EP0667370B1 - Mousses stratifiées, procédé pour leurs préparation et leurs utilisation - Google Patents

Mousses stratifiées, procédé pour leurs préparation et leurs utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0667370B1
EP0667370B1 EP95101990A EP95101990A EP0667370B1 EP 0667370 B1 EP0667370 B1 EP 0667370B1 EP 95101990 A EP95101990 A EP 95101990A EP 95101990 A EP95101990 A EP 95101990A EP 0667370 B1 EP0667370 B1 EP 0667370B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
foam
gel
sio
foam laminate
volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95101990A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0667370A2 (fr
EP0667370A3 (fr
Inventor
Klaus-Jürgen Behme
Rolf-Michael Dr. Jansen
Andreas Dr. Zimmermann
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Cabot Corp
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Cabot Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0667370A2 publication Critical patent/EP0667370A2/fr
Publication of EP0667370A3 publication Critical patent/EP0667370A3/fr
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Publication of EP0667370B1 publication Critical patent/EP0667370B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
    • C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to novel composite foams made of SiO 2 airgel particles and plastic foams, and to the production and use thereof.
  • blowing agents such as fluorocarbons or chlorofluorocarbons (HFC or CFCs) or hydrocarbons (pentane isomers). That in the Foam trapped cells is for the high Thermal insulation (thermal conductivity 0.020 to 0.040 W / mK) responsible.
  • these blowing agents are a burden with a high halogen content the environment as it diffuses at least partially from the foam emit.
  • the less environmentally harmful halogen-free hydrocarbons have disadvantages in the manufacture and use because of their flammability the foams. They too are diffused during use released continuously.
  • SiO 2 aerogels typically have superior thermal insulation properties ( ⁇ 0.02 W / mK) to the foams. However, they cannot be produced in any shape, are sensitive to breakage and show only a low compressive strength.
  • SiO 2 aerogels can be produced by a sol-gel process from suitable precursor materials in a solvent and subsequent drying at supercritical values of temperature and pressure. Such processes are described, for example, in EP-A-0 396 076 and WO 92/03378. However, this drying technique is very complex.
  • SiO 2 gels can be dried under subcritical conditions if they are treated with a silylating agent before drying.
  • the products produced in this way are often referred to as "SiO 2 xerogels". They are excellent thermal insulation agents and, apart from SiO 2, only contain air (in the pores). However, they cannot easily be shaped into any desired shape for thermal insulation, and their mechanical strength is relatively low.
  • step a) an acidic ion exchange resin is preferably used; there those containing sulfonic acid groups are particularly suitable. If one If mineral acids are used, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid are particularly suitable. Sodium or potassium water glass is preferably used as the water glass.
  • the base used is generally NH 4 OH, NaOH, KOH, Al (OH) 3 or colloidal silica. If a mineral acid was used in step a), the SiO 2 gel produced with the aid of the base is washed free of electrolytes with water; washing is preferably carried out until the washing water running off has the same electrical conductivity as demineralized water.
  • the gel is preferably aged, in general at 20 to 90 ° C, preferably at 20 to 70 ° C, and a pH of 6 to 11, preferably 6 to 9.
  • the time for this is generally 1 to 48 hours, especially 1 to 24 hours.
  • the gel is preferably washed with an organic one Solvent until the water content of the gel is less than 2% by weight.
  • Solvents are generally aliphatic alcohols, ethers, esters or Ketones, as well as aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons are used.
  • Preferred solvents are methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, Tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, dioxane, n-hexane and toluene.
  • solvents are methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, Tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, dioxane, n-hexane and toluene.
  • Steps a) to c) are generally carried out at a temperature between Freezing point of the solution and 70 ° C carried out.
  • step d) the solvent-containing gel is reacted with a silylating agent.
  • the reaction is generally carried out at 20 to 100 ° C, preferably 30 to 70 ° C, if necessary in a solvent.
  • the silylated gel is preferably coated with a protic or aprotic solvent washed until unreacted silylating agent in is substantially removed (residual content ⁇ 1% by weight).
  • Suitable solvents are those mentioned in step c). Analogously, they are preferred there mentioned solvents also preferred here.
  • the gel is silylated, and preferably washed thereafter Temperatures from -30 to 200 ° C, preferably 0 to 100 ° C, as well as pressures from 0.001 to 20 bar, preferably 0.01 to 5 bar, in particular 0.1 to 2 bar, dried. Temperatures higher than 200 ° C and / or higher pressures than 20 bar is easily possible, but they are with unnecessary effort connected and have no advantages. The advantage of this procedure is that during drying temperatures and pressures sufficient for the usual solvents far below their critical temperatures and pressures lie. Drying is generally continued until the gel has a residual solvent content of less than 0.1% by weight.
  • the SiO 2 xerogel particles produced in this way generally have a diameter of 0.01 to 30 mm and a density of 0.1 to 0.6 g / cm 3 .
  • the thermal conductivity of such an SiO 2 particle is 0.01 to 0.02 W / mK.
  • the thermal conductivity ( ⁇ value) of a bed of such particles depends on the particle size. A bed of large particles contains large voids filled with air, and therefore the bed has almost the same ⁇ value as air (0.024 W / mK), as shown in Table 1.
  • Particle size (mm) particle shape Thermal conductivity (W / mK, 24 ° C) 10 - 30 rods 0.033 1 - 5 granules 0.024 ⁇ 1 powder 0,021
  • thermal insulation materials with high mechanical strength and high thermal insulation capacity can be produced in any geometric shape by foaming SiO 2 airgel particles with foam.
  • SiO 2 airgel particles are poured into a correspondingly shaped container and mixed with a mixture which contains the components required for the foam synthesis.
  • the hardening foam envelops the particles and binds them together in the intended shape.
  • the volume of the bed of particles should be 10 to 90% of the volume of the finished composite foam, ie 10 to 90% of the volume of the molded container in which it is manufactured. 90 to 10% of the volume of the finished composite foam is accounted for by the foam.
  • the volume percentages are based on the volume of the finished Composite foam covered.
