EP0676516A1 - Device forming underground shelter for protecting people as well as method for realizing such a device - Google Patents

Device forming underground shelter for protecting people as well as method for realizing such a device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0676516A1
EP0676516A1 EP95400771A EP95400771A EP0676516A1 EP 0676516 A1 EP0676516 A1 EP 0676516A1 EP 95400771 A EP95400771 A EP 95400771A EP 95400771 A EP95400771 A EP 95400771A EP 0676516 A1 EP0676516 A1 EP 0676516A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panels
panel
fixed
shelter
frustoconical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95400771A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0676516B1 (en
Inventor
Henri Aubert
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CNIM Groupe SA
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Constructions Industrielles de la Mediterrane CNIM SA
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Publication of EP0676516A1 publication Critical patent/EP0676516A1/en
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Publication of EP0676516B1 publication Critical patent/EP0676516B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/04—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against air-raid or other war-like actions
    • E04H9/10—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls
    • E04H9/12—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls entirely underneath the level of the ground, e.g. air-raid galleries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S135/00—Tent, canopy, umbrella, or cane
    • Y10S135/901—Hunting blind or ice-fishing shelter

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device forming an underground shelter for protecting people, as well as the method for producing such a device.
  • It relates in particular to such a buried device providing protection for soldiers against the explosion of a shell falling near the device.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises two substantially identical rigid panels which can be assembled together in a dismountable tunnel configuration by separate mechanical means arranged so as to allow a joint fitting of the two parts. upper respectively of the two panels defining the roof of the tunnel and a rigid connection between the lower parts of the two panels so that the buried tunnel can withstand lateral or transverse forces applied to the panels and resulting from the thrust exerted by the layer of earth covering the tunnel.
  • the mechanical means for connecting the lower parts of the two panels comprise at least two elements forming crosspieces of identical lengths, each having one of their ends connected in an articulated manner to the lower part of one of the panels and their opposite end. removably attached to the bottom of the other panel.
  • each cross member comprises a frustoconical end fitting engaging in a frustoconical orifice conjugated with a part attached to the lower part of the corresponding panel, the frustoconical end being firmly held in its corresponding hole by the transverse pushing force of the covering earth.
  • the insert comprises a part forming a stop cooperating with a flange secured to the frustoconical end piece behind the latter to immobilize the cross member forming relative to the corresponding panel.
  • the insert is approximately in the shape of a hollowed-out cube so as to allow the introduction of the end of the cross-member into the part above it and the stop-forming part is formed in the bottom wall of the cube.
  • the insert by extending perpendicularly between the side walls of this cube transverse to the corresponding panel, while the frustoconical orifice is produced in the end wall of the cube and adjacent to the panel.
  • Each cross member is movable in a plane perpendicular to that of the panel to which it is articulated and is foldable on this panel in an inactive transport position.
  • the cross member is held in the inactive position by two elastic tabs approximately ⁇ -shaped, fixed to the panel, for example by a rivet, and receiving the frustoconical end of the cross member.
  • each cross member is articulated to the corresponding panel by means of a yoke piece attached to this panel.
  • the lower parts of the two panels are fixed respectively in two longitudinal members in profiles with a U-shaped cross section constituting, with the cross-member elements fixed between the panels, a support frame for the latter.
  • the aforementioned inserts are fixed, for example by welding, in the side members which include U-shaped cutouts made in the two side walls opposite the side members to allow the fixing of the elements forming cross members between the panels substantially in the same plane perpendicular to the panels.
  • the abovementioned mechanical interlocking means comprise at least one beam with two opposite lateral grooves, preferably defined by two identical U-shaped profiles secured together by their bases, at least one end portion of the upper part of the roof of a panel. being fixed in one of the two grooves of the beam and at least one end portion of the upper arch part of the other panel fitting into the other groove of the beam.
  • the mechanical interlocking means comprise two identical beams fixed respectively to the upper end portions of the two panels, extending over one half of the length of the panel so that the free upper end portion of a panel fits in the beam of the other panel and vice versa.
  • the two panels are nested one inside the other in the transport position by a person at the landfill site and the two nested panels are transported by means of a harness.
  • the aforementioned harness is arranged to both maintain the two panels nested one inside the other during transport and allow their transport in a position maintained slightly inclined relative to the body of the person.
  • the harness comprises two laces for fixing the two nested panels and which are connected together in the upper part to a common fastener removably fixed to the beam of the external panel and fixed at their two lower ends spaced apart from the spar of the external panel. ; an upper strap fixed between the two laces; and a lower handling handle also fixed between the two laces at a distance from the strap so that the person can transport the two fitted panels by grasping the handling handle with the strap housed under his arm.
  • the upper part of the vault of each panel is in the form of a half-arch giving the vault of the tunnel the form of a cylindrical cap.
  • Each panel has corrugations in the manner of a corrugated sheet and is made of a material based on glass fibers, while the beams, the longitudinal members, the elements forming the crosspieces and the inserts are made of a light material, such as the 'aluminum.
  • Figure 1 shows in perspective the protective shelter device according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows an enlarged perspective view of a panel of the device of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the part circled in III of FIG. 2.
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged perspective view of the support frame of the device of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the V-ringed part of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the part circled in VI of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view along line VII-VII of FIG. 4.
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged perspective view of an insert part of the device of the invention.
  • Figure 9 is an enlarged perspective view of another attached part also forming part of the device of the invention.
  • Figure 10 shows a cross member of the device of the invention.
  • Figure 11 is a perspective view of two panels nested one inside the other of the device of the invention.
  • Figure 12 is an enlarged sectional view along line XII-XII of Figure 11.
  • Figures 13 to 18 show the transport and production phases of the device forming an underground shelter of the invention.
  • the device of the invention which is intended to form an underground shelter for protecting people, comprises, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 1, two substantially identical rigid panels 1 and 2 assembled together in a configuration of a dismountable tunnel with walls parallel sides and arch configured as a cylindrical cap.
  • each panel 1, 2 which is defined by a succession of parallel undulations 3 in the manner of a corrugated sheet and located in vertical planes in the assembled position of the two panels, comprises two elements forming crosspieces 4 likewise length, each having one of its ends fixed in an articulated manner to the lower part of the panel 1, 2 so as to be able to pivot in a plane substantially perpendicular to the plane containing the side wall of the panel 1, 2 between an inactive storage position in the recess defined between two successive undulations and a folded position for fixing between them the two lower parts of the panels 1, 2 at which the elements forming the crosspieces are located in the same plane forming the support base of the shelter.
  • each cross member 4 comprises an end piece 5 forming an articulated lug fixed, for example by force fitting, in the tubular body of the member 4, and mounted pivoting about an axis. 6 fixed in a stirrup piece forming a yoke 7 attached to the lower part of the corresponding panel 1, 2.
  • the end pieces 5, instead of being force-fitted, can also be welded or mechanically bonded.
  • Each stirrup piece 7 is fixed, for example by welding, between two parallel walls 8a, 8b of a U-shaped profile defining a beam 8 in which is fixed for example by rivets, the lower part of the corresponding panel 1, 2.
  • Each side wall 8a of a spar 8 comprises a U-shaped cutout 8a1 located opposite the stirrup part 7 so as to allow the pivoting of the cross-member 4 to the fixing position of the two panels 1, 2 to which the element 4 is substantially perpendicular to the spar 8.
  • the opposite end of each cross member 4 comprises an end piece 9, fixed for example by force fitting in the tubular body of the element 4, and ending in a frustoconical part 10 engaging in a conjugate frustoconical recess 11 produced in a part 12 which is attached to the lower part of the corresponding panel 1, 2.
  • the part 12 has an approximate shape of a hollowed out cube so as to allow passage through the top of the end piece 9 in the part 12 during the pivoting of the cross member 4 to the fixing position of the two panels 1, 2.
  • the part 12 comprises a stop wall 13 produced in the bottom wall of the part 12 between the two side walls 12a, 12b of the part 12 perpendicularly to the latter.
  • the abutment wall 13 cooperates with a flange 14 located behind the frustoconical part 10 of the end piece 9, so as to prevent the withdrawal of the end of the cross member 4 from the part 12 when an accidental force is applied to the element 4 in a direction tending to move the end piece 9 away from the part 12.
  • the latter is also fixed, for example by welding, in the corresponding spar 8, the side wall 8a of which has a U-shaped cutout 8a2 next to the party corresponding recess in U-shaped cross section of the part 12 so as to allow the free passage of the end piece 9 in the part 12 over the latter to accommodate the frustoconical part 10 in its corresponding orifice 11.
  • Each cross member 4 is maintained in the inactive position in two elastic tabs 15 defining approximately an ⁇ shape and fixed to the bottom of a hollow between two successive undulations 3 for example by a rivet 16.
  • the two tabs 15 receive the corresponding end piece 9 by moving apart elastically one from the other and then closing to maintain element 4 in the inactive position.
  • the device comprises four elements forming crosspieces, but it is understood that it is possible to provide more or less.
  • two of the elements 4 are hingedly attached to one of the beams 8 while the other two elements 4 are hinged to the other beam 8. It is also possible to alternately hinge elements 4 to the two beams or simply to articulate all the elements 4 in a single beam 8.
  • FIG. 4 shows that the parallel beams 8 and the cross-member elements 4 assembled between the beams perpendicularly to these form a rigid chassis for supporting the two panels 1, 2.
  • each panel comprises a beam 17 with two opposite lateral grooves 18 preferably defined by two identical U-shaped profiles secured together by their bases for example by welding.
  • the upper end of the half-arch of each panel is fixed over a portion of its length in one of the grooves 18 of the beam 17 for example by riveting.
  • the beam 17 extends over half the total length of the corresponding panel 1, 2.
  • the other groove 18 of the beam 17 of a panel is intended to receive the corresponding upper end part of the other panel.
  • the beam 17 of the latter panel also receives in its corresponding groove 18 the upper free end portion of the first panel. In the assembled position of the two panels, the two beams 17 are joined together.
  • the two panels 1, 2 can be fitted one above the other as shown in Figure 11 to allow their transport by a person to the place where the shelter is to be buried.
  • the beam 17 of the external panel 1 rests on the beam 17 of the internal panel 2 while the spar 8 of the panel 1 is supported on the spar 8 of the panel 2.
  • the panels 1, 2 are held in the nested position by a harness 19 also serving as a means of transporting the nested panels 1, 2.
  • the harness 19 comprises two laces of flexible material 20, 21 connected together in the upper part to a common flexible attachment tab 22 removably attached to the beam 17 of the external panel 1 and fixed at their two lower ends spaced to the side member 8 of the external panel 1.
  • the fixing of the lug 22 can be carried out by means of a small pin 23 integral with the beam 17 of the panel 1 and a through hole in the tab 22 in which the pin 23 is engaged.
  • the fixing of the two ends of the laces 20, 21 to the spar 8 can be carried out by rivets.
  • the harness 19 also includes a strap made of flexible material 24 located in the upper part thereof and a handling handle 25 fixed between the two laces 20, 21 in the lower part thereof by means of a strap 26.
  • the strap 24 and the handle 25 are located at a distance from each other by so as to allow a person to transport the two panels fitted by the handle 25 with the strap 24 arranged under his arm.
  • the strap 24 makes it possible to avoid tilting outside the body of the person, around the handle 25, of the nested panels and to transport the panels to a slightly inclined position relative to the body of the person.
  • the elements forming crosspieces 4, the side members 8, the beams 17 and the inserts 7, 12 are preferably made of aluminum.
  • Figure 13 shows precisely the transport position of the two nested panels 1, 2 by a person going to the place where the device must be buried. Arrived at this place, the person separates the two panels 1, 2 by disconnecting the attachment tab 22 from its axis of attachment 23 to the panel 1, as shown in FIG. 14. After having excavated an excavation 27 of appropriate dimensions, the person successively introduces the two panels 1, 2 into the excavation 27 in a substantially vertical position and sets up the four cross-member elements 4 by tilting them down in the clockwise direction as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16.
  • the frusto-conical ends 10 of the cross-member elements 4 are then engaged in their respective frusto-conical orifices 11.
  • the upper parts in the form of a half-arch of the panels 1, 2 are joined together by interlocking in their respective beams 17 to make the tunnel-shaped shelter.
  • the shelter is covered with earth and protective bags 28 as shown in FIG. 18.
  • the shape and structure of the panels 1, 2 as well as the cross-member elements 4 are optimized to allow the shelter to resist the lateral thrust of very unstable ground and the thrust of the earth exerted in particular on the lateral walls of the panels 1, 2 of the buried shelter contributes to firmly maintain the frustoconical ends of the elements forming crosspieces 4 in their corresponding frustoconical orifices.
  • the shape of the panels 1, 2, the interlocking of their upper parts and the lower connections thereof make it possible to obtain, under the action of the pressure of the earth on the top and the sides of the panels, a self-locking device ensuring the complete safety of the personnel.
  • the shelter easily accommodates two people and is easily transportable by one person since the weight of the panels fitted in the transport position is at most about 17 kg.
  • Experiments of the shelter buried under a layer of soil of about 60 cm thick have shown that the shelter resists attack by a 155 mm shell. These successful trials included a predominantly burst air explosion, a predominantly pressure air explosion, and a predominantly seismic ground explosion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
  • Electric Cable Installation (AREA)

