Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
  • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
  • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
  • B03B9/061—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse the refuse being industrial
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
  • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
  • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
  • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
  • B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices

Definitions

• the invention relates to a sorting system according to the preamble of claim 1.
• a sorting system for sorting valuable materials from dry waste such as paper, glass, cardboard, plastics or the like has become known from US Pat. No. 3,595,389.
• the mixture of recyclable materials to be sorted is fed via a conveyor to a manual reading belt, on which manual sorting workplaces with discharge chutes are provided.
• the materials to be sorted are manually picked up by the workers on the hand-held tape and placed in the discharge chutes located to the side of the operator.
• the discharge chutes assigned to a specific recyclable material fraction then lead to the recyclable material bunker below, from which the recyclable materials can be disposed of as a single fraction.
• the device according to the aforementioned US-PS provides that the operator standing on the hand-held tape are also assigned different discharge chutes, so that the Operators only have to concentrate on certain recyclables. However, it is generally provided that each operator must sort out a large number of individual recyclables from the manual reading station.
• This type of sorting of recyclable materials has the disadvantage that, on the one hand, a large number of discharge chutes must be present in the area of each operator in order to dispose of the large number of incoming recyclable materials such as paper, glass, metal, fabric, cardboard, plastics, etc. This requires a large amount of space and a high mechanical outlay, since the discharge chutes have to be guided to corresponding bunkers with complicated guide devices.
• the arrangement of the discharge chutes can also be unfavorable in some cases, i.e. be arranged less ergonomically, since each operator must operate several waste chutes.
• Another sorting device has become known from EP-0 123 825 A2.
• the recyclable materials to be sorted out are guided on an annular conveyor line, on which manual and also automatic sorting workstations with discharge chutes are arranged.
• the material to be sorted can be kept in a cycle until the individual fractions of recyclable material are sorted out.
• the different recyclables are moved into different discharge chutes by an operator.
• the core idea of sorting out valuable materials is the reuse of the raw materials of valuable packaging material.
• the "Dual System” was founded in Germany, which guarantees a return guarantee of the industry of packaging materials of all kinds.
• the packaging is provided with the so-called "green dot", which is to be sent to a recycling process for recycling.
• These are all types of packaging such as glass, tinplate, aluminum, cardboard, paper, plastics, composite materials.
• the aim is to collect and sort the resulting packaging materials on a large scale and to send the recovered individual fractions to a recycling process. The problem arises that in the future huge amounts of packaging material will arise unsorted, which must be treated accordingly.
• the invention has for its object to optimize the known sorting systems so that a higher throughput can be achieved. This applies in particular to manual sorting workplaces.
• a certain recyclable material fraction is sorted out by the sorting belt or hand-held conveyor belt within this work cycle, then in a subsequent work cycle a different recyclable material fraction is also fed to the collection device for all operators at the same time and from there to a certain different recyclable material bunker.
• the individual rejects can be sorted out from the hand-held conveyor belt at very high speed and effectiveness, with the collection device picking up only one particular reusable fraction in a work cycle and feeding it continuously or intermittently to a certain reusable bunker.
• the sorted fractions are then each brought from this recycling bin to a conveyor, from where they are fed, for example, to a baler.
• the collecting device assigned to the sorting belt or hand-held reading belt for receiving a certain valuable material fraction in a certain working cycle can be designed in very different ways. In the simplest form it can Collecting device, for example, a conveyor belt connected in parallel with the hand-held conveyor belt, which serves as an intermediate store. This buffer is then loaded with a certain fraction of valuable material in the respective work cycle. The work cycle is generally dimensioned until the respective fraction of recyclable material is largely sorted out from the hand-held tape. Thereafter, this intermediate storage, which is designed as a conveyor belt, is emptied in that the material is guided to an associated bunker.
• a conveyor belt which can be driven in both directions is located above a multiplicity of bunkers arranged next to one another and the conveyor belt is arranged such that it can be displaced longitudinally in both longitudinal directions in such a way that one of the two discharge ends is located above the associated waste bin.
• the collecting device and in particular the collecting belt for picking up a certain valuable material fraction by the operator are assigned an additional pre-storage device, on which the sorted out valuable material fraction is initially fed.
• This loading of the pre-storage device takes place at least over such a period of time as the actual collecting device, i.e. the collecting belt is required to guide the recyclable material fraction to a specific recycling bin.
• the operating personnel can already enter the new valuable fraction into the pre-storage device in a subsequent work cycle, without any loss of time. If the collection device has been emptied with a certain valuable material fraction, the contents of the pre-storage device can also be used of the subsequent fraction of valuable materials are placed on the collecting belt.
