EP1060346B1 - Procede et dispositif pour la combustion d'un combustible liquide - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour la combustion d'un combustible liquide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1060346B1
EP1060346B1 EP97949901A EP97949901A EP1060346B1 EP 1060346 B1 EP1060346 B1 EP 1060346B1 EP 97949901 A EP97949901 A EP 97949901A EP 97949901 A EP97949901 A EP 97949901A EP 1060346 B1 EP1060346 B1 EP 1060346B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
porous
liquid fuel
process according
porous medium
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP97949901A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1060346A2 (fr
Inventor
Franz Durst
Michael Keppler
Miroslaw Weclas
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Invent - Entwicklung Neuer Technologien GmbH
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Invent - Entwicklung Neuer Technologien GmbH
Invent Entwicklung Neuer Technologien GmbH
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Publication of EP1060346A2 publication Critical patent/EP1060346A2/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F23C99/006—Flameless combustion stabilised within a bed of porous heat-resistant material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for Combustion of liquid fuel, especially oil, after the preamble of claims 1 and 24.
  • Such a burner is characterized by a low material Pollutant emissions and a very high dynamic performance (up to 1:20) and the air ratio.
  • you can the exhaust gases through an embedded in the porous material Heat exchangers are cooled very effectively, so very high efficiency and improved fuel efficiency be guaranteed.
  • Such burner / heat exchanger combinations require only about 1/10 of the size of known Systems.
  • the known burner cannot be used with liquid fuels, such as oil or the like.
  • EP 0 524 736 A2 discloses a method and an apparatus to carry out a controlled reaction in a porous matrix.
  • Gas or steam is emitted from a room tubular porous extending vertically upward therefrom Funds directed. This takes place within the porous medium Combustion.
  • the heat generated during combustion flows predominantly downstream and reaches another Room. - This process is not for burning liquid Suitable fuels.
  • the location of the flame front in the porous Body is unstable. To stabilize the position one with Temperature measuring device coupled device for control of the volume flow required.
  • the known Process heat is transferred to the surrounding medium incompletely transmitted by convection. The efficiency increasing preheating of the combustion mixture takes place not instead. Gas remaining in the room after switching off or steam residues can disadvantageously lead to spontaneous combustion contribute.
  • the known evaporator is disadvantageous in several ways. Because of the only after the oil has evaporated Mixing with air will take a long distance to form one homogeneous air / oil mixture required. Because of the capillary forces based suction of the oil in the porous plate must these should be very fine-pored. But that leads to that it clogs due to impurities contained in the oil and therefore must be cleaned regularly. To a sufficient amount To provide oil vapor, the porous plate must a relatively large, full area in contact with an oil supply have standing surface. This requirement works compact design of the well-known oil burner. Moreover is the commissioning of one that has been combined with this evaporator Brenners not immediately possible, because the formation of the Oil vapor takes a certain amount of time. After switching off an oil vapor / air mixture remains in the burner Evaporator, which can lead to undesirable combustion can.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of Eliminate prior art.
  • a simple one Process for the most pollutant-free and efficient Combustion of liquid fuels, especially oil, specified become.
  • a device for combustion is also intended be provided by liquid fuels, if possible simple and compact design and inexpensive to manufacture is.
  • a device containing a porous body to vaporize one of the liquid fuel and one gaseous oxidizing agent provided mixture which is upstream of the porous agent and downstream the distribution device is arranged.
  • the invention Process enables a particularly efficient and Low pollutant combustion of the liquid fuel used.
  • S L the laminar flame speed
  • d m is the equivalent diameter for the central cavity of the porous material
  • c p the specific heat of the gas mixture
  • ⁇ the density of the gas mixture
  • ⁇ thermal conductivity of the gas mixture.
  • the equation shows that the conditions for flame development essentially depend on the equivalent diameter d m for the central cavity or the average pore diameter of the porous material.
  • the process-dependent parameters are to be determined for a given oxidizing agent / liquid fuel mixture under the conditions prevailing at the inlet, ie in the region of the mixture inlet side, of the porous agent. They are defined in particular by the type of liquid fuel and the oxidizing agent as well as their mixing ratio.