Abstract

The shelter is made from two identical rigid panels (1, 2) made from a corrugated fibreglass-based sheet material, which join together to form a tunnel shape. The panels are connected by lower cross-pieces (4) and upper mechanical components (17) inside a trench which is first dug for the purpose. Once they have been assembled they are covered over with earth or sandbags to give protection for one or more persons from nearby explosive weapons. The cross-pieces (4) are designed to connect lower lengthwise members on the panels and when not in use they are raised and lie between corrugations. The upper mechanical components are in an I-shape. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif formant abri souterrain de protection de personnes, ainsi que le procédé de réalisation d'un tel dispositif.The present invention relates to a device forming an underground shelter for protecting people, as well as the method for producing such a device.

Elle vise en particulier un tel dispositif enterré procurant une protection de soldats contre l'explosion d'un obus tombant à proximité du dispositif.It relates in particular to such a buried device providing protection for soldiers against the explosion of a shell falling near the device.

A cet effet, le dispositif conforme à l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend deux panneaux rigides sensiblement identiques pouvant être assemblés ensemble en une configuration de tunnel démontable par des moyens mécaniques distincts agencés de façon à permettre un emboîtement jointif des deux parties supérieures respectivement des deux panneaux définissant la voûte du tunnel et une liaison rigide entre les parties inférieures des deux panneaux afin que le tunnel enfoui puisse résister à des efforts latéraux ou transversaux appliqués sur les panneaux et résultant de la poussée exercée par la couche de terre recouvrant le tunnel.To this end, the device according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises two substantially identical rigid panels which can be assembled together in a dismountable tunnel configuration by separate mechanical means arranged so as to allow a joint fitting of the two parts. upper respectively of the two panels defining the roof of the tunnel and a rigid connection between the lower parts of the two panels so that the buried tunnel can withstand lateral or transverse forces applied to the panels and resulting from the thrust exerted by the layer of earth covering the tunnel.