• the pre-storage device can be designed in a wide variety of ways. In general, the fraction of valuable material that is sorted out in each work cycle must be stored in an intermediate storage device in order to cover the period of time when the collection device was emptied, i.e. to bridge the collecting conveyor. If there is no such time delay due to the establishment of the system, such a pre-storage device can be dispensed with entirely or largely.
• the collecting device can also be designed as a pneumatic conveying line to the individual recycling bunkers, with a corresponding regulation of the delivery flow to the associated recycling bunker.
• the pre-storage device can be designed, for example, as a cellular wheel or drum magazine in order to feed a certain valuable material fraction to the pneumatic delivery line at a certain time.
• the pre-storage device can consist, for example, of a recycling bin with a deflection flap, which releases the recycling fraction to the conveyor belt at a given time.
• two side-by-side collecting belts can also be provided, which are assigned to a manual reading or sorting belt.
• a corresponding deflection flap By means of a corresponding deflection flap, one of these collecting belts is then fed with a certain recyclable material fraction, during which the other collecting belt carries out the emptying process in the associated recycling bin.
• the decisive factor is the avoidance of interval times in which the operating personnel can no longer carry out the sorting process due to the emptying process of the collecting device or the collecting belt. This must be avoided with suitable pre-storage devices which take up the recyclable fraction to be sorted out at least until the collecting belt for picking up a new recyclable fraction is released again.
• the sorting system provides a sorting belt or a manual reading belt, to which a collecting belt as a collecting device and, in turn, corresponding recycling bins are assigned.
• a collecting belt as a collecting device and, in turn, corresponding recycling bins are assigned.
• several sorting belts can also be connected in parallel, each of which has associated collecting belts.
• Various recyclable material mixtures can then be brought to the sorting workplaces on the parallel sorting belts, with upstream ones
• Sorting equipment takes over a preliminary separation of the delivered packaging material or the delivered recyclables.
• Fig. 1 is a side view
• Fig. 2 is a plan view of an inventive
• 3a, 3b is a plan view of three manual harvesting or sorting belts connected in parallel with associated collecting devices and underlying bunkers in different working positions, 4a-4g individual representations of the arrangement between the sorting belt and the collecting belt with an intermediate storage device or intermediate storage device which may be present.
• the following exemplary embodiment is described on the basis of a sorting of a mixture of recyclable materials, as can be used, for example, in the "dual system” for the disposal of packaging material with the "green dot". This can result in packaging made of glass, tinplate, aluminum, cardboard, paper, plastic, composite materials or the like.
• FIG. 1 shows a side view
• FIG. 2 shows a top view of the sorting system 1 with different sorting sections.
• the delivered bags with the packaging material mixture are placed in a bunker conveyor 2, only shown schematically, and fed to a bag opening system 3.
• the bags are opened and completely emptied.
• the loose valuable material is transported on with a conveyor belt 4.
• This conveyor belt warps the material and the ferrous materials are lifted out of the material flow by an FE separator 5.
• the material mixture freed from iron-containing materials is then fed to a subsequent screening machine 6 and divided into three partial streams, namely residual fraction 7, middle fraction 8 and overflow fraction 9. These valuable material flows are shown with corresponding arrows in FIG. 2.
• the basic structure of the screening machine 6 is shown in the applicant's EP 0 168 495 B1. Reference is hereby expressly made to this publication.
• the residual fraction 7 can be removed from the material mixture in the first area of the screening machine 6. It reaches a residual bunker 11 via the conveyor belt 10.
• the middle fraction 8 is discharged onto the conveyor belt 12 via the screening machine 6.
• the overflow fraction 9 is discharged onto the conveyor belt 13.
• the conveyor belt 12 feeds the middle fraction 8 onto a subsequent inclined sorting machine 14.
• the type of such an inclined sorting machine 14 is shown in the applicant's EP-PS 0 123 825. Reference is also expressly made to this publication.
• the material mixture 8 fed onto the inclined sorting machine 14 is separated into “flat” and “rolling” components due to the design of the inclined sorting machine 14.
• the "flat” mixed fraction 15 is transported on a conveyor belt 16 to an NE separator 17.
• aluminum-containing materials are deposited and sorted on the subsequent conveyor belt 18.
• a chute 19 holds aluminum, another chute 20 additional aluminum composites. The remainder reaches another waste bunker via a discharge chute 21.