  • the process according to the invention has the remarkable advantage that the thermal conductivity ⁇ and the temperature of the oxidizing agent / liquid fuel mixture do not necessarily have to be selected such that they are below the explosion limit when they enter the porous agent.
  • the distribution device and / or the porous agent is a gaseous one Oxidizing agents, especially air, to form one the liquid fuel and the oxidizing agent Mixture supplied.
  • the distribution device can be a Have device for atomizing the liquid fuel.
  • the device for atomization can for example by be flushed with a stream of gaseous oxidizing agent.
  • the atomization device advantageously has a
  • the atomization device can also be a 2-component nozzle have the liquid fuel and under pressure standing oxidant can be supplied. - This will an oxidizing agent and liquid fuel. first mixture formed, which is still with further oxidizing agent can be enriched.
  • the device for atomization is conveniently in the Arranged near the porous agent. It can refer to the porous agents can be moved back and forth. With cylindrical Formation of the porous agent is the atomization device advantageously arranged in the cylinder axis.
  • the porous agent on a mixture inlet side with one communicating Porous element having pore space is preferably through a flame development non-enabling Péclet number, which is usually smaller is defined as 65.
  • a device be provided for evaporation of the mixture, which is expedient a communicating pore space contains porous body.
  • the average pore diameter of the porous body can be larger than that of the porous element his. This facilitates distribution, mixing and evaporation of the liquid fuel.
  • the porous agent is with the porous Element in contact.
  • the porous element can, expediently on the upstream side, with the porous Body in contact.
  • the porous element forms on the Mixture inlet side of the porous agent has a flame arrester burning of the mixture against the direction of the mass flow, especially in the as a device for evaporation acting porous body, prevented.
  • the element for the porous medium becomes that in the porous medium heat generated by combustion not only in the form of Heat radiation, but also by heat conduction on the porous Element and the porous body transferred. That represents one complete gasification of the mixture before entering the porous means sure.
  • the distribution device expediently has a means to generate liquid jets, this and / or the device for atomization in a porous Project element or recess provided in the porous body can / can. This enables a particularly compact design.
  • the oxidizing agent and / or the liquid fuel and / or the device for evaporation by means of a Heating device to be heated.
  • the one for the heater The heat required is preferably from the hot combustion gases transfer.
  • a warming of the oxidizing agent can also be caused by the addition of hot combustion gases can be achieved.
  • the mixture can be in the porous medium or in the Device for evaporation or in the vicinity of the distribution device provided ignition device are ignited. If provided near the distribution facility Ignition device it may be appropriate to first of all Distribution device to ignite emerging mixture and free to burn to heat the porous agent. Then will the liquid fuel supply and thus the free combustion prevented. Ignites when liquid fuel is added again the mixture that forms automatically in the preheated porous Medium; there is now no free combustion.
  • the reactor has a porous one Medium-receiving housing, the housing being the porous Element and the device for evaporation can surround.
  • the porous agent is conveniently from a heat exchanger surround.
  • the porous medium arranged below the distribution device so that one resulting from the combustion in the opposite direction to the mass flow Counterflow is formed. That enables one Preheating the mixture supplied by the mass flow. Moreover the counterflow slows down the mass flow. This will the position of the flame front was kept stable.
  • a device containing a porous body to vaporize one of the liquid fuel and one gaseous oxidizing agent provided mixture which is upstream of the porous agent and downstream the distribution device is arranged.
  • the invention Device can be compact and simple and inexpensive Form are made. It enables low-pollution Burning liquid fuel.
  • the device is particularly characterized by high dynamics and ability to modulate the performance range, high air dynamics and high specific power density out.
  • Suitable materials for the production of the porous agent as well of the porous element are metal, metal oxides, ceramics as well as ceramic-coated metal. Also fill or aggregates of individual elements, such as balls or the like, can be used Find.
  • General criteria for material selection are dimensional stability, thermal shock resistance, chemical and thermal stability as well as the heat transport properties, e.g. the thermal conductivity or the coefficient of thermal radiation.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment variant in a schematic diagram of the method according to the invention.
  • Liquid fuel is produced with the help of a porous body distributed so that the surface of the liquid fuel increased. Air is supplied to the porous body at the same time, what an intimate mixture with the distributed liquid fuel causes.
