EP0647111B1 - Teppich-aufbau - Google Patents

Teppich-aufbau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0647111B1
EP0647111B1 EP93915588A EP93915588A EP0647111B1 EP 0647111 B1 EP0647111 B1 EP 0647111B1 EP 93915588 A EP93915588 A EP 93915588A EP 93915588 A EP93915588 A EP 93915588A EP 0647111 B1 EP0647111 B1 EP 0647111B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carpet
foam
covering
layer
fabric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93915588A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0647111A1 (de
Inventor
Joseph R. Pacione
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tac Fast Systems SA
Original Assignee
Tac Fast Systems SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tac Fast Systems SA filed Critical Tac Fast Systems SA
Publication of EP0647111A1 publication Critical patent/EP0647111A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0647111B1 publication Critical patent/EP0647111B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G27/00—Floor fabrics; Fastenings therefor
    • A47G27/04—Carpet fasteners; Carpet-expanding devices ; Laying carpeting; Tools therefor
    • A47G27/0437—Laying carpeting, e.g. wall-to-wall carpeting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G27/00—Floor fabrics; Fastenings therefor
    • A47G27/04—Carpet fasteners; Carpet-expanding devices ; Laying carpeting; Tools therefor
    • A47G27/0437—Laying carpeting, e.g. wall-to-wall carpeting
    • A47G27/0468—Underlays; Undercarpets
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
    • D06N7/0063—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
    • D06N7/0071—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing
    • D06N7/0081—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing with at least one extra fibrous layer at the backing, e.g. stabilizing fibrous layer, fibrous secondary backing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2205/00—Condition, form or state of the materials
    • D06N2205/04—Foam
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
    • D06N2209/16—Properties of the materials having other properties
    • D06N2209/1628—Dimensional stability

