EP0716561B1 - Röntgen-Gerät mit einer Einheit für die Leistungsversorgung einer Röntgenröhre - Google Patents
Röntgen-Gerät mit einer Einheit für die Leistungsversorgung einer Röntgenröhre Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0716561B1 EP0716561B1 EP95203284A EP95203284A EP0716561B1 EP 0716561 B1 EP0716561 B1 EP 0716561B1 EP 95203284 A EP95203284 A EP 95203284A EP 95203284 A EP95203284 A EP 95203284A EP 0716561 B1 EP0716561 B1 EP 0716561B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- inverters
- voltage
- ray apparatus
- windings
- primary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
- H05G1/08—Electrical details
- H05G1/10—Power supply arrangements for feeding the X-ray tube
- H05G1/20—Power supply arrangements for feeding the X-ray tube with high-frequency ac; with pulse trains
Definitions
- the invention relates to an X-ray device according to the preamble of claim 1
- Such an X-ray device is known from DE-OS 32 18 535.
- the known X-ray equipment could also use symmetrical x-ray tubes with a metal piston be fed, in which the cathode current is greater than the anode current. This sets an asymmetrical power distribution between the two inverters ahead, which is disruptive Compensating currents in the transformer would result if not would prevent the transformer from windings from different groups are weakly coupled compared to windings from the same group.
- the well-known X-ray device whose inverter as equipped with thyristors Series resonance inverters are designed, allows the unbalanced Power distribution through delayed switching on of the switching elements from the two Inverters.
- the power is changed by changing the frequency, with which the two inverters are operated.
- the supplied power With an X-ray generator, the supplied power but can be changed by several powers of ten, which is a requires a correspondingly large frequency change. But it is not possible avoid that the X-ray device is operated in the hearing frequency range, which leads to audible and annoying operating noise leads and also an undesirably high Ripple of the output voltage.
- Another disadvantage is that at Setting different voltages the inverters through different Switching currents are loaded, which results in this mode of operation Performance restriction results.
- the object of the present invention is an arrangement of the type mentioned continue to improve. This object is achieved by the in claim 1 specified measures solved.
- the duty cycle is the ratio of the pulse duration of the voltage pulses supplied by the inverters to the primary windings Period of the fixed frequency with which the inverters are switched designated.
- the operation with a fixed frequency has the advantage that this frequency is chosen can be that it lies above the hearing frequency range, so that no disturbing Operating noises occur.
- the power setting by changing the duty cycle has the Advantage that in a working point with a constant current of the consumer largely linear relationship between the output voltage (at the Secondary windings) and the duty cycle, what a higher-level control is cheap.
- the duty cycle of the two inverters is indeed can still be controlled independently of one another, however the voltage pulses are in kind of synchronized. Basically, it would then be possible, for example, to The leading edges of the two voltage pulses or the trailing edges coincide to let. However, equalizing currents can also occur here, which can lead to this would that the inverter generating the shorter pulse by a higher switching current would be charged than the other inverter, and there would be between exchanged a large reactive power for the inverters.
- the invention according to claim 3 in contrast, run by the two Inverters generated voltage pulses symmetrically in time with each other. unequal long voltage pulses only result in a small exchange of reactive power between the two inverters, the switching currents in the two Inverters have approximately the same maximum value.
- Fig. 1 shows an X-ray tube 4, the transformer 3 of two AC voltage sources 1, 2 is fed as a series resonance inverter are trained.
- the two inverters are each connected to a DC voltage source 5a and 5b connected.
- Each inverter comprises four to one in a manner known per se Full bridge interconnected switches 11 ... 14 or 21 ... 24 of the IGBT type or other power semiconductors that can be switched off.
- the connection point of the switches 11, 12 comprising a bridge branch is via the series connection a capacitor 15 and one to one first winding group belonging primary winding 16 of Transformer 3 with the connection point of the switches 13, 14 of the other bridge branch connected.
- connection point of the switches 21 and 22 via the series connection a capacitor 25 and one to one second winding group belonging primary winding 26 des Transformer 3 with the connection point of the switch 23 and 24 connected.
- the secondary side of the transformer 3 is by two identically constructed secondary wedges 31st and 32 formed to the first and second winding groups, respectively belong.
