EP0405481B1 - Dispositif pour pulvériser un fluide - Google Patents

Dispositif pour pulvériser un fluide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0405481B1
EP0405481B1 EP90112203A EP90112203A EP0405481B1 EP 0405481 B1 EP0405481 B1 EP 0405481B1 EP 90112203 A EP90112203 A EP 90112203A EP 90112203 A EP90112203 A EP 90112203A EP 0405481 B1 EP0405481 B1 EP 0405481B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact body
liquid
mist
carrier gas
disposed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90112203A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0405481A1 (fr
Inventor
Siegfried W. Schilling
Lothar Dr. Albano-Müller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sintermetallwerk Krebsoege GmbH
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Sintermetallwerk Krebsoege GmbH
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Publication of EP0405481A1 publication Critical patent/EP0405481A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M17/00—Carburettors having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of preceding main groups F02M1/00 - F02M15/00
    • F02M17/18—Other surface carburettors
    • F02M17/26—Other surface carburettors with other wetted bodies
    • F02M17/28—Other surface carburettors with other wetted bodies fuel being drawn through a porous body
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/0012—Apparatus for achieving spraying before discharge from the apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/168—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed with means for heating or cooling after mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/1686—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed involving vaporisation of the material to be sprayed or of an atomising-fluid-generating product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/24—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space
    • F23D11/26—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space with provision for varying the rate at which the fuel is sprayed
    • F23D11/30—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space with provision for varying the rate at which the fuel is sprayed with return feed of uncombusted sprayed fuel to reservoir
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
    • F23K5/14—Details thereof
    • F23K5/22—Vaporising devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for atomizing a liquid according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • atomization or mist devices which are operated with a propellant gas (air) to atomize a liquid.
  • Oil mist devices for bearing lubrication or compressed air oil atomizers for heating oil burners in the household sector or water vapor pressure atomizers in the industrial sector are mentioned here.
  • heating oil is atomized using compressed air or water vapor in an injector nozzle or on curved guide surfaces.
  • Good atomization levels are achieved with small throughputs.
  • a disadvantage is the expenditure on equipment for generating the compressed air, for example in the case of compressed air atomizers.
  • an evaporation nozzle for a welding or cutting torch which has a chamber-like nozzle body which is filled with spherical metal particles.
  • the filling serves as an open-pore contact body.
  • the liquid fuel is introduced into the evaporation chamber and completely evaporated within the contact body, so that the generated steam mixed with oxygen as fuel gas emerges from the nozzle plate closing the outlet opening of the evaporation chamber.
  • the evaporation of the liquid fuel can only be effected here by heating the contact body filling of the evaporation chamber to a correspondingly high level.
  • a burner which has a nozzle plate designed as a perforated plate as a flame holder, which is provided on its side facing away from the flames with a porous metal body as a distributor body.
  • This burner is operated in such a way that the liquid fuel is injected into heated air and is largely evaporated in the hot air.
  • the aim of the porous metal block is to collect undevaporated fuel particles, which are then driven through this porous and likewise heated metal body by the entire air already loaded with fuel vapor and are thereby completely evaporated. Even if the porous metal body is very large-pored, the combustion air must be made available at high pressure, since the combustion air and the entire amount of gasified fuel must be conveyed through the metal body with considerable pressure loss.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device for atomizing a liquid, which enables a reliable division of the liquid flow into droplets of a size smaller than 100 microns with the least expenditure on equipment, whereby the fog quality should be modifiable for the respective purpose.
  • gas in the sense of the following explanations here includes both a gas or a gas mixture in the proper sense, such as air, and a vapor which is itself generated in addition or from the liquid to be atomized.
  • liquid in the sense of the following explanations also includes mixtures of different liquids, also in the form of emulsions or liquid-gas or liquid-vapor mixtures with a predominant liquid component.
  • the advantage of the device according to the invention is that the liquid supplied to the open-pored contact body is driven by the gas through the pore channels of the contact body, so that a large number of small bubbles form on the surface of the contact body.
  • the size of the bubbles depends essentially on the surface tension of the liquid to be atomized. Because of the large number of pore openings lying next to one another, only small bubbles can form which soon burst, whereby a large number of very fine drops form from the bursting bubble shell.
