EP0580613A1 - Bloc composite en ciment - Google Patents

Bloc composite en ciment

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Publication number
EP0580613A1
EP0580613A1 EP92906890A EP92906890A EP0580613A1 EP 0580613 A1 EP0580613 A1 EP 0580613A1 EP 92906890 A EP92906890 A EP 92906890A EP 92906890 A EP92906890 A EP 92906890A EP 0580613 A1 EP0580613 A1 EP 0580613A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composition
sawdust
block
building
cement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP92906890A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0580613A4 (fr
Inventor
Leon Kruss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0580613A1 publication Critical patent/EP0580613A1/fr
Publication of EP0580613A4 publication Critical patent/EP0580613A4/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/18—Waste materials; Refuse organic
    • C04B18/24—Vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper, cork
    • C04B18/26—Wood, e.g. sawdust, wood shavings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a building block composition, a building unit and a method of making same.
  • Many attempts have been made to develop building compositions which provide desirable characteristics in, for example, building block form. Desirably such characteristics are to be achieved at minimum cost. Typically, minimum cost implies that the materials of the composition are readily available in large quantity.
  • minimum cost implies that the materials of the composition are readily available in large quantity.
  • U.S. 2899325 to Kranz details a block composition having desirable characteristics and including proportions of sawdust, sand, cement, gypsum resin and water.
  • the preferred proportions described therein suggest a dr mix composition by weight of approximately the following (converted from volumes specified): sawdust 33% sand 33% cement 16% burnt gypsum 16% pine resin 1%
  • this composition includes a substantial proportion of a filler, namely sand.
  • composition of this block due particularly to the sand, makes i difficult to work and saw. Also nails and screws are not retained well in such a composition. Typically special plugs are required as an intermediary to hold them into the composition.
  • G.B. 1552226 to S. Morris (Yeovil) Limited details a composition which includes as an essential ingredient pulverised bark. Again, a fille material or aggregate material such as limestone or clinker is specified.
  • the pulverised bark is stated to be that specifically available from softwood trees.
  • a preferred composition of this citation is (by volume)
  • this structure In order to achieve lightness this structure relies upon a "cellular 1 structure generated by use of the clinker breeze and the pulverised bark.
  • a preferred composition of this disclosure is (b weight) plaster 35-65% woodchips 15-40% lime 10-25% milk powder 0.5-3% detergent 0.5-3% animal glue 0.05%
  • a building composition and, in particular, a building block having at least some of the following characteristics: good thermal insulation properties, good load bearing or structural strength properties, dimensional stability under varying conditions of moisture, time and temperature, cheap to construct, comprised of readily available materials, able to be worked - including cutting, sawing, driving in of nails or screws, convenient, quick and simple to manufacture, i.e. minimum setting, curing and aging times desired, complies with building and industrial regulations.
  • Relatively complicated composition typically comprising many more than three components.
  • 1t 1s desirable to provide a building unit which c be used to construct either Inside or outside walls quickly and efficiently. Desirably, this is achieved by the use of building units in block form.
  • the blocks are as large as possible to minimise the number of blocks required to create a wall. Size of block must howeve typically be traded off against the weight of the block. Industrial regulations typically specify the maximum weight that may be lifted by a worker in any one lift. Desirably blocks should be below this weight.
  • one aspect of the present invention provides a building block composition suitable for making a building unit, said composition comprising: sawdust in the range 20-70% cement in the range 20-50% lime in the range 5-20%
  • the composition comprises, by dry weight, about 50% sawdust, about 35% cement, and about 15% lime.
  • the composition comprises, by dry weight about .60% sawdust, about 30% cement, and about 10% Hme. In a further broad form, the composition comprises, by dry weight, about 70% sawdust, about 20% cement and about 10% lime.
  • the composition comprises, by dry weight, about 50% sawdust, about 40% cement, and about 10% lime.
  • a building unit manufactured from the above composition is provided.
