EP0700265B1 - Procede et dispositif de lavage de la vaisselle en machine - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de lavage de la vaisselle en machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0700265B1
EP0700265B1 EP94918791A EP94918791A EP0700265B1 EP 0700265 B1 EP0700265 B1 EP 0700265B1 EP 94918791 A EP94918791 A EP 94918791A EP 94918791 A EP94918791 A EP 94918791A EP 0700265 B1 EP0700265 B1 EP 0700265B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
enzyme
detergent
dosing
wash liquor
feed
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP94918791A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0700265A1 (fr
EP0700265B2 (fr
Inventor
Jacques Breyer
Günter Hellmann
Dieter Hemm
Klaus Wilbert
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Ecolab GmbH and Co OHG
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Henkel Ecolab GmbH and Co KG
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Priority claimed from DE4324106A external-priority patent/DE4324106C1/de
Application filed by Henkel Ecolab GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Henkel Ecolab GmbH and Co KG
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/44—Devices for adding cleaning agents; Devices for dispensing cleaning agents, rinsing aids or deodorants

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a method for machine dishwashing in commercial dishwashers, in which a cleaning agent and a cleaning enhancer, preferably carbohydrate-degrading, enzyme, in particular amylase, containing this effect are added to the dishwasher. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for performing the method, which has a detergent dosing system and a dosing system for another active ingredient with an associated pump and pump control.
  • a commercial dishwasher contains, for example, several tanks arranged one behind the other, from which washing or washing liquor is sprayed against the dishes passing through the dishwasher.
  • the tanks are placed in a cascade-like manner, the washing or washing liquor passing through the tanks one after the other from the dishes outlet end to the dishes inlet end, so that the degree of contamination of the washing or washing liquor increases from the outlet end to the inlet end.
  • Fresh water is fed to the dishwashers at the outlet end.
  • the required amount of cleaning agent is metered into at least one wash tank, also known as a metering tank.
  • detergent is added automatically depending on the conductivity or the pH of the wash liquor or, if liquid or powder detergent is already dissolved in water, possibly also by means of a time-controlled metering pump.
  • the detergents used in practice often do not prevent starch deposits that form on the dishes during normal machine cleaning in a dishwasher and do not remove existing starch deposits. At certain time intervals, dishes with starch deposits will become so-called Undergo thorough cleaning. In the case of such basic cleaning, the concentration of detergent in the rinsing or washing liquor is significantly higher than in normal rinsing processes.
  • Another alternative is to spray a highly concentrated alkaline detergent onto the dishes as part of a normal dishwashing cycle. There is also the option of performing manual tank cleaning.
  • DE-A-12 85 087 Also known from DE-A-12 85 087 is a method for machine dishwashing, in which an alkaline detergent is dosed in the main wash cycle and an enzyme-containing, in particular amylase-containing, rinse aid in the rinse and optionally pre-wash cycle is dosed into the dishwasher. This is done in order to reduce the starch formed on the dishes in the rinse and possibly pre-wash cycle.
  • an enzyme-containing, in particular amylase-containing, rinse aid in the rinse and optionally pre-wash cycle is dosed into the dishwasher. This is done in order to reduce the starch formed on the dishes in the rinse and possibly pre-wash cycle.
  • the addition of the enzyme-containing rinse aid in the main rinse cycle is not possible, since the alkalinity of the detergent would destroy the fermentation immediately.
  • the reference to the cold pre-wash cycle shows that a dishwasher is understood to be a household dishwasher. Cold pre-wash cycles are only common in household dishwashers.
  • an enzyme-containing detergent for avoiding scissors and stains that form in particular on glasses after drying is also known from EP-A-0 271 155. This detergent was also tested in a household dishwasher, which can be deduced from the incorrect washing time of 60 minutes for commercial dishwashers.
  • a generic method is known from DE-A-4 110 764.
  • a mechanical pre-cleaning of the dishes from coarse impurities and a spraying of the dishes with a concentrated surfactant solution and subsequent action of the concentrated surfactant solution in a commercial dishwasher carried out.
  • These process steps can also be carried out in a separate work station before the actual dishwasher.
  • the concentrated surfactant solution is slightly acidic to weakly alkaline and contains carbohydrate-degrading enzyme, especially amylase.
  • the exposure time is 10 to 90 seconds, which is within the usual contact times between cleaning agents and dishes in commercial dishwashing processes.
  • a method for machine dishwashing in commercial dishwashers in which a detergent and a further active ingredient that supports its action are metered into the washing or washing liquor, and a device for carrying out the method, which includes a detergent dosing system and a dosing system for another active ingredient assigned pump and pump control are known from DE-A-39 20 728.
  • active oxygen is metered into the metering or washing tank of the dishwasher as this further active ingredient which supports its action.
  • active oxygen is replenished into the wash tank during the interruptions.
  • a method and an apparatus for machine dishwashing in commercial dishwashers in which the two different active ingredients, namely cleaning agents and, for example, a bleaching agent, are added to the washing liquor of a dishwasher by means of a detergent dosing system and a dosing system for a further active ingredient with an associated pump and pump control. is also known from US-A-3,490,467.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a solution which prevents the formation of a starch coating on the dishes during machine dishwashing in commercial dishwashers.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention in that the cleaning booster is part of the low-alkaline cleaning agent formulated, in particular based on phosphate or nitriloacetic acid or its salts (NTA), and / or additionally in combination with the lower-alkaline cleaning agent, the rinsing - or washing liquor to which at least one rinsing or washing tank of the dishwasher is added.