  • the liquid which is forced through the pore channels of the contact body repeatedly spreads out on the surface of the contact body and covers the "outlet openings" of the pore channels again, so that bubbles form continuously.
  • the mist that forms is removed by the natural convection of the atmosphere surrounding the surface of the contact body or by a selectively guided carrier gas stream, for example an air stream. Since such fine atomization of the liquid can be achieved with the device according to the invention, there is a further advantage that this mist, consisting of the propellant gas, liquid drops and superheated vapor of the liquid, which is due to the relatively large droplet surface area (1765 m2 / kg ) and the present partial pressure drop, can be conducted with the aid of a carrier gas flow via a line system also via diversions, whereby only the usual conditions for avoiding falling below the dew point and thus for condensation processes on the channel surfaces, for example by heating the carrier gas and / or heating the channel walls, must be observed.
  • the liquid to be atomized can in the simplest case be applied to the contact body without pressure, that is to say only the pressure energy which is necessary as conveying energy is to be applied and it is only necessary to apply the energy which is necessary for generating the gas pressure for the atomization .
  • the open-pore contact body which can also be formed, for example, by a pore layer placed on a liquid distribution body, primarily has the function of forming a on the "exit side", ie on the side on which the mist is removed from the surface To cause a large number of fine liquid bubbles. In the simplest embodiment, this can be brought about by a sieve-like body with a large number of very fine bores, for example bores produced with the aid of laser beams.
  • the pores in the area of the exit-side surface of the contact body are at least partially provided with sharp-edged projections. This facilitates the formation of bubbles on the one hand, but on the other hand causes the bubbles to tear off more quickly and the desired finely divided drops can form. It is particularly expedient here if the pore openings have an irregular opening geometry, at least in the area of the mist exit surface of the contact body. Irregular opening geometry in the sense of the invention means not only that the axes of the outlet openings are oriented at different angles to the outlet surface, but also that the contour of the pore openings is also irregular.
  • the open-pore sintered molded body can consist of a purely ceramic material or else of so-called sintered metal.
  • the particular advantage of using a sintered material for the contact body is that the requirements for an irregular exit geometry and the presence of sharp-edged projections can be produced in a simple manner, at least in the area of the exit openings, since the granular material to be used for the sintering process comes from the previous size reduction process have sharp-edged contours at least for part of the grain spectrum, which are not lost even during the sintering process.
  • a very fine capillary structure for the contact body can be achieved, whereby not only “longitudinal channels” but also “transverse channels” are present in the contact body due to the predetermined open porosity, so that here due to the constantly changing pressure conditions on the outlet surface a corresponding flow through the contact body takes place in connection with the formation of bubbles and the bursting of the bubbles.
  • a sintered material is that the contact body as such does not need to have a large "throughflow length" in terms of its flow through liquid and / or gas, but rather can be used as a relatively thin-walled sintered material layer.
  • a sintered material is that practically any surface contour can be specified for the outlet side but also for the inlet side, so that the shape of the contact body can be optimally matched to the conditions of use. It is possible, for example, to shape the contour of the contact body when removing the generated mist by a flowing carrier gas in such a way that there are optimal removal conditions for the generated mist for the entire outlet surface with respect to the direction of flow of the carrier gas.
  • the fact that the contact body can be made relatively thin-walled, that is, a relatively short flow length for both the liquid and the compressed gas is present, despite the fine porosity, only relatively small overpressures compared to the space to be filled with the fog are necessary.
  • the contact body is designed in such a way that it has a porosity which corresponds to a void volume between approximately 30 to 80%, preferably 40 to 60% of the contact body volume. However, a cavity volume of approximately 45% to 55% of the contact body volume is preferred. It is also expedient here if the equivalent mean pore diameter in the contact body is between approximately 20 to 150 ⁇ m, preferably between 40 and 100 ⁇ m.
  • the contact body is connected to a heating device.
  • This arrangement is particularly useful for such applications when liquid mixtures with a low-boiling liquid fraction are to be atomized. Instead of one Exposure to gas then generates the compressed gas necessary for the propellant and bubble formation process by evaporating a part of the liquid to be atomized, only the heating energy required for the evaporation of the liquid quantity in question being supplied to the contact body. It is particularly expedient if the heating device is arranged on a surface of the contact body facing away from the fog exit surface.