• the flat mixing fraction 15 treated by the NE separator 17 passes as a flat mixing fraction 22 onto a conveyor belt 23 which leads to a first manual sorting section 24 or the first sorting belt 24.
• the "rolling" fraction 25 from the inclined sorting machine 14 becomes a second one via a conveyor belt 26
• Hand sorting line or sorting conveyor belt 27 transported.
• the overflow fraction 9 of the screening machine 6 passes via the conveyor belt 13 to a third manual sorting section 28 or a third sorting conveyor belt 28.
• variable discharge chutes for all manual sorting lines 24, 25, 28 there is basically the possibility to drop the material to be sorted out directly via variable discharge chutes in the boxes below.
• Such an optionally available discharge chute 29 can, for example, be arranged at any point on each manual sorting section 24, 27, 28 and connected to a conveyor belt 30 located underneath. This is shown schematically in FIG. 2.
• the essential sorting task is carried out by means of the collecting conveyor belts 31 to 33 assigned to the manual sorting sections 24, 27, 28, which are located next to the respective manual sorting sections.
• these belts 31 to 33 can also lie under the sorting belts 24, 27, 28, suitable deflection plates being provided.
• These collecting conveyor belts 31 to 33 are used to hold a very specific individual fraction, which the operators sort out from the respective manual sorting line during a certain working cycle.
• the starting position of such sorting is shown in Fig. 3a.
• five to ten people stand on the sorting belt or the manual sorting section 24 and sort from the flat mixed fraction arriving from the conveyor belt 23 22 the packaging material consisting of flat cardboard or cardboard and throw it onto the collecting conveyor belt 31. This process is also shown in FIG.
• the length of the working cycle of these individual sorting operations on the three manual sorting sections 24, 27, 28 is dimensioned so long that essentially all mono fractions to be sorted out can be removed from the respective sorting belt. This means that the successive working cycles can also be of different lengths in order to meet the size of the mono fractions to be sorted.
• On a The respective work cycle can be displayed for the operating personnel on the optical display.
• bunkers are located below the manual sorting sections 24, 27, 28, which are designated 101 to 107 in the exemplary embodiment.
• the bunker 101 contains mixed plastics, the bunker 102 cardboard, the bunker 103 cups, the bunker 104 foils, the bunker 105 beverage carton, the bunker 106 foams and the bunker 107 aluminum and aluminum compounds.
• a discharge chute 38 is assigned to each individual bunker, as shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b.
• FIG. 3b The ejection process in this ejection chute 38 of the sorting described above is shown in FIG. 3b.
• the collecting conveyor belts 31 to 33 can be displaced in both directions in their axial longitudinal direction and reversible in their conveying direction.
• the collecting conveyor belt 31 - if necessary - must be moved with the discarded area 39 (cardboard / cardboard) with its discharge area 39 to the discharge shaft 38 of the associated bunker 102 and provided with a conveyor belt drive 40 correspondingly directed to the left.
• the mono fraction 35 then falls into the discharge chute 38 of the bunker 102 intended for cardboard.
• the mono fraction 36 for example a cup
• the mono fraction 36 fed onto the collecting conveyor belt 32 is introduced into the bunker 103 by a longitudinal displacement of the collecting conveyor belt 32.
• the collecting conveyor belt 32 has shifted to the right for this purpose, so that the discharge area 39 comes to rest over the collecting bunker 103 for this mono fraction.
• the mono fraction 37 (for example mixed plastics) discharged from the mixed fraction 9 is also introduced into the bunker 101 from the collecting conveyor belt 33, the collecting conveyor belt 33 taking the left end position shown in FIG.
• the middle bunker 104 can e.g. for receiving foils can be filled by a feeder via the discharge chutes 29, a conveyor belt 30 being able to carry out this fraction separately.
• FIG. 2 An alternative application as shown in FIG. 2 provides that the sorting belts 24, 27, 28 have a separating point 41 in the area of the last collecting bunker 101 in order to discharge the residual fraction from these sorting belts 24, 27, 28 into the bunker 101, for example to enable.
• This is shown in FIG. 2 for the sorting belts 24, 27 with an opening at the separation point 41, so that the residual mixture remaining on these belts falls into the bunker 101.
• the upper third sorting section 28 shown in FIG. 2 has a closed separation point 41 so that the residual fraction remaining on this belt leads to a downstream conveyor belt 42.
• the separation points 41 of the sorting sections 24, 27 can also be closed, so that the subsequent belt section likewise runs out on the conveyor belt 42 or other belts.
