EP0697091A1

EP0697091A1 - Steam-heated roller

Info

Publication number: EP0697091A1
Application number: EP95907648A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Heinz-Michael Zaoralek
Original assignee: Schwaebische Huettenwerke Automotive GmbH
Current assignee: Schwaebische Huettenwerke Automotive GmbH
Priority date: 1994-03-04
Filing date: 1995-02-06
Publication date: 1996-02-21
Anticipated expiration: 2015-02-06
Also published as: EP0697091B1; DE4407239A1; JPH09500956A; FI955293A0; US5655596A; WO1995023950A1; CA2162178A1; DE59503674D1; KR960702094A; FI955293A

Abstract

The invention relates to a steam-heated roller and a roller body (1) with a central drilling (14) and peripheral axially parallel drillings (2) to guide the steam and with at least one screwed flanged pin (3) with a central drilling (16) and connecting channels (4, 5, 6) between the central drilling (16) of the flanged pin (3) and the openings of the peripheral drillings (2) in the roller body (1) into the flanged pin (3), in which the connecting channels (4, 5, 6) branch out inside the flanged pin (3) from its central drilling (16) towards several openings in the peripheral drillings (2).

Description

Steam heated roller

The invention relates to a steam-heated roller of the type described in the preamble of claim 1.

For the treatment of web-shaped media, e.g. Paper, by pressing, drying and smoothing, rollers are used which have large diameters and are heated. In this context, "large" means a diameter of at least 1,000 mm.

These include e.g. in the press section of a paper machine the so-called "center rolls", in the dryer section the usual drying cylinders and in the case of smoothing units in particular the heated rolls, so-called "gloss calenders" and "soft calenders". A special case are the so-called "Yankee cylinders", a combination of a drying cylinder and a smoothing roller.

Such rollers are preferably heated from the inside by means of fluid heat transfer media, preferably with water, steam or thermal oil. The resulting increase in the surface temperature of the rollers either enables their function by causing the drying cylinders to evaporate the moisture in the paper web, or promotes their function because the water in the press is more easily removed from the paper web at elevated temperature and reduced viscosity can be squeezed out or because the plasticizability of the paper fibers increases at elevated temperature, as a result of which they can be smoothed more easily.

If steam is used for heating, these are usually rollers cylindrical design. The steam is usually conducted into the interior of the roller cylinder, where it condenses on the inside. The condensate is led out of the roller via a siphon.

The disadvantage here is that with such a configuration, the entire interior is under the vapor pressure. This results in restrictions that mainly result from security considerations. They relate to the level of the permissible vapor pressure and thus the achievable surface temperature, which in turn limits the effectiveness of the process. Depending on the place of use, you are also limited in the use of the roller materials. Because e.g. in the United States, the so-called chilled cast iron, as is usually not used for a smoothing roller, is not suitable for such applications. Large rolls for gloss calenders must therefore be made of gray cast iron or nodular cast iron, which is unfavorable in view of the wear behavior of the roll surface.

Because of the mechanical loads, the roller wall cannot be made as thin as desired, which would be desirable for good heat conduction of the heating energy to the heat transfer medium.

When certain rotational speeds are reached, a stable ring of condensate forms on the inside of the roller depending on the roller diameter. The steam then no longer condenses on the roller wall, but in the condensate ring. This worsens the heat transfer from the steam to the roller on the one hand, but also the temperature profile on the roller surface on the other.

Some of the disadvantages mentioned, such as the poor temperature profile, could be overcome by using cylindrical rollers for heating hot water has been passed over. For this purpose, a cylindrical displacement body was fastened in the central bore of the roller in such a way that a narrow, annular gap remained between the displacement body and the inner bore. The hot water was then forced through this gap at speeds above 1 m / s.

The disadvantages of the large, mechanically determined wall thickness and the limitation from the internal pressures remained, however, such rollers are also difficult to build.

