EP0647111B1 - Construction de tapis - Google Patents
Construction de tapis Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0647111B1 EP0647111B1 EP93915588A EP93915588A EP0647111B1 EP 0647111 B1 EP0647111 B1 EP 0647111B1 EP 93915588 A EP93915588 A EP 93915588A EP 93915588 A EP93915588 A EP 93915588A EP 0647111 B1 EP0647111 B1 EP 0647111B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carpet
- foam
- covering
- layer
- fabric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G27/00—Floor fabrics; Fastenings therefor
- A47G27/04—Carpet fasteners; Carpet-expanding devices ; Laying carpeting; Tools therefor
- A47G27/0437—Laying carpeting, e.g. wall-to-wall carpeting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G27/00—Floor fabrics; Fastenings therefor
- A47G27/04—Carpet fasteners; Carpet-expanding devices ; Laying carpeting; Tools therefor
- A47G27/0437—Laying carpeting, e.g. wall-to-wall carpeting
- A47G27/0468—Underlays; Undercarpets
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
- D06N7/0063—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
- D06N7/0071—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing
- D06N7/0081—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing with at least one extra fibrous layer at the backing, e.g. stabilizing fibrous layer, fibrous secondary backing
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2205/00—Condition, form or state of the materials
- D06N2205/04—Foam
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
- D06N2209/16—Properties of the materials having other properties
- D06N2209/1628—Dimensional stability
Definitions
- This invention relates to a new carpet construction and particularly to a carpet for use with a hook and loop installation device.
- a carpet is manufactured with an undersurface substantially covered with loops, and this carpet is installed with a complementary tape containing hooks which are temporarily covered.
- the tapes are put in place on the floor and along the edges at intervals corresponding to the width of the carpet or wherever additional affixation to the floor is required.
- the tapes are covered so that they do not pre-maturely attach to the loops when the carpet is put in place, cut and fitted. The tape covering is then pulled off to expose the hooks and to adhere the carpet to the floor.
- This earlier patent also discloses the possibility of incorporating a foam layer between the primary layer containing the carpet tufts and the underlying looped backing.
- the earlier patent US-A-4 822 658 shows a carpet with a foam interposed layer.
- In-line lamination can work to achieve a carpet construction as shown in US-A-4 822 658.
- the bottom loop layer is laminated onto the foam while the foam is formed onto the layer so that the foam cures on the back of the carpet resulting in attachment of the underloop layer to the top tufted layer of the carpet.
- a principle drawback of such an arrangement is that the unfinished carpet has to be brought to a foamer so that the lamination can be done on a foaming line or, alternatively, the carpet manufacturer has to invest in foaming machinery for his factory.
- Some carpet does have a backing such as an "action backing" of polypropylene or jute over the back of the carpet. Affixing the foam directly to such backing could reduce the stress on the foam but attempts to achieve this have caused delamination problems between the foam and the action backing.
- the present invention attempts to create an improved carpet construction containing an interposed layer of foam and a loop backing.
- foam layer with a fabric covering on both sides of this layer (the bottom covering having loops) and then subsequently affixing this foam sandwich to a carpet backing using conventional methods.
- the foam sandwich can be secured to the carpet pile layer at the same time and with the same material that binds and seals the carpet pile layer, i.e. "in line” or the foam sandwich can be made, stored and attached in a subsequent step to the carpet which had previously been pre-coated with a binder.
- This improvement can enable carpet containing a loop backing to be manufactured with existing machinery so that a pre-existing, earlier manufactured foam layer can be attached by a binder or adhesive to the back of a carpet by the use of currently available conventional carpet machinery.
- a fabric covering placed on both sides of a pre-manufactured foam layer also can increase the dimensional stability of the foam to allow lower density foam to be used and can also allow, in a preferred embodiment, the use of foam not formed in-line, such as slab foam.
- Fabric is preferable to a chemical or polymer covering because it can impart dimensional stability to the foam while at the same time providing some flexibility and protection to the foam from ripping and breaking.
- the upper surface fabric covering is a fabric which can have a rough outer surface, such as a hairy or loopy fabric, with upstanding threads, which will improve adhesion to the carpet backing.