De préférence, les moyens mécaniques de liaison des parties inférieures des deux panneaux comprennent au moins deux éléments formant traverses de longueurs identiques ayant chacun l'une de leurs extrémités reliée de façon articulée à la partie inférieure de l'un des panneaux et leur extrémité opposée fixée amoviblement à la partie inférieure de l'autre panneau.Preferably, the mechanical means for connecting the lower parts of the two panels comprise at least two elements forming crosspieces of identical lengths, each having one of their ends connected in an articulated manner to the lower part of one of the panels and their opposite end. removably attached to the bottom of the other panel.

L'extrémité de fixation de chaque élément formant traverse comprend un embout tronconique s'engageant dans un orifice tronconique conjugué d'une pièce rapportée à la partie inférieure du panneau correspondant, l'embout tronconique étant fermement maintenu dans son orifice correspondant par la force transversale de poussée de la terre de recouvrement.The fixing end of each cross member comprises a frustoconical end fitting engaging in a frustoconical orifice conjugated with a part attached to the lower part of the corresponding panel, the frustoconical end being firmly held in its corresponding hole by the transverse pushing force of the covering earth.

Avantageusement, la pièce rapportée comprend une partie formant butée coopérant avec une collerette solidaire de l'embout tronconique en arrière de celui-ci pour immobiliser l'élément formant traverse relativement au panneau correspondant.Advantageously, the insert comprises a part forming a stop cooperating with a flange secured to the frustoconical end piece behind the latter to immobilize the cross member forming relative to the corresponding panel.

La pièce rapportée est approximativement en forme de cube évidé de façon à permettre l'introduction de l'extrémité de l'élément formant traverse dans la pièce par dessus celle-ci et la partie formant butée est réalisée dans la paroi de fond du cube de la pièce rapportée en s'étendant perpendiculairement entre les parois latérales de ce cube transversales au panneau correspondant, tandis que l'orifice tronconique est réalisé dans la paroi en bout du cube et adjacente au panneau.The insert is approximately in the shape of a hollowed-out cube so as to allow the introduction of the end of the cross-member into the part above it and the stop-forming part is formed in the bottom wall of the cube. the insert by extending perpendicularly between the side walls of this cube transverse to the corresponding panel, while the frustoconical orifice is produced in the end wall of the cube and adjacent to the panel.

Chaque élément formant traverse est mobile dans un plan perpendiculaire à celui du panneau auquel il est articulé et est rabattable sur ce panneau en une position inactive de transport.Each cross member is movable in a plane perpendicular to that of the panel to which it is articulated and is foldable on this panel in an inactive transport position.

L'élément formant traverse est maintenu en position inactive par deux pattes élastiques approximativement en forme de Ω, fixées au panneau, par exemple par un rivet, et recevant l'extrémité à embout tronconique de l'élément formant traverse.The cross member is held in the inactive position by two elastic tabs approximately Ω-shaped, fixed to the panel, for example by a rivet, and receiving the frustoconical end of the cross member.

L'extrémité de chaque élément formant traverse est articulée au panneau correspondant par l'intermédiaire d'une pièce formant chape rapportée à ce panneau.The end of each cross member is articulated to the corresponding panel by means of a yoke piece attached to this panel.

Les parties inférieures des deux panneaux sont fixées respectivement dans deux longerons en profilés à section transversale en U constituant, avec les éléments formant traverses fixés entre les panneaux, un châssis de support de ceux-ci.The lower parts of the two panels are fixed respectively in two longitudinal members in profiles with a U-shaped cross section constituting, with the cross-member elements fixed between the panels, a support frame for the latter.

Les pièces rapportées précitées sont fixées, par exemple par soudage, dans les longerons qui comprennent des découpes en U réalisées dans les deux parois latérales en vis-à-vis des longerons pour permettre la fixation des éléments formant traverses entre les panneaux sensiblement dans un même plan perpendiculaire aux panneaux.The aforementioned inserts are fixed, for example by welding, in the side members which include U-shaped cutouts made in the two side walls opposite the side members to allow the fixing of the elements forming cross members between the panels substantially in the same plane perpendicular to the panels.

Les moyens mécaniques d'emboîtement précités comprennent au moins une poutre à deux rainures latérales opposées, de préférence définies par deux profilés identiques en U solidarisés ensemble par leurs bases, au moins une portion d'extrémité de la partie supérieure de voûte d'un panneau étant fixée dans l'une des deux rainures de la poutre et au moins une portion d'extrémité de la partie supérieure de voûte de l'autre panneau s'emboîtant dans l'autre rainure de la poutre.The abovementioned mechanical interlocking means comprise at least one beam with two opposite lateral grooves, preferably defined by two identical U-shaped profiles secured together by their bases, at least one end portion of the upper part of the roof of a panel. being fixed in one of the two grooves of the beam and at least one end portion of the upper arch part of the other panel fitting into the other groove of the beam.

Les moyens mécaniques d'emboîtement comprennent deux poutres identiques fixées respectivement aux portions d'extrémités supérieures des deux panneaux en s'étendant sur une moitié de la longueur du panneau de façon que la portion d'extrémité supérieure libre d'un panneau s'emboîte dans la poutre de l'autre panneau et vice-versa.The mechanical interlocking means comprise two identical beams fixed respectively to the upper end portions of the two panels, extending over one half of the length of the panel so that the free upper end portion of a panel fits in the beam of the other panel and vice versa.

Les deux panneaux sont emboîtés l'un dans l'autre en position de transport par une personne au lieu d'enfouissement et les deux panneaux emboîtés sont transportés par l'intermédiaire d'un harnais.The two panels are nested one inside the other in the transport position by a person at the landfill site and the two nested panels are transported by means of a harness.

Le harnais précité est agencé pour à la fois maintenir les deux panneaux emboîtés l'un dans l'autre lors du transport et permettre leur transport en une position maintenue légèrement inclinée par rapport au corps de la personne.The aforementioned harness is arranged to both maintain the two panels nested one inside the other during transport and allow their transport in a position maintained slightly inclined relative to the body of the person.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le harnais comprend deux lacets de fixation des deux panneaux emboîtés et qui sont reliés ensemble en partie supérieure à une attache commune fixée amoviblement à la poutre du panneau extérieur et fixés à leurs deux extrémités inférieures espacées au longeron du panneau extérieur ; une sangle supérieure fixée entre les deux lacets ; et une poignée inférieure de manutention également fixée entre les deux lacets à une distance de la sangle de façon que la personne puisse transporter les deux panneaux emboîtés en saisissant la poignée de manutention avec la sangle logée sous son bras.According to one embodiment, the harness comprises two laces for fixing the two nested panels and which are connected together in the upper part to a common fastener removably fixed to the beam of the external panel and fixed at their two lower ends spaced apart from the spar of the external panel. ; an upper strap fixed between the two laces; and a lower handling handle also fixed between the two laces at a distance from the strap so that the person can transport the two fitted panels by grasping the handling handle with the strap housed under his arm.

Avantageusement, la partie supérieure de voûte de chaque panneau est en forme de demi-arche conférant à la voûte du tunnel la forme d'une calotte cylindrique.Advantageously, the upper part of the vault of each panel is in the form of a half-arch giving the vault of the tunnel the form of a cylindrical cap.

Chaque panneau comporte des ondulations à la manière d'une tôle ondulée et est réalisé en matériau à base de fibres de verre, tandis que les poutres , les longerons, les éléments formant traverses et les pièces rapportées sont en un matériau léger, tel que l'aluminium.Each panel has corrugations in the manner of a corrugated sheet and is made of a material based on glass fibers, while the beams, the longitudinal members, the elements forming the crosspieces and the inserts are made of a light material, such as the 'aluminum.