  • This arrangement has the advantage that there is a temperature gradient within the contact body in the main flow direction, so that the highest temperature and thus the strongest evaporation power is present on the side facing away from the mist exit surface and thus a correspondingly large amount of liquid is nebulized on the mist exit surface by the vapor that forms becomes.
  • a particular advantage of heating the contact body consists above all in a good control option, since the amount of the atomized liquid can also be regulated in part via the supply of heating energy, since the degree of bubble formation on the fog exit surface is directly dependent on the amount required for fog formation Compressed gas in the form of vaporized liquid is dependent.
  • This procedure has the advantage that the "pressurized gas" required for nebulization is achieved by evaporating part of the liquid to be nebulized.
  • the particular advantage here is that for the generation of Pressure only the thermal energy is necessary to evaporate part (approx. 10 to 20%) of the liquid, since the required pressure build-up occurs automatically due to the considerable increase in volume caused by the evaporation process.
  • the heating of the liquid can take place before the liquid enters the contact body, so that with a corresponding pre-pressure of the liquid in the pores in the area of the outlet surface of the contact body, spontaneous vapor formation occurs due to the pressure drop, since the liquid overheats in relation to the expansion pressure is.
  • the method can be modified in such a way that only a partial flow of the liquid is heated to boiling temperature under pressure and is used to form the compressed gas, while the other partial flow is applied to the contact body only with the normal delivery pressure.
  • a particular effect of the method according to the invention results from the fact that the liquid to be atomized is absorbed by the pore channels of the contact body due to the capillary action, so that the amount of liquid removed from the surface of the contact body as a mist can run on practically automatically. It is also particularly expedient if the liquid is heated via the contact body itself.
  • the liquid is applied to the contact body as a liquid mixture of at least two liquid fractions with different boiling points and the pressurized gas is generated by heating the liquid to at least the boiling temperature of the lowest-boiling liquid fraction.
  • the liquid mixture to be atomized can also be produced specifically for the purpose of the method, in which case the amount of the low-boiling fraction also corresponds exactly to that Needs of the procedure can be addressed.
  • the contact body is enclosed by a mixing chamber which has an inlet opening for a carrier gas and an outlet opening for the discharge of the carrier gas mixed with the generated mist.
  • the supply line for the liquid opens out in the upper region on the contact body and that an excess liquid collector provided with a discharge line is provided in the lower region of the contact body. This ensures that only liquid droplets below a minimum size are drawn off from the carrier gas and thus only a mist is led to the point of use.
  • the contact body is designed as a channel body which forms the outlet opening of a pressure chamber with an end connected to the liquid supply.
  • the liquid to be atomized is passed through the contact body, as is the compressed gas.
  • the contact body is thus used in a similar manner to the previously known nozzles. If the compressed gas is not generated by the evaporation of part of the liquid in the contact body itself, it is expedient in a further embodiment if a supply line for a compressed gas opens into the pressure chamber.
  • the invention further relates to a device, in particular for atomizing heating oil for combustion purposes.
  • the contact body is preferably tubular and is preferably arranged vertically in the mixing chamber and is connected to a heating device, and the liquid is dispensed in the region of one end of the contact body is arranged.
  • heating oil consists of a liquid mixture formed from several fractions with different boiling temperatures and that the evaporation of a partial fraction required for atomization occurs even at relatively low temperatures.
  • the steam produced here also forms part of the mist to be formed.
  • oil has particularly good wetting properties, so that the pores of the contact body, which also preferably consists of a sintered material, soak up with the heating oil.
  • the liquid to be evaporated can also be fed directly onto the mist exit surface. In the embodiment according to the invention, this takes place at the upper end of the contact body, so that the liquid can drain off when the pores are overloaded over the outer surface of the contact body, the process being carried out in such a way that the contact body is not oversaturated with liquid, since the formation of bubbles by the closed oil film on the outlet surface is hindered. While it is fundamentally possible to evaporate the oil to be burned for combustion purposes by supplying heat, the method and the device according to the invention offer considerable power savings. Around 330 watts of net heating power are required to generate saturated steam from one kilogram of heating oil.
  • the passage for the heating oil mist and / or a mist-air mixture is connected to an exhaust line and that the end of the exhaust line located in the combustion chamber is designed as a burner head. Since air is used as the carrier gas to remove the generated mist, the quantity of which is measured from the point of view of the primary air, this results in the possibility of supplying the burner head with an optimally prepared fuel-air mixture.