• the collecting bunkers 101 to 107 have a width and height that make it possible for a vehicle to be able to drive into these bunkers and to push the mono material collected in each case onto a downstream conveyor belt 43.
• the respective mono fraction is conveyed from this conveyor belt 43 to a baling press, not shown in detail.
• a work cycle on the respective manual sorting lines 24, 27, 28 includes the taking up of a monofraction and the discharge onto a collection conveyor belt 31 to 33 connected in parallel.
• This collection conveyor belt must then be emptied during this work cycle, one of the two ends with its discharge area above the respectively assigned one Bunker is driven. If this position is reached, the conveyor belt drive 40 must be switched on and the entire collecting conveyor belt must be emptied. During this period, no new fraction from the respective manual sorting lines can be applied to the respective conveyor belts. Therefore, according to the representations in FIGS. 4b to 4g, provision is made for this by means of a pre-storage unit 46
• Fig. 4a The starting position of the sorting process is shown in Fig. 4a. This corresponds to the way of working described above.
• the collecting conveyor belt 31 to 33 has a collecting conveyor belt 31 'to 33' arranged in parallel next to it so that the operator 34 can load one of the collecting conveyor belts with a mono fraction while the other collecting conveyor belt is emptied into the respective bunker.
• the embodiment according to FIG. 4b has a deflection flap 44 which extends over the entire length of the Collective conveyor belts and which can be folded in two positions. In the position shown in Fig. 4b, the deflection flap 44 is shown in the right position, so that the left collecting conveyor belt 31 to 33 can be loaded with the mono fraction.
• the deflection flap can be swiveled into position 44 '(arrow 45), so that the parallel collecting conveyor belt 31' to 33 'can already be fed with the next mono fraction as long as the left collecting conveyor belt is assigned to the respective one Bunker is emptied. As a result, there is no downtime for the operators.
• the two collecting conveyor belts can also be arranged one above the other, the upper belt 31, 32, 33 being stationary and the lower belt 31 ', 32', 33 'being longitudinally displaceable.
• the upper band 31, 32, 33 can be emptied onto the lower band 31 ', 32', 33 '.
• the travel time of the lower belt 31 ', 32', 33 'to the associated bunker is saved.
• the mono fraction 35 to 37 is introduced into a pre-storage unit 46, which is designed as a turnstile 47 in a corresponding housing 48 according to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4c.
• the mono fraction 35 to 37 sorted into a chamber 49 of the turnstile 47 is held in this position at least until the collecting conveyor belt 31 to 33 is emptied from the previous mono fraction and returned to the working position.
• the pre-storage unit 46 in FIG. 4c is designed similarly to a cellular wheel sluice with a horizontal axis of rotation 50, the individual chambers being able to be loaded with the respective mono fraction.
• the operator 34 can optionally also have a second chamber (upper chamber 51) send to another faction if necessary.
• FIGS. 4d, 4e also show a pre-storage unit 46 in the form of a three-wing turnstile 52, which is mounted in a housing 48 similar to a cellular wheel sluice.
• the turnstile is 52 in
• a pneumatic line 53 is provided instead of the collecting conveyor belt 31 to 33, which leads the mono fraction introduced into the line to the associated bunker 101 to 107.
• the pre-storage unit 46 with the turnstile 52 serves as a rotary valve for sealing the lower, pressurized pneumatic line 53 from the environment.
• the turnstile 52 is therefore sealed in the cellular wheel housing 48.
• FIG. 4f shows a further variant for a pre-storage unit 46.
• a pre-storage unit 46 with a vertical axis of rotation 50 is provided in the embodiment according to FIG. 4f, with four individual chambers, for example, according to the lower illustration in FIG. 4f 49 are provided, in which the respective mono fraction is entered.
• the individual chambers 49 are cylindrical in shape, three chambers being closed on their lower base and the fourth chamber 49 'being open at the bottom to accommodate those in the Chamber introduced mono fraction to lead to the collecting conveyor belt 31 to 33.
• the pre-storage unit 46 is accordingly designed like a turret head with individual drums. However, it can also be designed in a similar way to a cellular wheel sluice with V-shaped individual chambers, only one chamber being open at the bottom towards the collecting conveyor belt. Instead of the collecting conveyor belt 31 to 33, the embodiment according to FIG. 4f can of course also have a pneumatic line, as shown in FIG. 4e.
• FIG. 4g initially corresponds to the embodiment according to FIG. 4a with a hand sorting section 24, 27, 28 designed as a conveyor belt, of which the operator 34 processes a mixed fraction 15, 22, 25, for example, and a monofraction 35 therefrom, 36, 37 on the underlying conveyor belt 31, 32, 33 sorted out.
