EP0699289A1 - Chauffe-eau - Google Patents

Chauffe-eau

Info

Publication number
EP0699289A1
EP0699289A1 EP94918778A EP94918778A EP0699289A1 EP 0699289 A1 EP0699289 A1 EP 0699289A1 EP 94918778 A EP94918778 A EP 94918778A EP 94918778 A EP94918778 A EP 94918778A EP 0699289 A1 EP0699289 A1 EP 0699289A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water heater
combustion
fuel
heater according
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94918778A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0699289B1 (fr
Inventor
Konstantin Ledjeff
Juergen Gieshoff
Alex Schuler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP0699289A1 publication Critical patent/EP0699289A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0699289B1 publication Critical patent/EP0699289B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • F23C13/02—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material characterised by arrangements for starting the operation, e.g. for heating the catalytic material to operating temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/005—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space with combinations of different spraying or vaporising means
    • F23D11/008—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space with combinations of different spraying or vaporising means combination of means covered by sub-groups F23D5/00 and F23D11/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0027—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel
    • F24H1/0045—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel with catalytic combustion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a water heater according to the preamble of claim 1, as e.g. is known from DE-OS 3332572. Furthermore, the applicant's patent 4204320.4 also describes a water heater which has, in particular, a first advantageous combustion stage. For the rest, reference is made to this application for further understanding, in particular of the first combustion stage and to the detailed explanations of the second combustion stage. For better clarity, the reference numbers in this application correspond in part. those of patent 4204320.
  • the object of the invention is therefore according to the water heater. to develop the preamble of claim 1 so that liquid fuels can be used without substantial cracking. This object is achieved by the water heater according to claim 1.
  • the invention makes it possible to thermally couple the first stage of the two-stage catalytic burner to the evaporation chamber.
  • the evaporation chamber is designed as a combustion chamber, for which purpose it has an ignition device. If necessary, e.g. a bypass of the feed for the liquid fuel.
  • the water heater has a supply of primary air to the combustion chamber for this purpose.
  • the fuel is supplied in isolation so that the fuel reaches the evaporation space without cracking.
  • the evaporation chamber can be rotationally symmetrical and to let it rotate, since the fuel is then pressed against the wall and comes into better contact with the wall there, which is on the back of the first combustion stage as a result of the Reaction reaction of the fuel gas-air mixture on the catalyst layer is heated.
  • the subject of the application is a two-stage catalytic burner for liquid fuels and their mixtures with internal evaporation or gasification.
  • the fuel In the interior of the burner, the fuel is vaporized or gasified, possibly with the supply of air (primary air).
  • the energy required for this is provided by the heat of combustion.
  • the fuel gas / air mixture (with added secondary air, which can be the sole air supply after the starting phase) flows over a catalytic surface and reacts there to about 80-85%.
  • the reaction temperatures are around 800 - 900 ° C. Radiation, heat conduction and convection give off heat to the cooling medium and to the evaporation zone.
  • the second stage the remaining fuel is converted in a monolith catalyst.
  • the narrow channels ensure good mass transport and thus a high power density. Temperatures of approximately 1000 ° C. are thus reached, which enable complete conversion. Part of the heat for preheating the primary air can be extracted from the monolith, which e.g. is advantageous for intermittent operation.
  • the catalytic burner (Fig. 1) consists of two stages 16, 20.
  • the first stage consists of a metal tube 31 or ceramic tube coated on the outside with catalyst 13. This catalyst tube is surrounded by a ceramic or metal tube and a cooling jacket, so that a gas gap arises between the catalyst tube and the ceramic tube 11.
  • the mixture of vaporized, gaseous fuel and air flows in this gas gap and reacts on the catalyzed surface of the tube 31.
  • the second stage which is arranged above the first, consists of a ceramic honeycomb structure (monolith), which is coated with catalyst.
  • the exhaust gas from the first stage with the remaining fuel flows through this monolith and reacts completely.
  • the feed line for the primary air and the liquid fuel mixture is arranged centrally in the monolith.
  • Two concentrically arranged pipes 8 and 41 which are passed through the monolith from above, form the feed line for the liquid fuel and the primary air.
  • the primary air which is preheated by the adjacent monolith, flows in the outer tube 41.
  • the liquid fuel flows in the inner tube. This is preheated only slightly, since the gas gap between this tube and the monolith has an insulating effect, so that no evaporation or cracking can occur in the feed tube.
  • These concentric tubes end at the top of the first burner stage.
  • the liquid fuel is finely atomized by means of a nozzle 42 and introduced into the interior of the catalyst tube of the first burner stage, which thus forms the evaporation chamber 40 or combustion chamber.
  • the concentrically supplied primary air which has been preheated by the monolith, also flows into the interior of the catalyst tube through bores made in a ring around the fuel feed line.
  • a high proportion of primary air ensures that the liquid fuel can be evaporated far below its boiling temperature.
  • the addition of primary air can be switched off after the start phase.
  • a fine evaporation surface is achieved through the fine atomization of the fuel and good mass transfer numbers are achieved through the flow of the primary air.
  • the evaporation energy is provided by the heat of the preheated air and by the supply of heat (heat conduction, convection and radiation) from the catalytic tube.
  • the fuel gas / air mixture flows downwards in the interior of the evaporation chamber or burner chamber.
