EP0587598B1 - Moteur deux temps - Google Patents

Moteur deux temps Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0587598B1
EP0587598B1 EP92910280A EP92910280A EP0587598B1 EP 0587598 B1 EP0587598 B1 EP 0587598B1 EP 92910280 A EP92910280 A EP 92910280A EP 92910280 A EP92910280 A EP 92910280A EP 0587598 B1 EP0587598 B1 EP 0587598B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder
piston
outlet
spark plug
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92910280A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0587598A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Wahl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0587598A1 publication Critical patent/EP0587598A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0587598B1 publication Critical patent/EP0587598B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
    • F02B25/02—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders using unidirectional scavenging
    • F02B25/04—Engines having ports both in cylinder head and in cylinder wall near bottom of piston stroke
    • F02B25/06—Engines having ports both in cylinder head and in cylinder wall near bottom of piston stroke the cylinder-head ports being controlled by working pistons, e.g. by sleeve-shaped extensions thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/34—Ultra-small engines, e.g. for driving models
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B9/00—Engines characterised by other types of ignition
    • F02B9/06—Engines characterised by other types of ignition with non-timed positive ignition, e.g. with hot-spots
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a two-stroke engine with a piston movable in a cylinder and a cylinder head mounted thereon and channels arranged in the cylinder, which can be released through the upper edge of the piston, the piston being connected to a crankshaft via a connecting rod, an outlet in the cylinder head and a candle chamber, into which a spark or glow plug or an injection nozzle extends, is arranged, the candle communicates with the cylinder chamber and a slide fastened to the piston in its direction of movement, depending on its position, temporarily closes the outlet.
  • two-stroke engine refers to internal combustion engines in which the periodically repeating work cycle, in contrast to four-stroke engines, is squeezed into two cycles, so that each revolution of the crankshaft corresponds to one work cycle.
  • the gas exchange is controlled by channels in the cylinder wall, which each serve the inlet or the outlet and which are opened or closed by the upper, sometimes also the lower piston edge. They are used both as diesel engines, in which air is sucked in via the channels and then fuel is injected into the highly compressed air and therefore ignites, as well as in gasoline engines, which are known to have a fuel / air mixture suck in and the combustion process is initiated via the spark plug.
  • the method of operation is as follows: During the first cycle, shortly before the top dead center of the piston is reached, the intake air (in the case of a gasoline engine) or the fuel / air mixture generated in the combustion chamber by injection (in the case of a diesel engine) is ignited. The piston then performs a downward movement (working stroke) and releases the exhaust duct after a certain distance, so that the burned gases can reach the exhaust and can escape into the open. At about the same time, the inlet is released and the air or the fuel / air mixture is sucked in - often from the crankcase -, flows into the cylinder space and at the same time flushes it out of exhaust gases.
  • the intake air in the case of a gasoline engine
  • the fuel / air mixture generated in the combustion chamber by injection in the case of a diesel engine
  • the piston performs an upward movement, so that after covering the outlet channel, the mixture undergoes compression and then ignites again.
  • the upward movement of the piston creates a negative pressure in the crankcase, which serves as a reservoir for the (fuel) air mixture to be drawn in, which serves for suction from the outside.
  • the known disadvantages of two-stroke engines include the high fuel consumption and the unfavorable use of energy, which is due to the fact that a part of the fresh gases supplied is used to flush out the cylinder space from the combustion gases, which consequently reach the exhaust in part and in an unburned state.
  • the spark plug in the gasoline engine
  • the gasoline injection in the case of the diesel engine
  • a flame front is generated that runs towards the piston, which produces its working movement (working stroke) and at maximum pressure and opens the outlet duct after a certain working stroke, so that the gases currently burning there escape explosively and at high pressure.
  • the result is a high level of noise that can only be reduced and reduced with the help of complex and correspondingly expensive exhaust systems.
  • a two-stroke engine of the generic type is known from DE-OS 29 01 833, in which a stepped piston connected to a crankshaft via a connecting rod is used to control the inlet and outlet channels.
  • the lower part of the piston which is provided with larger radial dimensions, allows fresh mixture at bottom dead center through a channel arranged in the cylinder head, while the upper, tapered part of the stepped piston releases the outlet which runs axially to the cylinder.
  • both the inlet and the outlet are closed, so that the compressed mixture can be ignited by a spark plug which is arranged in a candle chamber connected to the cylinder chamber.
  • a two-stroke engine of the generic type in which the spark plugs are mounted in an opening radially away from the cylinder space and in which the outlet is arranged on the cylinder axis.
  • the disadvantage of this two-stroke engine also lies in the large overall height and the problem of flushing the candle space free of burned gases.
