EP0649328A1 - Procede et dispositif de nettoyage d'appareils electriques contamines avec du biphenylene surchlore - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de nettoyage d'appareils electriques contamines avec du biphenylene surchlore

Info

Publication number
EP0649328A1
EP0649328A1 EP93915932A EP93915932A EP0649328A1 EP 0649328 A1 EP0649328 A1 EP 0649328A1 EP 93915932 A EP93915932 A EP 93915932A EP 93915932 A EP93915932 A EP 93915932A EP 0649328 A1 EP0649328 A1 EP 0649328A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
circuit
evaporator
line
distillation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93915932A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerhard Kemmler
Walter Anspach
Klaus Porsche
Lothar HÖHN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nukem GmbH
Original Assignee
Nukem GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nukem GmbH filed Critical Nukem GmbH
Publication of EP0649328A1 publication Critical patent/EP0649328A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/06—Evaporators with vertical tubes
    • B01D1/12—Evaporators with vertical tubes and forced circulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G21/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
    • C10G21/006—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents of waste oils, e.g. PCB's containing oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G7/00—Distillation of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G7/006—Distillation of hydrocarbon oils of waste oils other than lubricating oils, e.g. PCB's containing oils

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cleaning electrical devices, such as transformers, which are contaminated with, in particular, PCB and are filled with fluid fluid mixed in the circuit and flowing back to the electrical device is mixed, as well as a delivery unit arranged in the circuit.
  • the invention relates to a device for cleaning, in particular PCB-contaminated, fluid-filled devices, such as transformers, comprising a circuit containing the electrical device, in which a fluid-conveying conveying unit and a mixing device are arranged, in which a top stream flows with a the circuit can be mixed with fluid via a line connected distillation device.
  • PCBs have been used as an insulating and dielectric fluid for electrical devices such as transformers. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, however, PCBs were found to be environmentally hazardous, so that further use was avoided. However, since a large number of electrical devices that were filled with PCBs were already in operation at the time, options had to be found on the one hand to dispose of the cooling liquids present in the devices and on the other hand to free the devices themselves from PCBs. In order to be able to designate corresponding devices previously filled with PCBs as PCB-free, according to the legal provisions of some countries, it is necessary that the newly filled or cleaned fluid after the reclassification has a PCB content of less after 6 months contains than 50 mg / kg. In order to achieve this, complex procedural measures and devices are known which generally make it necessary for the electrical device itself to be out of operation during the cleaning or reclassification process. It is also often necessary for monitoring to take place during cleaning itself.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop a method and a device of the type described at the outset so that, with a compact structure, reliable decontamination or reclassification of electrical devices is possible, the electrical device itself continuing during the cleaning process can be operated. It should also not be necessary for the electrical device and the device itself to be continuously monitored during cleaning. Finally, it should be ensured that foaming or delay in boiling of the fluid is prevented and possible decomposition of PCB and, for example, perchlorethylene by local overheating is avoided.
  • the task is procedurally inter alia solved in that fluid in the bottom region of an evaporator is supplied to the distilling device and in that the fluid in the evaporator flows through an outer annular space and an inner space, the fluid in the annular space being heated and at least partially evaporated.
  • the fluid within the evaporator of the distillation device is subjected to a circulatory flow in which heating takes place exclusively in the relatively narrow outer annular space.
  • trouble-free separation of steam and liquid in the overflow zone from the annular space to the interior can take place without the undesired burst-like effervescence occurring.
  • the heating is preferably carried out peripherally in the annular space, the required heating can also take place on the inner boundary or by heating elements extending within the annular space.
  • the annular space is thermally insulated from the inner space.
  • the fluid due to the force of gravity, is supplied to the evaporator or the mixing device from the electrical device, with top stream, fluid circulated and false air being conveyed via the mixing device from the conveying unit arranged in the return of the circuit to the electrical device.
  • the object is achieved in that the distillation device has an evaporator which peripherally contains an annular space through which the fluid can flow, to which an inner space of the evaporator through which the fluid can flow coaxially, and in that the annular space is assigned a heater. which preferably surrounds the annular space on the circumference.
  • the annular space or channel is preferably delimited by a displacer body arranged coaxially in the evaporator, which is preferably designed as a hollow cylinder which is spaced apart from the outer wall of the evaporator.
  • the inner space surrounded by the hollow cylinder then forms the inner space of the evaporator through which the fluid can flow and which is thermally insulated from the annular space via the displacer body.