  • the amount of primary air is substoichiometric with respect to the combustion conditions, so that the burner head is supplied with an over-greased fuel-air mixture which, due to the fine-particle atomization, has a practically gas character.
  • the burner head can be designed in the usual way like a gas burner with controllable supply devices for supplying secondary air in order to adjust the air conditions required for residue-free combustion.
  • the burner head is designed as a flame holder and consists of an open-pore sintered material through a molded body.
  • This arrangement has the advantage that after the ignition of the mixture emerging from the flame holder, the oxidation reaction between the fuel mist and the atmospheric oxygen begins within the pore body, so that the combustion takes place silently and without a visible gas flame body if the fuel-air ratio is set accordingly .
  • the further particular advantage of the configuration according to the invention is then that the flame holder represents the actual flame body in its outer shape and can thus be adapted directly to the geometry of the combustion chamber or the heat exchanger surfaces defined by the combustion chamber.
  • a pressure chamber 1 which is closed by an open-pore contact body made of a sintered material, is passed through a Feed pump 3 a liquid, for example heating oil, and a gas, for example air, introduced via a compressor 4.
  • a liquid for example heating oil
  • a gas for example air
  • the liquid-gas mixture is driven out of the pressure chamber 1 through the pores of the contact body 2, the temperature of the entire arrangement being below the boiling point of the liquid.
  • the mist outlet side 5 of the contact body 2 by the fact that small bubbles form at the pore openings of the contact body and burst continuously, with part of the liquid contained in the bubble surface freely entering the collecting space in the form of very fine drops and is practically completely removed from the fog exit surface 5 when a carrier gas is used.
  • at least the mist exit surface 5 is oriented vertically, so that a collector 6 for the excess liquid can be arranged at its lower end. Since this is a two-phase flow, the pump 3 only has to work against the pressure of the gas. However, the liquid supply can be metered in such a way that practically no liquid runs off on the fog exit surface.
  • the method explained with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 dispenses with the supply of an additional compressed gas.
  • the liquid to be atomized is conveyed via a feed pump 3 into a pressure chamber 1, which is preferably closed off from a sintered material by an open-pore contact body 2.
  • a heating device 7 is arranged in the pressure chamber 1, which heats the liquid to be atomized to a temperature above the boiling point of the liquid, based on the pressure at the surface 5.
  • the contact body 2 is designed as a so-called channel body, i.e. the contact body 2 is flowed through by the liquid to be atomized in its full length, so that in any case there must be a pressure drop between the pressure chamber 1 and the fog exit surface 5.
  • a contact body 2 is in a holder 9, which again preferably consists of an open-pore sintered material.
  • the surface 10 of the contact body 2 facing away from the fog exit surface 5 is connected to a heating device, preferably an electrical surface heating element, so that a temperature gradient is present in the contact body 2 in the direction of the arrow 11.
  • the liquid to be atomized is applied to the contact body 2 via a feed pump 3, the task being carried out laterally or axially in the vicinity of the rear surface 10.
  • the liquid feed is practically pressure-free here, because of the feed pump only the pressure has to be applied which is necessary to deliver against the gas pressure existing in the contact body 2 at a predetermined delivery rate.
  • the delivery rate of the pump is also supported by the suction effect of the capillaries of the contact body, the blistering of the low-boiling fraction again taking place very quickly due to the sharp-edged pore structure in the contact body and thus the higher-boiling fraction being pressed out of the contact body with the formation of bubbles, so that in turn the resulting mist on the mist exit surface 5 can be removed.
  • a gas for example air
  • a pressure chamber 1 the outlet opening of which is in turn closed by a contact body 2, preferably made of a sintered material.
  • the compressed gas can also be heated, as is indicated by the heat exchanger 12.
  • the liquid to be atomized is now fed onto the contact body 2 via a feed pump 3 such that the inner pore surface of the contact body 2 is only wetted.
  • This liquid film is now entrained by the propellant gas flowing through the capillaries of the contact body 2, whereby when using sintered material, small drops detach from the sharp-edged projections and deflections of the capillaries in the contact body, but their size can never be larger than the capillaries themselves, which are then blown out at the fog exit surface 5.