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a new carpet construction and particularly to a carpet for use with a hook and loop installation device.
  • a carpet is manufactured with an undersurface substantially covered with loops, and this carpet is installed with a complementary tape containing hooks which are temporarily covered.
  • the tapes are put in place on the floor and along the edges at intervals corresponding to the width of the carpet or wherever additional affixation to the floor is required.
  • the tapes are covered so that they do not pre-maturely attach to the loops when the carpet is put in place, cut and fitted. The tape covering is then pulled off to expose the hooks and to adhere the carpet to the floor.
  • This earlier patent also discloses the possibility of incorporating a foam layer between the primary layer containing the carpet tufts and the underlying looped backing.
  • the earlier patent US-A-4 822 658 shows a carpet with a foam interposed layer.
  • In-line lamination can work to achieve a carpet construction as shown in US-A-4 822 658.
  • the bottom loop layer is laminated onto the foam while the foam is formed onto the layer so that the foam cures on the back of the carpet resulting in attachment of the underloop layer to the top tufted layer of the carpet.
  • a principle drawback of such an arrangement is that the unfinished carpet has to be brought to a foamer so that the lamination can be done on a foaming line or, alternatively, the carpet manufacturer has to invest in foaming machinery for his factory.
  • Some carpet does have a backing such as an "action backing" of polypropylene or jute over the back of the carpet. Affixing the foam directly to such backing could reduce the stress on the foam but attempts to achieve this have caused delamination problems between the foam and the action backing.
  • the present invention attempts to create an improved carpet construction containing an interposed layer of foam and a loop backing.
  • foam layer with a fabric covering on both sides of this layer (the bottom covering having loops) and then subsequently affixing this foam sandwich to a carpet backing using conventional methods.
  • the foam sandwich can be secured to the carpet pile layer at the same time and with the same material that binds and seals the carpet pile layer, i.e. "in line” or the foam sandwich can be made, stored and attached in a subsequent step to the carpet which had previously been pre-coated with a binder.
  • This improvement can enable carpet containing a loop backing to be manufactured with existing machinery so that a pre-existing, earlier manufactured foam layer can be attached by a binder or adhesive to the back of a carpet by the use of currently available conventional carpet machinery.
  • a fabric covering placed on both sides of a pre-manufactured foam layer also can increase the dimensional stability of the foam to allow lower density foam to be used and can also allow, in a preferred embodiment, the use of foam not formed in-line, such as slab foam.
  • Fabric is preferable to a chemical or polymer covering because it can impart dimensional stability to the foam while at the same time providing some flexibility and protection to the foam from ripping and breaking.
  • the upper surface fabric covering is a fabric which can have a rough outer surface, such as a hairy or loopy fabric, with upstanding threads, which will improve adhesion to the carpet backing.
  • the fabric covering can be placed on the foam using conventional methods, it is desirable, in the preferred embodiment, to place the covering on the surface of the foam after the foam has formed. This prevents infiltration of the foam into the fabric covering, which is usually not desirable, particularly with respect to the lower covering of the foam layer which has the loops needed to attach the carpet to the floor.
  • the present invention in one aspect consists of a laminated carpet for attachment to a floor without a separate underpad comprising (i) a primary layer having pile elements substantially covering a first side of the primary layer, (ii) a foam layer having a first fabric covering on an upper surface of such layer and a second covering having exposed loops on a lower surface of such layer, (iii) means for securing the first and second covering to the foam layer, and (iv) means for securing the upper surface of the first covering of the foam layer to the primary layer so that the pile elements and the loops are exposed on abutting faces of the carpet.
  • the invention consists of a carpet comprising a primary layer having pile elements tufted into and through such layer and substantially covering a first side of the primary layer, a foam layer having a first fabric covering exposing threads outstanding from the upper surface of such layer and a second fabric covering exposing loops on the lower surface of such layer, and adhesive means for securing the first fabric covering of the foam layer to the primary layer so that the outstanding threads of the upper surface of the first covering and the tufts extending through the primary layer are sealed together, and so that the pile elements and the loops of the lower surface of the foam layer are exposed on abutting faces of the carpet lamination.
  • figure 1 shows a conventional carpet backing 1 of polypropylene or other conventional material forming a primary layer containing yarn 3 needled through the backing to form tufted bundles 5.
  • a foam layer 7 is shown.