- the fabric covering can be placed on the foam using conventional methods, it is desirable, in the preferred embodiment, to place the covering on the surface of the foam after the foam has formed. This prevents infiltration of the foam into the fabric covering, which is usually not desirable, particularly with respect to the lower covering of the foam layer which has the loops needed to attach the carpet to the floor.
- the present invention in one aspect consists of a laminated carpet for attachment to a floor without a separate underpad comprising (i) a primary layer having pile elements substantially covering a first side of the primary layer, (ii) a foam layer having a first fabric covering on an upper surface of such layer and a second covering having exposed loops on a lower surface of such layer, (iii) means for securing the first and second covering to the foam layer, and (iv) means for securing the upper surface of the first covering of the foam layer to the primary layer so that the pile elements and the loops are exposed on abutting faces of the carpet.
- the invention consists of a carpet comprising a primary layer having pile elements tufted into and through such layer and substantially covering a first side of the primary layer, a foam layer having a first fabric covering exposing threads outstanding from the upper surface of such layer and a second fabric covering exposing loops on the lower surface of such layer, and adhesive means for securing the first fabric covering of the foam layer to the primary layer so that the outstanding threads of the upper surface of the first covering and the tufts extending through the primary layer are sealed together, and so that the pile elements and the loops of the lower surface of the foam layer are exposed on abutting faces of the carpet lamination.
- figure 1 shows a conventional carpet backing 1 of polypropylene or other conventional material forming a primary layer containing yarn 3 needled through the backing to form tufted bundles 5.
- a foam layer 7 is shown.
- foam layer can be made by any conventional means such as by chemically blown, frothed or pre-manufactured slab or any other means that would produce the necessary resilience, shear strength and tensile strength.
- a loopy woven or non-woven fabric covering 9 and 11 is affixed to the foam, after the foam is made, by using adhesives, flame lamination or ultrasound or any other method which produces a satisfactory peel-delamination strength without undue infiltration into the loop fabric covering, thus maintaining a high degree of flexibility.
- the covering on the foam while the foam is being formed or setting up.
- the benefits of gauge control and of non-penetration of the covering will not be equal to a carpet construction in which the foam has formed first, but there will still be advantages derived from the separate covering and manufacture of the foam as previously described.
- the infiltration which can occur may also destroy or impede all or some of the loops from performing their function as was intended, due to loss of directional movement. Further, this method of in-line lamination reduces the ability to lower the weight of the loop fabric by opening the gauge. Opening the gauge to reduce the weight of the loop fabric can cause further penetration of liquid foam which could cause "bleeding" of the liquid foam to the other side of the loop fabric thus eliminating the use of some or all of the loops.
- loop layer maintain its ability to stretch in length and width.
- a more open gage and less penetration of the foam into the loop layer can allow the loop layer to give. This can allow completed carpet product with its attached interposed foam pad to be rolled more easily and be more flexible.
- the in-line method of depositing foam while attaching it to the carpet yarn backing does not produce the most efficient form of foam gauge control. Since the in-line lamination requires the manufacturing of the foam at the same time as its attachment to the back of the carpet, it is difficult to control the exact gauge or height of the foam during this process.
- the loop fabric 11 is a locked loop by which is meant that the loops are firmly set into the loop backing either by the adhesive used to attach the covering to the foam, the form of loopy material that is used, or (in the non-preferred embodiment) by the infiltration of the foam into the fabric.
- a knit is ideal, especially a warp or tricot knit, for having the proper degree of locked loop in the fabric.
- Such a warp or tricot knit is preferably used for both loop layers, however a woven or other material may also be used.
- fabric means any woven, non-woven, pressed material of natural or artificial fibres.
- the loop layers 9 and 11 do not need to be of the same material or strength.
- the loop layer 9 is less critical and preferably has loops or upstanding threads to assist adhesion to the backing 5.
- Many coverings would be suitable if they have the desired strength, flexibility and ability to adhere to the foam.
- the upper loop covering 9 is preferably a knit or other "locked loop” material but it could also be a fabric which has upstanding threads rather than loops such as many needle punched materials or felt or other kinds of loopy fabric in which the loops are not firmly locked in place. It is thought that the upstanding threads fill in the carpet primary layer and assist in adhesion of the foam layer to the carpet primary layer. Normally the carpet will have a "backing" of polypropylene but the invention would work equally well with a carpet without a distinct backing in which the warp and weft of the carpet forms the primary layer.
