EP0346236B1 - Roofing made of a flexible material - Google Patents
Roofing made of a flexible material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0346236B1 EP0346236B1 EP89401597A EP89401597A EP0346236B1 EP 0346236 B1 EP0346236 B1 EP 0346236B1 EP 89401597 A EP89401597 A EP 89401597A EP 89401597 A EP89401597 A EP 89401597A EP 0346236 B1 EP0346236 B1 EP 0346236B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sides
- roofing
- triangle
- flexible material
- triangles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
- E04H15/18—Tents having plural sectional covers, e.g. pavilions, vaulted tents, marquees, circus tents; Plural tents, e.g. modular
Definitions
- Handling and transporting these roofs involves first mounting the supporting structure, then deploying the covering surface, fixing it to the structure, and finally tensioning it.
- the present invention proposes to offer a solution which makes it possible to avoid the drawbacks of transport and implementation of stretched roofs, while bringing advantages of aesthetics and modularity making it possible to quickly build and on any floor. covered spaces.
- the subject of the invention is a roof made of stretched flexible material, characterized in that it consists essentially of six beams, connected to each other, at their ends, by articulated connecting pieces, so as to form three triangles of the same base. two of which, which we will call lateral triangles, have their vertices located respectively on each side of this base, and the third, which we will call ridge triangle, at its vertex located above the planes of the other two, and a flexible material is stretched, on the one hand, between the sides of said ridge triangle and the sides of one of the lateral triangles, on the other hand, between the sides of said ridge triangle and the sides of the other triangle lateral, thus creating a roof in the form of two hyperbolic paraboloids joined along the sides of the ridge triangle.
- the roof according to the invention is of an extremely simple assembly, since it comprises, as can be seen, only six beams and five articulation means, namely three articulations between two parts and two articulations between three parts.
- the flexible material of the roof can be permanently fixed, by the appropriate selvedges, on the six beams of the triangles and the assembly does not require any more whereas the positioning of the lateral triangles relative to the ridge triangle, then causing the tensioning of the flexible surface.
- the fixing of the flexible material on the beams can be obtained by providing them with grooves and the edges of the material of rods with a diameter slightly smaller than that of the cross section of the grooves.
- the beams are of equal lengths two by two, and, preferably all of the same length, thus giving the three triangles the form of isosceles triangles.
- This embodiment has additional advantages of simplicity and convenience of storage and transport of the constituent elements of the roof. Indeed, the joints between beams being properly oriented, they can fold in parallel and against each other then occupying minimal space.
- the roof according to the invention can be carried by any means connecting the four vertices of the two lateral triangles to the chosen support.
- these vertices are connected to the load-bearing surface by parallel feet, the upper ends of which are connected by articulation to the said vertices.
- the support legs can, of course, also be against them.
- Maintaining the beams in position can be ensured by any rigid connection means articulated on the beams and feet of each of the dihedrons of the vertices of the lateral triangles.
- the ridge triangle ABB ′ is constituted by the two beams 5, 6 and the two lateral triangles CBB ′ and C′BB ′ by the beams 1, 2 and 3, 4 respectively. These three triangles are here equilateral.
- the vertices BB′CC ′ are connected to the support surface S by feet 7, 8, 9, 10 respectively, the length of which is chosen according to the inclinations desired for the roof. Here the feet 7 and 8 of the same length are smaller than the feet 9, 10 also of the same length.
- appropriate means of articulation are provided. In At the joint allows the folding of the beam 5 against the beam 6; in B and B ′ respectively the drawdown of 2 and 3 against 5 and the drawdown of 1 and 4 against 6. In C and C ′, respectively, the drawdown of 1 against 2 and that of 3 against 4.
- Each of the beams 1, 2, 3, 4 has a groove along its edge and the beams 5 and 6 each have two grooves along two of their edges. They could have up to 4 grooves.
- the flexible surface forming the vault a coated fabric S for example, carries on its edges a rod of diameter slightly less than the cross section of these grooves. These rods are introduced into these grooves so as to ensure, on the one hand, the seal between the beam and the fabric, on the other hand, a connection as regular as possible between the beam and the fabric in order to ensure distribution regular tensions.
- the beams are held in position by articulated bars 11, 12 forming triangles in each dihedron of the corner pieces B, B ′, C, C ′ and folding in parallel along the beams 1, 2, 3, 4.