L'invention propose également un procédé de réalisation d'un abri souterrain de protection utilisant le dispositif défini précédemment et qui est caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à :

  • transporter par une personne les deux panneaux emboîtés à un endroit où l'abri doit être enfoui ;
  • creuser une excavation d'enfouissement de l'abri ;
  • séparer les deux panneaux emboîtés ;
  • introduire les deux panneaux séparés dans l'excavation en une position sensiblement verticale ;
  • fixer les éléments formant traverses entre les deux panneaux en les rabattant vers le bas et introduisant leurs extrémités de fixation dans les pièces rapportées correspondantes de façon que les embouts tronconiques soient engagés respectivement dans les orifices tronconiques de ces pièces rapportées ;
  • joindre les deux panneaux en partie supérieure par emboîtement dans chaque poutre correspondante ; et
  • recouvrir l'abri ainsi formé de terre et, le cas échéant, de sacs de protection au-dessus de l'abri.
The invention also proposes a method for producing an underground protection shelter using the device defined above and which is characterized in that it consists in:
  • transport the two interlocked panels to a place where the shelter must be buried;
  • dig a shelter burial excavation;
  • separate the two nested panels;
  • introduce the two separate panels into the excavation in a substantially vertical position;
  • fix the elements forming sleepers between the two panels by folding them down and introducing their fixing ends into the corresponding inserts so that the frustoconical ends are engaged respectively in the frustoconical orifices of these inserts;
  • join the two panels in the upper part by fitting into each corresponding beam; and
  • cover the shelter thus formed with earth and, if necessary, protective bags above the shelter.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres buts, caractéristiques, détails et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description explicative qui va suivre faite en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple illustrant un mode de réalisation de l'invention et dans lesquels.The invention will be better understood and other objects, characteristics, details and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the explanatory description which follows, made with reference to the appended schematic drawings given solely by way of example illustrating a mode of the invention and in which.

La figure 1 représente en perspective le dispositif formant abri de protection conforme à l'invention.Figure 1 shows in perspective the protective shelter device according to the invention.

La figure 2 représente en vue agrandie en perspective un panneau du dispositif de l'invention.Figure 2 shows an enlarged perspective view of a panel of the device of the invention.

La figure 3 est une vue agrandie de la partie cerclée en III de la figure 2.FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the part circled in III of FIG. 2.

La figure 4 est une vue agrandie en perspective du châssis de support du dispositif de l'invention.Figure 4 is an enlarged perspective view of the support frame of the device of the invention.

La figure 5 est une vue agrandie de la partie cerclée en V de la figure 4.FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the V-ringed part of FIG. 4.

La figure 6 est une vue agrandie de la partie cerclée en VI de la figure 4.FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the part circled in VI of FIG. 4.

La figure 7 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne VII-VII de la figure 4.FIG. 7 is a sectional view along line VII-VII of FIG. 4.

La figure 8 est une vue agrandie en perspective d'une pièce rapportée faisant partie du dispositif de l'invention.Figure 8 is an enlarged perspective view of an insert part of the device of the invention.

La figure 9 est une vue agrandie en perspective d'une autre pièce rapportée faisant également partie du dispositif de l'invention.Figure 9 is an enlarged perspective view of another attached part also forming part of the device of the invention.

La figure 10 représente un élément formant traverse du dispositif de l'invention.Figure 10 shows a cross member of the device of the invention.

La figure 11 est une vue en perspective de deux panneaux emboîtés l'un dans l'autre du dispositif de l'invention.Figure 11 is a perspective view of two panels nested one inside the other of the device of the invention.

La figure 12 est une vue agrandie en coupe suivant la ligne XII-XII de la figure 11.Figure 12 is an enlarged sectional view along line XII-XII of Figure 11.

Les figures 13 à 18 représentent les phases de transport et de réalisation du dispositif formant abri souterrain de l'invention.Figures 13 to 18 show the transport and production phases of the device forming an underground shelter of the invention.

Le dispositif de l'invention, qui est destiné à former un abri souterrain de protection de personnes, comprend, comme cela ressort en particulier de la figure 1, deux panneaux rigides sensiblement identiques 1 et 2 assemblés ensemble en une configuration de tunnel démontable à parois latérales parallèles et voûte configurée en calotte cylindrique.The device of the invention, which is intended to form an underground shelter for protecting people, comprises, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 1, two substantially identical rigid panels 1 and 2 assembled together in a configuration of a dismountable tunnel with walls parallel sides and arch configured as a cylindrical cap.

A cet effet, chaque panneau 1, 2, qui est défini par une succession d'ondulations parallèles 3 à la manière d'une tôle ondulée et situées dans des plans verticaux en position assemblée des deux panneaux, comprend deux éléments formant traverses 4 de même longueur, ayant chacun l'une de leurs extrémités fixée de façon articulée à la partie inférieure du panneau 1, 2 de façon à pouvoir pivoter dans un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire au plan contenant la paroi latérale du panneau 1, 2 entre une position inactive de stockage dans le creux défini entre deux ondulations successives et une position rabattue de fixation entre elles des deux parties inférieures des panneaux 1, 2 à laquelle les éléments formant traverses sont situés dans un même plan formant fond de support de l'abri.To this end, each panel 1, 2, which is defined by a succession of parallel undulations 3 in the manner of a corrugated sheet and located in vertical planes in the assembled position of the two panels, comprises two elements forming crosspieces 4 likewise length, each having one of its ends fixed in an articulated manner to the lower part of the panel 1, 2 so as to be able to pivot in a plane substantially perpendicular to the plane containing the side wall of the panel 1, 2 between an inactive storage position in the recess defined between two successive undulations and a folded position for fixing between them the two lower parts of the panels 1, 2 at which the elements forming the crosspieces are located in the same plane forming the support base of the shelter.