- the foam material can be transported and stored, after it is covered on both sides with a loopy fabric, in an easier way than with uncovered foam. Uncovered foam rips, tears and soils easily and is not as suitable for handling, transportation and storage.
- the loop covering on both sides of the foam gives the foam greatly increased sheer and tensile strength while retaining and possibly even improving the foam's natural resilience.
- the preferred construction uses slab foam because gauge or thickness control is easier with slab foam than with other methods of foam manufacture.
- Figure 2 shows the carpet with the foam installed on a carpet backing.
- the foam can be installed using conventional techniques by the use of any binder or adhesive 13. If a loopy fabric is used it is preferable if the adhesive infiltrates and seals the loop material 9 and the carpet tufts 5 together.
- This adhesive can be applied using conventional carpet machinery in either a one pass system in which the binder being used does both the job of encapsulation, tuft-bind and secondary backing lamination of the pre-manufactured covered foam layer, or in an end of line or post-laminate off-line system whereby a conventional primary backing with yarn needled through is backed using a light coat (e.g. "kiss-coat") of adhesive binder to laminate the pre-manufactured slab foam sandwich.
- a light coat e.g. "kiss-coat”
- the carpet can be manufactured as tiles or in rolls for wall-to-wall installation.
- the invention finds its greatest benefit in wall-to-wall installation where the dimensional stability of long runs of carpet and the difficulties of installation are more significant problems.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Carpets (AREA)
- Passenger Equipment (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Claims (20)
- Tapis stratifié à fixer à un sol, sans un coussin inférieur séparé, le tapis comprenant une couche primaire (1) comportant des éléments de poils (3) recouvrant sensiblement un premier côté de la couche primaire et des boucles (11) sur une surface inférieure, les éléments de poils et les boucles étant à découvert sur des faces opposées du tapis, caractérisé en ce que le tapis comprend :(i) une couche de mousse (7) présentant un premier recouvrement de produit textile manufacturé (9) sur une surface supérieure de la couche et un deuxième recouvrement de produit textile manufacturé (11) comportant, sur une surface inférieure de la couche, les boucles mises à découvert,(ii) des moyens pour fixer les premier et deuxième recouvrements à la couche de mousse (7), et(iii) des moyens (13) pour fixer la surface supérieure du premier recouvrement de la couche de mousse à la couche primaire.
- Tapis suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les boucles mises à découvert (11) recouvrent sensiblement la surface inférieure de la couche de mousse (7).
- Tapis suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les boucles mises à découvert du deuxième recouvrement sont bloquées dans le produit textile manufacturé du recouvrement.
- Tapis suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième recouvrement est un produit manufacturé tricoté.
- Tapis suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième recouvrement est un produit textile manufacturé tissé.
- Tapis suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le premier recouvrement (9) est un produit textile manufacturé avec des fils dressés mis à découvert.
- Tapis suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le premier recouvrement (9) est fixé à la couche primaire (1) au moyen d'un adhésif revêtu sensiblement le long de la totalité de la surface du second côté de la couche primaire et infiltré dans les fils dressés du premier recouvrement (9).
- Tapis suivant la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les fils dressée du premier recouvrement (9) sont des boucles bloquées dans le produit textile manufacturé du recouvrement.
- Tapis suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les boucles du deuxième recouvrement (11) sont bloquées dans la couche de mousse (7) pendant le durcissage de la mousse.
- Tapis suivant la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le premier recouvrement (9) comporte des boucles mises à découvert qui font saillie vers le haut à partir de sa surface supérieure et en ce que ces boucles sont liées au recouvrement et bloquées par la couche de mousse (7) pendant le durcissage de la mousse.
- Tapis suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le tapis est produit avec une section transversale sensiblement uniforme de façon qu'il puisse être coupé et ajusté en place sous la forme de tapis de paroi à paroi.
- Tapis suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les recouvrements de produit textile manufacturé (9, 11) sont fixés à la surface de la mousse (7) sans pénétration sensible de la mousse dans le produit textile manufacturé.
- Tapis suivant la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la couche de mousse (7) est une mousse en plaque préfabriquée.
- Tapis suivant l'une des revendications 12 et 13, caractérisé en ce que la couche de mousse (7) est chimiquement soufflée.