  • a method of making a building unit comprising the steps of initially creating a dry composition defined above, producing a wet mix by mixing said dry composition with water, pouring said wet mix immediately into at least one mould, allowing said wet mix to drain and set in said at least one mould, and removing sai building unit from said at least one mould upon setting of said wet mix.
  • a building unit and, specifically, a building block is made according to the above method.
  • a building block composition comprising, by dry weight: sawdust 20-70% cement 20-50% plaster 5-20%
  • a building block made from the above composition, said composition in an unset state, further comprising 50 grams of glue and 10 litres of water per cubic metre of composition.
  • a lighweight building block comprising a mix whose dry weight composition is approximately 35% casting plaster, 45% type A Portland cement and 20% sawdust, said composition mixed with water and moulded and dried to form said lightweight building block, said block incorporating a plurality of substantially parallel perforations extending therethrough.
  • said plurality of substantially parallel perforations take the form of cylindrical channels.
  • a building composition comprising, by weight, between 60 and 70% sawdust, between 15 and 25% clay and approximately 15% cement.
  • a building composition comprising about 70% sawdust, about 10% clay, about 10% cement and about
  • Eucalypt derived sawdust is used.
  • the Eucalypt from which the sawdust is derived are one or more of Ironbark, Bluegu and Stringybark.
  • a method of making a building unit comprising the steps of initially creating a dry composition comprising by dry weight about 20-70% sawdust, 20-50% cement and 5-20% plaster; producing a wet mix by mixing said dry composition with approximately 50 grams of glue and 10 litres of water per cubic metre of wet mix; pouring said wet mix immediately into at least one mould; allowin said wet mix to set in at least one mould; and removing said building unit from said at least one mould upon setting of said wet mix; said setting taking place over a relatively short period of time; said building unit produced by said method not requiring any further curing or aging before use.
  • a building unit and, specifically, a building block is made according to the above method.
  • fresh sawdust replaces sawdust in any of the above forms of the invention.
  • one or more o calcium chloride, copper sulfate, animal glue and powdered miIk can be added to any of the forms of the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a block of a preferred embodiment according to Example 1 proposed using the moulds of Example 2;
  • Figure 2 depicts a mould in an open state suitable for making a bloc of the preferred embodiment
  • Figure 3 depicts the mould of Figure 2 with tubular inserts inserted
  • Figure 4 depicts a group of moulds as arranged for mass production.
  • An object of at least a preferred embodiment of the present inventio is to produce a building composition, building unit and method of making same which possess as a common factor:
  • a dry composition suitable to produce a block having at least some o the properties comprises the following components (by dry weight): sawdust 20-70% ce ent 20-50% plaster 5-20%
  • a further preferred composition of a block is a dry weight mix of approximately 35% by weight casting plaster, 45% by weight of type A Portland cement and 20% by weight sawdust. This composition is mixed together with approximately 20 litres of water per five blocks mix.
  • a block constructed according to the embodiment has been found in prototype experimental arrangements to be light and therefore easy to use.
  • the block has also been found to have admirable fire resistant properties.
  • the plaster composition in the dry weight mix may vary between 30% and 40%.
  • the cement composition in the dry weight mix may vary between 25 and 70%.
  • the sawdust may vary in the dry weight mix between 10% and 50%. Obviously the total for any one mix must equal 100%.
  • the proportions give for the embodiment of the invention are the preferred proportions which have been found by experiment to provide the best compromise between weight, cost of construction and fire retardant capability.
  • the invention for wood concrete uses only fresh sawdust.
  • This is preferably only hard-wood sawdust such as turpentine, mahogany and hard varieties of eucalyptus.
  • the sawdust should not be older than one month.
  • Completely fresh sawdust possesses a number of chemical and mineral components in large concentrations and wood concrete can be produced from it without any additions.