Plus précisément, l'extrémité articulée de chaque élément formant traverse 4 comporte un embout 5 formant patte d'articulation fixée, par exemple par un emmanchement à force, dans le corps tubulaire de l'élément 4, et monté pivotant autour d'un axe 6 fixé dans une pièce en étrier formant chape 7 rapportée à la partie inférieure du panneau correspondant 1, 2. Les embouts 5, au lieu d'être emmanchés à force, peuvent également être soudés ou liés mécaniquement. Chaque pièce en étrier 7 est fixée, par exemple par soudage, entre deux parois parallèles 8a, 8b d'un profilé en U définissant un longeron 8 dans lequel est fixée par exemple par des rivets, la partie inférieure du panneau correspondant 1, 2. Chaque paroi latérale 8a d'un longeron 8 comporte une découpe en U 8a1 située en regard de la pièce en étrier 7 de façon à permettre le pivotement de l'élément formant traverse 4 à la position de fixation des deux panneaux 1, 2 à laquelle l'élément 4 est sensiblement perpendiculaire au longeron 8. L'extrémité opposée de chaque élément formant traverse 4 comprend un embout 9, fixé par exemple par emmanchement à force dans le corps tubulaire de l'élément 4, et se terminant par une partie tronconique 10 s'engageant dans un évidement tronconique conjugué 11 réalisé dans une pièce 12 qui est rapportée à la partie inférieure du panneau correspondant 1, 2. Comme représenté en particulier en figure 8, la pièce 12 a une forme approximative d'un cube évidé de façon à permettre le passage par le haut de l'embout 9 dans la pièce 12 lors du pivotement de l'élément formant traverse 4 à la position de fixation des deux panneaux 1, 2. La pièce 12 comporte une paroi de butée 13 réalisée dans la paroi de fond de la pièce 12 entre les deux parois latérales 12a, 12b de la pièce 12 perpendiculairement à celles-ci. La paroi de butée 13 coopère avec une collerette 14 située en arrière de la partie tronconique 10 de l'embout 9, de façon à empêcher le retrait de l'extrémité de l'élément formant traverse 4 de la pièce 12 lorsqu'une force accidentelle est appliquée sur l'élément 4 dans un sens tendant à éloigner l'embout 9 de la pièce 12. Cette dernière est également fixée, par exemple par soudage, dans le longeron correspondant 8, dont la paroi latérale 8a comporte une découpe en U 8a2 en regard de la partie évidée correspondante à section transversale en U de la pièce 12 de façon à permettre le libre passage de l'embout 9 dans la pièce 12 par dessus celle-ci pour loger la partie tronconique 10 dans son orifice correspondant 11. Chaque élément formant traverse 4 est maintenu en position inactive dans deux pattes élastique 15 définissant approximativement une forme en Ω et fixées au fond d'un creux entre deux ondulations successives 3 par exemple par un rivet 16. Les deux pattes 15 reçoivent l'embout correspondant 9 en s'écartant élastiquement l'une de l'autre puis se refermant pour assurer le maintien de l'élément 4 à la position inactive.More specifically, the articulated end of each cross member 4 comprises an end piece 5 forming an articulated lug fixed, for example by force fitting, in the tubular body of the member 4, and mounted pivoting about an axis. 6 fixed in a stirrup piece forming a yoke 7 attached to the lower part of the corresponding panel 1, 2. The end pieces 5, instead of being force-fitted, can also be welded or mechanically bonded. Each stirrup piece 7 is fixed, for example by welding, between two parallel walls 8a, 8b of a U-shaped profile defining a beam 8 in which is fixed for example by rivets, the lower part of the corresponding panel 1, 2. Each side wall 8a of a spar 8 comprises a U-shaped cutout 8a1 located opposite the stirrup part 7 so as to allow the pivoting of the cross-member 4 to the fixing position of the two panels 1, 2 to which the element 4 is substantially perpendicular to the spar 8. The opposite end of each cross member 4 comprises an end piece 9, fixed for example by force fitting in the tubular body of the element 4, and ending in a frustoconical part 10 engaging in a conjugate frustoconical recess 11 produced in a part 12 which is attached to the lower part of the corresponding panel 1, 2. As shown in particular in FIG. 8, the part 12 has an approximate shape of a hollowed out cube so as to allow passage through the top of the end piece 9 in the part 12 during the pivoting of the cross member 4 to the fixing position of the two panels 1, 2. The part 12 comprises a stop wall 13 produced in the bottom wall of the part 12 between the two side walls 12a, 12b of the part 12 perpendicularly to the latter. The abutment wall 13 cooperates with a flange 14 located behind the frustoconical part 10 of the end piece 9, so as to prevent the withdrawal of the end of the cross member 4 from the part 12 when an accidental force is applied to the element 4 in a direction tending to move the end piece 9 away from the part 12. The latter is also fixed, for example by welding, in the corresponding spar 8, the side wall 8a of which has a U-shaped cutout 8a2 next to the party corresponding recess in U-shaped cross section of the part 12 so as to allow the free passage of the end piece 9 in the part 12 over the latter to accommodate the frustoconical part 10 in its corresponding orifice 11. Each cross member 4 is maintained in the inactive position in two elastic tabs 15 defining approximately an Ω shape and fixed to the bottom of a hollow between two successive undulations 3 for example by a rivet 16. The two tabs 15 receive the corresponding end piece 9 by moving apart elastically one from the other and then closing to maintain element 4 in the inactive position.

Les figures montrent que le dispositif comprend quatre éléments formant traverses, mais il est bien entendu qu'il est possible d'en prévoir plus ou moins. De plus, deux des éléments 4 sont fixés de façon articulée à l'un des longerons 8 tandis que les deux autres éléments 4 sont fixés de façon articulée à l'autre longeron 8. Il est également possible de fixer alternativement de façon articulée des éléments 4 aux deux longerons ou tout simplement de fixer de façon articulée tous les éléments 4 à un même longeron 8.The figures show that the device comprises four elements forming crosspieces, but it is understood that it is possible to provide more or less. In addition, two of the elements 4 are hingedly attached to one of the beams 8 while the other two elements 4 are hinged to the other beam 8. It is also possible to alternately hinge elements 4 to the two beams or simply to articulate all the elements 4 in a single beam 8.

La figure 4 montre que les longerons parallèles 8 et les éléments formant traverses 4 assemblés entre les longerons perpendiculairement à ceux-ci forment un châssis rigide de support des deux panneaux 1, 2.FIG. 4 shows that the parallel beams 8 and the cross-member elements 4 assembled between the beams perpendicularly to these form a rigid chassis for supporting the two panels 1, 2.

Pour permettre l'assemblage des parties supérieures en forme de demi-arche des deux panneaux 1, 2, chaque panneau comprend une poutre 17 à deux rainures latérales opposées 18 définies de préférence par deux profilés identiques en U solidarisés ensemble par leurs bases par exemple par soudage. L'extrémité supérieure de la demi-arche de chaque panneau est fixée sur une portion de sa longueur dans l'une des rainures 18 de la poutre 17 par exemple par rivetage. De préférence, la poutre 17 s'étend sur la moitié de la longueur totale du panneau correspondant 1, 2. L'autre rainure 18 de la poutre 17 d'un panneau est destiné à recevoir la partie d'extrémité supérieure correspondante de l'autre panneau. La poutre 17 de ce dernier panneau reçoit également dans sa rainure correspondante 18 la portion d'extrémité libre supérieure du premier panneau. En position assemblée des deux panneaux, les deux poutres 17 sont jointivement alignées.To allow the assembly of the upper parts in the form of a half-arch of the two panels 1, 2, each panel comprises a beam 17 with two opposite lateral grooves 18 preferably defined by two identical U-shaped profiles secured together by their bases for example by welding. The upper end of the half-arch of each panel is fixed over a portion of its length in one of the grooves 18 of the beam 17 for example by riveting. Preferably, the beam 17 extends over half the total length of the corresponding panel 1, 2. The other groove 18 of the beam 17 of a panel is intended to receive the corresponding upper end part of the other panel. The beam 17 of the latter panel also receives in its corresponding groove 18 the upper free end portion of the first panel. In the assembled position of the two panels, the two beams 17 are joined together.