  • the aerogels are made by drying a suitable gel. According to the invention, among gels in the broader sense, “gels with air as Dispersant "to understand.
  • airgel in this sense includes aerogels in the narrower sense, Xerogels and cryogels.
  • a dried gel is used as an airgel in the narrower range Meaning meaning when the liquid of the gel is at temperatures above the critical temperature and starting from pressures above the critical Pressure is removed. However, if the liquid of the gel becomes subcritical, removed, for example, to form a liquid-vapor boundary phase, then the resulting gel is called a xerogel.
  • subcritically dried aerogels used. They can be dried over critically Airgels easier, i.e. at lower temperatures and lower pressures, produce, and are due to the groups inserted by the silylation (preferably trimethylsilyl groups) permanently hydrophobic.
  • Xerogel particles preferably have porosities above 60% and densities below 0.6 g / cm 3 .
  • the diameter of the gel particles is preferably in the range from 0.01 to 30 mm.
  • a polyurethane and / or Polyolefin foam used.
  • a linear low density polyethylene for example, can be used as the polyolefin (LLDPE), a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and a polypropylene homo- or copolymer can be used.
  • LLDPE polyolefin
  • HDPE high-density polyethylene
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
  • Polyurethane is particularly preferred as the plastic foam.
  • polyurethane foams are known and for example in plastic manual, volume VII, polyurethane, Carl Hanser Verlag Kunststoff, Vienna, 3rd edition (1993), especially pages 271-282, as well in EP-A-0 077 964, EP-A-0 334 059, DE-AS 1 964 138 (GB-PS 1 209 243) described.
  • CO 2 is preferably used as the blowing agent for the polyurethane, which is produced in the polyurethane synthesis from polyisocyanates and compounds having at least two hydrogen atoms which are reactive toward isocyanate groups (and, if appropriate, other customary additives, for example foam stabilizers) by adding water.
  • these have the disadvantages described above.
  • polycarbonate Polysulfone, poly (phenylene oxide), polyamide, poly (methyl acrylate), Polymethacrylamide, polyimide, epoxy and silicone foams, foams Phenol, urethane and melamine formaldehyde resins and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foams.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • the composite foams according to the invention preferably have a density of 0.05 to 0.6 g / cm 3 .
  • Their thermal conductivity is preferably in the range from 0.015 to 0.040 W / mK.
  • Another object of the invention is a method for producing a composite foam, which is characterized in that a bed of SiO 2 airgel particles is foamed with plastic foam, the volume of the bed being 10 to 90% by volume of the intended volume of the composite foam.
  • the composite foams produced in this way can be used for thermal insulation are used, for example, as building boards, components or as components of cooling devices and other heat-insulating hollow bodies.
  • This solution was brought to a pH of 5.5 with a 0.5 molar NH 4 OH solution and then sprayed using an ultrasonic nozzle.
  • the moist gel granules were ripened for a further 24 hours at 50 ° C. and a pH of 6.
  • the water was then extracted with 6 l of acetone at 50 ° C. and the gel containing acetone was silylated with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) (0.05 g of TMCS per gram of wet gel, reaction time 4 hours at 50 ° C.) and then washed again with 1 l of acetone ,
  • TMCS trimethylchlorosilane
  • the transparent SiO 2 xerogel granules thus obtained had a bulk density of approx. 0.1 g / cm 3 .
  • the BET specific surface area was 950 m 2 / g and the thermal conductivity was 0.021 W / mK.
  • the particle diameter was 0.1 to 1 mm.
  • the thermal conductivity was determined using a heating wire method (see e.g. O. Nielsson, G. Joschenpöhler, J. subject, J. Fricke, High-Temperatures-High-Pressures, Vol. 21: 267-274 (1989)).
  • the mold was then closed, after which the SiO 2 xerogel particles were enveloped by the resulting polyurethane foam.
  • a hard composite foam sheet with a density of 0.14 g / cm 3 and an initial thermal conductivity of 0.020 W / mK resulted, which increased to 0.022 W / mK in the course of 1 week. This value was unchanged after further storage for 2 months.
  • the composite foam contained 80 vol.% SiO 2 xerogel particles and 20 vol.% Polyurethane foam.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Silicon Compounds (AREA)
  • Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Mousse composite contenant
    a) de 10 à 90 % vol. de particules d'aérogel de SiO2 silylé
    et
    b) de 90 à 10 % en volume d'une mousse de matière synthétique.
  2. Mousse composite selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les particules de gel présentent des porosités supérieures à 60 % et des masses volumiques inférieures à 0,6 g/cm3.
  3. Mousse composite selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les particules de gel présentent un diamètre qui se trouve dans le domaine de 0,01 à 30 mm.
  4. Mousse composite selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la mousse de matière synthétique est une mousse de polyuréthanne et/ou polyoléfine.
  5. Mousse composite selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que la mousse composite de matière synthétique est une mousse de polyuréthanne expansée à l'aide de CO2 comme agent d'expansion.
  6. Procédé pour la préparation d'une mousse composite, caractérisé en ce qu'on enrobe de mousse de matière synthétique une matière en vrac de particules de xérogel de SiO2 silylées, le volume de la matière en vrac étant de 10 à 90 % en volume du volume recherché de la mousse composite.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'on fait réagir des particules de xérogel de SiO2 que l'on peut obtenir par
    a) établissement d'un pH ≤ 3,0 dans une solution aqueuse à l'aide d'une résine échangeuse d'ions acide ou d'un acide minéral,
    b) polycondensation de l'acide silicique en formation par ajout d'une base pour donner un gel de SiO2 et, si on utilise à l'étape a) un acide minéral, on lave le gel jusqu'à l'absence d'électrolyte,
    c) lavage du gel obtenu à l'étape b) par un solvant organique jusqu'à ce que la teneur en eau du gel ≤ 5,0 % en poids,
    d) réaction du gel obtenu à l'étape c) sur un agent de silylation,
    e) séchage su gel silylé obtenu à l'étape d) à une température de -30 à 200°C et une pression de 0,001 à 20 bars.
  8. Utilisation de la mousse composite selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 5 pour le calorifugeage.
EP95101990A 1994-02-15 1995-02-14 Mousses stratifiées, procédé pour leurs préparation et leurs utilisation Expired - Lifetime EP0667370B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4404701 1994-02-15
DE4404701A DE4404701A1 (de) 1994-02-15 1994-02-15 Verbundschaumstoffe, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0667370A2 EP0667370A2 (fr) 1995-08-16
EP0667370A3 EP0667370A3 (fr) 1995-08-30
EP0667370B1 true EP0667370B1 (fr) 2002-08-14