  • Wood concrete from fresh sawdust is also very light and strong and has considerable fire-resistant qualities and sound-insulating properties. The product is also excellent thermal insulation. Concrete produced from fresh sawdust, as the previous experiment has shown (durability test), is very durable and stable. When stale sawdust is used to make wood concrete, it requires special treatment with chemical additives plus the addition of sand or other additives.
  • Wood concrete made without this additional treatment lacks durability and has reduced fire-resisting qualities and sound-insulating properties.
  • the ratio of sawdust to cement can be very high (70% sawdust, 30% cement). Concrete with this high content of sawdust does not lose its fire resistance, its sound insulating properties or its durability.
  • Wood concrete with fresh sawdust does not have sand or other additives. This means that it can easily be sawn, nailed or sanded, in addition to possessing many other favourable properties required in the building industry. Wood concrete has high workability and represents a unique building material.
  • a building unit in particular a building block having desirable properties and of dimension 600 mm x 300 mm x 100 mm is constructed as follows: a dry mix comprising sawdust 10 kgs; cement 20 kgs; casting plaster 13 kgs is mixed with 50 grams of pearl or animal glue and 10 litres of water to produce approximately 1 square metre wall surface area of blocks (5 blocks of dimension 600 mm x 300 mm x 100 mm.
  • the wet mix is poured into moulds of construction as depicted 1n Figs. 2 to 4 of internal dimension 600 mm x 300 mm x 100 mm and allowed to set. Setting takes place 1n approximately 20 minutes whereupon the blocks can be released from the moulds.
  • the blocks are allowed to cure for a period of time, for example, a few days, at room temperature.
  • the resultant block 1 is depicted in Fig. 1 having parallel, circula cross-section voids 2 extending therethrough as shown.
  • the block so produced has the following characteristics as construed in terms used in the trade: the block will accept screws and nails without the need for any form of plug to be initially inserted. The screws and nails are retained in a manner similar to their retention in timber; the block may be cut without crumbling or cracking; the block weighs approximately 10 kgs which allows 1t to be lifted unaided by a building worker under current industrial regulations; the block is substantially crack resistant; the block is dimensionally stable under varying conditions of temperature, humidity and age; the block exhibits acoustic, strength and fire rating properties which render it suitable for use in domestic and commercial buildings according to current building regulations and market trends - refer elsewhere in the specification; the block is relatively quick and simple to produce.
  • the cement proportions may be reduced whilst at the same time making corresponding increases in the amount of casting plaster and vise versa.
  • the effect of reduction in the proportion of casting plaster is to cause is to cause a longer drying time and produce a worse fire rating.
  • Increasing amounts of casting plaster at the expense of cement do however render the block cheaper and lighter.
  • the limits on the proportions of cement and casting plaster are 20 kgs -lOkgs +5 kgs and 13 kgs +10 kgs -5 kgs respectively.
  • the quantity of glue used in the mix has a significant effect on the setting time of the wet mix in the moulds.
  • 100 grams of glue instead of 50 grams causes a setting time of approximately 60 minutes. Using no glue at all causes a setting time of approximately 1 minute. Such a small setting time is impracticable in that not enough time is provided to pour the mix into the moulds before setting takes place.
  • the preferred quantity of 50 grams of glue given in the above example provides a practicable drying time of 20 minutes. In addition to affecting drying time the glue also appears to improve the strength of the block and ensure a weather stable block after a few days of curing at room temperature.
  • An alternative building composition suitable for making blocks which are cheaper, lighter, but have relatively low structural strength properties is as follows: a mix to make 10 blocks comprises: sawdust 20 kgs cement 20 kgs casting plaster 12 kgs glue 100 grams together with a suitable quantity of water. Blocks produced from this mix having dimensions identical to those of Example 1, weigh approximately hal of the blocks of Example 1 i.e. 5 kgs. These blocks have the same fire rating characteristics but may not be used where structural strength is important.
  • EXAMPLE 3 The moulds adapted to accept the wet mix of Examples 1 and 2 and suitable to product the blocks of Examples 1 and 2 as depicted in Fig. 1 are shown in Figs. 2 to 4.
