EP0596818B1 - Elément de doublis pour couverture de bâtiment - Google Patents
Elément de doublis pour couverture de bâtiment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0596818B1 EP0596818B1 EP93420439A EP93420439A EP0596818B1 EP 0596818 B1 EP0596818 B1 EP 0596818B1 EP 93420439 A EP93420439 A EP 93420439A EP 93420439 A EP93420439 A EP 93420439A EP 0596818 B1 EP0596818 B1 EP 0596818B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- eaves
- row element
- roof
- element according
- profile
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003195 fascia Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003000 extruded plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011431 lime mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
- E04D13/064—Gutters
- E04D13/072—Hanging means
- E04D13/0722—Hanging means extending mainly under the gutter
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/30—Special roof-covering elements, e.g. ridge tiles, gutter tiles, gable tiles, ventilation tiles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
- E04D13/064—Gutters
- E04D13/072—Hanging means
- E04D13/0727—Hanging means situated mainly at the rear side of the gutter
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/10—Snow traps ; Removing snow from roofs; Snow melters
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/17—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for
- E04D13/178—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for on the eaves of the roof
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/30—Special roof-covering elements, e.g. ridge tiles, gutter tiles, gable tiles, ventilation tiles
- E04D2001/301—Special roof-covering elements, e.g. ridge tiles, gutter tiles, gable tiles, ventilation tiles at roof edges, e.g. intersections with walls
- E04D2001/303—Eave tiles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an element of liners for building cover, applying to all types of roofing, in particular in tiles or slates.
- doubling means, in the field technique concerned, the lower row of tiles of a sloping roof, so the row of tiles located at the edge of the cover, substantially plumb with a wall.
- document EP-A-0324047 which forms the basis of the preamble of claim 1, describes an angled profile doubling tile, the lower part forms, relative to the part upper, an obtuse angle turned downwards.
- the part top of this doubling tile is provided for the retainer from the bottom row of ordinary tiles the blanket.
- the part bottom of the doubling tile only serves as part for guiding the flow of water to a gutter.
- This lower part cannot participate in the retaining or supporting elements such as forming tiles the border of the cover, which limits the possibilities of using this doubling tile.
- the present invention aims to remedy these aforementioned drawbacks, by providing an element of doubling, saving considerable time in terms of concerns its installation, therefore a significant saving in labor, while providing better hold of the structure over time, this doubling element being adaptable to all roof slopes and configurations of entablatures, and being improved with regard to retaining and supporting functions of the elements forming the cover border.
- the invention essentially has for object a doubling element for building cover, presenting itself as a prefabricated profiled element, finite or indefinite length and can be arranged in the extension of similar elements, with a part lower whose lower face forms an obtuse angle, i.e.
- doubling elements are installed quickly and accurately, even by staff moderately qualified, in a time that can be around a third or a quarter of the time required to install a traditional doubling.
- the doubling elements according to the invention are easily fixed, by nailing or screwing, directly on the rafters.
- the homogeneous structure of these doubling elements also gives them excellent solidity and great longevity.
- the realization of the doubling element according to the invention in the form of a molded or extruded part allows to obtain, in a particularly economical way, profiles of suitable conformation ensuring as well the main functions of the doubling, namely fixing on the frame and the retention of tiles or slates, that complementary functions making this element of extremely advantageous doubling.
- the underside of the doubling element may have a snap profile, such as shoulder, for hanging the element on a slat or a batten, itself fixed on the rafters.
- the underside of the element can also be smooth to direct attachment to the rafters as already indicated upper. In any case, this underside has two substantially planar parts, forming between they an obtuse angle (turned up in position of use).
- This feature allows adaptation easy doubling element according to the invention in various entablature and roof configurations of different slopes, ensuring if necessary compensation for the angle formed between the sand pit and the outer end of the protruding entablature of the masonry, even the replacement of the chanlatte; there is a difference fundamental between the object of the invention and the known prior achievements posing as simple flat plates.