  • NTA phosphate or nitriloacetic acid or its salts
  • the lower-alkaline cleaner may also contain complexing agents other than those listed, if so desired.
  • a concentration of 0.5 to 15 g / l of low-alkaline cleaning agent is expediently set in the rinsing or washing liquor.
  • the low-alkaline cleaning agent is metered in in use concentration with a pH of 7 to 11, preferably 9.1 to 10.8, which is also provided by the invention.
  • a concentration of 0.05 to 2 g / l of cleaning enhancer is expediently set in the rinsing or washing liquor according to a further embodiment of the invention.
  • the invention provides that the enzyme-containing cleaning booster during normal dishwasher operation with a normal cleaning concentration in the washing or washing liquor of 0.5 to 8 g / l and / or during a periodic basic cleaning with an increased cleaning concentration in the washing or washing liquor of 3 to 15 g / l is metered into the rinsing or washing liquor.
  • the invention provides in one embodiment that the cleaning booster is replenished to the extent of the enzyme breakdown.
  • the enzyme breakdown or the enzyme decay (consumption) in standstill phases of the dishwasher operation is lower than during the wash phases, so that the invention provides in an expedient development that the replenishment in standstill phases is low in comparison to wash phases.
  • the enzyme-containing cleaning booster like conventional cleaning agents, can either be metered into the at least one dosing or washing tank of the dishwasher, but also into the liquid flowing through the rinse line and / or the spray system of the commercial dishwasher, and in this way fed to the dishwasher.
  • the invention therefore provides as a further development that detergents and cleaning boosters are metered separately into the washing or washing liquor.
  • the enzyme-containing detergent booster is metered into the rinsing or washing liquor in parallel or subsequently to the lower-alkaline detergent.
  • a cleaning booster is metered in, which contains about 0.01 to 0.6% by weight, preferably 0.45 to 0.55% by weight, of enzyme, in particular amylase, and 10 to 25 % By weight, preferably 15 to 20% by weight, of propylene glycol, in particular 1,2-propylene glycol, and a corresponding amount of water, as provided by the invention in one embodiment.
  • the cleaning enhancer can contain as an enzyme amylase, lipase, protease or other, in particular carbohydrate-degrading, enzymes, either individually or in suitable mixtures.
  • an enzyme-free, liquid or powdery, low-alkaline cleaning agent is used in combination with an enzyme-containing cleaning booster.
  • the invention provides in one embodiment that an enzyme-free, in particular liquid, low-alkaline cleaning agent is metered into the rinsing or washing liquor during detergent dosing times, and the enzyme-containing cleaning booster is metered in parallel to the extent of the detergent consumption.
  • an enzyme-free, in particular liquid, low-alkaline cleaning agent is metered into the rinsing or washing liquor during detergent dosing times, and the enzyme-containing cleaning booster is metered in parallel to the extent of the detergent consumption.
  • enzyme is already incorporated into the liquid or powdered low-alkaline cleaning agent.
  • a solid enzyme carrier for example amylase carrier
  • amylase carrier can be incorporated into a powdery, low-alkaline cleaner.
  • This enzyme-containing cleaning agent is then used in combination with the enzyme-containing cleaning enhancer.
  • the invention provides in an embodiment that during detergent dosing times in the rinsing or washing liquor, an enzyme for immediate rinsing containing a sufficient amount, in particular powdery, low-alkaline cleaning agent and immediately after completion or during interruptions or downtimes of the dishwasher operation and / or Dosing pauses of the cleaning agent, the enzyme-containing cleaning booster is metered into the rinsing or washing liquor.
  • the enzyme-containing cleaning booster is therefore only metered into the washing or washing liquor during or immediately after the dosing pauses of the cleaning agent and / or the interruptions or downtimes of the dishwasher operation. During the times of the active rinsing cycle, during which the detergent is dosed into the washing tank of the dishwasher, the enzyme-containing cleaning booster is not dosed.
  • the enzyme-containing cleaning enhancer is metered into the rinsing or washing liquor to maintain the enzyme concentration to the extent of the enzyme breakdown or enzyme decay (consumption), which the invention further provides.
  • enzymes such as amylase, lipase or protease are not stable in the washing liquor of commercial dishwashers. After being washed into the wash tank of a commercial dishwasher Enzyme-containing cleaning agents or cleaning boosters lose their effect relatively quickly. In the event of interruptions or downtimes in the operation of the dishwasher and / or dosing of the cleaning agent or cleaning booster, enzyme degradation or enzyme breakdown (consumption) occurs, in which the enzyme content in the washing or washing liquor often drops at around 40 to 60% per hour. Depending on the degree of consumption, z. B. even after a half-hour break in machine operation, the enzyme content dropped to well below half.
  • the invention provides in one embodiment that the washing under conditions in a commercial Dishwasher undergoing enzyme degradation or enzyme decay (consumption) enzyme-containing cleaning enhancers in the event of interruptions or downtimes in the dishwasher operation and / or dosing intervals of the cleaning agent or cleaning enhancer in the washing or washing liquor in an amount that is added during the respective interruption or downtime phase and / or dosing breakdown occurring enzyme breakdown or enzyme breakdown (consumption) compensates so that after the end of the respective interruption or standstill phase and / or Do the machine operation is continued with essentially the same enzyme concentration in the rinsing or washing liquor as before the respective interruption or standstill phase and / or dosing break. This ensures that with each active cleaning phase of the washing cycle in a commercial dishwasher there is a sufficiently high enzyme concentration in the wash liquor
  • the invention provides that the enzyme-containing cleaning enhancer is added to the rinsing or washing liquor to maintain the enzyme concentration immediately after completion or during the interruptions or standstill phases and / or the dosing pauses of the detergent to the extent of the enzyme breakdown or enzyme decay (consumption).