  • a cone 45 built up on the bottom of the burner guides the gas at the lower end of the catalyst tube into the annular gap between the ceramic tube and the catalyst tube.
  • the secondary air is added, which flows directly into the ring gas gap from below.
  • the cone has two main functions. Its task is to allow the fuel gas / air mixture to flow evenly into the annular gap. Without this cone, dead space areas could easily form on the bottom of the burner, from which crack products, for example, could collect. Another important point is that the cone is emitted by the radiation from the evaporation space (rear of the catalyst room) is heated. This can prevent parts of the fuel from condensing out again at the bottom of the burner or when deflected into the gas gap.
  • the fuel gas / air mixture with the added secondary air flows upwards in the annular gap between the ceramic and catalyst tubes. Some of the fuel reacts on the catalytic surface. The energy released is distributed as follows:
  • the catalyst tube is heated or kept at the reaction temperature
  • the catalyst tube has a temperature of approx. 700 - 900 ° C. In this first stage, approximately 80% of the fuel is converted.
  • the gas mixture flows upwards from the annular gap of the first stage into the expanded space below the honeycomb coated with catalyst (e.g. Pt).
  • catalyst e.g. Pt
  • the cross-sectional expansion leads to a slowdown in the flow velocity and to thorough thorough mixing again before the second burner stage.
  • the gas now flows through the narrow channels of the catalyst honeycomb, the remaining fuel being completely converted.
  • the good sales in this second stage are due to the following conditions:
  • the honeycomb reaches temperatures of approx. 900-1000 ° C; the reaction rate is so high at this temperature that the fuel can be completely converted with the relatively long residence time (low flow rate).
  • the primary air the supply of which is located in the center of the honeycomb, can be a little be preheated.
  • the preheating temperature of the primary air must not be too high anyway, since otherwise crack reactions could occur when encountering the atomized fuel.
  • the exhaust air from the second combustion stage is then used in a (not shown) heat exchanger to further heat the water or fluid 2 heated in the first combustion stage.
  • the entire burner is started by igniting a flame in the evaporation chamber.
  • the primary air flow is so large that complete combustion is guaranteed.
  • the flame heats the inside of the catalytic converter tube through radiation, heat conduction and convection.
  • the hot exhaust gases flow downwards, are led through the cone at the bottom into the gas gap and flow through this upwards and through the honeycomb.
  • the hot exhaust gas gives off the heat and thus heats the burner with the honeycomb. If the burner has reached a temperature level at which the catalytic reaction can proceed with a correspondingly high reaction rate (approx. 600 ° C), the flame is switched off. This can be done by briefly switching off the primary air and / or the fuel supply.
  • Crack products formed, which are deposited on the hot inside of the catalyst tube, can be eliminated by igniting a flame in the interior of the catalyst tube at certain time intervals. This flame is operated with excess air so that the cracked products can be burned out on the surfaces.
  • openings 44 are made from the gas space between the first and second stage to the interior of the catalyst tube (evaporation space). These openings, which can be designed as nozzles, cause part of the exhaust gas from the first burner stage to recirculate through the evaporation chamber.
  • the hot exhaust gas brings additional heat required for the evaporation into the evaporator space 3.
  • the water vapor from the combustion present in the recirculated exhaust gas causes parts of the fuel to be reformed to carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and any cracking reactions that may occur can thus be minimized
  • the primary air can be dispensed with.
  • FIG. 3 shows a burner in which a highly porous structure 43 is attached to the inside of the catalyst tube.
  • This structure means that some of the injected fuel droplets, especially the larger ones, are deposited on the porous body and thus do not come into contact with the hot wall of the catalyst tube. Because the temperatures are kept low there can be no cracking.
  • the porous structure can consist of ceramic or metal and can be configured as a cuboid, cylinder or also as a tube. The structure can also be coated with catalyst material to accelerate the evaporation reaction.
  • the first stage of the two-stage catalytic burner is thermally coupled to the evaporation chamber.
  • the evaporation chamber also serves as a combustion chamber for the preheating.
  • the thermal coupling between the first catalyst stage and the evaporation space enables a heat flow from this space, which is then the combustion space, to the first catalyst stage and, in the case of catalytic burner operation, a heat flow from the first catalyst stage to the evaporation space, in order to achieve the required level Provide enthalpy of vaporization.
  • the basic structure of the burner according to the invention is not limited to the sketched tube geometry, but can also be transferred to rectangular channels or plate-shaped arrangements.
  • the water heater can advantageously also be used for heating warm air or another fluid to be heated.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un chauffe-eau comportant une admission (8) pour des combustibles liquides, plusieurs prises d'air frais (41, 46), une admission pour un fluide (2) à chauffer, au moins deux étages de combustion (16, 20) traversés par le mélange combustible-air et comportant des chambres de combustion catalytiques entourées au moins en partie par au moins une chambre à fluide (4) remplie du fluide (2), et un échangeur de chaleur des gaz brûlés pour le fluide (2) à chauffer, qui est traversé par les gaz brûlés qui s'échappent des chambres de combustion. Le premier étage de combustion (16) comprend un espace d'évaporation (40) qui comporte, au moins en partie, la couche de catalyseur (13) sur la face extérieure de son pourtour (31).
EP94918778A 1993-05-26 1994-05-24 Chauffe-eau Expired - Lifetime EP0699289B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4317554 1993-05-26
DE4317554A DE4317554C2 (de) 1993-05-26 1993-05-26 Warmwasserbereiter
PCT/EP1994/001667 WO1994028359A1 (fr) 1993-05-26 1994-05-24 Chauffe-eau