The above-mentioned disadvantages could be partially overcome with the so-called peripherally drilled rollers. The fluid heat transfer medium - water or thermal oil - flows through axially parallel bores just below the surface of the roll. The way for the heat to be conducted from the heat transfer medium to the roll surface could thus be decisively reduced.

But this version also has some disadvantages. For safety reasons, water is only used up to a water temperature of max. 170 ° C used. In addition, thermal oil is used. The latter is only accepted as a necessary evil in paper mills. Smallest leaks on pumps, sealing heads or the mechanically stressed rollers are a considerable annoyance. Handling the oil during pumping or other processes is always associated with a risk to the environment.

Even with large rollers, the amount of liquid to be pumped becomes a problem. When flowing through the roller, the heat transfer medium transfers some of its heat to the roller and thereby loses temperature. Due to the uniformity of the surface temperature, only a limited drop in temperature of the heat transfer medium is permitted. The liquid throughput must therefore be selected to be correspondingly high, depending on the heating capacity of the roller. The higher this is chosen, the lower the temperature drop. According to the publication of a manufacturer of paper machines, a heating capacity of approximately 1,800 kW can be assumed for a heated "center roll" of approximately 8 m in width. If such a roller is heated with water, the required throughput of 72 l / s results with a permissible drop in water temperature of 6 ° C. At 10 ° C it is still 43 ltr / s.

If such a roller is heated with thermal oil, the throughput increases to about double due to the lower specific heat of this heat transfer medium.

It has now been proposed in the context of the generic German utility model No. G 93 06 176.5 to use steam as a heat carrier in peripherally drilled rolls and thus to avoid some of the disadvantages of water or thermal oil. However, this design poses some problems when transferred to large steam-heated rolls according to the proposed principle.

It is provided there that the heating steam is introduced into the peripheral bores from both roller ends. For this purpose, part of the steam which flows through the sealing head into the heating-side pin is passed through the central bore in the roller body to the other side of the roller and from there into the associated ends of the peripheral bores. In particular because of the pressure vessel regulations, this central bore is made with a diameter that is smaller than 150 mm. Then rollers in this regard do not fall under the relevant regulations in countries in which the US ASME regulations apply.

In the case of large rolls, however, this would mean that these rolls would have to be made almost solid. The weight saving that is possible with an enlarged central bore cannot be realized in this way. Although it would be possible to install a tube for the steam guide in an enlarged central bore, which has an inner diameter that is smaller than 150 mm, the central support of such a tube is very complex considering the thermal expansion and vibrations during operation.

The distribution of the heating steam, as has been proposed in this utility model, cannot be realized in this way with large rollers. With the diameter, the number of peripheral bores increases so that they can no longer be individually connected to the central bore in the journal. Any collecting spaces in the journal or in the roller body or between the two are also forbidden, because then the prerequisites for the non-application of the ASME code (diameter <150 mm) would no longer exist. But even if this does not matter, collection rooms, from which the connection to the peripheral bores could be made, would have to be closed off with strong pressure covers against the inside of the roll if this itself is to remain free of pressure.

New considerations must also be made for the removal of the condensate to be discharged from the peripheral bores of the roller. In the event that a siphon completely fills with condensate, the overpressure required to blow this siphon off is calculated from the centrifugal force-related resistance of a condensate column from the outer edge of the roller to the center. If such an overpressure is applied, then large amounts of blow-through steam blow through with all other siphons with the corresponding losses. Apart from that, the constructive realization of the connection of the individual siphons with the central condensate collector encounters difficulties.

Finally, the return transport of the condensate accumulation on the drive side through a central tube is structurally very complex, especially if it is itself again in a central steam pipe (see above).

It is the object of the present invention to provide a steam-heated roll which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art mentioned, in particular does not require the steam to be guided through the central bore of the roll body, and does not undergo any substantial weakening of the components through the steam channels.