  • the invention provides two alternatives for the metering-in or metering-in of the enzyme-containing cleaning booster.
  • the enzyme-containing cleaning booster can be dosed or re-dosed during the interruptions or standstill phases of the dishwasher operation and / or dosing pauses of the cleaning agent, and on the other hand the dosing or re-dosing of the enzyme-containing cleaning booster can be carried out immediately after the interruptions or downtime phases of the dishwasher operation and / or Dosing intervals of the cleaning agent take place.
  • the invention provides in a further embodiment that the enzyme concentration in the rinsing or snacking liquor is maintained during the respective interruption or standstill phase and / or during the dosing pauses of the cleaning agent by maintenance dosing of the enzyme-containing cleaning booster. It is advantageous here if the maintenance dosing takes place in individual dosing strokes, as the invention provides in a further development.
  • the embodiment accordingly aims primarily at maintenance dosing of the enzyme-containing cleaning booster in the downtimes of the dishwasher between two successive washing phases or during the dosing pauses between two dosing times of the cleaning agent.
  • the maintenance dosing ensures that in the extent of the enzyme breakdown or enzyme decay (consumption) new, enzyme-containing cleaning boosters in the at least one dosing or Wash tank arrives.
  • the washing tank or the washing liquor of the dishwasher is thus always ready for a new washing phase.
  • a wash liquor which has been sufficiently admixed with enzymes or has a sufficiently high enzyme concentration is immediately available.
  • the enzyme-containing cleaning booster is replenished into the at least one wash tank only during the standstill phases or dosing pauses of the detergent to the extent of the enzyme breakdown.
  • an enzyme-free cleaning agent in particular a liquid cleaner, is used, in addition to maintenance dosing during the dosing times for the cleaning agent, the enzyme-containing cleaning booster is dosed in parallel.
  • enzyme-free cleaning agent enzyme is metered into the wash tank or the rinsing or washing liquor during the rinsing phases of the amount of detergent used and during the standstill phases or the detergent dosing breaks to the extent of the enzyme breakdown or enzyme breakdown.
  • the parallel dosing enables the use of enzyme-containing cleaning boosters such as B. amylase solution that cannot be formulated with the usual enzyme-free alkaline, in particular lower-alkaline, cleaning agents.
  • enzyme-containing cleaning boosters such as B. amylase solution
  • liquid or powder detergents are metered in depending on the measured conductivity or the measured pH value or time-controlled only during certain metering times.
  • the enzyme delivery rate of the maintenance dosing is optimized on the basis of an enzyme activity determination, as is further provided by the invention. After knowing the rate of decay of the enzymes, it may be sufficient to add detergent enhancers at certain intervals.
  • the invention further provides that the maintenance dosage of the enzyme-containing cleaning booster is started after each disintegration of about 20% of the original enzyme content in the rinsing or washing liquor.
  • a surge dose is carried out immediately after the end of the respective interruption or standstill phase and / or dosing pause, in which a quantity of enzyme-containing cleaning booster is added to the rinsing or washing liquor, which during the The duration of the respective interruption or standstill phase and / or dosing break corresponds to enzyme degradation or enzyme breakdown (consumption).
  • the enzyme-containing cleaning booster is dosed, the amount of enzyme-containing cleaning booster added during the dosing being adapted to the duration of the interruption and dimensioned such that it compensates for the enzyme breakdown or decay (consumption) that occurred during the interruption. Accordingly, during the interruption or standstill phase of the machine operation and / or the detergent dosing break, no enzyme-containing cleaning booster is fed to the at least one dosing or wash tank or the washing or washing liquor of the dishwasher.
  • the enzyme-containing cleaning booster is supplied only after the interruption or dosing break has ended within a relatively short time, so that the amount of enzyme which was consumed during the interruption or dosing break is replaced.
  • the measurement of the amount of the cleaning booster added during the batch dosing is carried out as a function of the duration of the interruption and / or dosing pause and as a function of the course of the enzyme decay which can be described by a mathematical function, for example an e-function. This ensures that the enzyme consumed is replaced fairly accurately without substantial underdosing or overdosing.
  • the time course of enzyme consumption essentially follows an exponential function, the concentration decreasing exponentially starting from an initial concentration.
  • a practice-oriented pulse dosage after a pause t must consequently follow the complementary function of the course of the enzyme consumption.
  • the enzyme-containing cleaning booster In the case of surge dosing as well as maintenance dosing, it is possible for the enzyme-containing cleaning booster to be metered in during the dosing times in parallel, if an enzyme-free cleaning agent is used.
  • a metering system for metering an enzyme-containing cleaning amplifier which is separate from the detergent metering system and which has an operating state for maintenance metering during interruptions or downtimes of the dishwasher operation and / or metering pauses of the detergent.
  • the device according to the invention for carrying out the method is fundamentally characterized by a metering system for the enzyme-containing cleaning booster, which is separate from the detergent dosing system, the latter having an operating state for maintenance dosing and / or an operating state for impact dosing.