- Tapis stratifié pour fixer à un sol, le tapis comprenant une couche primaire (1) comportant des éléments de poils (3) tuftés dans et à travers cette couche et recouvrant sensiblement un premier côté de la couche primaire, et une surface inférieure comportant des boucles mises à découvert (11) sur une face du tapis opposée à celle du premier côté, caractérisé en ce que le tapis comprend :(i) une couche de mousse (7) présentant un premier recouvrement de produit textile manufacturé (9) comportant des fils mis à découvert faisant saillie à partir de la surface supérieure de cette couche et un deuxième recouvrement de produit textile manufacturé présentant, sur la surface inférieure de cette couche, les boucles mises à découvert, et(ii) des moyens adhésifs (13) pour fixer le premier recouvrement de produit textile manufacturé de la couche de mousse à la couche primaire de façon que les fils mis à découvert de la surface supérieure du premier recouvrement et les touffes s'étendant à travers la couche primaire soient scellés ensembles.
- Tapis suivant la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les boucles (11) sont bloquées dans le produit textile manufacturé du deuxième recouvrement.
- Tapis suivant la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième recouvrement est amené à adhérer à la surface de la couche de mousse (7) sans pénétration substantielle de mousse dans le deuxième recouvrement.
- Tapis suivant l'une des revendications 16 et 17 caractérisé en ce que le premier recouvrement (9) est amené à adhérer à la surface de la couche de mousse (7) sans pénétration substantielle de mousse dans le premier recouvrement.
- Procédé de fabrication d'un tapis stratifié comprenant les étapes :(i) de fabrication d'un sandwich à base de mousse comportant une couche de mousse (7) au milieu et deux recouvrements de produit textile manufacturé externes (9, 11) dont au moins un des recouvrements comporte des boucles sur sensiblement la totalité de sa surface(ii) de fabrication d'une couche de poils de tapis, comportant des poils de tapis mis à découvert (3) sur une surface,(iii) de fixation du sandwich à base de mousse à la couche de poils de façon que les poils de tapis et les boucles soient mis à découvert sur des faces opposées du tapis.
- Procédé suivant la revendication 19, comprenant l'étape additionnelle de durcissage préalable de la mousse (7) avant de fixer les recouvrements de façon à empêcher une pénétration substantielle de la mousse dans les recouvrements de produit textile manufacturé.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US90694192A | 1992-06-30 | 1992-06-30 | |
US906941 | 1992-06-30 | ||
PCT/CA1993/000275 WO1994000043A1 (fr) | 1992-06-30 | 1993-06-30 | Construction de tapis |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0647111A1 EP0647111A1 (fr) | 1995-04-12 |
EP0647111B1 true EP0647111B1 (fr) | 1997-09-03 |
Family
ID=25423267
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93915588A Expired - Lifetime EP0647111B1 (fr) | 1992-06-30 | 1993-06-30 | Construction de tapis |
Country Status (19)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0647111B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP3307643B2 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE157521T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU665664B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9306624A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2136210C (fr) |
CZ (1) | CZ284062B6 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69313637T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0647111T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2108288T3 (fr) |
GR (1) | GR3025562T3 (fr) |
HK (1) | HK1002820A1 (fr) |
HU (1) | HU218066B (fr) |
NZ (1) | NZ254033A (fr) |
PL (1) | PL170948B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2104874C1 (fr) |
SK (1) | SK161694A3 (fr) |
TW (1) | TW392585U (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1994000043A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6063473A (en) * | 1993-02-26 | 2000-05-16 | Xymid L.L.C. | Abrasion-resistant composite sheet |