This object is achieved by a steam-heated roller which is designed in accordance with the characterizing part of claim 1.

Appropriate embodiments are defined by the features of the subclaims.

The advantage of such a roller according to the invention is, in particular, that the central bore of the roller body is kept completely free of heating steam, which means that there is no need to keep it smaller than 150 mm in diameter in order to comply with the relevant regulations, nor to take any measures. to prevent the prescribed flow area from becoming too large.

A further advantageous effect is that the branching of the connecting channels according to the invention now makes it possible to distribute the steam to all peripheral bores without substantial weakening of the roller body or the flange pin, in particular also in the case of rollers of larger dimensions with a large number of such bores.

According to one embodiment of the proposed roller, it is designed so that the connecting channels in a driver-side flange of the roller are arranged, which has an advantageous effect in that the short flow path for the heating steam to its destination entails only minor heat losses during transport.

For rollers that are in the driver flange flange for some reason, e.g. Lack of space, not suitable for receiving the connecting channels, however, there is also the possibility of choosing a configuration in which the connecting channels are arranged in a drive-side flange journal of the roller, the supply of the heating steam from the driver side of the roller to the drive side via a central in Feed pipe arranged inside the roll takes place.

A roller according to the invention can be designed in such a way that the connecting channels branch from the central bore in a first flange pin to every second peripheral bore, while the adjacent, intermediate holes are connected by passages in a second flange pin opposite.

In this way, the return of the heating steam to the first flange pin can be ensured, the second flange pin being only slightly weakened by the passages and the roller body itself being able to remain free of connecting channels and thus not weakened. The steam quantities are so small in relation to the peripheral bore cross sections that an adequate steam supply is possible at low steam speeds.

In a preferred embodiment, a connecting channel is branched from the central bore to four mouths of the peripheral bores.

In this way it can be achieved that, especially in the case of large rolls, a small number of the connecting channel bores emanating from the central bore four times the number of peripheral holes supplied. The flange pin is only slightly weakened in its central area, but the steam supply to all peripheral bores to be heated is made possible.

There is the advantageous possibility of designing a steam-heated roller according to the present invention in such a way that a connecting channel consists of a first bore, which leads from the central bore of the flange pin to the central bore of the roller, and which is made of a plurality of holes which are introduced into the flange pin from the mouth of the first bore on the roller body central bore second bores and again a plurality of bores connecting the ends of the second bores with a plurality of mouths of the peripheral bores, the mouth of the first bore being sealed against the central bore of the roller body.

In the manner described above, a simple production of the connection channels can be carried out by suitable drilling of the flange pin, while a suitable branching of the various partial bores of the connection channels enables a wide branching of the first hole starting from the central bore. Since the individual bores can be freely selected within relatively large ranges of the axial and radial angles, it can be ensured that, despite a large number of bores in the peripheral flange area, there is no substantial weakening of the flange. Furthermore, the mouth of the first bore, which starts from the central bore of the flange and ends on the inside in the central bore of the roller body, is easy to seal there because the space required for this inside the roller is not required for other components and is not under pressure or is filled with a medium that damages the seals.

Preferably in the region of the ends of the peripheral bores in the flange pin at least one annular collecting space is provided for the condensate accumulating in the bores.

This configuration can ensure that the condensate does not collect at undesirable points in its flow path and that the steam flow and the heat transfer are impeded. In addition, central outlets which only slightly weaken the roller components can be made available in this way for the condensate of a plurality of peripheral bores.

Accordingly, the steam-heated roller can have siphons which connect the collecting space for discharging the condensate accumulated there and any blow-through steam to the mouth regions of the peripheral bores at their ends in the flange pin. This ensures rapid and effective removal of the condensate, the amount of condensate remaining extremely low in the roller.