  • Fig. 2 shows the general construction of the mould comprising a base member 6 to which are hingedly attached on opposite sides hinged sides 4. On the two narrow proposed sides of the base 6 are affixed perforated side panels 5. The perforations are adapted to receive tubular members 7 threaded between opposing apertures and as depicted 1n F1g. 3.
  • each mould may have a securing piece of overall dimensions similar to base 6 which, complete with securing members, can be used to secure the hinged sides 4 in a closed position to define an enclosed space of internal dimension suitable to produce the block of Fig.
  • Example 1 having dimensions as outlined 1n Example 1.
  • moulds are arranged in a closed position and side by side with their hinged sides in parallel juxtaposed relation.
  • a press arrangement of hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical type can be used to hold the row or rows or moulds in closed position. Referring to Fig. 4 the action of these clamping devices would be in a direction generally shown by the arrows 9. As implied, more than one row may be arranged at the one time.
  • Example 1 Using the preferred proportions outlined in Example 1 (including 50 grams of glue) a setting time of some 20 minutes is provided which allows sufficient time to pour the mix from the mixing arrangement (not shown) into the moulds.
  • At least a few days are allowed for the blocks to obtain maximum dimensional stability before use in construction.
  • the blocks of Examples 1 and 2 are light and durable as previously described.
  • the lightness is in part due to the composition and in part due to the voids in the block.
  • the building composition is such that sufficient mechanical integrity remains in the block structure despit these voids.
  • the voids are substantially parallel tubular voids extending generally in one plane through the block. This particular preferred construction allows electrical conduits and similar to be inserted through a plurality of blocks when such blocks are located one on top of the other. Therefore, when such blocks are used for the structure of walls requiring electrical or other services to be located therein it i a simple matter to thread such conduits through the multiple block structure without any drilling or other guiding means being required.
  • a building unit, in particular a building block having desirable properties and of dimension 600 mm x 300 mm x 100 mm is constructed as follows: a dry mix comprising sawdust 60%; cement 30%; lime 10% of sufficient quantity to fill five moulds of internal dimension 600 mm x 300 mm x 100 mm is mixed with 25 litres of water to produce approximately 1 square metre wall surface area of blocks (5 blocks) of dimension 600 mm x 300 mm x 100 mm.
  • the wet mix is poured into moulds of construction as depicted in Figs. 2 to 4 of internal dimension 600 mm x 300 mm x 100 mm and allowed to set. Excess water mix is allowed to drain naturally from the moulds. Setting takes place within 24 hours whereupon the blocks can be released -from the moulds.
  • the blocks are allowed to cure for a period of time, for example, a few days, at room temperature.
  • the block so produced has the following characteristics as construed in terms used in the trade: the block will accept screws and nails without the need for any form of plug to be initially inserted. The screws and nails are retained in a manner similar to their retention in timber; the block may be cut without crumbling or cracking; the block weighs approximately 9 to 10 kgs which allows it to be lifted unaided by a building worker under current industrial regulations; the block Is substantially crack resistant; the block is dimensionally stable under varying conditions of temperature, humidity and age; the block exhibits acoustic, strength and fire rating properties which render it suitable for use in domestic and commercial buildings according to current building regulations and market trends - refer elsewhere in the specification; the block is relatively quick and simple to produce. The materials from which the block is made are readily available and relatively cheap.
  • the material composition of the dry mix can be varied over the following range (by dry weight): sawdust 50-70%; cement 40-20%; lime 10%.
  • the lime composition should always be approximately 10% as indicate above.
  • the sawdust and cement components can be Interchanged within the ranges given providing their total comes to approximately 90% o the total dry mix weight. Reducing the cement component makes the resulting block somewhat more brittle and reduces its compressive strength. A variation of a few percent on either side of the above ranges should be allowable in practice and yet still provide a block with the characteristics described. Ambient conditions and the quality of the components may affect these ranges and, therefore, when employing a mix near the endpoints of the specified range trial and error experimentation is advisable to ensure that the required characteristics are indeed produced.