  • the invention has set itself the task of creating a two-stroke engine with significantly reduced dimensions and a fluidically more favorable design of the candle chamber.
  • the two-stroke engine according to the invention differs from those known from the prior art in several decisive ways: Since the outlet runs in the radial direction to the cylinder axis, the overall height is significantly reduced. Another advantage is that the outlet is continuously opened when the slide moves downward, so that an exact dimensioning the time of exhaust, as is necessary in the known two-stroke engines, can be omitted. In addition, a variation in the timing of the outlet is facilitated by changing the diameter of the bore of the outlet or its positioning or by modifying the length of the slide. Since the candle chamber, as part of the combustion chamber, creates the connection to the outlet, the flow-physical conditions are significantly improved. When the burned gas is flushed out, there are no undesired burned gases which impair the efficiency and remain in the candle chamber.
  • the direction in which the candle is arranged relative to the cylinder space is basically free within the scope of the invention.
  • One of the possible implementations is that the candle that plunges into the candle chamber that is to be included in the burner chamber points in the radial direction.
  • the slide has the task of temporarily closing the outlet.
  • the form to be chosen for this is basically arbitrary. It can be a solid bar, a plate or, preferably, a tube. In the latter case, the low weight must be emphasized, which allows the realization of higher speeds.
  • the piston (1) is arranged in a conventional manner in a cylinder (2) designed as a sleeve.
  • a slide (3) is rigidly attached, the outer end of which, depending on the respective position of the piston (1), is guided in a more or less large area of the cylinder head (4). The latter closes the combustion chamber at the end remote from the piston.
  • the design of the cylinder head (4) is decisive for the invention, which on the one hand has an outlet (5) pointing outwards in the radial direction, and also a candle (6) which is also inserted in the radial direction into the cylinder head (4) in the example shown. . Not recognizable in the drawing, but for the function it is still crucial that the candle (6) dips inside the cylinder head (4) into a candle chamber which, due to its connection to the cylinder chamber, belongs to the combustion chamber.
  • the slide (3) separates it from the outlet (5) and opens it when the piston (1) moves downwards, so that the burned gases can escape to the outside via the outlet (5).
  • the parts that are still shown are familiar from the known two-stroke engines.
  • the piston ring is located on the outside of the piston (1) (7) and inside the connecting rod (9) is pivotally attached via the piston pin (8), which passes through the cylinder (2), which is located inside a cylinder housing (10) and with its other end on the crank pin (11) Crankshaft (12) is attached.
  • the latter is located in the crankcase (13), which is closed on the left side via a housing cover (14) and on the right side - all by interposing seals - via the carburetor holder (15).
  • the crankshaft (12) is guided in bearings (16) and closed at the outer end, ie at the end, via disks (17).
  • the fuel / air mixture produced by the carburetor passes through the opening (18 ') into the interior of the crankcase (13), from where it is via the inlet channels (18) located in the cylinder (2), provided that the Piston (1) is located with its upper edge below this channel, into the cylinder space formed from the cylinder (2), piston (1) and cylinder head (4) and into the candle space (not shown here).
  • the inlet channels (18) are closed when the piston (1) moves upward, the fuel / air mixture in the cylinder chamber is compressed and is ignited in the area of top dead center via the candle (6). The result is a flame front which extends from the candle chamber to the piston (1) and which causes the piston (1) to move downwards due to the resulting excess pressure.
  • the slide (3) releases the outlet (5) so that the burned gases can escape to the outside.
  • the inlet ducts (18) are opened, the cylinder / air chamber is again charged with the fuel / air mixture from the side opposite the outlet.
  • the result is a two-stroke gasoline engine that is characterized by particularly smooth running and full use of the fuel.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Means For Warming Up And Starting Carburetors (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Moteur à deux temps comprenant un piston qui se déplace dans un cylindre, une culasse montée au dessus du cylindre et des canaux disposés dans le cylindre et qui peuvent être découverts par l'arête supérieure du piston, le piston étant relié au vilebrequin par l'intermédiaire d'une bielle, avec, disposés dans la culasse, un échappement (5) ainsi qu'un espace pour bougie dans lequel pénètre une bougie d'allumage ou à incandescence (6) ou bien un injecteur, la bougie étant en communication avec la chambre du cylindre, et avec un tiroir (3) fixé au piston (1) selon sa direction de déplacement et qui en fonction de sa position obture par intervalles l'échappement (5) caractérisé en ce que l'échappement (5) s'étend radialement par rapport à l'axe du cylindre et en ce que l'espace pour bougie, qui constitue une partie de la chambre de combustion, sert de connexion vers l'échappement.
  2. Moteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la bougie (6), ou l'injecteur, est disposée radialement par rapport à l'axe du cylindre.
  3. Moteur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le tiroir (3) est une tube creux.
EP92910280A 1991-05-31 1992-05-16 Moteur deux temps Expired - Lifetime EP0587598B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4117893 1991-05-31
DE4117893A DE4117893A1 (de) 1991-05-31 1991-05-31 Zweitaktmotor
PCT/EP1992/001083 WO1992021868A1 (fr) 1991-05-31 1992-05-16 Moteur deux temps