  • the detergent dosing system can be designed in a conventional manner, for. B. as a metering pump in a liquid cleaner or as fresh water or liquor in a powder cleaner.
  • the dosing system for the enzyme-containing cleaning booster which is separate or separate from the detergent dosing system. This has either an operating state for maintenance dosing or an operating state for surge dosing and is provided with the technical equipment necessary for the respective operating state.
  • the cleaning amplifier dosing system has either only technical devices for the operating state of maintenance dosing or technical devices for the operating state of shock dosing
  • the device thus enables maintenance dosing during the interruptions or standstill phases of the dishwasher operation and / or the cleaning agent dosing breaks or a shock dosing immediately after the end of interruptions or standstill phases of the dishwasher operation and / or cleaning agent dosing breaks, so that a through Enzyme degradation or decomposition-induced decrease in enzyme activity is compensated for during this time.
  • the device in a development of the invention contains a counter, to which pause pulses are regularly supplied during the interruption times. With these pause pulses, the counter reading is not increased in a linear manner, but rather in a step-wise approximated function that is complementary to the enzyme decay, in particular an e-function, in order to finally approach a predetermined final value asymptotically with a minimal count rate.
  • the counter is counted down linearly from the achieved counter reading at a constant clock rate until the counter reading reaches zero.
  • the down counting pulses activate a pump, which effects the surge metering.
  • the duration of the surge metering therefore depends on the meter reading reached during the interruption time.
  • the duration of the shock metering is orders of magnitude shorter than the duration of the interruption times in question.
  • the surge dosage thus compensates for the drug consumption of several 10 minutes to hours within a period of seconds.
  • the level of the meter reading is therefore a measure of the duration of the surge metering.
  • This duration is in any case much shorter than the duration of possible break times, so that the shock dosage of the enzyme-containing cleaning boosters occur at a much higher rate than the breakdown or decay (consumption) of the enzyme in the wash liquor.
  • the enzyme consumption of several 10 minutes is compensated in this way.
  • This type of shock metering is not only carried out immediately after interruptions or downtimes in the dishwasher operation, but if desired also immediately after the detergent dosing breaks.
  • the term "counter” is to be understood broadly in this context. It includes any counting device that counts supplied pause pulses according to a given function and thus also non-linear, e.g. B. following an e-function enables counting.
  • the variation in the time interval of the pause pulses can be used to accelerate (compress) or decelerate (stretch) the counting process in the time domain.
  • the pause pulses can be present at a constant time interval and can be multiplied by a factor whose time profile corresponds to an e-function.
  • the counter can also contain a summing device which increases the counter reading by a time-varying amount with each pause pulse.
  • the invention provides for devices with the operating state of maintenance dosing as well as for devices with the operating state of shock dosing that the dosing system for the enzyme-containing cleaning booster additionally has an operating state which promotes parallel to the cleaning agent dosing system for parallel dosing when the cleaning agent dosing system is switched on.
  • both enzyme-containing and enzyme-free cleaning agents can be used with the device, the parallel dosing allowing the addition of enzyme-containing cleaning enhancers when using enzyme-free cleaning agents.
  • the parallel dosing and the maintenance dosing or the surge dosing differ essentially only in that per unit of time in each case in the metering tank or the rinsing or washing liquor conveyed amount of enzyme-containing cleaning enhancer.
  • a frequency-controlled peristaltic pump or a diaphragm pump is provided for conveying the enzyme-containing cleaning amplifier, as the invention further provides.
  • Such a pump can be operated with a number of pump strokes per unit of time corresponding to the enzyme breakdown. Relatively few pump strokes are then sufficient for maintenance dosing, while a much larger number of pump strokes are required for surge dosing and / or if necessary for parallel dosing when using an enzyme-free cleaner.
  • the associated frequency control of the pump has a first control range for maintenance dosing and a second control range for the dishwashing phase of the dishwasher when the detergent dosing system is switched on, with a significantly increased delivery rate compared to the dose in the first control range.
  • a conventional liquid detergent metering pump 1 delivers liquid, enzyme-free cleaning agent 2 from a liquid detergent tank, for example regulated via a conductivity or pH value measurement, through a line 3 to at least one (not shown) metering or washing tank of a dishwasher.
  • a frequency-controlled peristaltic pump 4 which also conveys from a liquid, enzyme-containing cleaning booster 5 through a line 6 to the above-mentioned, at least one metering or washing tank.
  • This dosing system for liquid-made, enzyme-containing cleaning boosters 5 can be controlled by means of internal and / or external electronics in such a way that a function diagram according to FIG. 2 is established, i.e. maintenance dosing 17, 18 and, if necessary, parallel dosing 16 of cleaning booster 5 in addition to the dosing of cleaning agents is possible.
  • the second line, designated 8 shows the dosage of the enzyme-free cleaning agent 2, ie the active operating state of the liquid cleaner metering pump 1.
  • a two-time start of the metering pump 1 is assumed during a machine switch-on state 10.
  • the corresponding two detergent dosing times are designated 12 and 13.
  • An intermediate dosing pause is indicated by 14 and the dosing pause corresponding to the interruption or the standstill phase 11 of the dishwasher operation is identified by 15.
  • the dosage of the enzyme-containing cleaning amplifier 5, ie the active operating state of the peristaltic pump 4, is given.