US5902663A (en) * | 1993-09-01 | 1999-05-11 | Fibertex A/S | Low-stretch and dimension stable floor covering |
WO1996035578A1 (fr) * | 1994-10-28 | 1996-11-14 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Feuille composite resistant a l'abrasion |
US6217974B1 (en) | 1995-06-09 | 2001-04-17 | Tac-Fast Georgia, L.L.C. | Carpet and layered backing for dimensional stability and integrity |
US5654066A (en) * | 1995-06-09 | 1997-08-05 | Pacione; Joseph R. | Carpet and layered backing for dimensional stability and integrity |
EP0860543A3 (fr) * | 1997-02-21 | 2001-06-20 | VORWERK & CO. INTERHOLDING GmbH | Tapis |
CA2205283A1 (fr) * | 1997-05-14 | 1998-11-14 | Tac-Fast Systems Canada Limited | Galon adhesif a crochets pour fixer les joints de tapis |
GB2334439A (en) * | 1998-02-23 | 1999-08-25 | Ykk Europ Ltd | Carpet fixing strip |
CN1298276C (zh) * | 2004-07-14 | 2007-02-07 | 上海巨东静音环保方块地毯有限公司 | 环保软底地毯的制造方法 |
CN1298275C (zh) * | 2004-07-14 | 2007-02-07 | 上海巨东静音环保方块地毯有限公司 | 环保软底地毯的制造方法 |
CN101961201B (zh) * | 2009-12-28 | 2016-01-20 | MindsInSync公司 | 缓冲吸收垫 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1070269B (it) * | 1975-10-21 | 1985-03-29 | Allied Chem | Moduli di tappeto staccabili |
FR2376902A1 (fr) * | 1977-01-07 | 1978-08-04 | Ugine Aciers | Nouvel alliage-mere pour la preparation des alliages de zirconium |
DE3113637A1 (de) * | 1981-04-04 | 1982-10-21 | J.F. Adolff Ag, 7150 Backnang | Bodenbelag-warenbahn sowie verfarhen zu ihrer herstellung und verfarhen zum verlegen derartiger warenbahnen |
US4822658B1 (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1997-06-10 | Joseph R Pacione | Carpet backing and installation system |
-
1993
- 1993-06-30 CA CA002136210A patent/CA2136210C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-06-30 BR BR9306624A patent/BR9306624A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-30 NZ NZ254033A patent/NZ254033A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-30 AT AT93915588T patent/ATE157521T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-30 HU HU9403834A patent/HU218066B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-30 EP EP93915588A patent/EP0647111B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-30 ES ES93915588T patent/ES2108288T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-30 WO PCT/CA1993/000275 patent/WO1994000043A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1993-06-30 JP JP50191694A patent/JP3307643B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-06-30 PL PL93306555A patent/PL170948B1/pl unknown
- 1993-06-30 CZ CZ943328A patent/CZ284062B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-30 DK DK93915588.3T patent/DK0647111T3/da active
- 1993-06-30 AU AU45540/93A patent/AU665664B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-06-30 RU RU94046352A patent/RU2104874C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-30 DE DE69313637T patent/DE69313637T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-11-15 TW TW085211934U patent/TW392585U/zh unknown
-
1994
- 1994-12-30 SK SK1616-94A patent/SK161694A3/sk unknown
-
1997
- 1997-12-02 GR GR970403212T patent/GR3025562T3/el unknown
-
1998
- 1998-02-24 HK HK98101428A patent/HK1002820A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW392585U (en) | 2000-06-01 |
JPH07508436A (ja) | 1995-09-21 |
NZ254033A (en) | 1995-12-21 |
HK1002820A1 (en) | 1998-09-18 |
HUT69534A (en) | 1995-09-28 |
AU665664B2 (en) | 1996-01-11 |
PL170948B1 (pl) | 1997-02-28 |
DE69313637D1 (de) | 1997-10-09 |
HU9403834D0 (en) | 1995-02-28 |
ATE157521T1 (de) | 1997-09-15 |
BR9306624A (pt) | 1998-12-08 |
RU2104874C1 (ru) | 1998-02-20 |
EP0647111A1 (fr) | 1995-04-12 |
WO1994000043A1 (fr) | 1994-01-06 |
CZ284062B6 (cs) | 1998-08-12 |
RU94046352A (ru) | 1996-10-20 |
SK161694A3 (en) | 1995-06-07 |
CA2136210C (fr) | 2001-10-02 |
JP3307643B2 (ja) | 2002-07-24 |
DE69313637T2 (de) | 1998-04-09 |
AU4554093A (en) | 1994-01-24 |
HU218066B (hu) | 2000-05-28 |
CZ332894A3 (en) | 1995-05-17 |
GR3025562T3 (en) | 1998-03-31 |
CA2136210A1 (fr) | 1994-01-06 |
DK0647111T3 (da) | 1997-10-13 |
ES2108288T3 (es) | 1997-12-16 |
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