  • this contact body is shown in a purely schematic manner in disproportionately large volume.
  • this contact body can also be formed by a carrier plate 22 which is provided with a multiplicity of axial bores 23 and onto which a correspondingly dimensioned plate 24 made of a sintered material is placed only on the outlet side. It is possible, in particular for heated contact bodies, to produce this carrier plate from a material with good thermal conductivity, so that the pore geometry which is particularly advantageous for atomization is brought about only by a relatively thin sintered plate which is arranged at the end of the carrier body provided with bores.
  • the bores at the end of the carrier plate then have an irregular opening geometry, ie a multiplicity of passage openings whose exit angles deviate from the axis of the bores in the carrier body. Corresponding irregular deviations then also result in the contour of the openings and the sharp edges desired for the formation of bubbles in the contact body and on the fog exit surface are also present. Since such a sintered plate has sufficient inherent strength, it is not necessary to firmly connect the sintered plate to the carrier body, so that relative displacements between the sintered plate and the carrier body remain unaffected due to different expansion coefficients of the materials used.
  • FIG. 6 An exemplary embodiment of a device in the form of a heating oil burner is shown with reference to FIG. 6.
  • the device essentially consists of a mixing chamber 13 into which a feed line 14 opens for the introduction of carrier air.
  • the mixing chamber 13 is cylindrical.
  • a rod-shaped heating cartridge 15 projects axially into the interior of the mixing chamber 13, onto which an intermediate sleeve 16 made of brass is pushed as a carrier and heat transfer body.
  • a tubular contact body 2 made of an open-pore sintered material is pushed onto the intermediate sleeve 16.
  • a heating oil supply line 17 opens, the mouth of which is brought up to the contact body 2, so that the heating oil supplied by a pump (not shown in detail) is taken up by the contact body 2 using the capillary action.
  • a pump not shown in detail
  • an outlet channel 18 is provided, through which the fuel oil mist removed from the outer surface of the contact body 2 is drawn out of the mixing chamber by means of the carrier air supplied via the feed line 14.
  • the extraction channel 18 is connected to a burner head 19 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, is formed by a molded body made of an open-pore sintered material and serving as a flame holder 20.
  • the fuel oil mist withdrawn from the mixing chamber 13 via the exhaust duct 18, the carrier air quantity of which is still predefined stoichiometrically, is then added after the admixture of secondary air via a supply duct 21 in the exhaust duct 18 on the inside of the flame holder with the pressure specified by the carrier air and secondary air, so that the now stoichiometric or superstoichiometric heating oil mist-air mixture passes through the pore channels of the molded body.
  • the flame holder 20 heats up after a very short burning time, so that the combustion process, that is to say here the oxidation reaction between the fuel oil mist and the oxygen in the air, already begins within the flame holder 20, so that it is on the outside of the flame holder practically results in flameless combustion.
  • the heating effect takes place primarily via the heat exchange of the surface to be heated with the outflowing hot combustion gases.
  • the flame holder itself emits heat through radiation to the surrounding combustion chamber walls. Accordingly, this offers the possibility of optimally removing the existing radiant heat by shaping the flame holder and combustion chamber.
  • Such a burner head in connection with the mixture preparation thus also offers all possible firings for the combustion of heating oil, as was previously only possible with the combustion of gas with so-called premixing flames.
  • the contact body 2 has an average pore diameter of 40 ⁇ m.
  • the flame holder of the exemplary embodiment which is also made of a sintered material, is designed in such a way that it has an average pore diameter of 100 ⁇ m. With a porosity of around 50% of the void space in the total flame holder volume, the burner head only has a pressure drop of around 20 mm water column. At pressures of this magnitude, the combustion air can be conveyed using conventional burner fans.
  • the combustion took place silently and evenly over the entire flame holder area.
  • the maximum thermal surface load of the flame holder was about 78 W / cm2, the flame holder glowing (approx. 700 to 750 ° C).
  • a mixing chamber 25 is provided here, which for example has a circular cross section.
  • An atomizing nozzle 26 for the liquid, for example heating oil, opens into the mixing chamber 25 and is connected to a feed pump 28 via a pipeline 27.
  • two feed lines 29 open into the mixing chamber 25 for the introduction of a carrier gas, for example air, which is guided in the mixing chamber in direct current to the spray jet 30.
