EP0608691B1 - Procédé pour la production d'énergie à partir de combustibles solides et brûleur mixte pour différents combustibles - Google Patents

Procédé pour la production d'énergie à partir de combustibles solides et brûleur mixte pour différents combustibles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0608691B1
EP0608691B1 EP94100217A EP94100217A EP0608691B1 EP 0608691 B1 EP0608691 B1 EP 0608691B1 EP 94100217 A EP94100217 A EP 94100217A EP 94100217 A EP94100217 A EP 94100217A EP 0608691 B1 EP0608691 B1 EP 0608691B1
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Prior art keywords
burner
mill
boiler
fuel
capacity
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94100217A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0608691A1 (fr
Inventor
Udo Dipl.-Ing. Wolter
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DKM DEUTSCHE KOHLE MARKETING GmbH
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DKM DEUTSCHE KOHLE MARKETING GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K3/02—Pneumatic feeding arrangements, i.e. by air blast
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C1/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for generating energy by burning solid fuels such as hard coal, which are metered and evenly conveyed into a classifier mill and ground there to fineness of dust and then pneumatically transported to the boiler and into the dust burner after discharge via the mill air, the fuel supply being electrical ignited oil or gas flame is turned off after a few seconds. Furthermore, the invention relates to a combination burner with a boiler, which is equipped with both an oil / gas burner and a dust burner, the solid fuel supply as well as the oil / gas supply being automatically electrically controllable and the oil or gas burner being switchable as a function of the solids supply.
  • solid fuels such as hard coal
  • So-called coal dust furnaces are known.
  • the air laden with coal dust is conveyed to the burners by a fan, through which it is blown into the boiler at the top or on the sides.
  • Second air is supplied through special openings or along the burner, so that vortices are as violent as possible.
  • a disadvantage of these known furnaces is that they are cumbersome to regulate and sensitive to the quality of the coal.
  • Another disadvantage is that the fine-grained dust resulting from the combustion of the coal dust remains partially in the boiler, particularly in the case of horizontal tube boilers, so that it constitutes a hindrance.
  • the main problem with such burners is the power control, because such burners operated with pulverized coal cannot easily be reduced in performance.
  • the grinding fineness is reduced with increasing fuel requirements of the furnace and increased with falling fuel requirements, the change in grinding fineness also being set automatically when the load change is complete. With such a procedure, it is not possible to run a burner operation that continuously complies with the legal requirements regarding the incorporation of sulfur. In particular, continuous operation is also not possible because, in particular due to insufficient crushing of the limestone, a load on the flame occurs without the necessary and safe integration of the sulfur being able to be achieved.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, even with the addition of lime, to provide a capacity control which can be continuously adapted to the requirements and with the lowest possible emission of pollutants.
  • the object is achieved in that the solid fuels are ground undried together with limestone to ⁇ 63 ⁇ and transported to the dust burner, that the entire firing capacity of the boiler is regulated by regulating the classifier of the classifier mill, in such a way that at a higher output a lower size reduction and at lower output a higher size reduction while changing the mill throughput is adjusted by regulating the metering conveyor and that the fuel supply to the oil or gas flame is automatically switched on again after the ignition process in the event of malfunctions in the solid fuel area.
  • Such a method enables the operation of such coal dust boilers closely adapted to the needs.
  • a higher size reduction is achieved with a smaller capacity and a smaller size reduction with a higher capacity, whereby the burner capacity is also automatically adjusted, ie reduced or increased.
  • good desulphurization takes place because the high degree of fineness ensures that the sulfur is integrated into the ash to ensure that the flame is formed. It has already been explained above that an integration of the sulfur into the fly ash is possible due to the high fineness of grinding, limestone being crushed at the same time with the coal and thus being introduced into the furnace.
  • the raw product and limestone are crushed together to ⁇ 63 ⁇ .
  • Such fineness of grinding can be achieved with suitable mills, a classifier mill having been found to be particularly expedient here, it being advantageous that the limit of 63 ⁇ can be reliably maintained. Due to this high fineness of grinding, it is possible to generate absorptive reactions of mineral components, which ensure optimal sulfur binding.
  • the classifier integrated in the mill makes it possible to generate only a small proportion of fuel dust of larger diameter, which can be achieved by appropriate design of the mill. Due to the large surface area of the dust generated, the carbon particles dry by detaching the moist components and degassing as they pass through the flame. An active coke is thus generated, which, for. B. SO 2 absorbed.
  • an O 2 concentration which is matched to the respective firing capacity is operated in terms of control technology, as a result of which fluctuating qualities in the solid fuel are compensated for. This also makes it possible to adapt the company to external conditions in this area.