  • foam layer can be made by any conventional means such as by chemically blown, frothed or pre-manufactured slab or any other means that would produce the necessary resilience, shear strength and tensile strength.
  • a loopy woven or non-woven fabric covering 9 and 11 is affixed to the foam, after the foam is made, by using adhesives, flame lamination or ultrasound or any other method which produces a satisfactory peel-delamination strength without undue infiltration into the loop fabric covering, thus maintaining a high degree of flexibility.
  • the covering on the foam while the foam is being formed or setting up.
  • the benefits of gauge control and of non-penetration of the covering will not be equal to a carpet construction in which the foam has formed first, but there will still be advantages derived from the separate covering and manufacture of the foam as previously described.
  • the infiltration which can occur may also destroy or impede all or some of the loops from performing their function as was intended, due to loss of directional movement. Further, this method of in-line lamination reduces the ability to lower the weight of the loop fabric by opening the gauge. Opening the gauge to reduce the weight of the loop fabric can cause further penetration of liquid foam which could cause "bleeding" of the liquid foam to the other side of the loop fabric thus eliminating the use of some or all of the loops.
  • loop layer maintain its ability to stretch in length and width.
  • a more open gage and less penetration of the foam into the loop layer can allow the loop layer to give. This can allow completed carpet product with its attached interposed foam pad to be rolled more easily and be more flexible.
  • the in-line method of depositing foam while attaching it to the carpet yarn backing does not produce the most efficient form of foam gauge control. Since the in-line lamination requires the manufacturing of the foam at the same time as its attachment to the back of the carpet, it is difficult to control the exact gauge or height of the foam during this process.
  • the loop fabric 11 is a locked loop by which is meant that the loops are firmly set into the loop backing either by the adhesive used to attach the covering to the foam, the form of loopy material that is used, or (in the non-preferred embodiment) by the infiltration of the foam into the fabric.
  • a knit is ideal, especially a warp or tricot knit, for having the proper degree of locked loop in the fabric.
  • Such a warp or tricot knit is preferably used for both loop layers, however a woven or other material may also be used.
  • fabric means any woven, non-woven, pressed material of natural or artificial fibres.
  • the loop layers 9 and 11 do not need to be of the same material or strength.
  • the loop layer 9 is less critical and preferably has loops or upstanding threads to assist adhesion to the backing 5.
  • Many coverings would be suitable if they have the desired strength, flexibility and ability to adhere to the foam.
  • the upper loop covering 9 is preferably a knit or other "locked loop” material but it could also be a fabric which has upstanding threads rather than loops such as many needle punched materials or felt or other kinds of loopy fabric in which the loops are not firmly locked in place. It is thought that the upstanding threads fill in the carpet primary layer and assist in adhesion of the foam layer to the carpet primary layer. Normally the carpet will have a "backing" of polypropylene but the invention would work equally well with a carpet without a distinct backing in which the warp and weft of the carpet forms the primary layer.
  • the foam material can be transported and stored, after it is covered on both sides with a loopy fabric, in an easier way than with uncovered foam. Uncovered foam rips, tears and soils easily and is not as suitable for handling, transportation and storage.
  • the loop covering on both sides of the foam gives the foam greatly increased sheer and tensile strength while retaining and possibly even improving the foam's natural resilience.
  • the preferred construction uses slab foam because gauge or thickness control is easier with slab foam than with other methods of foam manufacture.
  • Figure 2 shows the carpet with the foam installed on a carpet backing.
  • the foam can be installed using conventional techniques by the use of any binder or adhesive 13. If a loopy fabric is used it is preferable if the adhesive infiltrates and seals the loop material 9 and the carpet tufts 5 together.
  • This adhesive can be applied using conventional carpet machinery in either a one pass system in which the binder being used does both the job of encapsulation, tuft-bind and secondary backing lamination of the pre-manufactured covered foam layer, or in an end of line or post-laminate off-line system whereby a conventional primary backing with yarn needled through is backed using a light coat (e.g. "kiss-coat") of adhesive binder to laminate the pre-manufactured slab foam sandwich.
  • a light coat e.g. "kiss-coat”
  • the carpet can be manufactured as tiles or in rolls for wall-to-wall installation.
  • the invention finds its greatest benefit in wall-to-wall installation where the dimensional stability of long runs of carpet and the difficulties of installation are more significant problems.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Carpets (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Automatic Embroidering For Embroidered Or Tufted Products (AREA)
  • Passenger Equipment (AREA)