  • the droplet collective introduced into the carrier gas partial stream via the spray jet 30 is now deflected. As indicated schematically in FIG. 8, this can be done in that the carrier gas-drop mixture is introduced into a main carrier gas stream 31 at an angle or in that the total amount of carrier gas introduced coaxially to the spray jet 30 is caused by a corresponding angling of the flow channel is redirected. This is indicated in FIG. 8 by the extension 33 of the side wall 32 of the mixing chamber 25 shown in broken lines. The deflection area forms the deflection chamber 46 with outlet 45.
  • the wall 34 directly opposite the atomizer nozzle 26 forms a deflection surface.
  • a pressure-dependent controllable outlet valve which is controlled via a pressure control device 39 located in the inlet line 27, ensures that the outlet cross section available for the return liquid is always proportional to the amount of liquid applied.
  • the thermal energy contained in the return liquid is expediently recovered via a heat exchanger 40 which is connected to the feed line 27.
  • the wall part 41 forming the deflection surface 34 is, for example, designed to be electrically heatable in the exemplary embodiment shown, which is indicated schematically by the heating rods 42.
  • the liquid drops converging on the deflecting surface to form a liquid film are now at least partially evaporated when the wall part 41 is heated to the boiling point of the liquid, so that the vapor formed (arrow 43) is carried along by the carrier gas stream.
  • the expenditure of thermal energy is relatively low, since only a thin layer of liquid can be evaporated. It is important here that the deflecting surface 34 serving as a heatable contact surface extends sufficiently over the impact area 44 of the large drops, so that undisturbed vapor formation is achieved.
  • the wall part 41 forming the contact surface can also be designed as an open-pore contact body to improve the evaporation performance, so that the impinging drops are absorbed by the capillary action, and a very rapid evaporation takes place again within the contact body, the vapor which forms forming part of the liquid unevaporated the surface drifts out again and forms bubbles.
  • the bubbles burst, with part of the blister skin being carried away in the form of very fine drops by the carrier gas stream together with the steam component. This is particularly advantageous if, like when using heating oil, the liquid to be atomized is formed from a mixture of liquids with different boiling points.
  • the low-boiling liquid component evaporates and expels the higher-boiling liquid component into the carrier gas stream in the form of the finest droplets that arise from bursting bubbles.
  • Fig. 9 shows another embodiment as it can be used in particular as a heating oil burner.
  • the heating oil is supplied via an inlet line 27 under pressure from an atomizing nozzle 26, the spray jet 30 of which is introduced axially into a tubular mixing chamber 25.
  • Combustion air is introduced coaxially to the nozzle 26 into the mixing chamber 25 via the inlet 29.
  • the mixing chamber 25 is formed by a tube 47 made of a good heat-conducting material, the wall of which is provided with a heating device 42 at its end facing the atomizing nozzle 26.
  • a deflection plate 48 is arranged in the interior of the tube, through which the carrier gas stream loaded with fuel oil droplets is deflected against the inner wall of the tube 47, so that larger drops are thrown against the wall, or drops falling on the deflecting surface 48 converge to form larger drops and collect on the bottom of the tube 47 with a preferably horizontal arrangement of the device.
  • the wall 42 in the front part of the mixing chamber 25 is first heated via the heating device 42, so that the part of the liquid droplets striking the wall is evaporated and is then combined with the finest drops as an oil-steam-air mixture by the combustion air the tube 47 is guided.
  • the mouth 49 of the tube 47 is provided in a manner not shown with a flame holder, so that the tube end also forms the burner.
  • the pipe 47 heats up, so that the heat conduction of the pipe material also heats up the part of the pipe wall surrounding the heating oil inlet area of the mixing chamber 25 and the heating device 42 can accordingly be switched off.
  • the tube 47 Due to the heating of the tube also evaporate larger droplets entrained by the flow of the combustion air, separated at the deflection surface 48, so that from the mouth 49 the heating oil portion is practically carried only as steam by the stream, so that the burner practically like a gas burner can be operated.
  • the front wall part of the mixing chamber 25 provided with the heating device is designed as an open-pore contact body, so that the above-described liquid atomization takes place by evaporation and bubble formation.