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EP95101990A Expired - Lifetime EP0667370B1 (fr) 1994-02-15 1995-02-14 Mousses stratifiées, procédé pour leurs préparation et leurs utilisation

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6040375A (fr)
EP (1) EP0667370B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3691868B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1056393C (fr)
AT (1) ATE222275T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2142520A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4404701A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2181727T3 (fr)

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CN111944110A (zh) * 2020-08-30 2020-11-17 宁波耀众模塑科技有限公司 一种隔热效果好的聚氨酯发泡产品配方
US20230383083A1 (en) * 2020-10-01 2023-11-30 Cabot Corporation Flexible Polyurethane Foam and Formulation Thereof
CN114956863A (zh) * 2022-06-09 2022-08-30 安徽瑞联节能科技股份有限公司 一种建筑外墙保温复合板及其加工工艺

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DE59510313D1 (de) 2002-09-19
EP0667370A2 (fr) 1995-08-16
ATE222275T1 (de) 2002-08-15
JPH07316328A (ja) 1995-12-05
DE4404701A1 (de) 1995-08-17
CN1116217A (zh) 1996-02-07
ES2181727T3 (es) 2003-03-01
JP3691868B2 (ja) 2005-09-07
CN1056393C (zh) 2000-09-13
US6040375A (en) 2000-03-21
CA2142520A1 (fr) 1995-08-16
EP0667370A3 (fr) 1995-08-30

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