- the series resonance frequency of the circles 15, 16 and 25, 26 is determined by the capacitance of the capacitor 15 or 25 and the leakage inductance of the identically constructed primary windings 16, 26 and the secondary windings 31, 32 of Transformer determined; is an additional inductance in principle not necessary.
- the winding capacities 91, 92 of the secondary windings can be part of the series resonant circuit be used.
- the switches 11 ... 14 or 21 ... 24 of inverters 1 and 2 are connected with the same, constant switching frequency operated, that of the series resonance frequency equivalent.
- a rectifier is connected to each of the secondary windings 31 and 32 6 or 7 connected, its output voltage is smoothed by a capacitor 61 or 71. frequently are the two secondary windings for insulation reasons subdivided even further, with each partial winding receives its own rectifier.
- the rectifiers 6 and 7 are connected in series and the smoothed output voltage becomes the cathode or the anode of the X-ray tube 4 fed. Due to the series connection the secondary windings 31 and 32, the rectifiers 6 and 7 and the capacitors 61 and 71 only for half of the Maximum value of the high voltage designed on the X-ray tube his.
- the x-ray tube 4 can have a grounded metal piston, as indicated schematically in the drawing. In in this case part of the cathode current flows to the anode and another part about the metal piston to earth, so that the cathode current is greater than the anode current. Because of these different currents, one would High voltage generator, in which the inverter voltage pulses generate with an identical course over time would, the cathode voltage be lower than the anode voltage. This would be especially low Voltage between anode and cathode cause the Cathode current due to space charge effects in the X-ray tube would be limited so that their thermal resilience for low anode voltages can no longer be fully utilized could.
- the prerequisite for these control options is that the voltage pulses of the inverter 1 another (greater) duration than that of the inverter 2. Then disturbing equalizing currents can occur between the windings result.
- the effect of the equalizing currents can be explained on the basis of the simplified equivalent circuit diagram according to FIG. 2, the transformer being replaced by the inductors L 12 , L 1s , L 2s and L h .
- the inductors L 1s and L 2s represent the leakage inductance of the primary windings 16 and 26 with respect to the secondary side, and the inductance L 12 represents the leakage inductance between the two primary windings, by means of which the outputs of the inverters 1, 2 are coupled to one another.
- L h is the main inductance, which is large compared to the inductors mentioned above.
- the inductance L 12 would be small compared to the inductances L 1s , L 2s . If the voltages supplied by the inverters 1, 2 then differ in time due to different switching times for the switches 11 ... 14 on the one hand and 21 ... 24 on the other hand, the output voltage of the inverter 1 would initially be completely at the inductance L 12 apply and cause a differential current, the rate of change would correspond to the quotient of this voltage and the inductance L 12 .
- the coupling of the two primary windings 16, 26 to one another is made smaller than the coupling between each of these primary windings and the secondary winding as a whole (i.e. the series connection between the windings 31 and 32) or between the relevant primary winding 16 or 26 and belonging to the same winding group Partial winding 31 or 32.
- FIG. 3 schematically shown construction of the transformer achieved.
- the primary windings 16 and 26 are side by side and spaced apart on a transformer core 30 arranged, e.g. a cutting tape core.
- the Primary windings 16 and 26 are from the secondary winding 31 or 32 enclosed.
- This construction is magnetic or inductive Coupling between the primary windings 16 and 26, however also clearly between the secondary windings 31 and 32 weaker than the coupling between one of the primary windings (e.g. 16) and the secondary winding surrounding it (31).
- the leakage inductance between the two windings is proportional to the factor (1 - k 2 ).
- L 12 is greater than L 1s or L 2s . If the coupling factor between the primary windings is 0.973, for example, and between a primary winding and the secondary winding is 0.993, then L 12 is approximately four times as large as L 1s and L 2s . Then only a reduced equalizing current flows, the frequency of which is generally not increased.
- the leading edges of the two voltage pulses could or the trailing edges collapse. Also however, equalizing currents can still occur, which would cause the shorter pulse generating inverters due to a higher switching current would be loaded than the other inverter and it would a large reactive power between the inverters replaced. This can be done by a temporally symmetrical Avoid course of the output voltages.