In order to keep the peripheral bores almost completely free of accumulating condensate, the collecting spaces in the first and second flange journals can be connected to one another by axially parallel return bores. As a result, the condensate and the blow-by steam can also be removed centrally on the side of the first flange pin.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the roller according to the invention is characterized in that the collecting space of the flange pin for discharging the condensate and any blow-through steam is connected via radial channels to a collecting space in the center of the flange pin, which in turn is connected to the outside of the roller via a double sealing head of the central bore.

This radial division of the return transport of the condensate has the advantage that the pressure difference from the peripheral bores to the central bore is also divided. Pressure equalization takes place in the collection rooms. The pressure difference from this point to the peripheral bores is offset by a pressure drop which is composed of a centrifugal force component and a flow resistance. If the centrifugal force component is so large that it alone corresponds to the pressure difference, a flow can no longer take place. The pressure difference can be adjusted by the proposed design so that the flow resistance with pure steam flow is greater than the maximum possible resistance due to the centrifugal force, which arises when the content of the siphon is pure condensate, so no flow is possible. This ensures stable drainage.

An open connecting bore can preferably connect the central bore of the roller to the environment through a flange pin. This measure ensures that there is always ambient pressure in the roller, so that the roller itself can no longer be regarded as a pressure vessel and the interior can be designed for a large roller in such a way that relatively thin roller walls are present and thus a lightweight roller is produced.

A roller according to the invention can be designed such that a return pipe arranged centrally in the interior of the roller is provided for returning the condensate from the drive-side flange journal. Although this embodiment is structurally very complex, as described in the introduction, there is sometimes the need for such a measure, which can then be implemented with little effort in a roller according to the invention because of the absence of pressure in the interior of the roller.

There is also the possibility of designing the feed and return pipes arranged centrally in the inside of the roll as concentrically arranged pipes. the, whereby advantageously unbalance of the entire roller body can be avoided.

An embodiment of the steam-heated roller according to the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying figures. Show it:

1 shows a longitudinal section through a steam-heated roller with two screwed-on flanges, and FIG. 2 shows a partially cut cross-section through a sector of the right flange of the roller shown in FIG. 1.

The roller described in FIGS. 1 and 2 is driven on the flange 8 shown on the left in FIG. In such rollers, a distinction must be made between the driver-side pin 3 with a double sealing head for steam and condensate discharge and the drive-side pin 8.

All connection channels for the steam are accommodated according to the invention as bores 4, 5, 6 in the driver-side pin 3. In order to avoid larger distribution areas, the holes branch out according to the type of branch of a tree. If, for example, the 48 peripheral bores of a roller with an outer diameter of 1850 mm are to be supplied with steam which flows in through the central bore 16 of the journal, six radial bores 6 initially run from this central bore 16 obliquely inwards to the inner flange surface. From each outlet opening at this point, two blind holes 5 are then guided outwards into the journal flange. The flange is closed at these points by means of cover plates 17. At the ends of the now 12 blind holes, oblique connecting bores 4 are made in the journal flange by two peripheral bores. This means that every second of the 48 peripheral bores is supplied with steam. Instead of the openings on the inside of the peg closed by the covers 17, an annular channel could also be provided. This would then be closed with a ring instead of the cover 17.

The connection of the adjacent holes, which are still without steam supply, is carried out in such a way that a connection to the steam-carrying neighboring holes is made through passages 7 in the drive-side pin 8. The amount of steam required in the holes connected in this way initially flows, as it were, as excess steam through the neighboring hole and then from the drive side. The steam quantities are so small in relation to the peripheral bore cross-sections that an adequate steam supply is possible at low steam speeds.

The condensate drainage from the peripheral bores takes place via a small siphon tube 9 in the flange pin in the area of each end of the peripheral bores 2. This ensures a quick and effective removal of the condensate. The amount of condensate in the roller remains extremely low, especially if you compare this construction with one of the usual steam-heated constructions.