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0699289A1 true EP0699289A1 (fr) 1996-03-06
EP0699289B1 EP0699289B1 (fr) 1997-01-22

Family

ID=6488983

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94918778A Expired - Lifetime EP0699289B1 (fr) 1993-05-26 1994-05-24 Chauffe-eau

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5709174A (fr)
EP (1) EP0699289B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4317554C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994028359A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0671586A1 (fr) * 1994-03-11 1995-09-13 Buderus Heiztechnik GmbH Brûleur catalytique
EP0716263B1 (fr) * 1994-12-06 2002-10-09 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Appareil à combustion
ATE215678T1 (de) * 1996-06-25 2002-04-15 Heinrich Koehne Brenner zur oberflächenverbrennung für flüssige brennstoffe und verfahren zum verbrennen
DE19739704B4 (de) * 1996-09-10 2005-06-02 Vaillant Gmbh Heizeinrichtung
DE19646957B4 (de) 1996-11-13 2005-03-17 Gvp Gesellschaft Zur Vermarktung Der Porenbrennertechnik Mbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von Flüssigbrennstoff
DE19726645C2 (de) * 1997-06-18 2001-07-05 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Katalytischer Brenner
DE19937152B4 (de) * 1999-08-06 2006-09-21 Nucellsys Gmbh Kombiniertes Bauteil zur Nachverbrennung von Anodenabgasen eines Brennstoffzellensystems und zum Verdampfen von dem Brennstoffzellensystem zuzuführenden Edukten
RU2166696C1 (ru) * 2000-03-03 2001-05-10 Институт катализа им. Г.К. Борескова СО РАН Каталитический нагревательный элемент
AT410249B (de) * 2000-10-02 2003-03-25 Kuebel Johann Vorrichtung zum erzeugen thermischer energie aus kleinkörnigen ölfrüchten, vorzugsweise aus raps
US7138093B2 (en) * 2003-07-08 2006-11-21 Mckay Randy Heat exchanger device
US20070269755A2 (en) * 2006-01-05 2007-11-22 Petro-Chem Development Co., Inc. Systems, apparatus and method for flameless combustion absent catalyst or high temperature oxidants
SE530775C2 (sv) * 2007-01-05 2008-09-09 Zemission Ab Värmeanordning för katalytisk förbränning av vätskeformiga bränslen samt en spis innefattande en sådan värmeanordning
US8925543B2 (en) * 2009-01-13 2015-01-06 Aerojet Rocketdyne Of De, Inc. Catalyzed hot gas heating system for pipes
US9587889B2 (en) * 2011-01-06 2017-03-07 Clean Rolling Power, LLC Multichamber heat exchanger
ITMI20112023A1 (it) * 2011-11-08 2013-05-09 Milano Politecnico Caldaia senza fiamma per la produzione di acqua calda
CA2846969C (fr) * 2013-03-15 2022-08-30 Luc Laforest Chambre de combustion de carburant liquefie comportant un evaporateur integre et methode connexe
CA3107299A1 (fr) 2020-01-31 2021-07-31 Rinnai America Corporation Accessoire d`event pour un chauffe-eau sans reservoir

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3125513A1 (de) * 1981-06-29 1983-01-13 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München "verfahren zum betrieb einer vergasungsbrenner/heinzkesselanlage"
DE3332572C2 (de) * 1983-09-09 1986-10-30 Insumma Projektgesellschaft mbH, 8500 Nürnberg Brennwertgerät für Kohlenwasserstoffe
DE3425259C2 (de) * 1984-07-10 1986-10-23 Wolfgang 5063 Overath Schmitter Wärmeerzeuger
DE4204320C1 (fr) * 1992-02-13 1993-08-12 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung Ev, 8000 Muenchen, De

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9428359A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4317554C2 (de) 1997-03-06
EP0699289B1 (fr) 1997-01-22
US5709174A (en) 1998-01-20
DE59401664D1 (de) 1997-03-06
DE4317554A1 (de) 1994-12-01
WO1994028359A1 (fr) 1994-12-08

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