- a suitable circuit results from Fig. 4. Die Voltage between anode and earth is thereby high-voltage measuring divider consisting of resistors 201 and 202 measured while the voltage between Cathode and earth through one of the resistors 101 and 102 existing high-voltage measuring divider is measured.
- the Measuring voltages at the taps of the high-voltage measuring divider are fed to a control arrangement 50, the two Measuring voltages, if necessary also their sum, with Compares setpoints from the given setpoint the voltage at the X-ray tube, but also from the control strategy depend.
- the control circuit 50 delivers at a first output first control signal for controlling a pulse width modulator 103 and a second control signal at a second output to control a pulse width modulator 203.
- Die Pulse width modulators 103 and 203 also provide pulses a fixed frequency and a duty cycle or a pulse duration, of the control signal at the input of the depends pulse width modulator.
- the pulse width modulators 103 and 203 are supplied with a symmetrical triangular voltage U d generated by a function generator 53.
- the frequency of the delta voltage U d is twice as large as the series resonance frequency of the circuits 15, 16 and 25, 26 of the inverters 1 and 2.
- the function generator 53 delivers this clock signals for the blocks 104 and 204, as indicated in FIG. 4 by dashed lines.
- the triangular voltage U d is compared with the control signals S 1 and S 2 , indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 5, and pulses PWM 1 and PWM 2 are generated at the output of the pulse width modulators, the leading edge of which is exceeded and whose trailing edge coincides with the falling below the control signals S 1 or S 2 by the delta voltage U d .
- inverter voltages U 1 and U 2 with the pulse-shaped shown in FIG. 5 result temporal course (U 1 and U 2 each represent the voltage at the series circuit 15, 16 and 25, 26).
- U 1 and U 2 differ from PWM 1 and PWM 2 in that the polarity of every second pulse is inverted, so that the fundamental wave contained in the output voltages U 1 and U 2 has a frequency that is half as large as that Frequency of the triangular wave U d . Since the frequency of the triangular oscillation is twice as high as the series resonance frequency of the inverters 1, 2, the frequency of this fundamental oscillation corresponds to the series resonance frequency. It can be seen from FIG. 5 that the voltage pulses U 1 and U 2 are symmetrical in time with respect to one another, ie the time centers of these pulses coincide. The voltage pulses from U 1 and U 2 each have the same polarity - if the primary windings 16 and 26 have the same winding sense. If the winding directions of the primary windings 16 and 26 are opposite, the pulses must each have the opposite polarity.
- the compensation currents are minimal and only a small reactive power is exchanged between the windings.
- the currents I 1 and I 2 flowing in the primary windings 16 and 26 have almost the same maximum value, ie the current load in the switches 11 ... 14 is approximately the same as in FIG the switches 21 ... 24, although the duty cycle of U 1 is approximately twice as high as the duty cycle of U 2 , so that the cathode voltage derived from U 1 is also approximately twice as large as the anode voltage derived from U 2 .
- the cathode voltage or the anode voltage depend largely linearly on the duty cycle or the pulse duration of the pulse-width-modulated signals PWM 1 and PWM 2 .
- the cathode voltage depend largely linearly on the duty cycle or the pulse duration of the pulse-width-modulated signals PWM 1 and PWM 2 .
- there is only a weak dependency of the cathode voltage on the duty cycle of the pulse duration modulated signal PWM 2 the same applies to the dependence of the anode voltage on the duty cycle of the PWM 1 signal.
- the linear dependence of the high voltage on the duty cycle is favorable for the control behavior.
- the pulse width modulators 103 are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 and 203 as analog circuits. It is however, pulse width modulation is also possible - and if necessary also the switching pulse generation by the blocks 104 and 204 - with the help of programmable controller modules perform.
Landscapes
- X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- einen Teil eines Schaltbildes eines Röntgen-Gerätes,
- Fig. 2
- ein Ersatzschaltbild eines Teils dieses Röntgen-Gerätes
- Fig. 3
- die Anordnung der Primär- und Sekundärwicklungen auf dem Transformatorkern,
- Fig. 4
- einen weiteren Teil der Anordnung und
- Fig. 5
- den zeitlichen Verlauf verschiedener Signale bei dieser Anordnung.