  • the liquid detergent 2 is not replenished during the interruption or standstill phase 11 of the dishwasher (Detergent dosing break 15). Such dosing is not necessary since the concentration of detergent in the wash liquor will not be significantly reduced. Only the enzyme breakdown or enzyme decay (consumption) during the standstill phase 11 is compensated for by the slowed down metering or maintenance metering 17 during this period. It can be cheap for longer Dosing pauses 14 in the dishwashing phases 10 of the dishwasher provide individual pump strokes for maintenance dosing 18 to compensate for the constant enzyme breakdown or decay (consumption) during this time.
  • FIGS 3 and 4 an embodiment from FIGS 3 and 4 can be seen, with FIG. 3 the detergent dosing system assigned to a commercial dishwasher for an enzyme-containing, low-alkaline powder cleaner 19 and the separate dosing system for the enzyme-containing liquid cleaning booster 5 and FIG. 4 in the three lines 7a, 8a and FIG. 9a shows the different switch-on and switch-off states (1/0) of the commercial dishwasher and the metering systems as a function of the time t. 3 consists of a funnel 20 with an enzyme-containing, low-alkaline powder cleaner 19 filled therein. As is known from conventional dosing systems, the enzyme-containing powder cleaner 19 is dosed in the funnel 20 via a fresh water or liquor flush 21 and a line 22 to at least one dosing or wash tank of a commercial dishwasher (arrow direction).
  • a dosing system for enzyme-containing cleaning booster 5 with a frequency-controlled peristaltic pump 4 is provided, which also conveys the enzyme-containing cleaning booster 5 from a tank via a line 6 to the at least one dosing or washing tank of the dishwasher.
  • the peristaltic pump 4 according to FIG. 3/4 only works during the standstill phase 11 of the dishwasher and possibly during the dosing pause 14, as indicated in line 9a of FIG. 4.
  • Lines 7a and 8a show identical operating states as lines 7 and 8 according to the embodiment of FIG. 1/2.
  • a modification of a frequency-controlled peristaltic pump 4, 27 is preferably used to operate the maintenance metering 17, 18 and the shock metering SD explained below as well as the desired parallel metering 16, the pump used in the maintenance metering in FIGS. 1 and 3 with the reference numerals 4 and the pump used in the surge metering is provided with the reference number 27 in FIG. 5.
  • Two control ranges for frequency control are possible, firstly an area I for parallel dosing 16 or the shock dosing SD explained below with a delivery rate range of 8 to 290 ml / min and secondly an area II for maintenance dosing 17, 18 with a delivery rate range of 1, 5 to 3.5 ml / min.
  • control ranges can be selected externally so that readjustment is possible according to the washing result.
  • the addition or subsequent dosing of enzyme-containing cleaning boosters 5 can also be carried out by a surge metering SD.
  • the shock dosing SD becomes immediate after the end of a Interruption or standstill phase 11 and / or a detergent dosing break 14, 15 activated.
  • the corresponding function diagrams for a surge dose SD in lines 7, 7a and 8, 8a would not differ from the function diagrams shown in FIGS.
  • FIG. 5 shows a commercial dishwasher 23 through which the dishes to be washed are conveyed from left (inlet end) to right (outlet end).
  • the dishwasher 23 contains several tanks one behind the other, from which washing or washing liquor is sprayed against the dishes in order to then run back into the tanks.
  • the tanks are cascaded together in a known manner, the washing or washing liquor passing through the tanks in succession from the outlet end (right) to the inlet end (left), so that the degree of contamination of the washing liquor increases from the outlet end to the inlet end.
  • water is introduced into the dishwasher 23 and additionally from a detergent tank 24 low-alkaline cleaning agent 2, which is contained in the detergent tank 24 in liquid form.
  • the cleaning agent 2 is conveyed by a pump 25 in metered form.
  • This pump 25 is driven by a pump control unit 26.
  • the detergent 2 is dosed as a function of the conductivity or pH of the washing liquor contained in the dishwasher 23.
  • the pump control unit 26 controls a further pump 27, which doses a liquid, enzyme-containing cleaning amplifier 5 into the dishwasher 23 from a tank 28.
  • the cleaning booster contains enzymes such as amylase, lipase or protease.
  • the cleaning amplifier 5, which is contained in the tank 28 in liquid form is fed into the dishwasher 23 by the pump 27, which is preferably a peristaltic pump.
  • the pump 27 is controlled by pulses that it are supplied via a control line 29.
  • the pump is driven by a stepper motor, each pulse in the control line 29 corresponding to a specific delivery rate of the pump 27.
  • the control line 29 is connected to an operating pulse line 30 coming from the pump control unit 26.
  • the operating pulse line 30 supplies operating pulses 10 during the operating state 10 of the dishwasher, the frequency of which is dimensioned such that the pump 27 maintains a certain concentration of enzyme-containing cleaning amplifier 5 in the washing liquor, that is to say a parallel metering 16 is carried out.
  • the pump control unit 26 does not deliver any pulses to the pump 25 for the cleaning agent 2 and likewise does not supply any operating pulses to the operating pulse line 30 2 illustrated example analog case of a shock metering (explained below) in combination with a parallel metering 16 before.
  • a counter 32 is connected to a pause pulse line 31 of the pump control unit 26.
  • the pause pulse line 31 supplies pulses to the counter 32 at a constant time interval in the event of an interruption in operation or a standstill phase 11 of the dishwasher and / or during dosing pauses 15 and possibly dosing pauses 14.