  • the interior is flared at the top.
  • the end wall of the displacement body is beveled.
  • the displacer On the bottom side, the displacer also has a beveled edge that points outwards.
  • the fluid itself is led into the bottom area of the evaporator via a line starting from the circuit.
  • the base can have a connection piece in which the line leading to the circuit and on the other hand a connecting line leads to a tank in which substances drawn off from the bottom of the evaporator are taken up.
  • a rectification column can be emitted, which has a heat sink on the head side, from which cooling fingers extend into the rectification column.
  • the cooling fins having cooling fins is dimensioned so that the required amount of condensate for the required return is produced on the inner cooling fingers.
  • the proposal according to the invention makes a conventional condenser with a regulated return divider unnecessary and a cooling water connection is not necessary.
  • Another proposal of the invention provides that in the rectification column another line emanating from the circuit opens, which is connected in parallel to the line leading to the bottom of the evaporator and flows via the fluids to the rectifier via an evaporator device arranged in the line.
  • the circuit in front of the mixing device can have a siphon effect, the line section which can be subjected to atmospheric pressure or the pressure prevailing in the electrical device above the liquid level.
  • the circuit in front of the mixing device has a section running above it, which in turn has atmospheric pressure or that in the electrical device pressure above the liquid level can be applied.
  • FIG. 1 shows a process flow diagram of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention for cleaning an electrical device
  • FIG. 2 shows a process flow diagram of a second embodiment of a device for cleaning an electrical device, in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an evaporator
  • Fig. 4 shows a section of a rectification column.
  • the liquid present in the transformer (10) is first drained off and then filled with a solvent such as Trans Clene ® , which contains perchlorethylene as the main constituent.
  • a solvent such as Trans Clene ® , which contains perchlorethylene as the main constituent.
  • the liquid level in the transformer (10) is indicated by the wavy line (12).
  • a circuit (14) consisting of line sections described in more detail below starts from the bottom area of the transfiatriatore (10). Rich of the transformer (10) opens above the liquid level (12).
  • the liquid level present in the expansion vessel would determine the liquid level.
  • the circuit (14) comprises a first line section (16) which merges into a line section (18), the connection point (20) of which lies below the liquid level (12).
  • the section (18) leads to a mixer or mixer-condensing device (22), from which a line section (24) extends, which is connected to a delivery unit in the form of preferably a sliding vane pump (26), from which a line section (28 ) goes out, by which the circuit (14) is closed.
  • a mixer or mixer-condensing device 22
  • a line section (24) extends, which is connected to a delivery unit in the form of preferably a sliding vane pump (26), from which a line section (28 ) goes out, by which the circuit (14) is closed.
  • lines (30) and (32) emanate from the line section (18) of the circuit (14) and open into a distillation device (34).
  • the line (32) leads into the bottom (36), i.e. the bottom of an evaporator (60) of the distillation device (34), and the line (30) opens into the top area of a rectification column or a rectifier (38), i.e. a distillation. column of the distillation device (34).
  • the fluid to be cleaned due to gravity, the solvent reaches the bottom area (36) of the evaporator (60) surrounded by a jacket heater (39) via the line (32). Due to gravity, fluid also reaches a type of evaporator (40) via line (30), through which the fluid is conveyed into the rectifier (38).
  • This evaporator (40) has a technical effect, as z. B. is known from coffee machines, that is, liquid is evaporated and thereby liquid is conditionally raised via a riser pipe (line section (42)) to the rectifier (38).
  • a riser pipe (46) extends from the mixer-condenser device (22) and is connected via a line section (48) to the transformer (10) above the liquid level (12), that is to say it is kept depressurized.
  • a line section (50) is also connected to the area above the liquid level (12) of the transformer (10), starting from the connection point (20) of the line sections (16) and (18) of the circuit (14), and thus as a siphon -Breaker to work.
  • the bottom region (36) of the evaporator of the distillation device (34) is connected via lines (52) and (54) to a collecting tank (56), from which concentrate collected in the evaporator (60) is taken up.
  • At least the pump (26), the mixer-condenser device (22) and the distillation device (34) are arranged in a common housing, which has dimensions that make it possible to open a room to be transported, so that consequently existing electrical devices such as transformers can also be cleaned inside the building.
  • the collecting tank (56) can of course also be arranged in the housing.
  • the mixer-condenser (22) can be a simple mixing tube.
  • the liquid level in the riser (46) is indicated by a wavy line (58).
  • the level in the evaporator (60), in which the PCB concentrate accumulates in the bottom area (36), is activated when the pipeline (44) is exposed to steam (operating state) due to the altitude of the level (58) above the steam inlet ( 64) in the mixer-condenser (22) and the dynamic pressure loss via the rectification column (38) and the steam line (44). Consequently, the liquid level (62) in the evaporator (60) is below the level of the liquid level (58).
  • distillation device (34) is equipped with a special evaporator (68) and a cooling head or cooling body (70) on the rectification column (38).