- the implementation of the vault which has just been described is particularly simple since it consists only in unfolding the beams 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 on the chosen site and then placing the bars 11, 12 ... in each dihedral to obtain, at the same time, the final geometry of the whole and the perfect tension of the flexible surface.
- the four corners B, B ′, C, C ′ are here located at different heights above the ground, equal in pairs diagonally, depending on the lengths of the feet 7, 8, 9 and 10, which can be telescopic to allow adjustment on the site according to the unevenness of the ground so as to direct the flow of rainwater when several elements are assembled.
- FIG. 1 Another important advantage of the invention lies in the modularity of the system.
- the grooves located along the edges of the side beams can be used to introduce a seal between two structures, made for example in the same material as the roof and having identical rods, similarly identical grooves located along the edges of the feet allow the subsequent installation of side panels for use as a closure or partition.
- Figure 2 clearly shows how it is possible to assemble the elements four by four ensuring the flow of rainwater in the middle of each side of the assembly.
- the device according to the invention can be made in any dimension, the limit being fixed by the resistance of the materials used for its construction. However, to keep all the advantages of ease of implementation and transport, it will be preferred dimensions compatible with the usual means of transport and masses compatible with light handling equipment.
Abstract
Description
Il est connu depuis longtemps de réaliser des toitures en toiles pour usage provisoire telles que tentes ou chapiteaux.It has long been known to make canvas roofs for temporary use such as tents or marquees.
Il est également connu que, depuis les développements des textiles enduits, on peut réaliser des toitures à base de ces matériaux, non plus simplement portées par une structure, mais fortement tendues de manière à former des surfaces résistant plus fortement aux contraintes extérieures notamment au vent et à la neige.It is also known that, since the development of coated textiles, it is possible to produce roofs based on these materials, no longer simply carried by a structure, but highly tensed so as to form surfaces more resistant to external stresses, particularly to the wind. and snow.
La mise en oeuvre de ces toitures tendues est toujours délicate car la tension appliquée aux points de traction doit être équilibrée de manière à obtenir une répartition optimale des efforts.The implementation of these stretched roofs is always delicate because the tension applied to the traction points must be balanced so as to obtain an optimal distribution of the forces.
La manutention et le transport de ces toitures impliquent de monter d'abord la structure porteuse, puis de déployer la surface de couverture, de la fixer à la structure, et enfin de la mettre en tension.Handling and transporting these roofs involves first mounting the supporting structure, then deploying the covering surface, fixing it to the structure, and finally tensioning it.
Enfin les efforts nécessaires à la tension de ces toitures doivent être repris à l'extérieur et le plus souvent par des ancrages au sol dont il est parfois difficile d'estimer la résistance.Finally the efforts necessary for the tension of these roofs must be taken up outside and more often by ground anchors whose resistance is sometimes difficult to estimate.
Néanmoins ces toitures tendues offrent à la fois des avantages de résistances, mais aussi d'esthétique qui les font préférer par les utilisateurs.However, these stretched roofs offer both advantages of resistance, but also aesthetics which make them preferred by users.
La présente invention se propose d'offrir une solution permettant d'éviter les inconvénients de transport et de mise en oeuvre des toitures tendues, tout en apportant des avantages d'esthétique et de modularité permettant de construire rapidement et sur n'importe quel sol des espaces couverts.The present invention proposes to offer a solution which makes it possible to avoid the drawbacks of transport and implementation of stretched roofs, while bringing advantages of aesthetics and modularity making it possible to quickly build and on any floor. covered spaces.