- the angular profile of the doubling element leads to a realization relatively thick and rigid, suitable for strengthening and protect the first row of tiles or slates retained on this doubling element.
- the upper side of the doubling element can also have a snap profile, such as a other shoulder, for retaining tiles, in particular flat tiles.
- the upper face of the doubling element is relatively smooth and provided for receive means for retaining the cover elements, such as tiles or slates. If it's tiles, we advantageously provides, on the upper face of the element, a notch for setting up and holding slats or battens on which the tiles hang. If it is slate, the upper side of the element advantageously includes markers for the installation of slate retaining hooks in the desired position depending on the gauge.
- the upper part of the doubling element is achievable with a tapered profile.
- a prefabricated gutter support Under the lower part of the doubling element, can be attached a prefabricated gutter support. he is also possible to attach a gutter profile complete under the lower part of the doubling element.
- the gutter support or the profile of gutter is attached to the lower part of the element doubling through a hinge pin, allowing adjustment according to the slope of the roof, means being provided for immobilizing the support or gutter profile in a suitable angular position compared to the rest of the doubling element.
- This doubling element may also include, coming directly from molding, provisions for water flow, for low ventilation of the cover, to stop snow, etc ...
- the integration of multiple functions further increases the interest of the element doublings according to the invention and the savings made by the implementation of such an element.
- FIG. 1 shows a doubling element 1, intended for flat roofing 2 indicated partially in Figure 2.
- the doubling element 1 is presented as a prefabricated profile element, characterized by a profile specific, and having a certain length L.
- This doubling element 1 can be made of plastic extruded or molded such as polyvinyl chloride, in terracotta, wood or any other suitable material.
- the doubling element 1 in FIGS. 1 and 2 has an upper part 3, an upper edge 4 and, on its underside a hanging profile such as a shoulder 5.
- the lower part 6 of the element of doublis 1 forms an obtuse angle A (turned upwards in position of use) in relation to the upper part 3, and it has a decreasing thickness in direction of the lower edge 7 of the element.
- a profile attachment, such as another shoulder 8, is provided on the upper face of element 1, at the junction of its upper 3 and lower 6.
- the upper part 3 of the doubling element 1 is hung by the shoulder 5 on a batten or a batten 9, itself attached to the rafters 10.
- a means of attachment 11, such as a nail or a screw, passes through the part upper 3 of element 1 and fixes it on the batten or battens 9 and / or the rafter 10.
- the lower part 6 of the doubling element 1 rests on the entablature 12 of the masonry 13, stone or cement.
- the penultimate row of flat tiles 2 is hung on the upper edge 4 of the element 1, while that the lower row of tiles 2 is hung on the shoulder 8 of the element 1, and rests on the face upper part 6 of this element 1, extending to its lower edge 7.
- the doubling elements 1, arranged in the extension of each other, here have holes 14 and 15 for their end-to-end assembly by means of pins 16.
- Other holes 17 can be arranged in advance in the upper part 3, for the passage of fixing nails or screws 11.
- the doubling element 1 may also have, at level of its shoulder 8, "V" grooves 18 for water drainage.
- slightly bent profile of the doubling element 1 allows its adaptation whatever either the distance D horizontally separating the end bottom of rafter 10 and the outer edge of the entablature 12 of the masonry 13, and this whatever the slope of the roof.
- FIG. 3 shows another embodiment, in which the doubling element 1 always has a upper part 3 and lower part 6, forming between them an obtuse angle A.
- This doubling element 1 does not has no shoulders: the upper part 3 of element 1 has a tapered profile and has, on its upper face, a notch 19, while its face lower is smooth.
- the smooth underside of element 1 is here directly applied and fixed on the rafters 10, at by means of nails or screws not shown. Notching 19 of the upper face ensures the positioning and holding of slats or battens 9, on which the tiles 2, including those in the bottom row.
- the lower part 6 of the element of doublis 1 rests on entablature 12.