Claims (9)
- Röntgen-Gerät mit einem Leistungsteil zur Speisung einer Röntgenröhre (4), bei dem der Leistungsteil einen Hochspannungstransformator (3) mit zwei Gruppen von auf demselben Transformatorkern befindlichen Primär- und Sekundärwicklungen aufweist, wobei die Primärwicklungen (16, 26) aus verschiedenen Gruppen untereinander eine schwächere Kopplung haben als die zur selben Gruppe gehörigen Primär- und Sekundärwicklungen (16,31; 26 32) wobei die Primärwicklungen der beiden Gruppen an zwei mit der selben Frequenz betriebene Wechselrichter (1, 2) angeschlossen sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mittel (53, 103, 203) zum Betreiben der Wechselrichter (1,2) mit fester Frequenz und unabhängig voneinander steuerbarem Tastgrad vorgesehen sind. - Röntgen-Gerät nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zum Betreiben der Wechselrichter so gestaltet sind, daß die von den beiden Wechselrichtern erzeugten Spannungsimpulse (U1, U2) sich zeitlich so überlappen, daß der kürzere der beiden Spannungsimpulse (U2) jeweils während der Dauer des längeren Spannungsimpulses (U1) auftritt, und daß die beiden Spannungsimpulse in dem Transformatorkern gleichsinnige zeitliche Änderungen des magnetischen Flusses hervorrufen. - Röntgen-Gerät nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zum Betreiben der Wechselrichter so gestaltet sind, daß die Mitten der von den beiden Wechselrichtern gelieferten Spannungsimpulse zeitlich zusammenfallen. - Röntgen-Gerät nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zum Betreiben der Wechselrichter für jeden Wechselrichter einen PulsbreitenModulator (103, 203) umfassen. - Röntgen-Gerät nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sowohl die Primärwicklungen (16, 26) als auch die Sekundärwicklungen (31, 32) der beiden Gruppen nebeneinander angeordnet sind und daß die Sekundärwicklungen (31, 32) die jeweils zur selben Gruppe gehörenden Primärwicklungen umschließen. - Röntgen-Gerät nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an die Sekundärwicklungen (31,32) Gleichrichter (6,7) angeschlossen sind, die gleichspannungsmäßig in Reihe geschaltet sind. - Röntgen-Gerät nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wechselrichter (1,2) als Serienresonanz-Wechselrichter ausgebildet sind und daß die Frequenz, mit der die Wechselrichter betrieben werden, zumindest annähernd der Serienresonanzfrequenz entspricht. - Röntgen-Gerät nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Wechselrichter eine Kapazität (15, 25) enthält, die mit der Reaktanz (L16, L26) der zugehörigen Primärwicklung (16, 26) einen Serienresonanzkreis bildet. - Röntgen-Gerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß der Verbraucher durch eine Röntgen-Röhre gebildet wird, deren Anodenstrom von ihrem Kathodenstrom abweicht.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4443551 | 1994-12-07 | ||
DE4443551A DE4443551A1 (de) | 1994-12-07 | 1994-12-07 | Anordnung zur Leistungsversorgung eines elektrischen Verbrauchers, insbesondere Röntgen-Apparat |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0716561A1 EP0716561A1 (de) | 1996-06-12 |
EP0716561B1 true EP0716561B1 (de) | 2004-02-18 |
Family
ID=6535157
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95203284A Expired - Lifetime EP0716561B1 (de) | 1994-12-07 | 1995-11-29 | Röntgen-Gerät mit einer Einheit für die Leistungsversorgung einer Röntgenröhre |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5731968A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0716561B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3683318B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4443551A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19724931A1 (de) * | 1997-06-12 | 1998-12-17 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Leistungsversorgungseinheit mit einem pulsdauermodulierten Wechselrichter, insbesondere für einen Röntgengenerator |
DE19940137A1 (de) * | 1999-08-24 | 2001-03-01 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | Serienresonanter Konverter mit einer Regelschaltung |
US6178098B1 (en) * | 1999-09-22 | 2001-01-23 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Phase-shifted post-regulator, method of operation thereof and power converter employing the same |
US6738275B1 (en) | 1999-11-10 | 2004-05-18 | Electromed Internationale Ltee. | High-voltage x-ray generator |