L'invention a pour objet une toiture en matériau souple tendu caractérisée par le fait qu'elle est constituée essentiellement par six poutrelles, reliées entre elles, à leurs extrémités, par des pièces de jonction articulées, de façon à former trois triangles de même base dont deux, que l'on appelera triangles latéraux, ont leurs sommets situés respectivement de chaque côté de cette base, et le troisième, que l'on appelera triangle de faîte, a son sommet situé au-dessus des plans des deux autres, et un matériau souple est tendu, d'une part, entre les côtés du dit triangle de faîte et les côtés d'un des triangles latéraux, d'autre part, entre les côtés du dit triangle de faîte et les côtés de l'autre triangle latéral, réalisant ainsi une toiture ayant la forme de deux paraboloïdes hyperboliques accolés le long des côtés du triangle de faîte.The subject of the invention is a roof made of stretched flexible material, characterized in that it consists essentially of six beams, connected to each other, at their ends, by articulated connecting pieces, so as to form three triangles of the same base. two of which, which we will call lateral triangles, have their vertices located respectively on each side of this base, and the third, which we will call ridge triangle, at its vertex located above the planes of the other two, and a flexible material is stretched, on the one hand, between the sides of said ridge triangle and the sides of one of the lateral triangles, on the other hand, between the sides of said ridge triangle and the sides of the other triangle lateral, thus creating a roof in the form of two hyperbolic paraboloids joined along the sides of the ridge triangle.
La toiture selon l'invention est d'un montage extrêmement simple, car elle ne comporte, on le voit, que six poutrelles et cinq moyens d'articulation, à savoir trois articulations entre deux pièces et deux articulations entre trois pièces.The roof according to the invention is of an extremely simple assembly, since it comprises, as can be seen, only six beams and five articulation means, namely three articulations between two parts and two articulations between three parts.
Le matériau souple de la toiture peut être fixé de façon permanente, par les lisières appropriées, sur les six poutrelles des triangles et le montage n'exige plus alors que la mise en position des triangles latéraux par rapport au triangle de faîte, provoquant alors la mise en tension de la surface souple.The flexible material of the roof can be permanently fixed, by the appropriate selvedges, on the six beams of the triangles and the assembly does not require any more whereas the positioning of the lateral triangles relative to the ridge triangle, then causing the tensioning of the flexible surface.
La fixation de la matière souple sur les poutrelles peut être obtenue en dotant celles-ci de rainures et les lisières de la matière de joncs d'un diamètre légèrement inférieur à celui de la section droite des rainures.The fixing of the flexible material on the beams can be obtained by providing them with grooves and the edges of the material of rods with a diameter slightly smaller than that of the cross section of the grooves.
Dans une forme de réalisation particulièrement avantageuse, les poutrelles sont de longueurs égales deux par deux, et, de préférence, toutes de même longueur donnant ainsi aux trois triangles la forme de triangles isocèles.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the beams are of equal lengths two by two, and, preferably all of the same length, thus giving the three triangles the form of isosceles triangles.
Cette réalisation présente des avantages supplémentaires de simplicité et de commodité de stockage et de transport des éléments constitutifs de la toiture. En effet, les articulations entre poutrelles étant orientées convenablement, celles-ci peuvent se replier parallèlement et les unes contre les autres occupant alors un espace minimal.This embodiment has additional advantages of simplicity and convenience of storage and transport of the constituent elements of the roof. Indeed, the joints between beams being properly oriented, they can fold in parallel and against each other then occupying minimal space.
La toiture selon l'invention peut être portée par tous moyens reliant les quatre sommets des deux triangles latéraux au support choisi. Mais, en principe, ces sommets sont reliés à la surface porteuse par des pieds parallèles dont les extrémités supérieures sont reliées par articulation aux dits sommets.The roof according to the invention can be carried by any means connecting the four vertices of the two lateral triangles to the chosen support. However, in principle, these vertices are connected to the load-bearing surface by parallel feet, the upper ends of which are connected by articulation to the said vertices.
Lorsque les poutrelles de la toiture sont repliables les unes contre les autres, les pieds de support peuvent, bien entendu, l'être également contre celles-ci.When the beams of the roof are foldable against each other, the support legs can, of course, also be against them.
Le maintien des poutrelles en position peut être assuré par tous moyens de liaison rigides articulés sur les poutrelles et pieds de chacun des dièdres des sommets des triangles latéraux.Maintaining the beams in position can be ensured by any rigid connection means articulated on the beams and feet of each of the dihedrons of the vertices of the lateral triangles.
A titre nullement limitatif, on a représenté au dessin annexé, un exemple de réalisation de toiture selon l'invention, sous sa forme à la fois de réalisation la plus simple et de mise en oeuvre la plus pratique, à savoir celle dans laquelle les six poutrelles sont de même longueur. Sur le dessin
- ― la fig. 1 est une vue en perspective de la structure porteuse de la toiture, et
- ― la fig. 2 est une vue en perspective d'un assemblage de quatre toitures selon la figure 1.