  • a displacer (72) is arranged in the evaporator (68), specifically in the bottom area thereof, i.e. the sump (36), which has an annular space or channel (74) on the outside and an interior (76 ) of the evaporator (68) limited.
  • the cross-sectional areas of behave Inner space (76) to annular channel (74) approximately as 0.6: 1 to 8: 1, preferably 0.8: 1 to 1.2: 1.
  • the displacement body (72) in the form of a hollow cylinder is preferably a double-jacketed cylinder with obliquely running end walls (80) and (82).
  • the end walls (80) and (82) run upwards in the same direction, as a result of which the upper inlet opening to the interior (76) is flared. Fluid flowing from the interior (76) to the annular channel (74) is guided on the bottom side by the obliquely running edge (82).
  • the displacement body (72) thermally insulates the annular space (74) from the inner space (76).
  • the heat transfer coefficient W of the displacer (72) is preferably W ⁇ 10 watts / m "" ° K.
  • the evaporator (68) In the area of the displacer body (72), the evaporator (68) is surrounded by the jacket heater (39), which extends to below the displacer body (72).
  • the fluid entering the evaporator (68) is fed via a connection piece (84) to the bottom (36) of the evaporator (68) in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • the connecting piece (84) can be designed as a T-piece, from which the lines (32) and (52) originate.
  • the rectifier column (38) adjoins the evaporator (68) at the head end, that is to say from the dome, which column is designed as a multi-stage separation column and can have, for example, 5 theoretical plates.
  • a heat sink (70) is arranged on the head side of the rectification column (38) and consists of a metal and aluminum block having a plurality of cooling fins (82), from which cooling fingers (86) extend, which are located in the interior of the rectification column (38) extend.
  • the cooling fins (82) of the block (84), which enable heat exchange with the ambient air, are dimensioned such that the required amount of condensate for the return in the rectification column (38) is obtained via the cooling fingers (86).
  • conventional condensers with a regulated return divider and cooling water flow can be dispensed with. It is also not necessary that fluid is supplied to the rectification column (38) via a line corresponding to the line (42) according to FIG. 1.
  • the pipe sockets not shown in FIG. 4 are connections for a standpipe that is used for control purposes.
  • a connecting piece for a standpipe is drawn on the evaporator (68) on the right side above the displacer (72).
  • a throttle valve (88) is arranged in the line (18), through which the fluid flowing to the mixing device (22) is adjusted in such a way that the volume flowing through is smaller than that of the pump ( 26) is the volume promoted per unit of time.
  • a liquid level (58) is set in the horizontal section (90) of the mixer device (22), which is below the connection of the line (46), so that false air can be drawn in through this. In this way, the static pressure in the rectification column (38) and in the evaporator (68) is reduced.
  • a check valve (92) is arranged in the line (32), that is to say in the inlet to the evaporator (68), specifically in a high line section, such as a loop, in order to rule out dirt deposits.
  • the formation of the line loop has the additional advantage that a flow resistance is built up in the feed line (32), which also ensures stable conditions within the evaporator (68).
  • the device shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 for cleaning fluid drawn off from the transformer (10) basically works in accordance with that of FIG. 1, but by designing the evaporator (68) it is ensured that foaming in the evaporator ( 68) existing liquid is avoided and good heat transfer to the liquid takes place, so that local overheating and a possible partial decomposition of perchlorethylene and PCB are avoided.
  • the evaporator chamber is divided into the outer annular channel (74), which is heated, and the interior (76) surrounded by the displacer (72), in which heating does not take place (the ⁇ nosiphon effect).
  • the condensing device (70) arranged in the head region of the rectifying column (38) also ensures that condensate backflow through the rectifying column (38) takes place with structurally simple measures.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé et un dispositif permettent de nettoyer des appareils électriques (10), tels que des transformateurs, remplis d'un fluide et contaminés notamment avec du biphénylène surchloré. Le dispositif comprend un circuit (14) d'écoulement du fluide, un distillateur (34) qui nettoie le fluide, un mélangeur (22), dans lequel un courant de tête en provenance du distillateur est mélangé avec le fluide circulant dans le circuit d'écoulement et retournant vers le dispositif électrique, et une pompe de circulation (26) situé dans le circuit d'écoulement. Afin d'obtenir une décontamination ou une reclassification fiable avec un dispositif à structure compacte, le fluide à nettoyer est amené au distillateur (34) dans le fond ou près du fond d'un évaporateur (68) et s'écoule dans l'évaporateur à travers un espace annulaire extérieur et à travers un espace intérieur séparé de l'espace annulaire extérieur,le fluide étant chauffé et au moins partiellement évaporé dans ledit espace annulaire.
EP93915932A 1992-07-17 1993-07-16 Procede et dispositif de nettoyage d'appareils electriques contamines avec du biphenylene surchlore Withdrawn EP0649328A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9209587U DE9209587U1 (de) 1992-07-17 1992-07-17 Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von mit PCB kontaminierten elektrischen Geräten
DE9209587U 1992-07-17
PCT/EP1993/001873 WO1994002209A1 (fr) 1992-07-17 1993-07-16 Procede et dispositif de nettoyage d'appareils electriques contamines avec du biphenylene surchlore