- two doubling elements 1 placed in the extension one of the other can be assembled end to end using a metal clip 20, for example in treated steel.
- FIG. 5 shows, in the assembled position, an element of doublis 1 similar to that of FIGS. 3 and 4, but completed by a support for gutter 21.
- Support 21 appears as a strip of substantially flat material, articulated to the rest of the doubling element 1 around a horizontal axis 22 located a short distance from the edge lower 7 of the element 1.
- the support 21 thus extends vertically, under the lower part 6 of the element 1 and in front of the entablature 12.
- the gutter 23 is fixed directly or through necklaces or hooks, on the support 21.
- the articulation of the support for gutter 21 around axis 22 allows adaptation easy according to the slope of the roof.
- a locking screw 24 is designed to immobilize the support of the gutter 21 relative to the rest of element 1 in the desired relative angular position.
- FIG. 6 shows a variant in which a gutter 25 is incorporated into the lining element 1.
- a strip of material 26, articulated as before in the lower part 6 of element 1, here is extended towards the front by a lower part 27 itself extended upwards by an anterior part 28, so as to constitute a "U" shaped gutter profile.
- the axis articulation 22 allows, as described above in reference to FIG. 5, adaptation to the slope of the roof, a locking screw 24 being here again provided.
- FIG. 7 shows another embodiment, more particularly suitable for slate roofing 29.
- the doubling element 1 has here a less profile angular, while maintaining an obtuse angle A between the underside of its lower part 6 and the face lower part of its upper part 3, this part upper 3 always being tapered and intended to be directly applied and fixed, using nails or screws 11, on the rafters 10.
- the lower edge 7 of the element 1 has a particular "drop of water" profile, shown more specifically in Figure 8.
- metal staples 32 of suitable profile which hang on the "drop of water” from the lower edge 7 of the doubling element 1, and ensure retaining the slates 29 of this row by their edge inferior.
- the element of doublis 1 may include ventilation channels 33, parallel to each other, which extend from the part upper 3 of the element to its lower edge 7.
- Figure 9 shows a doubling element 1 of the same general design as that of FIG. 7, always having an obtuse angle A, and supplemented by a snowstop 34. It is a full or perforated wing, made in one piece with the rest of the element doubled 1 and projecting from its upper face. In in the case of an openwork wing, this may include a lattice 35 filling its openings 36. Although designated like a snow stop, this last provision can also have the tile drop stop function or slate.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
- le matériau constitutif de l'élément de doublis ;
- les dimensions et formes de détail de cet élément, notamment son profil et sa longueur L, du moment que ses fonctions principales sont conservées ;
- les fonctions auxiliaires intégrées à l'élément de doublis, ces fonctions décrites plus haut dans le cas de quelques exemples pouvant être regroupées selon toutes combinaisons (ainsi la ventilation décrite en référence à la figure 7 pourrait être appliquée à la configuration selon les figures précédentes) ;
- les accessoires associés à cet élément de doublis, en particulier les accessoires de raccordement qui peuvent être adaptés pour réunir deux éléments de doublis consécutifs dont les directions forment un angle ;
- la destination de cet élément de doublis, qui s'applique à tous types de couverture, non seulement en tuiles plates ou en ardoises, mais aussi en tuiles de forme différente, ainsi qu'en bardeaux et plaques, de toutes matières, et posées indifféremment sur des chevrons en débord ou en retrait.
