EP0670375B1 - Verfahren zum Härten von Einmetall-Ventilen, insbesondere von Einlassventilen für Brennkraftmaschinen - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Härten von Einmetall-Ventilen, insbesondere von Einlassventilen für Brennkraftmaschinen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0670375B1 EP0670375B1 EP95101756A EP95101756A EP0670375B1 EP 0670375 B1 EP0670375 B1 EP 0670375B1 EP 95101756 A EP95101756 A EP 95101756A EP 95101756 A EP95101756 A EP 95101756A EP 0670375 B1 EP0670375 B1 EP 0670375B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valves
- hardening
- valve
- combustion engines
- internal combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019974 CrSi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282342 Martes americana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000754 repressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for hardening single-metal valves.
- Single metal intake valves especially those made from a hardenable Steel X 45 CrSi 9 3 are commonly used on the various today Functional points such as shaft end, keyway, shaft and valve seat with locally targeted different hardening processes treats what is only in time-consuming, for each functional position time-staggered individual hardening can be carried out.
- This is for example from DE-PS 40 14 072 known.
- Different locally acting Hardening stages for intake valves are also from DE-AS 14 76 045, but only for steels with a share of 0.08 to 0.25% Carbon known. Due to the different individual hardenings the hardening of such intake valves is very great expensive.
- the shaft end and keyway as well as the valve seat are locally hardened by separate induction processes, whereas the valve stem either with a low hardening depth nitrided or superficial by electroplating made hard to form a bi-metal valve becomes.
- the invention has for its object a method for hardening of mono-material valves to develop that inexpensively is, however, one in all functional areas of the valves sufficient hardness and crack resistance, especially in Guaranteed shaft area.
- the invention can be used for the locally different areas separate individual hardenings made on the valve are dispensed with which saves time in production and the one specially trained for each individual hardening and therefore there is no need for expensive equipment. Furthermore, one uniform mass hardening enables the hardened in this way Adequate valves at all function points Hardness and crack resistance, the latter especially in the valve stem area exhibit.
- the curing process according to the invention is based on years Based on insights based on insights, that - due to hardening - low toughness of the material, especially in the stem area for the durability of the valve is not essential. Brittle breaks occur only on and chrome-plated valves (bi-metal valves) as a result of hydrogen embrittlement that begins with electroplating caused. By the related in the invention In contrast, furnace hardening is an entry of hydrogen into the Valve material excluded.
- the shaft hardness offers good wear protection and increases the resistance to plastic deformation of the valve in the event of overload during operation.
- the valves can be conveniently used as bulk material be hardened, making a time-consuming separate Installation of the valves is saved.
- FIG Bar stock 1 made of a hardenable steel such as from X 45 CrSi 9 3 heated at one end 2. Most warmed up End 2 of the blank 1 is then a pear 3 (Fig. 2) compressed by electric upsetting, after which the blank 1 becomes one Valve 4 is forged. For this purpose, the valve stem 5 and the valve plate 6 preformed (Fig.3). Then after Fig. 4, the valve 4 possibly machined, whereby the shaft end 7 and the valve plate 6 functionally designed is and in the area of the end 7 in the valve stem 5 a keyway 8 is incorporated.
- the material is in the form of a rod at the forming temperature heated and through a die with a negative form of Valve pressed through.
- valves 4 designed in this way are used for hardening Bulk material 10 received in a basket 11 and with this in one Hardening furnace 12 introduced.
- the valves are in the hardening furnace 12 4 evenly and at the same time at a temperature of about 950 ° C heat treated for 1-2 hours in a normal atmosphere and then together from the oven heat in an oil bath 13 quenched, whereby this is heated to about 100 ° C. (Fig. 5). All surface areas and Component cross sections of the valves 4 evenly and thus the individual functional valve sections such as valve stem 5, the valve disc 6, the shaft end 7, the keyway 8 and the valve disc base 9 heat treated in the same way.
- the quenched valves 4 are then in the basket 11 in pushed another furnace 14 and there at a temperature from approx. 200 ⁇ 20 ° C for approx subjected.
- a temperature from approx. 200 ⁇ 20 ° C for approx subjected As a result, residual stress peaks in the Structures that arise during hardening are broken down and at the same time one Structural transformation of tetragonal plate marten sites into cubic Martensite reached. This improves the toughness of the valve material and leveled different hardnesses between the Valves 4. These are based on a hardness in the range of 57 ⁇ 3 HRC set. 6 shows the cross-hatching 15 a machined, uniform and evenly hardened Single valve 4.