Claims (20)

  1. Schichtteppich zur Befestigung an einem Boden ohne getrennte Unterlage, wobei der Teppich eine Grundschicht (1) mit Florelementen (3), die im wesentlichen eine erste Seite der Grundschicht bedecken, und Schlaufen (11) auf einer unteren Oberfläche aufweist, wobei die Florelemente und Schlaufen auf entgegengesetzten Seiten des Teppichs freiliegen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Teppich aufweist:
    (i) eine Schaumstoffschicht (7) mit einer ersten Textilabdeckung (9) auf einer oberen Oberfläche der Schicht und einer zweiten Textilabdeckung (11) mit den freiliegenden Schlaufen auf einer unteren Oberfläche der Schicht;
    (ii) eine Einrichtung zum Befestigen der ersten und zweiten Abdeckung an der Schaumstoffschicht (7); und
    (iii) eine Einrichtung (13) zum Befestigen der oberen Oberfläche der ersten Abdeckung der Schaumstoffschicht an der Grundschicht.
  2. Teppich nach Anspruch 1, wobei die freiliegenden Schlaufen (11) im wesentlichen die untere Oberfläche der Schaumstoffschicht (7) bedecken.
  3. Teppich nach Anspruch 2, wobei die freiliegenden Schlaufen der zweiten Abdeckung fest in den Stoff der Textilabdeckung greifen.
  4. Teppich nach Anspruch 3, wobei die zweite Abdeckung ein Wirkstoff ist.
  5. Teppich nach Anspruch 3, wobei die zweite Abdeckung ein Webstoff ist.
  6. Teppich nach Anspruch 3, wobei die erste Abdekkung (9) ein Textilerzeugnis mit freiliegenden aufgerichteten Fasern ist.
  7. Teppich nach Anspruch 6, wobei die erste Abdeckung (9) mittels eines Klebstoffs, der im wesentlichen entlang der gesamten Oberfläche der zweiten Seite der Grundschicht aufgetragen und in die aufgerichteten Fasern der ersten Abdeckung (9) eingedrungen ist, an der Grundschicht (1) befestigt ist.
  8. Teppich nach Anspruch 7, wobei die aufgerichteten Fasern der ersten Abdeckung (9) Schlaufen sind, die fest in den Stoff der Textilabdeckung greifen.
  9. Teppich nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Schlaufen der zweiten Abdeckung (11) während des Aushärtens des Schaumstoffs in die Schaumstoffschicht (7) eingebunden werden.
  10. Teppich nach Anspruch 9, wobei die erste Abdeckung (9) freiliegende Schlaufen hat, die von ihrer oberen Oberfläche nach oben vorragen, und derartige Schlaufen während des Aushärtens des Schaumstoffs an der Abdeckung befestigt und von der Schaumstoffschicht (7) eingebunden werden.
  11. Teppich nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Teppich mit einem im wesentlichen gleichmäßigen Querschnitt hergestellt wird, so daß er geschnitten und an Ort und Stelle als Wand-zu-Wand-Teppich verlegt werden kann.
  12. Teppich nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Textilabdeckungen (9, 11) ohne wesentliches Eindringen von Schaumstoff in das Textilerzeugnis an der Oberfläche des Schaumstoffs (7) befestigt werden.
  13. Teppich nach Anspruch 12, wobei die Schaumstoffschicht (7) ein vorgefertigter Plattenschaumstoff ist.
  14. Teppich nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, wobei die Schaumstoffschicht (7) chemisch geblasen wird.
  15. Schichtteppich zur Befestigung an einem Boden, wobei der Teppich aufweist: eine Grundschicht (1) mit Florelementen (3), die in und durch eine derartige Schicht getuftet sind und im wesentlichen eine erste Seite der Grundschicht bedecken, und eine untere Oberfläche mit freiliegenden Schlaufen (11) auf einer zu der ersten Seite entgegengesetzten Seite des Teppichs, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Teppich aufweist;
    (i) eine Schaumstoffschicht (7) mit einer ersten Textilabdeckung (9) mit frei liegenden Fasern, die von der oberen Oberfläche einer derartigen Schicht nach oben stehen, und einer zweiten Textilabdeckung mit freiliegenden Schlaufen auf der unteren Oberfläche einer derartigen Schicht; und
    (ii) eine Klebeeinrichtung (13) zum Befestigen der ersten Textilabdeckung der Schaumstoffschicht an der Grundschicht, so daß die freiliegenden Fasern der oberen Oberfläche der ersten Abdeckung und der sich durch die Grundschicht erstreckende Flor miteinander verbunden werden.
  16. Teppich nach Anspruch 15, wobei die Schlaufen (11) fest in das Textilerzeugnis der zweiten Abdeckung greifen.
  17. Teppich nach Anspruch 16, wobei die zweite Abdeckung ohne wesentliches Eindringen von Schaumstoff in die zweite Abdeckung an der Oberfläche der Schaumstoffschicht (7) haftet.
  18. Teppich nach Anspruch 16 oder 17, wobei die erste Abdeckung (9) ohne wesentliches Eindringen von Schaumstoff in die erste Abdeckung an der Oberfläche der Schaumstoffschicht (7) haftet.
  19. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schichtteppichs, das die folgenden Schritte aufweist:
    (i) Herstellen eines Schaumztoffverbunds mit einer Schaumstoffschicht (7) in der Mitte und zwei äußeren Textil abdeckungen (9, 11), wobei mindestens eine der Abdeckungen im wesentlichen auf ihrer ganzen Oberfläche Schlaufen hat;
    (ii) Herstellen einer Teppichflorschicht mit freiliegendem Teppichflor (3) auf einer Oberfläche;
    (iii) Befestigen des Schaumstoffverbunds an der Florschicht, so daß der Teppichflor und die Schlaufen auf entgegengesetzten Seiten des Teppichs freiliegen.
  20. Verfahren nach Anspruch 19, das den zusätzlichen Schritt aufweist: zuerst Aushärten des Schaumstoffs (7), bevor die Abdeckungen befestigt werden, um wesentliches Eindringen von Schaumstoff in die Textilabdeckungen zu vermeiden.
EP93915588A 1992-06-30 1993-06-30 Teppich-aufbau Expired - Lifetime EP0647111B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US90694192A 1992-06-30 1992-06-30
US906941 1992-06-30
PCT/CA1993/000275 WO1994000043A1 (en) 1992-06-30 1993-06-30 Carpet construction