Les deux panneaux 1, 2 peuvent être emboîtés l'un au-dessus de l'autre comme représenté en figure 11 pour permettre leur transport par une personne à l'endroit où l'abri doit être enterré. En position emboîtée de ces deux panneaux, la poutre 17 du panneau externe 1 repose sur la poutre 17 du panneau interne 2 tandis que le longeron 8 du panneau 1 est en appui sur le longeron 8 du panneau 2. Les panneaux 1, 2 sont maintenus en position emboîtée par un harnais 19 servant également de moyen de transport des panneaux emboîtés 1, 2. Le harnais 19 comprend deux lacets en matériau souple 20, 21 reliés ensemble en partie supérieure à une patte d'attache souple commune 22 fixée amoviblement sur la poutre 17 du panneau externe 1 et fixés à leurs deux extrémités inférieures espacées au longeron 8 du panneau externe 1. La fixation de la patte 22 peut s'effectuer par l'intermédiaire d'un petit axe 23 solidaire de la poutre 17 du panneau 1 et d'un trou traversant de la patte 22 dans lequel est engagé l'axe 23. La fixation des deux extrémités des lacets 20, 21 au longeron 8 peut s'effectuer par des rivets. Le harnais 19 comprend également une sangle en matériau souple 24 située en partie supérieure de celui-ci et une poignée de manutention 25 fixée entre les deux lacets 20, 21 en partie inférieure de ceux-ci par l'intermédiaire d'un lanière 26. La sangle 24 et la poignée 25 sont situées à une distance l'une de l'autre de façon à permettre à une personne de transporter les deux panneaux emboîtés par la poignée 25 en ayant la sangle 24 disposée sous son bras. La sangle 24 permet d'éviter le basculement à l'extérieur du corps de la personne, autour de la poignée 25, des panneaux emboîtés et de transporter les panneaux à une position légèrement inclinée par rapport au corps de la personne.The two panels 1, 2 can be fitted one above the other as shown in Figure 11 to allow their transport by a person to the place where the shelter is to be buried. In the nested position of these two panels, the beam 17 of the external panel 1 rests on the beam 17 of the internal panel 2 while the spar 8 of the panel 1 is supported on the spar 8 of the panel 2. The panels 1, 2 are held in the nested position by a harness 19 also serving as a means of transporting the nested panels 1, 2. The harness 19 comprises two laces of flexible material 20, 21 connected together in the upper part to a common flexible attachment tab 22 removably attached to the beam 17 of the external panel 1 and fixed at their two lower ends spaced to the side member 8 of the external panel 1. The fixing of the lug 22 can be carried out by means of a small pin 23 integral with the beam 17 of the panel 1 and a through hole in the tab 22 in which the pin 23 is engaged. The fixing of the two ends of the laces 20, 21 to the spar 8 can be carried out by rivets. The harness 19 also includes a strap made of flexible material 24 located in the upper part thereof and a handling handle 25 fixed between the two laces 20, 21 in the lower part thereof by means of a strap 26. The strap 24 and the handle 25 are located at a distance from each other by so as to allow a person to transport the two panels fitted by the handle 25 with the strap 24 arranged under his arm. The strap 24 makes it possible to avoid tilting outside the body of the person, around the handle 25, of the nested panels and to transport the panels to a slightly inclined position relative to the body of the person.

Afin que les panneaux assemblés 1, 2 soient légers, les éléments formant traverses 4, les longerons 8, les poutres 17 et les pièces rapportées 7, 12 sont réalisés de préférence en aluminium.So that the assembled panels 1, 2 are light, the elements forming crosspieces 4, the side members 8, the beams 17 and the inserts 7, 12 are preferably made of aluminum.

La réalisation du dispositif formant abri souterrain résulte déjà de la description qui en a été faite ci-dessus et va être maintenant expliquée en référence aux figures 13 à 18.The embodiment of the device forming an underground shelter already results from the description which has been given above and will now be explained with reference to FIGS. 13 to 18.

La figure 13 montre précisément la position de transport des deux panneaux emboîtés 1, 2 par une personne se rendant à l'endroit où le dispositif doit être enterré. Arrivé à cet endroit, la personne sépare les deux panneaux 1, 2 en déconnectant la patte d'attache 22 de son axe de fixation 23 au panneau 1, comme représenté en figure 14. Après avoir creusé une excavation 27 de dimensions appropriées, la personne introduit successivement les deux panneaux 1, 2 dans l'excavation 27 en une position sensiblement verticale et met en place les quatre éléments formant traverses 4 en les basculant vers le bas dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre comme cela ressort des figures 15 et 16.Figure 13 shows precisely the transport position of the two nested panels 1, 2 by a person going to the place where the device must be buried. Arrived at this place, the person separates the two panels 1, 2 by disconnecting the attachment tab 22 from its axis of attachment 23 to the panel 1, as shown in FIG. 14. After having excavated an excavation 27 of appropriate dimensions, the person successively introduces the two panels 1, 2 into the excavation 27 in a substantially vertical position and sets up the four cross-member elements 4 by tilting them down in the clockwise direction as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16.

Les extrémités tronconiques 10 des éléments formant traverses 4 sont alors engagées dans leurs orifices tronconiques respectifs 11. Ensuite, comme représenté en figure 17, les parties supérieures en forme de demi-arche des panneaux 1, 2 sont jointes ensemble par emboîtement dans leurs poutres respectives 17 pour réaliser l'abri en forme de tunnel. Après s'être assuré que les éléments formant traverses sont correctement verrouillés dans leurs pièces rapportées correspondantes, l'abri est recouvert de terre et de sacs de protection 28 comme représenté en figure 18.The frusto-conical ends 10 of the cross-member elements 4 are then engaged in their respective frusto-conical orifices 11. Next, as shown in FIG. 17, the upper parts in the form of a half-arch of the panels 1, 2 are joined together by interlocking in their respective beams 17 to make the tunnel-shaped shelter. After ensuring that the cross-member elements are correctly locked in their corresponding inserts, the shelter is covered with earth and protective bags 28 as shown in FIG. 18.

La forme et la structure des panneaux 1, 2 ainsi que les éléments formant traverses 4 sont optimisés pour permettre à l'abri de résister à la poussée latérale de terrains très instables et la poussée des terres exercée notamment sur les parois latérales des panneaux 1, 2 de l'abri enterré contribue à maintenir fermement les extrémités tronconiques des éléments formant traverses 4 dans leurs orifices tronconiques correspondants. De plus, la forme des panneaux 1, 2, l'emboîtement de leurs parties supérieures et les liaisons inférieures de ceux-ci permettent d'obtenir, sous l'action de la pression de la terre sur le dessus et les côtés des panneaux, un dispositif autobloquant assurant l'entière sécurité du personnel. La simplicité des moyens utilisés pour assembler l'abri ainsi que la robustesse de celui-ci autorisent de nombreux démontages pour des emplois successifs de l'abri et la forme et la longueur de cet abri sont compatibles avec l'utilisation d'armes légères. L'abri permet d'accueillir aisément deux personnes et est facilement transportable par une seule personne puisque le poids des panneaux emboîtés en position de transport est au maximum d'environ 17 kilogrammes. Des expérimentations de l'abri enterré sous une couche de terre d'environ 60 cm d'épaisseur ont permis de constater que l'abri résiste aux agressions d'un obus de 155 mm. Ces essais concluants comprenaient une explosion aérienne à dominante éclat, une explosion aérienne à dominante pression et une explosion terrestre à dominante sismique.The shape and structure of the panels 1, 2 as well as the cross-member elements 4 are optimized to allow the shelter to resist the lateral thrust of very unstable ground and the thrust of the earth exerted in particular on the lateral walls of the panels 1, 2 of the buried shelter contributes to firmly maintain the frustoconical ends of the elements forming crosspieces 4 in their corresponding frustoconical orifices. In addition, the shape of the panels 1, 2, the interlocking of their upper parts and the lower connections thereof make it possible to obtain, under the action of the pressure of the earth on the top and the sides of the panels, a self-locking device ensuring the complete safety of the personnel. The simplicity of the means used to assemble the shelter as well as the robustness of it allow numerous dismantling for successive uses of the shelter and the shape and the length of this shelter are compatible with the use of light weapons. The shelter easily accommodates two people and is easily transportable by one person since the weight of the panels fitted in the transport position is at most about 17 kg. Experiments of the shelter buried under a layer of soil of about 60 cm thick have shown that the shelter resists attack by a 155 mm shell. These successful trials included a predominantly burst air explosion, a predominantly pressure air explosion, and a predominantly seismic ground explosion.