DE10126256A1 (de) * | 2001-05-29 | 2002-12-05 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | Stromversorgungssystem |
DE10159897A1 (de) * | 2001-12-06 | 2003-06-26 | Philips Intellectual Property | Spannungsversorgung für Röntgengenerator |
JP4306209B2 (ja) | 2002-09-09 | 2009-07-29 | 株式会社日立メディコ | 中性点接地方式のx線発生装置及びこれを用いたx線ct装置 |
JP4392746B2 (ja) * | 2003-05-23 | 2010-01-06 | 株式会社日立メディコ | X線高電圧装置 |
JP4539718B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-22 | 2010-09-08 | 株式会社ダイフク | 無接触給電設備の2次側受電回路 |
DE102007032199A1 (de) * | 2007-07-11 | 2009-01-15 | Sms Elotherm Gmbh | Betreiben von Schwingkreis-Wechselrichtern |
US20110075796A1 (en) * | 2008-06-02 | 2011-03-31 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Rotary power transformer for use in a high-voltage generator circuitry for inductively transmitting two or more independently controllable supply voltages to the power supply terminals of a load |
US8861681B2 (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2014-10-14 | General Electric Company | Method and system for active resonant voltage switching |
US10305385B2 (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2019-05-28 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Interleaved resonant converter |
US11103207B1 (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2021-08-31 | Radiation Monitorng Devices, Inc. | Double-pulsed X-ray source and applications |
JP2022134597A (ja) * | 2021-03-03 | 2022-09-15 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 放射線管及び放射線源 |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2507842A1 (fr) * | 1981-06-12 | 1982-12-17 | Gen Equip Med Sa | Regulateur de tension a semi-conducteur et generateur de radiologie comportant un tel regulateur |
DE3218535A1 (de) * | 1982-05-17 | 1983-11-17 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Hochspannungserzeuger, insbesondere zur speisung einer roentgenroehre |
US4504895A (en) * | 1982-11-03 | 1985-03-12 | General Electric Company | Regulated dc-dc converter using a resonating transformer |
US4574340A (en) * | 1984-06-22 | 1986-03-04 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Inverter with constant voltage to frequency ratio output capability |
US4797908A (en) * | 1984-09-14 | 1989-01-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Voltage-resonance type power supply circuit for X-ray tube |
EP0180750B1 (de) * | 1984-10-09 | 1989-01-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Mittelfrequenz-Röntgengenerator |
JPS61158698A (ja) * | 1984-12-28 | 1986-07-18 | Hitachi Medical Corp | インバ−タ式x線装置 |
US4823250A (en) * | 1987-11-05 | 1989-04-18 | Picker International, Inc. | Electronic control for light weight, portable x-ray system |
FR2633115B1 (fr) * | 1988-06-17 | 1993-02-12 | Gen Electric Cgr | Alimentation stabilisee a taux d'ondulation reduit |
US5272612A (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 1993-12-21 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | X-ray power supply utilizing A.C. frequency conversion to generate a high D.C. voltage |
DE3929888A1 (de) * | 1989-09-08 | 1991-03-14 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Roentgengenerator zum betrieb einer roentgenroehre mit an masse angeschlossenen roehrenteilen |
DE59003559D1 (de) * | 1990-11-27 | 1993-12-23 | Siemens Ag | Hochfrequenz-Röntgengenerator. |
FR2672166B1 (fr) * | 1991-01-25 | 1995-04-28 | Gen Electric Cgr | Dispositif pour obtenir une tension continue a faible ondulation residuelle. |
US5602897A (en) * | 1995-06-29 | 1997-02-11 | Picker International, Inc. | High-voltage power supply for x-ray tubes |
-
1994
- 1994-12-07 DE DE4443551A patent/DE4443551A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-11-29 EP EP95203284A patent/EP0716561B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-29 DE DE59510860T patent/DE59510860D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-05 JP JP31689695A patent/JP3683318B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-06 US US08/568,084 patent/US5731968A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0716561A1 (de) | 1996-06-12 |
JPH08255694A (ja) | 1996-10-01 |
US5731968A (en) | 1998-03-24 |
DE4443551A1 (de) | 1996-06-20 |
JP3683318B2 (ja) | 2005-08-17 |
DE59510860D1 (de) | 2004-03-25 |
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