  • the one consisting of air and liquid fuel Mixture is according to the mass flow through the porous Body moves towards the porous agent on the mixture inlet side a porous acting as a flame arrester Element.
  • Combustion is preferably direct heat Contact standing porous element and from there on the porous Body transferred. As a result, this heats up through the porous Body and the mixture moving the porous element increasingly and evaporates or is converted into the gas phase. The mixture is completely homogenized in the porous body. In particular, to support evaporation the porous body can also be heated. Finally got there the evaporated mixture into the porous medium and will burned there.
  • FIG. 2 is a first embodiment of an inventive Device shown.
  • a general one Distribution device designated by reference number 1 essentially from a distributor 2.
  • the distributor 2 protrudes into a recess provided on a porous body 3 4.
  • the porous body 3 is in direct contact with a porous Element 5, whose Péclet number is less than 65.
  • the porous element 5 in turn is in direct contact with one porous agent 6.
  • the porous agent forming the burner 6 is provided with an ignition device 7.
  • the porous body 3 here has several zones or layers 8, 9 and 10, their porosity and average pore diameter are different.
  • the distribution device 1 consists of a liquid fuel nozzle 11, the upstream and above the porous body 3 is arranged. Is downstream of the porous agent 6 a heat exchanger 12 is arranged, which in a large pore Element 13 is embedded.
  • the porous body 3, the porous Element 5, the porous medium 6 and the coarse-pored element 13 are accommodated in a housing 14 designed here as a tube.
  • Fig. 4 shows a third particularly simple embodiment.
  • the porous medium 6 extends over one essential portion of the housing 14.
  • a mixture inlet side 15 of the porous agent 6 is directly from here the liquid fuel nozzle 11 emerging liquid fuel applied.
  • Air / liquid fuel mixture or liquid fuel arrives in the porous body 3 and there is radial over the entire Cross section distributed.
  • the mixture or the liquid fuel entering the porous body 3 Air L mixed and homogenized.
  • transport is further homogenized and Fine distribution of the mixture.
  • the mixture is added Exposure to the heat transferred from the porous medium 6 evaporated.
  • the steam or the gasified mixture does this acting as a flame barrier porous element 5 and arrives finally into the porous medium 6 where it is burned.
  • the Combustion gases are on the outlet side 16 of the porous Dissipated by means of 6 and passed over the heat exchanger 12.
  • the 2-substance nozzle 17 consists of a liquid fuel nozzle 11, which is surrounded by an air nozzle 18.
  • the air nozzle 18 is provided with openings 19 for sucking in air.
  • the Air / liquid fuel mixture passes through one in the air nozzle 18 provided opening 20 from.
  • FIG. 6a shows a cross section through a distributor 2.
  • This consists essentially of a cylinder 21, the interior via radially arranged nozzles 22 with the environment in Connection is established.
  • the arrangement of the nozzles 22 is particularly good clearly from Fig. 6b.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Wick-Type Burners And Burners With Porous Materials (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Claims (46)

  1. Procédé pour la combustion d'un combustible liquide (F), en particulier du mazout, le combustible liquide (F) étant distribué au moyen d'un répartiteur (1) et transvasé dans un réacteur disposé en aval muni d'un moyen poreux (6) présentant une chambre à pores communiquante, dont le nombre Péclet permet une propagation des flammes et une combustion complète du combustible liquide (F) à l'intérieur du moyen poreux (6), caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif contenant un corps poreux (3) est prévu pour l'évaporation d'un mélange constitué du combustible liquide et d'un agent d'oxydation gazeux, disposé en amont du moyen poreux (6) et en aval du répartiteur (1).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, où le nombre de Péclet du moyen poreux (6) est supérieur à 65.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, où un agent d'oxydation gazeux (L), en particulier de l'air, est amené au répartiteur (1) pour former un mélange constitué du combustible liquide (F) et de l'agent d'oxydation gazeux (L).
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, où le répartiteur (1) présente un dispositif pour atomiser le combustible liquide (F).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, où le dispositif d'atomisation présente une buse (11) à laquelle est amené le combustible liquide (F) sous pression.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 4 ou 5, où le dispositif d'atomisation présente une buse à deux substances (17) à laquelle sont amenés le combustible liquide (F) et l'agent d'oxydation (L) maintenu sous pression.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, où le dispositif d'atomisation est disposé dans le voisinage du moyen poreux (6).