Claims (19)

Dispositif formant abri souterrain de protection d'au moins une personne contre des agressions extérieures, telles que par exemple des explosions, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend deux panneaux rigides sensiblement identiques (1, 2) pouvant être assemblés ensemble en une configuration de tunnel démontable par des moyens mécaniques distincts faisant parties des deux panneaux (17) et agencés de façon à permettre un emboîtement jointif des deux parties supérieures respectivement des deux panneaux (1, 2) définissant la voûte du tunnel et une liaison rigide entre les parties inférieures des deux panneaux (1, 2) afin que le tunnel enfoui puisse résister à des efforts latéraux ou transversaux appliqués sur les panneaux (1, 2) et résultant de la poussée exercée par la couche de terre recouvrant le tunnel et en ce que la forme des panneaux (1, 2) et les moyens mécaniques d'emboîtement de leurs parties supérieures et de liaison rigide de leurs parties inférieures sont agencés de façon que lesdits efforts latéraux assurent un autoblocage des moyens mécaniques en position montée du dispositif.Device forming an underground shelter for protecting at least one person against external aggressions, such as for example explosions, characterized in that it comprises two substantially identical rigid panels (1, 2) which can be assembled together in a tunnel configuration removable by separate mechanical means forming part of the two panels (17) and arranged so as to allow a joint fitting of the two upper parts respectively of the two panels (1, 2) defining the roof of the tunnel and a rigid connection between the lower parts of the two panels (1, 2) so that the buried tunnel can withstand lateral or transverse forces applied to the panels (1, 2) and resulting from the thrust exerted by the layer of soil covering the tunnel and in that the shape of the panels (1, 2) and the mechanical means of interlocking their upper parts and rigid connection of their lower parts are a gencés so that said lateral forces provide self-locking of the mechanical means in the mounted position of the device. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens mécaniques de liaison précités des parties inférieures des deux panneaux (1, 2) comprennent au moins deux éléments formant traverses (4) de mêmes longueurs ayant chacun l'une (5) de leurs extrémités reliée de façon articulée à la partie inférieure de l'un des panneaux (1, 2) et leur extrémité opposée (9) fixée amoviblement à la partie inférieure de l'autre panneau (2, 1).Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned mechanical means of connection of the lower parts of the two panels (1, 2) comprise at least two cross-member elements (4) of the same length, each having one (5) of their ends hingedly connected to the lower part of one of the panels (1, 2) and their opposite end (9) removably attached to the lower part of the other panel (2, 1). Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité de fixation de chaque élément formant traverse (4) comprend un embout tronconique (10) s'engageant dans un orifice tronconique conjugué (11) d'une pièce (12) rapportée à la partie inférieure du panneau correspondant (1, 2), l'embout tronconique (10) étant fermement maintenu dans son orifice correspondant (11) par la force transversale de poussée de la terre de recouvrement.Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the fixing end of each element forming a crosspiece (4) comprises a frustoconical end piece (10) engaging in a conjugate frustoconical orifice (11) of a part (12) attached to the lower part of the corresponding panel (1, 2), the frustoconical end piece (10 ) being firmly held in its corresponding orifice (11) by the transverse pushing force of the covering earth. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la pièce rapportée (12) précitée comprend une partie formant butée (13) coopérant avec une collerette (14) solidaire de l'embout tronconique (10) en arrière de celui-ci pour immobiliser l'élément formant traverse (4) relativement au panneau correspondant (1, 2).Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the above-mentioned insert (12) comprises a part forming a stop (13) cooperating with a flange (14) integral with the frustoconical end piece (10) behind it to immobilize the 'cross member (4) relative to the corresponding panel (1, 2). Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la pièce rapportée (12) est approximativement en forme de cube évidé de façon à permettre l'introduction de l'extrémité (9) de l'élément formant traverse (4) dans la pièce (12) par dessus celle-ci et en ce que la partie formant butée (13) est réalisée dans la paroi de fond du cube de la pièce rapportée (12) en s'étendant perpendiculairement entre les parois latérales (12a, 12b) du cube transversales au panneau correspondant (1, 2), tandis que l'orifice tronconique (11) est réalisé dans la paroi en bout du cube adjacente au panneau (1, 2).Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the insert (12) is approximately in the form of a hollowed-out cube so as to allow the introduction of the end (9) of the cross-member (4) into the part ( 12) over the latter and in that the stop part (13) is produced in the bottom wall of the cube of the insert (12) by extending perpendicularly between the side walls (12a, 12b) of the cube transverse to the corresponding panel (1, 2), while the frustoconical orifice (11) is formed in the end wall of the cube adjacent to the panel (1, 2). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que chaque élément formant traverse (4) est mobile dans un plan perpendiculaire à celui du panneau (1, 2) auquel il est articulé et est rabattable sur ce panneau en une position inactive de transport.Device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that each cross member (4) is movable in a plane perpendicular to that of the panel (1, 2) to which it is articulated and is foldable on this panel in a position inactive transport. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'élément formant traverse (4) est maintenu en position inactive par deux pattes élastiques (15) approximativement en forme de Ω, fixées au panneau (1, 2), et recevant l'extrémité (9) à embout tronconique de l'élément formant traverse (4).Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the cross member (4) is held in inactive position by two elastic legs (15) approximately in the shape of an Ω, fixed to the panel (1, 2), and receiving the end (9) with frustoconical end of the element forming a crosspiece (4). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité de chaque élément formant traverse (4) est articulée au panneau correspondant (1, 2) par l'intermédiaire d'une pièce formant chape (7) rapportée à ce panneau.Device according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the end of each cross-member (4) is articulated to the corresponding panel (1, 2) by means of an attached screed piece (7) to this panel. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les parties inférieures des deux panneaux (1, 2) sont fixées respectivement dans deux longerons (8) en profilés à section transversale en U constituant, avec les éléments formant traverses (4) fixés entre les panneaux (1, 2), un châssis de support des panneaux.Device according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the lower parts of the two panels (1, 2) are fixed respectively in two longitudinal members (8) in profiles with a U-shaped cross section constituting, with the elements forming crosspieces ( 4) fixed between the panels (1, 2), a frame for supporting the panels. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les pièces rapportées (7, 12) sont fixées, par exemple par soudage, dans les longerons (8) qui comprennent des découpes en U (8a1, 8a2) réalisées dans les deux parois latérales en vis-à-vis (8a) des longerons (8) pour permettre la fixation des éléments formant traverses (4) entre les panneaux (1, 2) sensiblement dans un même plan perpendiculaire aux panneaux (1, 2).Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the inserts (7, 12) are fixed, for example by welding, in the side members (8) which include U-shaped cutouts (8a1, 8a2) made in the two side walls in vis-à-vis (8a) of the side members (8) to allow the fixing of the elements forming crosspieces (4) between the panels (1, 2) substantially in the same plane perpendicular to the panels (1, 2). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens mécaniques d'emboîtement précités comprennent au moins une poutre (17) à deux rainures latérales opposées (18), de préférence définies par deux profilés identiques en U solidarisés ensemble par leurs bases, au moins une portion d'extrémité de la partie supérieure de voûte d'un panneau (1 ; 2) étant fixée dans l'une des deux rainures (18) de la poutre (17) et au moins une portion d'extrémité de la partie supérieure de voûte de l'autre panneau (2 ; 1) s'emboîtant dans l'autre rainure (18) de la poutre (17).Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abovementioned mechanical interlocking means comprise at least one beam (17) with two opposite lateral grooves (18), preferably defined by two identical U-shaped profiles secured together by their bases, at least one end portion of the part upper part of a panel (1; 2) being fixed in one of the two grooves (18) of the beam (17) and at least one end portion of the upper part of the roof of the other panel ( 2; 1) fitting into the other groove (18) of the beam (17). Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les moyens mécaniques précités comprennent deux poutres identiques (17) fixées respectivement aux portions d'extrémités supérieures des deux panneaux (1, 2) en s'étendant sur une moitié de la longueur du panneau de façon que la portion d'extrémité libre supérieure d'un panneau (1 ; 2) s'emboîte dans la poutre (17) de l'autre panneau (2 ; 1) et vice-versa.Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the above-mentioned mechanical means comprise two identical beams (17) fixed respectively to the upper end portions of the two panels (1, 2) extending over half of the length of the panel so that the upper free end portion of one panel (1; 2) fits into the beam (17) of the other panel (2; 1) and vice versa. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les deux panneaux (1, 2) ont un poids relativement faible pour être portables par une seule personne.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two panels (1, 2) have a relatively low weight to be portable by one person. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les deux panneaux (1, 2) sont emboîtés l'un dans l'autre en position de transport au lieu d'enfouissement par une personne et en ce qu'il comprend de plus un harnais (19) de transport des deux panneaux emboîtés (1, 2).Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two panels (1, 2) are nested one inside the other in the transport position instead of burial by a person and in that it comprises plus a harness (19) for transporting the two nested panels (1, 2). Dispositif selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que le harnais (19) précité est agencé pour à la fois maintenir les deux panneaux emboîtés (1, 2) l'un dans l'autre lors du transport et permettre leur transport en une position maintenue légèrement inclinée par rapport au corps de la personne.Device according to claim 14, characterized in that the aforementioned harness (19) is arranged to both maintain the two interlocked panels (1, 2) in one another during transport and allow their transport in a maintained position slightly tilted relative to the person's body. Dispositif selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que le harnais (19) comprend deux lacets (20, 21) de fixation des deux panneaux emboîtés (1, 2), reliés ensemble en partie supérieure à une attache commune (22) fixée amoviblement à la poutre (17) du panneau extérieur (1) et fixés à leurs deux extrémités inférieures espacées au longeron (8) du panneau extérieur (1) ; une sangle supérieure (24) fixée entre les deux lacets (20, 21) ; et une poignée inférieure de manutention (25) également fixée entre les deux lacets (20, 21) à une distance de la sangle (24) de façon que la personne puisse transporter les panneaux emboîtés (1, 2) en saisissant la poignée de manutention (25) avec la sangle (24) logée sous son bras.Device according to claim 15, characterized in that the harness (19) comprises two laces (20, 21) for fixing the two nested panels (1, 2), connected together in the upper part to a common fastener (22) removably fixed to the beam (17) of the outer panel (1) and fixed at their two lower ends spaced from the beam (8) of the outer panel (1); an upper strap (24) fixed between the two laces (20, 21); and a lower handling handle (25) also fixed between the two laces (20, 21) at a distance from the strap (24) so that the person can transport the nested panels (1, 2) by grasping the handling handle (25) with the strap (24) housed under his arm. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie supérieure de voûte de chaque panneau (1 ; 2) est en forme de demi-arche conférant à la voûte du tunnel la forme d'une calotte cylindrique.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper part of the vault of each panel (1; 2) is in the form of a half-arch giving the vault of the tunnel the form of a cylindrical cap. Dispositif selon les revendications 2, 3, 8, 9 et 11, caractérisé en ce que chaque panneau comporte des ondulations (3) à la manière d'une tôle ondulée et est réalisé en matériau à base de fibres de verre, et en ce que les poutres (17), les longerons (8), les éléments formant traverses (4) et les pièces rapportées (7, 12) sont en un matériau léger, tel que l'aluminium.Device according to claims 2, 3, 8, 9 and 11, characterized in that each panel has corrugations (3) in the manner of a corrugated sheet and is made of material based on glass fibers, and in that the beams (17), the side members (8), the cross-member elements (4) and the added parts (7, 12) are made of a light material, such as aluminum. Procédé de réalisation d'un abri souterrain de protection d'au moins une personne utilisant le dispositif défini dans les revendications 2, 3, 8 et 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à : - transporter par une personne les deux panneaux emboîtés (1 ,2) à un endroit où l'abri doit être enfoui; - creuser une excavation (27) d'enfouissement de l'abri ; - séparer les deux panneaux emboîtés (1 ; 2) ; - introduire les deux panneaux séparés (1, 2) dans l'excavation (27) en une position sensiblement verticale ; - fixer les éléments formant traverses (4) entre les deux panneaux (1, 2) en les rabattant vers le bas et introduisant leurs extrémités de fixation (9, 10) dans les pièces rapportées correspondantes (7, 12) de façon que les embouts tronconiques (10) soient engagés respectivement dans les orifices tronconiques (11) de ces pièces rapportées ; - joindre les deux panneaux en partie supérieure par emboîtement dans chaque poutre correspondante (17) ; et - recouvrir l'abri ainsi formé de terre et, le cas échéant, de sacs de protection au-dessus de l'abri. Method for producing an underground shelter for protecting at least one person using the device defined in claims 2, 3, 8 and 11, characterized in that it consists of: - transport by a person the two fitted panels (1, 2) to a place where the shelter must be buried; - dig an excavation (27) to bury the shelter; - separate the two nested panels (1; 2); - introduce the two separate panels (1, 2) into the excavation (27) in a substantially vertical position; - fix the elements forming crosspieces (4) between the two panels (1, 2) by folding them down and introducing their fixing ends (9, 10) into the corresponding inserts (7, 12) so that the end caps frustoconical (10) are engaged respectively in the frustoconical orifices (11) of these inserts; - join the two panels in the upper part by fitting into each corresponding beam (17); and - cover the shelter thus formed with earth and, if necessary, protective bags above the shelter.
EP95400771A 1994-04-08 1995-04-06 Device forming underground shelter for protecting people as well as method for realizing such a device Expired - Lifetime EP0676516B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9404206 1994-04-08
FR9404206A FR2718480A1 (en) 1994-04-08 1994-04-08 Device forming an underground shelter for protecting people, as well as the method for producing such a device.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0676516A1 true EP0676516A1 (en) 1995-10-11
EP0676516B1 EP0676516B1 (en) 1998-08-05