The condensate - possibly together with a small percentage of blow-through steam - is pressed by the steam pressure against the centrifugal force radially towards the center of the roll into annular collecting spaces 10 at both ends of the roll. Distributed over the roller circumference, these collecting spaces are connected to one another by a plurality of axially parallel bores 11 in the roller body. Through these bores 11, the condensate gets back from the drive side to the driver side of the roller. A few radial connecting pipes 12, also in the manner of siphons, are then sufficient to guide the condensate into a central condensate collector 13 in the middle of the guide-side pin 13 and from there through the double sealing head Roller out.

In addition, the interior 14 of the roller can be kept free of steam and condensate in the manner described. This is ensured by a direct open bore 15 from the inside of the roll through the journal flange to the outside. The roller body cannot therefore be regarded as a pressure vessel.

Claims

Steam-heated roller

1. Steam-heated roller with a) a roller body (1) with a1) a central bore (14) and a2) peripheral axially parallel bores (2) for guiding the steam, and with b) at least one screwed-on flange pin (3) with b1) a central bore (16) and b2) connecting channels (4, 5, 6) between the central bore (16) of the flange pin (3) and the mouths of the peripheral bores (2) of the roller body (1) on the flange pin

(16), characterized in that c) the connecting channels (4, 5, 6) from the central bore (16) of the flange pin (3) in this flange pin (3) to the mouths of the peripheral bores (2) several times branch.

2. Steam-heated roller according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting channels (4, 5, 6) are arranged in the driver-side flange pin (3) of the roller.

3. Steam-heated roller according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting channels (4, 5, 6) are arranged in the drive-side flange pin (8) of the roller, the supply of heating steam from the driver's side the roller from the drive side takes place via a feed tube arranged centrally in the interior of the roller.

4. Steam-heated roller according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the connecting channels (4, 5, 6) from the central bore (16) in a flange (3) to every second peripheral bore (2) branch, while the adjacent intermediate holes are connected by passages (7) in the opposite flange pin (8).

5. Steam-heated roller according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that a connecting channel (4, 5, 6) from the central bore (16) is branched out to four mouths of the peripheral bores (2).

6. Steam-heated roller according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a connecting channel (4, 5, 6) from one of the central bore (16) of a flange (3) to the central bore (14) of the roller leading first bore (6), from a plurality of second bores (5) made in the flange journal (3) from the mouth of the first bore (6) on the roller body central bore (14) and again from a plurality of ends of the second bores (5) with several mouths of the peripheral bores (2) connecting bores (4), the mouth of the first bore (6) at the central bore (14) of the roller body (1) being sealed against the latter.

7. Steam-heated roller according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that in the region of the ends of the peripheral bores (2) in the flange pin at least one annular collecting space (10) for the condensate accumulating in the bores (2) and possibly blow-by steam is provided.

8. Steam-heated roller according to claim 7, characterized in that collecting spaces are provided at both ends of the roller body (1).

9. Steam-heated roller according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that siphons (9) connect each collecting space (10) to discharge the condensate accumulated there and any blow-by steam with the mouth areas of the peripheral bores (2) at their ends.

10. Steam-heated roller according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the collecting space (10) in the second flange pin (8) through axially parallel return bores (11) is connected to the collecting space in the first flange pin (3).

11. Steam-heated roller according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the collecting space (10) of the flange (3) for discharging the condensate and any blow-through steam via radial channels (12) with a collecting space (13) in the center of Flange pin (3) is connected, which in turn is connected to the outside of the roll via a double sealing head of the central bore.

12. Steam-heated roller according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that an open connecting bore (15) through a flange pin connects the central bore (14) of the roller (1) with the environment, so that in the central bore ( 14) There is ambient pressure.

13. Steam-heated roller according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that for returning the condensate from the drive side A return pipe arranged centrally in the inside of the roll is provided for the flange pin.

14. Steam-heated roller according to claim 3 and 13, characterized in that the feed and return pipes arranged centrally in the inside of the roll are constructed as concentrically arranged pipes.