  • the tube 47 heats the wall part designed as an open-pore contact body by heat conduction to such an extent that the described evaporation of low-boiling fractions of the liquid takes place.
  • the device which can be used as a heating oil burner with reference to FIG. 6 can also be supplemented to the extent that the open-pore shaped body made of sintered metal, which is designed as burner head 19, at least partially has materials which act catalytically on the fuel oil to be burned. These materials can be contained in the powder composition of the starting material and / or applied by vapor deposition. These catalytically active materials include, for example, nickel. Such catalytically active substances are known in principle, but have not previously been used in this form. The effect is based on the fact that the combustion or reaction temperature between the atmospheric oxygen and the heating oil is lowered. This has the disadvantage that the temperature gradient available for heating purposes is smaller than in normal combustion.

Claims (18)

  1. Dispositif pour la pulvérisation d'un liquide, avec un conduit d'alimentation pour la quantité de liquide à pulvériser qui est relié à un élément de pulvérisation qui se présente sous forme d'élément de contact (2; 41) à pores ouverts et communique avec une alimentation (17; 26) de liquide et des moyens pour la production d'un gaz comprimé, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de contact consiste en un élément moulé fritté à pores ouverts dans lequel, au moins à l'endroit de la surface de sortie de brouillard (5), les ouvertures de pores présentent une géométrie d'ouverture irrégulière et sont pourvues, au moins en partie, de saillies à arêtes tranchantes et que l'élément de contact (2; 41) présente une porosité correspondant à un volume de cavités compris entre environ 30 et 80%, de préférence entre 40 et 60% du volume de l'élément de contact.
  2. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le volume de cavités correspond à environ de 45 à 55% du volume de l'élément de contact.
  3. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre de pore moyen dans l'élément de contact est d'environ 20 à 150 µm, de préférence de 40 à 100 µm.
  4. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de contact (2) est relié à un dispositif de chauffage (8).
  5. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de chauffage (8) est disposé sur une face de l'élément de contact (2) orientée du côté opposé à la surface de sortie de brouillard (5).
  6. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de contact (2) est entouré d'une chambre de mélange (13) qui présente un orifice d'entrée (14) pour un gaz porteur et un orifice de sortie (18) pour l'évacuation du gaz porteur mélangé avec le brouillard produit.
  7. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le conduit d'alimentation (17) du liquide aboutit à l'élément de contact dans la partie supérieure et que dans la partie inférieure de l'élément de contact (2) est prévu un collecteur d'excédent de liquide muni d'un conduit d'évacuation.
  8. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de contact (2) se présente sous forme d'un élément de canal qui forme, par son extrémité communiquant avec l'amenée de liquide, l'orifice de sortie d'une chambre de pression (1).
  9. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que dans la chambre de pression (1) débouche un conduit d'amenée d'un gaz comprimé.
  10. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 9, en particulier pour la pulvéristion de mazout à des fins de combustion, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu une chambre de mélange (25) à tuyère de pulvérisation (26) pour le fluide à pulvériser et à entrée (29) pour au moins une partie du gaz porteur, qu'un élément de contact (41) relié au dispositif de chauffage (42) est associé, à distance, à l'ouverture de la tuyère et qu'il est prévu un changement de direction (24) et ensuite une sortie (45) pour le courant de gaz porteur chargé en brouillard de liquide.
  11. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 10, en particulier pour la pulvéristion de mazout à des fins de combustion, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de contact (2) se présente de préférence sous forme de tube et est de préférence orienté verticalement dans la chambre de mélange (13) et est relié à un dispositif de chauffage (15) et que l'amenée de liquide est disposée à l'endroit d'une extrémité de l'élément de contact (2).
  12. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'amenée de liquide se présentant sous forme de tuyère de pulvérisation (26) est disposée coaxialement par son ouverture et, à distance, à une extrémité de l'élément de contact tubulaire (41).
  13. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'à l'extrémité de l'élément de contact tubulaire (41) opposée à l'amenée de liquide est disposé le changement de direction (48) pour le courant de gaz porteur chargé en brouillard de liquide.
  14. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que dans la chambre de mélange (25), sur la paroi opposée à la tuyère (26), est disposé un élément de contact (41) pourvu d'un dispositif de chauffage (42).
