponds approximately to the amount by which the connecting rods (48) after casting with potting compound protrude into the hollow body walls (13, 13 '; 14, 14') so that the recesses (50) on the side facing the hollow body ceiling (15) each have a dimension at least equal to the length of the connecting rods (48) via the access openings (49 ) continue and that until the hollow body walls (13, 13 '; 14, 14') are placed on the base plates (11), the connecting rods (48) are received and held in the sections of the said recesses (50) pointing towards the hollow body ceiling (15) are. Room building block system according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the floor plates (11) are connected to the hollow body walls (13, 13 '; 14, 14') by means of adhesive joints (51). Room building block system according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the room building blocks with channels (26, 43) for installations, electrical lines and in each case running in the base plate (11) and in the hollow body walls (13, 13 '; 14, 14') the like are equipped. Interior building block system according to Claim 13, characterized in that installation channels (43) which are open at least in sections to the interior and can be closed by means of covers (44) extend in the base plate parallel to the hollow body walls (13, 13 '). Room building block system according to claim 14, characterized in that the floor plates (11) in the area of the installation ducts (43) are provided with openings (46) on the end face. Room building block system according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that openings (45) spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction extend from the base of the installation ducts (43) through the base plate (11). Room building block system according to claim 13, characterized in that in the hollow body walls (13, 13 '; 14, 14') cable channels (26) which are spaced apart from one another are arranged and which extend from the contact surfaces between the hollow body walls (13, 13 '; 14, 14') ) and the base plate (11) from the wall recesses (27) on the inside of the room. Room building block system according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that at least in the corner areas of the room building blocks (10) transport sleeves (61) with an internal thread accessible from their ceiling are anchored in the walls (13, 13 '; 14, 14'). Room block system according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that wall recesses (62) are provided at least in the corner areas of the room blocks (10) adjacent to the respective base plate (11) and in the walls (13, 13 '; 14, 14') to these wall recesses (62) open centering sleeves (63) are anchored and that in alignment with each centering sleeve (63) one for receiving a height adjustment bolt (65), which is installed on a foundation or a room module (10) of a lower floor supports, certain vertical recess (64) extends through the base plate (11). Room building block system according to claims 18 and 19, characterized in that an anchor rod (60) is embedded in the walls (13, 13 '; 14, 14') in the corner areas of the room modules (10) and a transport sleeve (61) with the ends of the anchor rods (60) which are at a distance from one another and a centering sleeve (62) is firmly connected. Room building block system according to claim 20, characterized in that when creating multi-storey buildings with room building blocks (10) arranged one above the other, height adjustment bolts can each be screwed into the transport sleeves (61) of the lower room building blocks (65) and the floor slab (11) after the room building blocks (10) have been placed one above the other. of the upper building block in the recess (64), which is arranged in the respective corner area in alignment with the centering sleeve assigned to this corner area, and allow a height adjustment of the upper room building block by screwing it more or less deeply into the receiving transport sleeve (61) of the lower building block. Room building block system according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that room building blocks (10) for multi-storey buildings are provided with recesses (57) extending vertically into the walls from the ceiling (15) and thus aligning the floor slabs (11) up to have recesses (56) for the reception of special connecting rods (55) in the area of wall recesses (27). Building block system according to claim 22, characterized in that the recesses (56, 57) for receiving the connecting rods (58) are aligned with the Wall-running cable ducts (26) are arranged and that the recesses (57) in the base plates extend to the wall recesses (27) on the underside of the cable ducts (26). Room block system according to one of claims 21 or 22, characterized in that in the case of multi-storey buildings with stacked room blocks (10) in the walls (13, 13 '; 14, 14') of the respective lower room block from the ceiling (15) (10) and through the base plate (11) of the upper building block extending recesses (56, 57) the joint between the overlapping building blocks bridging connecting rods (58) with the formation of potting columns (58) and the building blocks by casting the connecting rods with potting compound firmly together are connected.

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