- - fig. 1 is a perspective view of the supporting structure of the roof, and
- - fig. 2 is a perspective view of an assembly of four roofs according to FIG. 1.
Dans l'exemple de la figure 1, le triangle de faîte ABB′ est constitué par les deux poutrelles 5, 6 et les deux triangles latéraux CBB′ et C′BB′ par les poutrelles 1, 2 et 3, 4 respectivement. Ces trois triangles sont ici équilatéraux. Les sommets BB′CC′ sont reliés à la surface support S par des pieds 7, 8, 9, 10 respectivement, dont la longueur est choisie en fonction des inclinaisons voulues pour la toiture. Ici les pieds 7 et 8 de même longueur sont plus petits que les pieds 9, 10 également de même longueur. En chacun des sommets, sont prévus des moyens d'articulation appropriés. En A l'articulation permet le rabattement de la poutrelle 5 contre la poutrelle 6; en B et B′ respectivement le rabattement de 2 et 3 contre 5 et le rabattement de 1 et 4 contre 6. En C et C′ respectivement, le rabattement de 1 contre 2 et celui de 3 contre 4.In the example of FIG. 1, the ridge triangle ABB ′ is constituted by the two
Chacune des poutrelles 1, 2, 3, 4 comporte une rainure le long de son arête et les poutrelles 5 et 6 comportent chacune deux rainures le long de deux de leurs arêtes. Elles pourraient comporter jusqu'à 4 rainures.Each of the
La surface souple formant la voûte, un tissu enduit S par exemple, porte sur ses lisières un jonc de diamètre légèrement inférieur à la section droite de ces rainures. Ces joncs sont introduits dans ces rainures de manière à assurer, d'une part, l'étanchéité entre la poutrelle et le tissu, d'autre part, une liaison aussi régulière que possible entre la poutrelle et le tissu afin d'assurer une répartition régulière des tensions.The flexible surface forming the vault, a coated fabric S for example, carries on its edges a rod of diameter slightly less than the cross section of these grooves. These rods are introduced into these grooves so as to ensure, on the one hand, the seal between the beam and the fabric, on the other hand, a connection as regular as possible between the beam and the fabric in order to ensure distribution regular tensions.
Le tissu une fois placé de façon permanente dans ces rainures il est clair que le dépliage des poutrelles provoque la mise en tension de la surface souple.The fabric once placed permanently in these grooves it is clear that the unfolding of the beams causes the tensioning of the flexible surface.
Le maintien des poutrelles en position est assuré par des barres articulées 11, 12 formant triangles dans chaque dièdre des pièces d'angle B, B′, C, C′ et se repliant parallèlement le long des poutrelles 1, 2, 3, 4.The beams are held in position by articulated
On voit que la mise en oeuvre de la voûte qui vient d'être décrite est particulièrement simple puisqu'elle consiste uniquement à déplier les poutrelles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 et 6 sur le site choisi puis à mettre en places les barres 11, 12... dans chaque dièdre pour obtenir, à la fois, la géométrie définitive de l'ensemble et la parfaite tension de la surface souple.We see that the implementation of the vault which has just been described is particularly simple since it consists only in unfolding the
Les quatre coins B, B′, C, C′ sont ici situés à des hauteurs différentes au-dessus du sol, égales deux à deux en diagonales, en fonction des longueurs des pieds 7, 8, 9 et 10, qui peuvent être télescopiques pour permettre un réglage sur le site en fonction des inégalités du sol de manière à diriger l'écoulement des eaux pluviales quand plusieurs éléments sont assemblés.The four corners B, B ′, C, C ′ are here located at different heights above the ground, equal in pairs diagonally, depending on the lengths of the
Un autre avantage important de l'invention réside dans la modularité du système. En effet, les rainures situées le long des arêtes des poutrelles de côté peuvent être utilisées pour y introduire un joint d'étanchéité entre deux structures, réalisé par exemple dans le même matériau que la toiture et comportant des joncs identiques, de même des rainures identiques situées le long des arêtes des pieds permettent la mise en place ultérieure de panneaux latéraux à usage de fermeture ou de partition. La figure 2 montre clairement comment il est possible d'assembler les éléments quatre par quatre en assurant l'écoulement des eaux pluviales au milieu de chacun des côtés de l'ensemble.Another important advantage of the invention lies in the modularity of the system. Indeed, the grooves located along the edges of the side beams can be used to introduce a seal between two structures, made for example in the same material as the roof and having identical rods, similarly identical grooves located along the edges of the feet allow the subsequent installation of side panels for use as a closure or partition. Figure 2 clearly shows how it is possible to assemble the elements four by four ensuring the flow of rainwater in the middle of each side of the assembly.