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, où le moyen poreux (6) est doté, sur sa face d'admission du mélange (15), d'un élément poreux (5) présentant une chambre à pores communiquante.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, où la chambre à pores de l'élément poreux (5) présente un nombre de Péclet ne permettant pas une propagation des flammes.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, où le nombre de Péclet de l'élément poreux (5) est inférieur à 65.
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où le corps poreux (3) est chauffé par le rayonnement thermique formé dans le moyen poreux (6).
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où le corps poreux (3) présente une chambre à pores communiquante dont le diamètre de pores moyen est de préférence supérieur à celui de l'élément poreux (5).
  13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où le moyen poreux (6) est en contact avec l'élément poreux (5).
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où l'élément poreux (5) est en contact avec le corps poreux (3).
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où le répartiteur (1) présente un moyen pour produire des jets liquides (2).
  16. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où le dispositif d'atomisation (11) et/ou le moyen permettant de produire des jets liquides (2) s'avancent dans une cavité (4) prévue dans l'élément poreux (5) ou le corps poreux (3).
  17. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où l'agent d'oxydation (L) et/ou le combustible liquide (F) et/ou le dispositif d'évaporation est/sont chauffé(s) au moyen d'un dispositif de chauffage.
  18. Procédé selon la revendication 17, où la puissance de chauffe du dispositif de chauffage est obtenue à partir de l'enthalpie des gaz de combustion.
  19. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où le mélange est allumé par un dispositif d'allumage (7) prévu dans le moyen poreux (6) ou dans le dispositif d'évaporation ou dans le voisinage du répartiteur (1).
  20. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où le réacteur présente un logement (14) accueillant le moyen poreux (6).
  21. Procédé selon la revendication 20, où le logement (14) entoure l'élément poreux (5) et le dispositif d'évaporation.
  22. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où un élément à gros pores (13) ayant un échangeur de chaleur (12) incorporé est prévu en aval du moyen poreux (6).
  23. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où le moyen poreux (6) est disposé en dessous du répartiteur (1) de manière à former un contre-courant, apparaissant au cours de la combustion, dirigé dans le sens opposé au flux de la masse.
  24. Dispositif pour la combustion d'un combustible liquide en particulier du mazout, le combustible liquide (F) pouvant être distribué au moyen d'un répartiteur (1) et pouvant être transvasé dans un réacteur disposé en aval muni d'un moyen poreux (6) présentant une chambre à pores communiquante, dont le nombre Péclet permet une propagation des flammes et une combustion complète du combustible liquide (F) à l'intérieur du moyen poreux (6), caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif contenant un corps poreux (3) est prévu pour l'évaporation d'un mélange constitué du combustible liquide (F) et d'un agent d'oxydation gazeux, disposé en amont du moyen poreux (6) et en aval du répartiteur (1).
  25. Dispositif selon la revendication 24, où le nombre de Péclet du moyen poreux (6) est supérieur à 65.
  26. Dispositif selon la revendication 24 ou 25, où le répartiteur (1) présente une amenée pour un agent d'oxydation gazeux (L), en particulier de l'air, pour former un mélange constitué du combustible liquide (F) et de l'agent d'oxydation gazeux (L).
  27. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 24 à 25, où le répartiteur (1) présente un dispositif pour atomiser le combustible liquide (F).
  28. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 24 à 26, où le dispositif d'atomisation présente une buse (11) à laquelle peut être amené le combustible liquide (F) sous pression.
  29. Dispositif selon la revendication 27 ou 28, où le dispositif d'atomisation présente une buse à deux substances (17) à laquelle peuvent être amenés le combustible liquide (F) et l'agent d'oxydation (L) maintenu sous pression.
  30. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes 27 à 29, où le dispositif d'atomisation est disposé dans le voisinage du moyen poreux (6).
  31. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 24 à 30 précédentes où le moyen poreux (6) est doté, sur sa face d'admission du mélange (15), d'un élément poreux (5) présentant une chambre à pores communiquante.