  • a particularly favorable comminution and the reduction in the proportion of the fuel with a larger diameter described above is observed in particular if the raw product and the limestone are crushed, preferably impact-crushed in two stages.
  • This double impact crushing is achieved in that the coal grains first hit the rotating bars of the mills in order to be thrown by them against the wall of the mill, where they are subjected to further crushing will.
  • the combustion output is brought to maximum output, the combustion is operated with approximately twice the excess air, so that the speeds in the convection part become significantly higher than in the design point. In this operating state, the dust deposits are blown away. After a set time, the system switches back to normal control mode and the boiler can be operated properly again.
  • a combi-burner system with a boiler which is equipped with both an oil / gas burner and a dust burner, is used to carry out the method, the solid fuel supply being regulated automatically and the oil or gas burner depending on the Solids supply is switchable.
  • the automatic power control is made possible by the fact that the dust burner is pneumatically connected to a classifier mill with an integrated and adjustable dynamic classifier, that the classifier mill is a strip mill, the total firing capacity of the boiler being regulated by regulating the classifier in such a way that at a higher output a lower size reduction and at a lower output a higher size reduction while changing the mill throughput can be adjusted by regulating the metering conveyor and the solid fuels must be undried and ground together with limestone to ⁇ 63 ⁇ .
  • the appropriate design of the classifier mill with the adjustable dynamic classifier gives the possibility of regulating the fuel supply in such a way that the firing capacity is also regulated.
  • the grinding is varied according to the mill throughput, which is equivalent to the burner output.
  • a high grinding fineness is set and maintained at a low output and a low grinding fineness is maintained at a high output.
  • the classifier mill is designed as a strip mill. The individual grains are thus blown into the classifier mill via the rotating blow-through rotary valve, where the individual grains first hit the bars and are first crushed here. The crushed grains are then thrown against the wall of the mill via the bars, where a further crushing process takes place. Only then is the end product available, which is either discharged through the classifier or returned to the shredding process.
  • the classifier mill is preceded by a metering reservoir, which is placed on a metering conveyor and a blown-cell rotary valve rotating at a constant speed, which in turn is acted upon by a fuel inlet fan.
  • the classifier mill is evenly fed with the appropriate design, because both the fuel and the limestone can be stored in the proportioning tank in the dosing tank.
  • the mixture first falls onto the metering conveyor via the metering container, thereby making a first equalization is reached.
  • the mixture then passes through the metering conveyor into the blow-through rotary valve rotating at the same and constant speed.
  • This blow-through rotary valve is acted upon by a fuel inlet blower, so that the mixture, which has the appropriate grain size, can be blown into the classifier mill via the corresponding compressed air.
  • the classifier mill is additionally charged from below using a mill air blower. This ensures the necessary amount of air for the classifying effect, the shredding process and the dust discharge.
  • the fuel grains are first crushed in the classifier mill and then discharged by the classifier after the crushing effect has been completed and satisfactory. Pneumatic transport takes place via the mill air to the dust burner and from there into the interior of the boiler. Due to the low mill air, a high load is achieved in the fuel inlet of the burner, which in turn allows the already mentioned low NOX emissions to be maintained. In addition, the burner or the firing capacity will be regulated by regulating the classifier or classifier mill.
  • the burner output control has an override control, whereby this override control effectively prevents the maximum permitted combustion output from being exceeded, even with fluctuating fuel quality.
  • this override control effectively prevents the maximum permitted combustion output from being exceeded, even with fluctuating fuel quality.
  • further boiler operation is made possible without the maximum permitted exhaust gas temperature upstream of the fabric filter being exceeded and the firing being switched off.
  • the invention is characterized in that a method and a combination burner are created which enable a largely regulated operation of such a boiler.
  • the undried coal is dosed and fed to the classifier mill, where the fine grinding is carried out.
  • This classifier mill is a bar mill, in which the coal is crushed once by the bars and secondly by the impact on the wall of the mill.
  • the classifier then separates at 63 ⁇ m, whereupon the coarse grain falls back into the mill, while the finer grain is fed to the burner in a targeted manner.
  • the power is regulated via the classifier mill or this is adjusted again according to the supply of coal and air.
  • the boiler (1) shown in FIG. 1 is a horizontal tube boiler in which dust coal is burned.
  • This boiler (1) is a combination boiler, or rather an oil / coal combination burner system. Accordingly, the boiler is equipped with an oil burner (2), a gas burner (3) and a dust burner (4). Oil burners (2) and gas burners (3) are alternatively in operation.
  • the boiler (1) is equipped with a boiler circuit pump (6) via which the water circuit works.