Claims (15)
- Elément de doublis pour couverture de bâtiment, se présentant comme un élément profilé (1) préfabriqué, de longueur (L) finie ou indéfinie et pouvant être disposé dans le prolongement d'éléments similaires, avec une partie inférieure (6) dont la face inférieure forme un angle obtus (A), c'est-à-dire un angle compris entre 90° et 180°, par rapport à la face inférieure de sa partie supérieure (3), la face inférieure de l'élément (1) étant prévue pour être appliquée et fixée sur une charpente de toit (9,10) et/ou un entablement (12) et sa face supérieure étant conçue pour la retenue d'au moins une rangée d'éléments de couverture tels que tuiles (2) ou ardoises (29), caractérisé en ce que l'angle obtus (A), formé entre la partie inférieure (6) et la partie supérieure (3) de l'élément de doublis (1), est tourné vers le haut de cet élément de doublis (1) en position d'utilisation, et en ce que la face supérieure de cet élément de doublis (1) est conçue pour la retenue (en 8) d'au moins la dernière rangée d'éléments de couverture, tels que tuiles (2) ou ardoises (29) et/ou, dans sa partie (7) située au niveau de la bordure de la couverture, pour l'appui de l'extrémité desdits éléments de couverture (2,29) qui forme la bordure de la couverture.
- Elément de doublis selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que sa partie supérieure (3) présente un profil effilé.
- Elément de doublis selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il est réalisé sous forme d'élément profilé (1) moulé ou extrudé, en matière plastique telle que polychlorure de vinyle.
- Elément de doublis selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il est associé à des moyens mécaniques, tels que tourillons (16) ou clips (20), pour l'assemblage bout à bout de tels éléments profilés (1).
- Elément de doublis selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que sa face inférieure présente un profil d'accrochage, tel qu'un épaulement (5), pour l'accrochage de l'élément (1) sur une latte ou un liteau (9).
- Elément de doublis selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que sa face inférieure est relativement lisse, pour une fixation directe, par exemple par clouage ou vissage (11), sur des chevrons (10).
- Elément de doublis selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que sa face supérieure présente un profil d'accrochage, tel qu'un épaulement (8), pour la retenue de tuiles, notamment de tuiles plates (2).
- Elément de doublis selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que sa face supérieure est relativement lisse et prévue pour recevoir des moyens de retenue (9,31) des éléments de couverture (2,29), cette face supérieure comportant notamment, selon le cas, un crantage (29) pour la mise en place et la tenue de lattes ou liteaux (9) sur lesquels s'accrochent les tuiles (2), ou des repères (30) pour la pose de crochets (31) de retenue des ardoises (29).
- Elément de doublis selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'un support de gouttière (21) préfabriqué est rattaché sous la partie inférieure (6) de cet élément de doublis (1).
- Elément de doublis selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'un profil de gouttière complet (25 à 28) est rattaché sous la partie inférieure (6) de cet élément de doublis (1).
- Elément de doublis selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que le support de gouttière (21) ou le profil de gouttière (25 à 28) est rattaché sous la partie inférieure (6) de cet élément de doublis (1) par l'intermédiaire d'un axe d'articulation (22), permettant un réglage en fonction de la pente du toit, des moyens (24) étant prévus pour l'immobilisation du support (21) ou profil de gouttière (25 à 28) dans la position angulaire convenable par rapport au restant de l'élément de doublis (1).
- Elément de doublis selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des dispositions pour l'écoulement de l'eau, telles que cannelures (18) et/ou bord inférieur (7) à profil de "goutte d'eau".
- Elément de doublis selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le profil de "goutte d'eau" de son bord inférieur (7) est prévu pour l'accrochage d'agrafes (32) de profil correspondant, assurant la retenue des ardoises (29) de la rangée inférieure dans le cas d'une couverture en ardoises.
- Elément de doublis selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des dispositions, telles que canaux (33) s'étendant depuis la partie supérieure (3) de l'élément (1) jusqu'à son bord inférieur (7), pour la ventilation basse de la couverture.