• This "normal case" is described in Fig. 4a.
• the mixed fraction 15, 22, 25, etc. is obtained in very different amounts from the manual sorting section 24, 27, 28.
• so-called hollow bodies and cups occur in much higher proportions than is the case for example for beverage cartons, aluminum and other substances.
• each operator 34 is assigned a number "n" of buffer boxes 108 to 110 or memory boxes in the immediate control field of length "a", in which there are fewer or fewer quantities Mono fractions can be sorted and buffered.
• the upper picture and the lower picture three buffer boxes 108 to 110 are located directly in front of the operator 34, for example Above the manual sorting section 24, 27, 28, so that the operator can very easily deposit an individual fraction in one of these buffer boxes.
• the buffer box 108 takes out beverage cartons 105, the buffer box 109 aluminum materials 107 and the buffer box 110 other residues 111.
• the system according to the invention can now be controlled in such a way that the collecting conveyor belt 31 to 33 is successively fed with a respective mono fraction, which accumulates in larger quantities on the manual sorting line. For example, only hollow body fractions are initially thrown onto the collecting conveyor belt 31 to 33 and cleared from the collecting conveyor belt after a certain processing time. During this clearing time or belt emptying time of the collecting conveyor belt 31 to 33, the operator 34 can easily put one or more of the small mono fractions 105, 107, 111 into the individual buffer boxes 108 to 110 and in this way make sensible use of the emptying time of the collecting conveyor belt.
• the second, large mono fraction for example a cup
• the second, large mono fraction can also be fed onto the collecting conveyor belt 31 to 33 and the subsequent emptying time of the collecting conveyor belt is in turn used to load the buffer boxes 108 to 110.
• This sorting process of the buffer boxes can only take place in one of the boxes at a time or in several boxes at the same time. The operator can therefore, for example, only load the buffer box 108 with the fraction 105 (for example beverage cartons) during the band emptying interval.
• 4g upper image, the emptying of the tilted buffer box 108, for example, is shown in broken lines, from which the fraction 105 is tipped out laterally and falls onto the collecting belt 31 to 33.
• the operator 34 can of course choose one of the other two buffer boxes 109, Feed 110 with mono fraction 107, 111.
• the buffer boxes 108 to 110 can consequently be emptied in a certain working rhythm. Only after several cycles of large-scale mono fractions have been processed and disposed of can a single buffer box, which has in the meantime become full, be tipped over as an intermediate disposal and conveyed onto the collecting belt 31 to 33. This measure enables optimal utilization of the emptying times of the collecting conveyor belts 31 to 33.
• a further advantage of the system according to the invention is that the air conditioning and the heat balance can be significantly improved. Because only a few sorting cabin breakthroughs are required due to the supply and removal of the various material flows, the air volumes for dedusting, disinfection and air conditioning can be significantly reduced compared to classic solutions with the discharge chute. The air / volume ratio corresponds to the ratio of the free openings.
• Another advantage of the system is that it can be adapted to almost any sorting task using a suitable control device.
• the sorting cycles for each conveyor belt and thus for each fraction can be influenced by a "band kapo" placed at the beginning of the conveyor belt via foot or knee switches.
• the overall cycle time i.e. the programmed downtime for sorting out 1, 2 or more fractions, can be set or influenced by the machine operator.
• the basic functions for operating the system can be set to several typical packaging mixtures using the keyboard or similar operating elements.
• the system can also be switched to continuous system operation.
• a longitudinal division of the sorting belt 24, 27, 28 can also be provided.
• the longitudinal division of the sorting belt into 2 or more chambers by a corrugated edge or the like is provided for the purpose of intermediate storage and, if necessary, further transport of fractions with small proportions, for which switching over the collecting belts and the distribution chutes is not worthwhile.

Landscapes

• Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
• Branching, Merging, And Special Transfer Between Conveyors (AREA)
• Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)
• Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Optical Communication System (AREA)
• Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
• Seasonings (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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• 1994
  • 1994-05-10 EP EP94915031A patent/EP0650399B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-05-10 JP JP6524823A patent/JPH07508931A/ja active Pending
  • 1994-05-10 CA CA002138548A patent/CA2138548A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 1994-05-10 AT AT94915031T patent/ATE198559T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1994-05-10 DE DE4416457A patent/DE4416457C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1994-05-10 DE DE59409632T patent/DE59409632D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1994-05-10 WO PCT/DE1994/000558 patent/WO1994026429A1/fr active IP Right Grant

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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