  • the counter 32 counts non-linearly in the manner shown in FIG. 6. 6, the pause time t is plotted along the abscissa during an interruption or standstill phase 11 and / or a dosing pause 14, 15 and the counter reading n along the ordinate.
  • a pause pulse is delivered every minute. With each pause pulse, the counter reading of the counter 32 is increased by a varying counting step. The size of the counting steps decreases with increasing pause time t.
  • the counting capacity of the counter 32 here is 128.
  • the time course of the counter reading corresponds to a stair curve 33 which is approximated to an e-function 34.
  • C t is the enzyme concentration at time t
  • C 0 is the initial concentration of the enzyme
  • ⁇ 1 / ⁇
  • ⁇ is the consumption time constant
  • V t is the shock metering time for a pause time of t and V max the maximum shock metering time.
  • This function V t corresponds to the ideal curve 34 from FIG. 6, which is approximated by the stair curve 33.
  • the stair curve 33 is implemented in the counter 32 by means of a programmable logic module (PLD).
  • PLD programmable logic module
  • the non-linear counting function is achieved by varying the counting step.
  • the clock rate of the pause pulses is adapted to the drainage function of the enzyme or the enzyme-containing cleaning amplifier 5.
  • the maximum counter reading n max of counter 32 is 128, which corresponds to a resolution of 7 bits.
  • the counter reading of the counter 32 is counted linearly in steps from 1 down to 0. 35 pulses are generated at the counter output, which are supplied to the pump 27 via the control line 29. The pulses generated when counting down the counter 32 at the output 35 cause the surge metering by the pump 27. When the counter reading 0 is reached, the surge metering is ended.
  • FIG. 7 shows the time course of the enzyme concentration C in the wash liquor in the event of an interruption or standstill phase 11 in the dishwasher operation or a dosing break 14, 15, the length of which is t 1 .
  • the enzyme concentration C / C 0 normalized to the normal value C 0 is given along the ordinate.
  • the break in operation ends at the start of the surge metering duration t 2 .
  • the operation of the dishwasher begins, that is, the active operating state 10 or the dosing times 12, 13, with a shock metering SD being carried out in the initial phase.
  • the enzyme concentration rises linearly steeply to the normal value of "1".
  • the subsequent operation is then carried out with this normal concentration.
  • the duration t 2 of the shock metering SD is, for example, 1 to 2 minutes and is considerably shorter than the break t 1 .
  • the counter 32 increments as a result of the pause pulses, the counter reading n developing in accordance with curve 33 in FIG. 6 and approaching asymptotically to the maximum counter reading n max , which is finally reached when the pause in operation Dishwasher is not interrupted beforehand.
  • the maximum counter reading n max corresponds to the maximum surge metering time.
  • the maximum count is reached when the pause time is about 5 ⁇ , where ⁇ is the consumption time constant of the enzyme.
  • the clock rate of the counter 32 when counting down is chosen so that the maximum concentration C 0 of enzyme in the wash liquor is just reached again at the maximum burst dosing time.
  • the maximum count is reached after a break of 0.5 to 3 hours.
  • a low-alkaline cleaner based on phosphate or nitrilotriacetic acid or its salts are used as cleaning agents in the devices described. and metered an amylase-containing cleaning booster 5 into the dishwasher.
  • the cleaning enhancer can also contain lipase or protease.
  • Cleaners 2, 19 and / or cleaning boosters 5 can be metered into at least one washing or dosing tank of the dishwasher and / or the rinse line and / or the spraying device of the dishwasher.
  • the enzyme-containing cleaning booster is used during regular dishwasher operation with a normal cleaning agent concentration in the washing or washing liquor of 0.5 to 8 g / l and / or a periodic basic cleaning with an increased concentration of 3 to 15 g / l in the rinsing or washing liquor is only metered in parallel or subsequently to the lower alkaline detergent of the rinsing or washing liquor. It is sufficient to equip a commercial dishwasher with two dosing systems, one for the cleaner and one for the cleaning booster. For example, these can be two metering pumps that can be operated parallel to one another.

Landscapes

  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Washing And Drying Of Tableware (AREA)
  • Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)

Claims (28)

  1. Procédé de lavage de la vaisselle à la machine dans des machines à laver la vaisselle industrielles (23) où on ajoute par doses un produit nettoyant (2, 19) dans des machines à laver la vaisselle industrielles (23) et un agent de renforcement du nettoyage (5) soutenant l'efficacité du produit nettoyant, contenant de l'enzyme dégradant les hydrates de carbone de préférence, en particulier, de l'amylase,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    on ajoute l'agent de renforcement du nettoyage (5) comme composant du produit nettoyant (2, 19) peu alcalin, formulé notamment à base de phosphate ou d'acide nitriloacétique ou de ses sels (NTA) et/ou en plus en combinaison au produit nettoyant peu alcalin (2, 19) dans au moins un bac de mouillage ou de lavage de la machine à laver la vaisselle (23) au bain de mouillage ou de lavage et on recycle ce bain de mouillage ou de lavage sous pulvérisation de la vaisselle.
  2. Procéde selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    on ajuste, dans le bain de mouillage ou de lavage, une concentration de 0,5 à 15 g/l de produit nettoyant peu alcalin (2, 19).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    on ajoute le produit nettoyant peu alcalin à la concentration d'utilisation, à un pH de 7 à 11, de préférence 9,1 à 10,8.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    dans le bain de mouillage ou de lavage, on ajuste une concentration de 0,05 à 2 g/l d'agent de renforcement du nettoyage (5).