- Elément de doublis selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un arrêt de neige (24), notamment sous forme d'aile pleine ou ajourée, réalisée d'une seule pièce avec le restant de l'élément de doublis (1) et faisant saillie sur sa face supérieure.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9213639 | 1992-11-06 | ||
FR9213639A FR2697859B1 (fr) | 1992-11-06 | 1992-11-06 | Elément de doublis pour couverture de bâtiment. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0596818A1 EP0596818A1 (fr) | 1994-05-11 |
EP0596818B1 true EP0596818B1 (fr) | 1998-01-21 |
Family
ID=9435489
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93420439A Expired - Lifetime EP0596818B1 (fr) | 1992-11-06 | 1993-11-02 | Elément de doublis pour couverture de bâtiment |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0596818B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE162578T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69316538T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0596818T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2114025T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2697859B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2843986B1 (fr) * | 2002-09-03 | 2005-08-19 | Pierre Georges Herve | Toiture a bardage de rive |
DE102004021898A1 (de) * | 2004-05-04 | 2005-12-15 | Oskar Fleck | Universelle Traufen-Laubschutzschanze |
DE102004037665A1 (de) * | 2004-08-04 | 2006-02-23 | Oskar Fleck | Traufen-Eindeckung mit Unterlage |
GB2568866B (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2022-06-22 | Manthorpe Building Products Ltd | Roofing product |
CN107630528A (zh) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-01-26 | 深圳市三鑫科技发展有限公司 | 一种钢槽水沟与玻璃采光顶的连接结构及其连接方法 |
FR3109166B1 (fr) | 2020-04-14 | 2022-07-15 | Alexandre Dutin | Bande de doublis pour couverture de toit |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2033336A1 (de) * | 1970-07-06 | 1972-01-20 | Maile, Emil, 7768 Stockach | Schneefangdachziegel |
DE2648717A1 (de) * | 1976-10-27 | 1978-05-03 | Rolf Dieckmann | Dachrinnen |
FR2392193A1 (fr) * | 1977-05-26 | 1978-12-22 | Monier Colourtile Pty Ltd | Support de couche isolante pour toiture en tuiles |
AU520380B2 (en) * | 1977-09-13 | 1982-01-28 | James Hardie & Coy Pty Limited | Bird-proof flashing |
FR2528479B1 (fr) * | 1982-06-10 | 1986-05-16 | Marley Betopan Sa Tuileries | Tuile mecanique sabliere |
GB2131060B (en) * | 1982-11-24 | 1986-05-21 | Marley Roof Tile | Preventing penetration of water through tiled or slated pitched roofs |
US4713915A (en) * | 1984-08-27 | 1987-12-22 | Sweers Ronald L | Edge clip for an eaves trough mounting adapter |
EP0180245B1 (fr) * | 1984-11-02 | 1989-06-07 | Oskar Fleck | Elément d'aération pour rive d'égout |
DE3623562A1 (de) * | 1986-07-12 | 1988-01-28 | Eugen Feil | Dachplatte fuer eine dachbegruenung |
GB2201435B (en) * | 1987-02-18 | 1991-08-21 | Kenneth Vaughan Jenkins | Roofing element |
DE3800793A1 (de) * | 1988-01-14 | 1989-07-27 | Erlus Baustoffwerke | Trauf-dachfalzziegel |
US4912888A (en) * | 1988-03-28 | 1990-04-03 | Martin Charles L | Gutter construction |
-
1992
- 1992-11-06 FR FR9213639A patent/FR2697859B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-11-02 EP EP93420439A patent/EP0596818B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-02 DE DE69316538T patent/DE69316538T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-11-02 DK DK93420439T patent/DK0596818T3/da active
- 1993-11-02 AT AT93420439T patent/ATE162578T1/de active
- 1993-11-02 ES ES93420439T patent/ES2114025T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69316538D1 (de) | 1998-02-26 |
DK0596818T3 (da) | 1998-09-14 |
FR2697859A1 (fr) | 1994-05-13 |
FR2697859B1 (fr) | 1994-12-16 |
ES2114025T3 (es) | 1998-05-16 |
ATE162578T1 (de) | 1998-02-15 |
DE69316538T2 (de) | 1998-07-23 |
EP0596818A1 (fr) | 1994-05-11 |
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