  15. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 14, destiné à être utilisé comme brûleur à mazout, caractérisé en ce que la sortie (45) pour le brouillard de mazout produit et/ou un mélange brouillard/air communique avec un conduit d'évacuation (14) et que l'extrémité du conduit d'évacuation (18) située dans la chambre de combustion se présente sous forme de tête de brûleur (19).
  16. Dispositif suivant la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que la tête de brûleur se présente sous forme de porte-flammes (20) et consiste en un élément moulé en un matériau fritté à pores ouverts.
  17. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 11 à 16, caractérisé en ce que dans le conduit d'évacuation (18) aboutit un conduit d'amenée (21) pour l'amenée réglable d'air de combustion.
  18. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 15 à 17, caractérisé en ce que l'élément moulé en matériau fritté se présentant sous forme de tête de brûleur (19) présente des matériaux agissant, au moins en partie, de manière catalytique sur le mazout à brûler.
EP90112203A 1989-06-29 1990-06-27 Dispositif pour pulvériser un fluide Expired - Lifetime EP0405481B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3921254 1989-06-29
DE3921254A DE3921254A1 (de) 1989-06-29 1989-06-29 Verfahren zum vernebeln einer fluessigkeit und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0405481A1 EP0405481A1 (fr) 1991-01-02
EP0405481B1 true EP0405481B1 (fr) 1994-08-10

Family

ID=6383825

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90112203A Expired - Lifetime EP0405481B1 (fr) 1989-06-29 1990-06-27 Dispositif pour pulvériser un fluide

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US (1) US5193656A (fr)
EP (1) EP0405481B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04500720A (fr)
AT (1) ATE109878T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2035441A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3921254A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991000478A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (12)

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DE3821253A1 (de) * 1988-06-23 1989-12-28 Hoffmann Elektrokohle Kohleleiste fuer stromabnehmer
WO1996034230A1 (fr) * 1995-04-27 1996-10-31 Löpfe Ag Bruleur a mazout a pulverisation pour faibles puissances
DE19529169A1 (de) * 1995-08-08 1997-02-13 Hoffmann Elektrokohle Schleifstück für Stromabnehmer
AT2468U1 (de) 1997-06-23 1998-11-25 Macher David Sitz, insbesondere fahrzeugsitz
DE19821672A1 (de) 1998-05-14 1999-11-18 Walter Swoboda Vormischbrenner für flüssige Brennstoffe
US6446045B1 (en) 2000-01-10 2002-09-03 Lucinda Stone Method for using computers to facilitate and control the creating of a plurality of functions
JP4244216B2 (ja) * 2005-04-08 2009-03-25 東海旅客鉄道株式会社 集電舟装置
DE102008003170A1 (de) * 2008-01-04 2009-07-09 Herbert Hauptkorn Vorrichtung zum Befeuchten eines Gasstromes
FR2940200B1 (fr) * 2008-12-19 2018-01-05 Mersen France Amiens Sas Support d'une bande de captage de courant electrique
DE102010042027A1 (de) * 2010-10-06 2012-04-12 Hoffmann & Co. Elektrokohle Ag Schleifstück für eine Gleitkontakteinrichtung
DE102012202955A1 (de) * 2012-02-27 2013-08-29 Schunk Bahn- Und Industrietechnik Gmbh Stromübertragungsvorrichtung zur Aufladung elektrischer Energiespeicher von Fahrzeugen an Überkopfladestationen
GB201321309D0 (en) * 2013-12-03 2014-01-15 Ashleigh & Burwood A Catalytic fragrance burner assembly and a method of manufacture thereof

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US4459805A (en) * 1980-10-03 1984-07-17 Nippon Soken, Inc. Combustion burner apparatus

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US2974723A (en) * 1955-12-27 1961-03-14 Worcester Taper Pin Co Evaporating nozzle for a liquid fuel burning torch
US4459805A (en) * 1980-10-03 1984-07-17 Nippon Soken, Inc. Combustion burner apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0405481A1 (fr) 1991-01-02
DE59006748D1 (de) 1994-09-15
JPH04500720A (ja) 1992-02-06
US5193656A (en) 1993-03-16
CA2035441A1 (fr) 1990-12-30
WO1991000478A1 (fr) 1991-01-10
ATE109878T1 (de) 1994-08-15
DE3921254A1 (de) 1991-01-03

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