- valves 4 are finished in the hardened state by grinding or polishing to produce the required Surface quality.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Description
Claims (2)
- Verfahren zum Härten von Einmetall-Ventilen, insbesondere von Einlaßventilen für Brennkraftmaschinen aus einem härtbaren Stahl, insbesondere aus X 45 CrSi 9 3,
wobei,
unter Verzicht auf eine örtlich gezielte Sonderbehandlung einzelner Oberflächenpartien viele gleiche Ventile (4) gemeinsam und gleichzeitig einer für alle Oberflächenpartien und Bauteilquerschnitte gleichmäßig wirkenden Wärmebehandlung bei etwa 950°C in einem Härteofen (12) unterzogen und danach gemeinsam aus der Ofenwärme abgeschreckt werden und wobei die Ventile (4) anschließend durch Entspannen bei einer Temperatur von etwa 200±20°C unter Beibehaltung ihrer durch die vorhergehende Wärmebehandlung geschaffenen martensitischen Gefügestruktur auf eine Härte im Bereich von 57±3 HRC eingestellt werden. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Ventile (4) als Schüttgut (10) gehärtet werden.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4406896 | 1994-03-03 | ||
DE4406896A DE4406896C1 (de) | 1994-03-03 | 1994-03-03 | Verfahren zum Härten von Einmetall-Ventilen, insbesondere von Einlaßventilen für Brennkraftmaschinen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0670375A1 EP0670375A1 (de) | 1995-09-06 |
EP0670375B1 true EP0670375B1 (de) | 1998-09-09 |
Family
ID=6511661
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95101756A Expired - Lifetime EP0670375B1 (de) | 1994-03-03 | 1995-02-09 | Verfahren zum Härten von Einmetall-Ventilen, insbesondere von Einlassventilen für Brennkraftmaschinen |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0670375B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2817029B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4406896C1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019180741A1 (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-09-26 | Durovalves India Pvt. Ltd. | Monometallic inlet valve for crail engine with hardened tappet end |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2896514B1 (fr) * | 2006-01-26 | 2008-05-30 | Aubert & Duval Soc Par Actions | Acier martensitique inoxydable et procede de fabrication d'une piece en cet acier, telle qu'une soupape. |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1206455B (de) * | 1959-08-14 | 1965-12-09 | Daimler Benz Ag | Verfahren zum Haerten von Ventilen, insbesondere von Einlassventilen fuer Brennkraftmaschinen |
DE1216905B (de) * | 1961-07-28 | 1966-05-18 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Vorrichtung zum gleichmaessigen und schnellen Abkuehlen von Werkstuecken, vorzugsweise von Schmiede- oder Gussteilen |
US3319321A (en) * | 1964-01-10 | 1967-05-16 | Eaton Mfg Co | Method of making engine valve |
JPS5137250A (ja) * | 1974-09-26 | 1976-03-29 | Dainippon Toryo Kk | Hanshagataekishohyojisochi |
JPS63169326A (ja) * | 1986-12-30 | 1988-07-13 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 吸気バルブ |
DE4014072A1 (de) * | 1989-06-09 | 1990-12-20 | Thyssen Edelstahlwerke Ag | Verwendung von ausscheidungshaertenden ferritisch-perlitischen (afp-)staehlen als werkstoff fuer gaswechselventile von verbrennungsmotoren |
DE4007487A1 (de) * | 1990-03-09 | 1991-09-12 | Skf Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von maschinenelementen aus stahl |
-
1994
- 1994-03-03 DE DE4406896A patent/DE4406896C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-02-09 DE DE59503476T patent/DE59503476D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-02-09 EP EP95101756A patent/EP0670375B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-02 JP JP7080627A patent/JP2817029B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019180741A1 (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-09-26 | Durovalves India Pvt. Ltd. | Monometallic inlet valve for crail engine with hardened tappet end |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4406896C1 (de) | 1995-06-29 |
JPH07268475A (ja) | 1995-10-17 |
JP2817029B2 (ja) | 1998-10-27 |
EP0670375A1 (de) | 1995-09-06 |
DE59503476D1 (de) | 1998-10-15 |
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