  32. Dispositif selon la revendication 31, où la chambre à pores de l'élément poreux (5) présente un nombre de Péclet ne permettant pas une propagation des flammes.
  33. Dispositif selon la revendication 32, où le nombre de Péclet de l'élément poreux (5) est inférieur à 65.
  34. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 24 à 33, où le corps poreux (3) est chauffé par le rayonnement thermique formé dans le moyen poreux (6).
  35. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 24 à 34, où le corps poreux (3) présente une chambre à pores communiquante dont le diamètre de pores moyen est de préférence supérieur à celui de l'élément poreux (5).
  36. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 24 à 35, où le moyen poreux (6) est en contact avec l'élément poreux (5).
  37. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 24 à 36, où l'élément poreux (5) est en contact avec le corps poreux (3).
  38. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 24 à 37, où le répartiteur (1) présente un moyen pour produire des jets liquides (2).
  39. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 24 à 38, où le dispositif d'atomisation (11) et/ou le moyen permettant de produire des jets liquides (2) s'avancent dans une cavité (4) prévue dans l'élément poreux (5) ou le corps poreux (3).
  40. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 24 à 39, où un dispositif de chauffage est prévu pour chauffer l'agent d'oxydation (L) et/ou le combustible liquide (F) et/ou le dispositif d'évaporation.
  41. Dispositif selon la revendication 40, où le dispositif de chauffage est chauffable par l'enthalpie des gaz de combustion.
  42. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 24 à 41, où un dispositif d'allumage (7) est prévu dans le moyen poreux (6) ou dans le dispositif d'évaporation (25) ou dans le voisinage du répartiteur (1) pour allumer le mélange.
  43. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 24 à 42, où le réacteur présente un logement (14) accueillant le moyen poreux (6).
  44. Dispositif selon la revendication 43, où le logement (14) entoure l'élément poreux (5) et le dispositif d'évaporation.
  45. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 24 à 44, où un élément à gros pores (13) ayant un échangeur de chaleur (12) incorporé est prévu en aval du moyen poreux (6).
  46. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 24 à 45, où le moyen poreux (6) est disposé en dessous du répartiteur (1) de manière à former un contre-courant, apparaissant au cours de la combustion, dirigé dans le sens opposé au flux de la masse.
EP97949901A 1996-11-13 1997-11-10 Procede et dispositif pour la combustion d'un combustible liquide Expired - Lifetime EP1060346B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19646957A DE19646957B4 (de) 1996-11-13 1996-11-13 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von Flüssigbrennstoff
DE19646957 1996-11-13
PCT/DE1997/002622 WO1998021523A2 (fr) 1996-11-13 1997-11-10 Procede et dispositif pour la combustion d'un combustible liquide

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1060346A2 EP1060346A2 (fr) 2000-12-20
EP1060346B1 true EP1060346B1 (fr) 2003-02-05

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EP97949901A Expired - Lifetime EP1060346B1 (fr) 1996-11-13 1997-11-10 Procede et dispositif pour la combustion d'un combustible liquide

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US6257868B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1060346B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4029179B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1227476C (fr)
AT (1) ATE232281T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2270971A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19646957B4 (fr)
DK (1) DK1060346T3 (fr)
EA (1) EA001328B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2195188T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT1060346E (fr)
WO (1) WO1998021523A2 (fr)

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DE59709288D1 (de) 2003-03-13
ATE232281T1 (de) 2003-02-15
DE19646957B4 (de) 2005-03-17
WO1998021523A2 (fr) 1998-05-22
ES2195188T3 (es) 2003-12-01
WO1998021523A3 (fr) 1998-11-12
US6257868B1 (en) 2001-07-10
CA2270971A1 (fr) 1998-05-22
DE19646957A1 (de) 1998-05-14
JP2001504204A (ja) 2001-03-27
EP1060346A2 (fr) 2000-12-20
CN1237239A (zh) 1999-12-01
CN1227476C (zh) 2005-11-16
DK1060346T3 (da) 2003-05-26
PT1060346E (pt) 2003-06-30
EA001328B1 (ru) 2001-02-26
JP4029179B2 (ja) 2008-01-09
EA199900465A1 (ru) 1999-12-29

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