  • the mixing valve (7) and the non-return valve (8) enable targeted operation or supply to the consumer.
  • the combustion air blower (10) supplies the required combustion air, whereby the combustion air can be supplied to the burners (2, 3, 4) in a targeted manner via the distributor (12) and the control flaps (11).
  • oil ignition is used to ignite the dust fire.
  • the oil burner (2) is supplied via the oil pump (14), with the oil filter (15) and the oil control valve (16) and the solenoid valve (17) being able to control the oil burner (2) in a targeted manner.
  • the oil or gas flame is ignited electrically here.
  • the solid fuel i.e. the coal is conveyed to the shredder.
  • the oil or gas supply is switched off and the combustion of combustion dust takes place in a controlled manner.
  • the dust burner (4) switches off automatically and the oil burner (2) is switched on. If the fault is remedied and acknowledged, the dust burner (4) is automatically switched on again and the fuel is supplied via the solid fuel side.
  • the solid fuel side first of all includes the dosing tank (19) in which fuel, ie coal and limestone, are kept. If required, the appropriate substances, ie coal and limestone, are transferred from the metering conveyors (20) which they are conveyed evenly into the blow-through rotary valve (21).
  • the blow-through rotary valve (21) is pneumatically connected to the fuel inlet fan (22) so that the fuel mixture is pneumatically transported through the corresponding line to the classifier mill (24). This is undried fine coal, which can be metered into the classifier mill (24) in this way, where the fine comminution then takes place.
  • the classifier mill (24) is switched so that the fine dust leaving it has a fineness of less than 63 ⁇ m.
  • the discharge is achieved by the mill air blower (23).
  • the classifier mill is a bar mill in which the coal is crushed once by the bars and secondly by impact on the wall of the mill.
  • the classifier ensures the separation at just 63 ⁇ m, whereupon the coarse grain falls back into the classifier mill (24), while the finer grain is fed to the dust burner (4) and thus to the boiler (1).
  • the classifier mill (24) or already through the blow-through rotary valve (21) can be partitioned off from the fuel entry blower (22) by the explosion safety valve (25) and thus secured.
  • the granular raw coal enters at the housing entrance (26), the remaining air from the mill air blower (23) entering the housing of the classifier mill (24) via the housing entrance (27).
  • the dust burner (4) is regulated in such a way that an optimal O 2 concentration is present, so that fluctuating qualities in the solid are balanced. Via the automatic boiler cleaning by temporarily shutting down of the burner and subsequent start-up has already been reported earlier. Otherwise the operation of the boiler (1) corresponds to the usual boiler. However, a temperature sensor (35) is provided at the smoke-side outlet of the boiler, via which a supplementary control of the boiler is possible.
  • the flue gases leaving the boiler (1) leave the boiler and flow through the fabric filter (30).
  • the fine constituents of the dust are separated and taken up at regular intervals by the filter discharge screw (31) and discharged through the rotary valve (32).
  • the classifier mill enables precise output control of the boiler (1). With a lower output, there is a higher size reduction, i.e. thus a greater fineness of the fuel discharged at the sifter discharge (28). With less comminution, a higher output is achieved, so that overall, partial load operation is advantageously also safe.
  • the core is certainly to be seen in the fact that the entire power control is effected via the classifier or the classifier mill (24).
  • coal is processed without drying, because in the classifier mill it is also possible, at least indirectly, to separate the solid from water.
  • the water then takes part in the process in the form of water vapor, so that the risk of dust explosions and deflagration is significantly reduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé pour produire de l'énergie par combustion de matières combustibles solides comme du charbon, qui sont dosées et transportées régulièrement dans un broyeur à séparateur à air (24) et où elles sont broyées en fonction de la finesse de poussière et ensuite après évacuation au travers de l'atmosphère de broyage transportées pneumatiquement vers la chambre de combustion (1) et dans le brûleur de poussières (4), dans lequel l'alimentation en matières combustibles de la flamme de gaz ou d'huile allumée électriquement est interrompue après un démarrage de quelques secondes, caractérisé en ce que les matières combustibles solides non-séchées avec du calcaire sont broyées jusqu'à une dimension inférieure à 63 µ et sont transportées dans le brûleur de poussières (4), en ce que la puissance totale de combustion de la chambre de combustion (1) est réglée par régulation de la séparation d'air du broyeur à séparateur à air (24) et de manière à ce que, en cas d'une puissance plus élevée un broyage plus faible est ajusté et en cas de puissance plus faible un broyage plus important est ajusté, et en ce que l'alimentation en matières combustibles de la flamme de gaz ou d'huile est remise en marche automatiquement après l'arrêt de la réaction d'allumage par perturbation dans la région de matières combustibles solides.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la technique de régulation s'appuie sur la concentration en O2 accordée à la puissance de combustion respective.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les matières solides et le calcaire sont broyés par percussion, de préférence en deux étapes.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la puissance de combustion du brûleur est régulée de façon supplémentaire en fonction de la température de gaz de fumée à la sortie de la chambre de combustion.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que pour le nettoyage de la chambre de combustion, le brûleur est éteint pendant un bref moment jusqu'à la baisse de la température de fonctionnement de la chambre de combustion d'au moins 5° C, pour l'amener ensuite à la puissance maximale, la combustion étant conduite avec environ un excès d'atmosphère doublé.