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EP95400771A Expired - Lifetime EP0676516B1 (en) 1994-04-08 1995-04-06 Device forming underground shelter for protecting people as well as method for realizing such a device

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US5611178A (en)
EP (1) EP0676516B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE169363T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69503819T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0676516T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2122470T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2718480A1 (en)

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JPWO2005020243A1 (en) * 2003-07-16 2006-11-16 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 Scanning probe microscope probe and method of manufacturing the same
US20050028854A1 (en) * 2003-08-08 2005-02-10 Erickson Stewart E. Field assembleable wildlife observation shelter
US6948281B1 (en) * 2004-08-18 2005-09-27 Bruce Carmichael Storm shelter
CN101460685A (en) * 2006-03-13 2009-06-17 洛克诺斯产品有限公司 Panel building component and building shelter
US20110072734A1 (en) * 2006-07-12 2011-03-31 Newby Roland L Compact interior safe room
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GB526586A (en) * 1939-03-21 1940-09-20 Walter John Woodrow Improvements in and relating to air raid shelter devices for use with frames for man hole covers and the like
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2718480A1 (en) 1995-10-13
ES2122470T3 (en) 1998-12-16
FR2718480B1 (en) 1997-02-07
DK0676516T3 (en) 1999-05-10
US5611178A (en) 1997-03-18
ATE169363T1 (en) 1998-08-15
DE69503819D1 (en) 1998-09-10
DE69503819T2 (en) 1999-04-01
EP0676516B1 (en) 1998-08-05

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