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    on ajoute l'agent de renforcement du nettoyage (5) contenant l'enzyme pendant le fonctionnement normal de la machine à laver la vaisselle avec la concentration usuelle de produit nettoyant dans le bain de mouillage ou de lavage de 0,5 à 8 g/l et/ou pendant un nettoyage poussé périodique à concentration accrue en agent nettoyant dans le bain de mouillage et de nettoyage de 3 à 15 g/l dans le bain de mouillage ou de lavage.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    on ajoute l'agent de renforcement du nettoyage (5) en proportion de la dégradation de l'enzyme.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la quantité rajoutée pendant les phases d'arrêt (11) est faible en comparaison de celle rajoutée pendant les phases de lavage (10).
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    on ajoute séparément le produit nettoyant (2, 19) et l'agent de renforcement du nettoyage (5) dans le bain de mouillage ou de lavage.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    on ajoute l'agent de renforcement du nettoyage (5) contenant l'enzyme en parallèle ou après le produit nettoyant peu alcalin (2, 19) dans le bain de mouillage ou de nettoyage.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    on ajoute de l'agent de renforcement du nettoyage (5) contenant 0,01 à 0,6 % en poids d'enzyme, de préférence 0,45 à 0,55 % en poids, notamment de l'amylase, ainsi que de 10 à 25 % en poids, de préférence 15 à 20 % en poids de propylèneglycol, notamment du propylèneglycol-1,2, et une quantité d'eau correspondante.
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé an ce que
    pendant les périodes de dosage d'agent nettoyant (12, 13), on ajoute dans le produit nettoyant (2) peu alcalin, sans enzyme, liquide notamment et l'agent de renforcement du nettoyage (5) contenant l'enzyme en proportion de la consommation de nettoyant en dosage parallèle (16).
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    pendant les périodes de dosage de nettoyant (12, 13) dans le bain de mouillage ou de lavage, on ajoute un produit nettoyant (19), peu alcalin, notamment en poudre contenant l'enzyme en quantité suffisante pour le lavage immédiat et immédiatement après la fin ou pendant les interruptions ou les phases d'arrêt (11) du fonctionnement de la machine à laver la vaisselle et/ou les pauses de dosage (14, 15) du produit nettoyant (19) on ajoute l'agent de renforcement du nettoyage contenant l'enzyme (5) dans le bain de mouillage ou de lavage.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    on ajoute l'agent de renforcement du nettoyage (5) en proportion de la dégradation d'enzyme ou de la décomposition d'enzyme (consommation) pour maintenir la concentration d'enzyme dans le bain de mouillage ou de lavage.
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    on rajoute l'agent de renforcement du nettoyage (5) contenant l'enzyme ajouté dans la machine à laver la vaisselle industrielle (23) qui subit une dégradation d'enzyme ou une décomposition d'enzyme (consommation) dans le cas d'interruptions ou de phases d'arrêt (11) du fonctionnement de la machine à laver la vaisselle et/ou les pauses de dosage (14, 15) du produit nettoyant (2, 19) ou de l'agent de renforcement du nettoyage (5) dans le bain de mouillage ou de lavage, en une quantité qui compense la dégradation ou la décomposition d'enzyme qui se produit pendant chaque interruption ou phase d'arrêt (11) et/ou pause de dosage (14, 15), de sorte qu'à la fin de chaque interruption ou phase d'arrêt (11) et/ou pause de dosage (14, 15) le fonctionnement de la machine se poursuit avec essentiellement la même concentration d'enzyme dans le bain de mouillage ou de lavage qu'avant chaque interruption ou phase d'arrêt (11) et/ou pause de dosage (14,15).
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    immédiatement après la fin ou pendant les interruptions ou les phases d'arrêt (11) et/ou les pauses de dosage (14, 15) du produit nettoyant (2, 19), on rajoute en fonction de la dégradation d'enzyme ou de la décomposition d'enzyme (pertes) l'agent de renforcement du nettoyage (5) contenant l'enzyme pour maintenir la concentration d'enzyme dans le bain de mouillage ou de lavage.
  16. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    on maintient la concentration en enzyme dans le bain de mouillage ou de lavage pendant chaque interruption ou phase d'arrêt (11) et/ou pauses de dosage (14, 15) du produit nettoyant (2, 19) par un dosage d'entretien (17, 18) de l'agent de renforcement du nettoyage contenant l'enzyme (5).
  17. Procédé selon la revendication 16,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    on réalise le dosage d'entretien (17, 18) par des courses de dosage individuelles.
  18. Procédé selon la revendication 16 ou 17,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    on optimise la quantité dosée d'enzyme du dosage d'entretien (17, 18) à l'aide d'une détermination d'activité d'enzyme.
  19. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 16 à 18,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    on commence le dosage d'entretien (17, 18) de l'agent de renforcement du nettoyage (5) contenant l'enzyme, respectivement après décomposition d'environ 20 % de la teneur initiale en enzyme dans le bain de mouillage ou de lavage.
  20. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    immédiatement après la fin de chaque interruption ou phase d'arrêt (11) et/ou pause de dosage (14, 15), a lieu un dosage par impulsion (SD) où on introduit une quantité d'agent de renforcement du nettoyage contenant l'enzyme (5) dans le bain de mouillage ou de lavage, qui correspond à la dégradation de l'enzyme ou à la décomposition de l'enzyme (pertes) produite pendant la durée de chaque interruption ou phase d'arrêt (11) et/ou pause de dosage (14, 15).