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0587598A1 EP0587598A1 (fr) 1994-03-23
EP0587598B1 true EP0587598B1 (fr) 1996-09-25

Family

ID=6432909

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92910280A Expired - Lifetime EP0587598B1 (fr) 1991-05-31 1992-05-16 Moteur deux temps

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0587598B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE143461T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4117893A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2095471T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992021868A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2901833A1 (de) * 1979-01-18 1980-07-31 Franz Ruppert Zweitaktmotor mit gleichstromspuelsystem
WO1986004112A1 (fr) * 1985-01-02 1986-07-17 Wone Adrian J Systeme de transfert de gaz pour moteurs a combustion interne
FR2590936B1 (fr) * 1985-11-29 1989-11-03 Lepaige De Dommartin Jean Moteur a combustion interne

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0587598A1 (fr) 1994-03-23
ATE143461T1 (de) 1996-10-15
DE59207264D1 (de) 1996-10-31
DE4117893A1 (de) 1992-12-03
WO1992021868A1 (fr) 1992-12-10
ES2095471T3 (es) 1997-02-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE4337670C2 (de) Verbrennungsmotor
DE4220200A1 (de) Viertakt-brennkraftmaschine
DE19602703A1 (de) Zweikanal-Zweitaktmotor
DE4136028A1 (de) Zweitakt-brennkraftmaschinen mit einer aufladevorrichtung
EP0587598B1 (fr) Moteur deux temps
DE19925445A1 (de) Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine
DE2853588A1 (de) Zweitaktmotor mit hilfskolben und ventilanordnung, und sein zugeordneter antrieb
DE263310C (fr)
DE3131805A1 (de) Zweitakt-brennkraftmaschine
DE4429276C2 (de) Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit Mehrtaktfunktion und Verbrennungskraftmaschine, insbesondere Zweitaktmotor
DE19942904B4 (de) Brennkraftmaschine
DE371105C (de) Zweitaktverbrennungskraftmaschine mit Stufenzylinder
DE387550C (de) Zweitaktmotor mit Kurbelgehaeusepumpe und steuerndem Kolben
DE2656833A1 (de) Brennkraftmaschine
DE3528620C2 (fr)
DE102007004061A1 (de) Verbrennungsmotor
DE3702193A1 (de) Anordnung und gestaltung von auspuffkanaelen fuer zweitakt-brennkraftmaschinen
DE275361C (fr)
DE181206C (fr)
DE2156586C3 (de) Viertakt-Brennkraftmaschine mit Uberströmkanalsyslem
DE209203C (fr)
DE560565C (de) Brennkraftfreiflugkolbenmaschine
DE2621897C3 (de) Gemischverdichtende, fremdgezündete Viertakt-Brennkraftmaschine mit Ladungsschichtung
DE2402412C3 (de) Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Hauptbrennraum und einer Auffangkammer für fettes Gemisch
AT111132B (de) Verpuffungskraftmaschine mit Freiflugkolben, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19931209

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19960118

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT CH DE DK ES FR GB IT LI NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Effective date: 19960925

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 143461

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19961015

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59207264

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19961031

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19961025

ET Fr: translation filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2095471

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: INT.RIF.: 28/07/97;NUCCI ANNA MARIA

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20000524

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20000524

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20000526

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20000526

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20000529

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20000616

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20000621

Year of fee payment: 9

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010516

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010516

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010517

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010517

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20010528

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010615

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010615

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20011201

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20010516

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020131

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20011201

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20021203

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20030303

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050516