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0647111A1 EP0647111A1 (de) 1995-04-12
EP0647111B1 true EP0647111B1 (de) 1997-09-03

Family

ID=25423267

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93915588A Expired - Lifetime EP0647111B1 (de) 1992-06-30 1993-06-30 Teppich-aufbau

Country Status (19)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0647111B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3307643B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE157521T1 (de)
AU (1) AU665664B2 (de)
BR (1) BR9306624A (de)
CA (1) CA2136210C (de)
CZ (1) CZ284062B6 (de)
DE (1) DE69313637T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0647111T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2108288T3 (de)
GR (1) GR3025562T3 (de)
HK (1) HK1002820A1 (de)
HU (1) HU218066B (de)
NZ (1) NZ254033A (de)
PL (1) PL170948B1 (de)
RU (1) RU2104874C1 (de)
SK (1) SK161694A3 (de)
TW (1) TW392585U (de)
WO (1) WO1994000043A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6063473A (en) * 1993-02-26 2000-05-16 Xymid L.L.C. Abrasion-resistant composite sheet
US5902663A (en) * 1993-09-01 1999-05-11 Fibertex A/S Low-stretch and dimension stable floor covering
EP0824396A4 (de) * 1994-10-28 1999-05-26 Du Pont Abriebfeste verbundfolie
US6217974B1 (en) 1995-06-09 2001-04-17 Tac-Fast Georgia, L.L.C. Carpet and layered backing for dimensional stability and integrity
US5654066A (en) * 1995-06-09 1997-08-05 Pacione; Joseph R. Carpet and layered backing for dimensional stability and integrity
EP0860543A3 (de) * 1997-02-21 2001-06-20 VORWERK & CO. INTERHOLDING GmbH Teppich
CA2205283A1 (en) * 1997-05-14 1998-11-14 Tac-Fast Systems Canada Limited Hooked tape with adhesive for fastening carpet seams
GB2334439A (en) * 1998-02-23 1999-08-25 Ykk Europ Ltd Carpet fixing strip
CN1298276C (zh) * 2004-07-14 2007-02-07 上海巨东静音环保方块地毯有限公司 环保软底地毯的制造方法
CN1298275C (zh) * 2004-07-14 2007-02-07 上海巨东静音环保方块地毯有限公司 环保软底地毯的制造方法
CN101961201B (zh) * 2009-12-28 2016-01-20 MindsInSync公司 缓冲吸收垫

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1070269B (it) * 1975-10-21 1985-03-29 Allied Chem Moduli di tappeto staccabili
FR2376902A1 (fr) * 1977-01-07 1978-08-04 Ugine Aciers Nouvel alliage-mere pour la preparation des alliages de zirconium
DE3113637A1 (de) * 1981-04-04 1982-10-21 J.F. Adolff Ag, 7150 Backnang Bodenbelag-warenbahn sowie verfarhen zu ihrer herstellung und verfarhen zum verlegen derartiger warenbahnen
US4822658B1 (en) * 1987-12-23 1997-06-10 Joseph R Pacione Carpet backing and installation system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HU9403834D0 (en) 1995-02-28
HU218066B (hu) 2000-05-28
ATE157521T1 (de) 1997-09-15
CA2136210C (en) 2001-10-02
BR9306624A (pt) 1998-12-08
PL170948B1 (pl) 1997-02-28
TW392585U (en) 2000-06-01
AU4554093A (en) 1994-01-24
CA2136210A1 (en) 1994-01-06
DK0647111T3 (da) 1997-10-13
WO1994000043A1 (en) 1994-01-06
JPH07508436A (ja) 1995-09-21
SK161694A3 (en) 1995-06-07
HUT69534A (en) 1995-09-28
JP3307643B2 (ja) 2002-07-24
DE69313637T2 (de) 1998-04-09
DE69313637D1 (de) 1997-10-09
CZ284062B6 (cs) 1998-08-12
GR3025562T3 (en) 1998-03-31
CZ332894A3 (en) 1995-05-17
HK1002820A1 (en) 1998-09-18
EP0647111A1 (de) 1995-04-12
ES2108288T3 (es) 1997-12-16
AU665664B2 (en) 1996-01-11
RU94046352A (ru) 1996-10-20
RU2104874C1 (ru) 1998-02-20
NZ254033A (en) 1995-12-21

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