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0649328A1 true EP0649328A1 (fr) 1995-04-26

Family

ID=6881705

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93915932A Withdrawn EP0649328A1 (fr) 1992-07-17 1993-07-16 Procede et dispositif de nettoyage d'appareils electriques contamines avec du biphenylene surchlore

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0649328A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU4569893A (fr)
DE (1) DE9209587U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994002209A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1034586B (de) * 1952-09-13 1958-07-24 Baelz & Sohn K G W Regelanordnung zur Aufrechterhaltung einer bestimmten Fluessigkeitshoehe im Sumpf einer Trennkolonne
US4230536A (en) * 1979-02-05 1980-10-28 Sech Charles E Method for the distillation purification of organic heat transfer fluids
DE3401866C2 (de) * 1984-01-20 1986-10-09 Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Verfahren zur Langzeitentfernung von chlorierten Biphenylen (PCB) aus Transformatorisolierflüssigkeiten
DE3540291C2 (de) * 1985-11-13 1994-11-24 Ensr Corp Verfahren zum Entfernen von Polychlorbiphenylen von elektrischen Vorrichtungen
JPH02501342A (ja) * 1986-08-01 1990-05-10 イーエヌエスアール、コーポレーション Ｐｃｂで汚染された電気機器を再分類するための方法および装置
US4857150A (en) * 1988-06-22 1989-08-15 Union Carbide Corporation Silicone oil recovery

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9402209A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1994002209A1 (fr) 1994-02-03
AU4569893A (en) 1994-02-14
DE9209587U1 (de) 1993-11-18

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