  21. Procédé selon la revendication 20,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dosage par impulsion (SD) a lieu à vitesse constante pendant une période de dosage par impulsion (Vt) qui vaut essentiellement : V t = V max * (1 - e -lt ).
    Figure imgb0007
     où Vmax est la durée maximale de dosage par impulsion, λ est l'inverse de la constante de temps τ de la dégradation ou décomposition d'enzyme (consommation) et t est la durée de l'interruption.
  22. Dispositif pour réaliser le procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 21, qui comprend un système de dosage de produit nettoyant (1, 3 ; 20, 21, 22 : 24, 25) et un système de dosage (4, 6 ; 27, 28) d'un autre principe actif avec une pompe associée (4 ; 27) et une commande de pompe,
    caractérisé par
    un système de dosage (4, 6 ; 27, 28) séparé du système de dosage du produit nettoyant (1, 3 ; 20, 21, 22 ; 24, 25) pour doser un agent de renforcement du nettoyage (5) contenant un enzyme, qui présence un état de fonctionnement pour un dosage d'entretien (17, 18) pendant les interruptions ou les phases d'arrêt (11) de fonctionnement de la machine à laver la vaisselle et/ou des pauses de dosage (14, 15) du système de dosage du produit nettoyant (1, 3 ; 20, 21, 22) et/ou un état de fonctionnement pour dosage par impulsion (SD) après la fin des interruptions ou des phases d'arrêt (11) du fonctionnement de la machine à laver la vaisselle et/ou des pauses de dosage (14, 15) du système de dosage du produit nettoyant (24, 25).
  23. Dispositif selon la revendication 22,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le système de dosage de nettoyant (24, 25) coopère avec un compteur (19) qui, pendant les interruptions ou les phases d'arrêt (11) de fonctionnement de la machine et/ou les pauses de dosage (14, 15) compte les impulsions de pause, où l'état de compteur (n) à partir d'une valeur initiale se rapproche en escalier d'une fonction complémentaire de la décomposition d'enzyme (consommation) dans le bain de mouillage ou de lavage, notamment une fonction e, asymptotiquement d'une valeur finale prescrite (nmax) et après la fin de chaque interruption ou phase d'arrêt (11) et/ou pause de dosage (14, 15) il compte à rebours l'état de compteur (n) à fréquence d'horloge (R) constante et commande ainsi la pompe (27) pour le dosage par impulsion (SD) de l'agent de renforcement du nettoyage contenant l'enzyme (5).
  24. Dispositif selon la revendication 23,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la fréquence d'horloge constante (R) du comptage à rebours est égale à nmax/Vmax où nmax est l'état maximal de compteur et Vmax est la durée maximale de dosage par impulsion.
  25. Dispositif selon la revendication 24,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la vitesse d'horloge constante (R) du compteur (19) est telle qu'après une durée d'interruption d'au moins 5 τ (τ = constante de temps de consommation) on atteigne à nouveau la concentration en enzyme (C0) régnant avant l'interruption pour une durée maximale de dosage par impulsion (Vmax).
  26. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 22 à 25,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le système de dosage (4, 6 ; 27, 28) de l'agent de renforcement du nettoyage contenant l'enzyme (5) possède en plus un état de fonctionnement refoulant parallèle au système de dosage de produit nettoyant (1, 3 ; 24, 25) pour un dosage parallèle (16) quand le système de dosage du produit nettoyant est branché.
  27. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 22 à 26,
    caractérisé en ce que
    pour refouler l'agent de renforcement du nettoyage (5) contenant l'enzyme on prévoit une pompe péristaltique (4, 27) commandée par la fréquence ou une pompe à membrane.
  28. Dispositif selon la revendication 27,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la commande correspondante par fréquence de la pompe (4, 27) possède un premier domaine de réglage (I) pour le dosage d'entretien (17, 18) ainsi qu'un deuxième domaine de réglage (II) pour la phase de lavage (10) de la machine à laver la vaisselle quand le système de dosage de produit nettoyant est branché avec une capacité de refoulement nettement renforcée par rapport à la dose du premier domaine de réglage (I).
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DE4324106A DE4324106C1 (de) 1993-05-25 1993-07-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Zudosierung von Wirkstoffen zu einer Spülmaschine
DE4324202A DE4324202C2 (de) 1993-05-25 1993-07-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur maschinellen Geschirreinigung
DE4324202 1993-07-19
PCT/EP1994/001698 WO1994027488A1 (fr) 1993-05-25 1994-05-25 Procede et dispositif de lavage de la vaisselle en machine

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NO954592L (no) 1995-11-14
US6718991B1 (en) 2004-04-13
EP0700265A1 (fr) 1996-03-13
FI955612A (fi) 1995-11-22
CA2163757C (fr) 2004-09-07
NO311123B1 (no) 2001-10-15
FI955612A0 (fi) 1995-11-22
JP3342702B2 (ja) 2002-11-11
WO1994027488A1 (fr) 1994-12-08
NO954592D0 (no) 1995-11-14
EP0700265B2 (fr) 2005-01-05
JPH08510397A (ja) 1996-11-05
ES2105725T3 (es) 1997-10-16
DK0700265T3 (da) 1998-03-16
ATE155987T1 (de) 1997-08-15
TR28788A (tr) 1997-03-25
CA2163757A1 (fr) 1994-12-08

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