Mieux encore, une fois les quatre élements assemblés, il est possible de supprimer les quatre poutrelles de pied centrales et d'obtenir ainsi un enclos couvert d'une surface quatre fois supérieure à la surface du module initial, sans aucun poteau intermédiaire, ce qui est particulièrement apprécié par les utilisateurs.Better yet, once the four elements are assembled, it is possible to remove the four central foot beams and thus obtain a covered enclosure with a surface four times greater than the surface of the module. initial, without any intermediate post, which is particularly appreciated by users.
Le dispositif suivant l'invention peut se réaliser dans n'importe quelle dimension, la limite étant fixée par la résistance des matériaux employés pour sa construction. Néanmoins, pour garder tous les avantages de facilité de mise en oeuvre et de transport, il sera préféré des dimensions compatibles avec les moyens habituels de transport et des masses compatibles avec des engins de manutentions légers.The device according to the invention can be made in any dimension, the limit being fixed by the resistance of the materials used for its construction. However, to keep all the advantages of ease of implementation and transport, it will be preferred dimensions compatible with the usual means of transport and masses compatible with light handling equipment.
Les réalisations les plus courantes conduisent à des dimensions permettant de réaliser des enclos couverts de deux, trois, cinq mètres et dix mètres de côté.The most common constructions lead to dimensions making it possible to produce covered enclosures of two, three, five meters and ten meters on one side.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT89401597T ATE71693T1 (en) | 1988-06-10 | 1989-06-09 | ROOFING MADE OF FLEXIBLE MATERIAL. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8807754A FR2632677B1 (en) | 1988-06-10 | 1988-06-10 | SOFT MATERIAL ROOF |
| FR8807754 | 1988-06-10 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0346236A2 EP0346236A2 (en) | 1989-12-13 |
| EP0346236A3 EP0346236A3 (en) | 1990-02-07 |
| EP0346236B1 true EP0346236B1 (en) | 1992-01-15 |
Family
ID=9367153
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89401597A Expired - Lifetime EP0346236B1 (en) | 1988-06-10 | 1989-06-09 | Roofing made of a flexible material |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0346236B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE71693T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68900709D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2632677B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2865486B1 (en) * | 2004-01-22 | 2007-09-28 | Francois Schlumberger | USE OF A CURVED SURFACE REGULATED IN THE FORM OF HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A ROOF, A VOUTE, A TENT OR A DECORATIVE STRUCTURE. |
| FR2998914A1 (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-06 | Losberger France Sas | SHELTER DEVICE. |
| CA2882541C (en) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-08-02 | Gerhard Allan Warner | Modular hyperbolic trapezoid fabric structure |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1335332A (en) * | 1917-02-03 | 1920-03-30 | Arnold W Hackfield | Collapsible tent |
| BE760097A (en) * | 1969-12-12 | 1971-05-17 | Degaine Jacques | SUPPORT STRUCTURE FOR BUILDING AND BUILDING COVERING USING SUCH STRUCTURE |
| FR2463243A1 (en) * | 1979-08-14 | 1981-02-20 | Winant Daniel | CANVASABLE CANVAS SHELTER, SUCH AS A ROOF, TENT OR THE LIKE |
-
1988
- 1988-06-10 FR FR8807754A patent/FR2632677B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-06-09 AT AT89401597T patent/ATE71693T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-06-09 DE DE8989401597T patent/DE68900709D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-06-09 EP EP89401597A patent/EP0346236B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2632677B1 (en) | 1990-10-05 |
| ATE71693T1 (en) | 1992-02-15 |
| DE68900709D1 (en) | 1992-02-27 |
| FR2632677A1 (en) | 1989-12-15 |
| EP0346236A3 (en) | 1990-02-07 |
| EP0346236A2 (en) | 1989-12-13 |
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