  6. Système de combustion mixte avec une chambre de combustion, qui est muni aussi bien d'un brûleur à gaz ou à huile (2, 3) que d'un brûleur de poussières (4), dans lequel l'amenée de matières combustibles solides ainsi que l'apport de gaz ou d'huile peut être régulé électriquement et automatiquement, le brûleur de gaz ou d'huile ayant son allumage pouvant être commuté en fonction de l'apport en matières combustibles solides, et le brûleur de poussières (4) est relié pneumatiquement à un broyeur à séparateur à air (24) comprenant un séparateur à air intégré pouvant être réglé, caractérisé en ce que le broyeur à séparateur à air (24) est un broyeur à barettes, la puissance de combustion totale de la chambre de combustion (1) étant régulée par régulation du séparateur d'air et de manière à ce que, en cas de puissance plus élevée un broyage plus faible est ajusté et en cas de puissance plus faible un broyage plus important est ajusté, et dans lequel les matières combustibles solides non séchées sont broyées ensemble avec du calcaire jusqu'à une dimension inférieure à 63 µ·
  7. Brûleur de poussières de charbon selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'un récipient (19) collecteur de dosage est prévu en amont du broyeur à séparateur à air (24), qui est disposé de manière à charger sur un convoyeur de dosage (20) et sur un sas d'alimentation par soufflage à roue cellulaire (21) tournant à vitesse constante qui de son côté peut être alimenté par une soufflerie d'alimentation en matières combustibles (22).
  8. Brûleur de poussières de charbon selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le broyeur à séparateur à air (24) peut être en outre alimenté par dessous par une soufflerie d'air de broyage (23) en atmosphère de convoyage.
  9. Brûleur de poussières de charbon selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de régulation de puissance du brûleur comprend une régulation de surrégime.
EP94100217A 1993-01-29 1994-01-08 Procédé pour la production d'énergie à partir de combustibles solides et brûleur mixte pour différents combustibles Expired - Lifetime EP0608691B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4302430 1993-01-29
DE4302430A DE4302430A1 (de) 1993-01-29 1993-01-29 Verfahren zur Energiegewinnung aus festen Brennstoffen und Kombibrenner

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0608691A1 EP0608691A1 (fr) 1994-08-03
EP0608691B1 true EP0608691B1 (fr) 1997-10-08

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EP94100217A Expired - Lifetime EP0608691B1 (fr) 1993-01-29 1994-01-08 Procédé pour la production d'énergie à partir de combustibles solides et brûleur mixte pour différents combustibles

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0608691B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE159090T1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ11794A3 (fr)
DE (2) DE4302430A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2110636T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL301941A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107854966A (zh) * 2017-11-20 2018-03-30 深圳东方锅炉控制有限公司 一种改善高碱金属煤沾污结焦的方法和系统

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH613761A5 (fr) * 1976-04-16 1979-10-15 Colmant Cuvelier
AU566176B2 (en) * 1982-05-14 1987-10-08 T.A.S. Inc. Pulverized solid fuel burning apparatus
DE3347703A1 (de) * 1983-12-31 1985-07-11 Loesche GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf Vorrichtung und verfahren unter verwendung einer luftstrommuehle zur herstellung einer homogenen mischung aus kohlenstaub und kalkstaub oder dolomitstaub
DE3407185A1 (de) * 1984-02-28 1985-08-29 Deutsche Babcock Werke AG, 4200 Oberhausen Verfahren und vorrichtung zur regelung einer muehle
US4714202A (en) * 1986-02-12 1987-12-22 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Pulverized solid control system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL301941A1 (en) 1994-08-08
EP0608691A1 (fr) 1994-08-03
ES2110636T3 (es) 1998-02-16
DE59404237D1 (de) 1997-11-13
DE4302430A1 (de) 1994-08-04
ATE159090T1 (de) 1997-10-15
CZ11794A3 (en) 1994-08-17

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