  • the preferred cement is Portland cement.
  • Sawdust may be any available sawdust, preferably in fine particle form. Hardwood sawdust provides particularly good compression characteristics.
  • the lime is any commercially available lime, preferably that used for conventional cement work.
  • EXAMPLE 5 A mix having the composition of Example 4 is used to produce blocks as indicated in that Example.
  • a mortar mix is also prepared using the dry mix composition of Example 4. Sufficient water is added to the dry mix to create a mortar composition of satisfactory consistency when used to cement the above blocks together.
  • a wall is constructed using the mortar mix as above described and the blocks of Example 4.
  • the sawdust used was that available from Australian Eucalypt trees, in this case a mix of Ironbark, Bluegum and Stringybark. This sawdust is of an oily consistency.
  • the resulting mix was extruded into brick form using a clay brick extrusion machine. Bricks of a size 110mm by 200mm by 400mm and of a size 110mm by 200mm by 600mm were produced.
  • the sawdust used appears to cause an exothermic reaction during extrusion which causes the bricks to cure in approximately three weeks without the necessity for firing. Tests performed on these bricks when made up into walled panels of single brick thickness indicate a fire rating of four hours and an acoustic insulation of greater than 45dBA (typically in the range of 45-50dBA). Compressive strength is of the order of 15MPa.
  • composition comprising the following proportions by weight was mixed with sufficient water to provide a workable mix: Material Proportion Sawdust 70%
  • the sawdust comprising sawdust derived from, principally, Ironbark, Bluegum and Stringybark. Minor amounts of Greygum and Turpentine sawdust were also present. Curing time was the order of three weeks. Fire rating for a single thickness brick wall made from bricks of dimension either 110mm by 200m * m by 400mm and 110mm by 200mm by 600mm was four hours. The acoustic insulation of the wall was 45dBA. Compressive strength of the individual bricks was 15MPa.
  • a building unit in particular a building block having desirable properties and of dimensions 600mm x 200mm x 100mm is constructed as follows:
  • a dry mix comprising by weight 50% sawdust 35% cement 15% lime of sufficient quantity to fill five moulds of internal dimension 600mm x 200mm x 100mm is mixed with 25 litres of water to produce approximately 1 square metre of wall surface area of blocks (5 blocks) of dimension 600mm x 200mm x 100mm.
  • the wet mix is poured into moulds of construction as depicted in Figs. 2 to 4 (except without the tubular inserts) of the internal dimension 600mm x 200mm x 100mm and allowed to set. Excess water mix is allowed to drain naturally from the moulds. Setting takes place within 24 hours whereupon the blocks can be released from the moulds.
  • the blocks are allowed to cure for a period of time, for example a few days, at room temperature.
  • the resultant block is preferably of solid construction having no channels or voids within the structure.
  • composition together with the solid structure provides a block having the following characteristics as construed in terms used in the trade: the block will accept screws and nails; the block may be cut without crumbling or cracking; the block weighs under 10 kilograms; the block exhibits excellent acoustic, strength and fire rating properties - fire rating typically 4 hours - compression typically 20 MPa - acoustic Insulation minimum 41 dBA.
  • the block of this example is preferably for internal use.
  • 1% glue can be added to the dry weight composition.
  • a building unit, in particular a building block having desirable properties and of dimension 600 mm x 300 mm x 100 mm is constructed as follows: a dry mix comprising sawdust 60%; cement 30%; lime 10% of sufficient quantity to fill five mounds of internal dimension 600 mm x 300 mm x 100 mm is mixed with 25 litres of water to produce approximately 1 square metre wall surface area of blocks (5 blocks) of dimension 600 mm x 300 mm x 100 mm.
  • the wet mix is poured into moulds of construction simil to those depicted in Figs. 2 to 4 of internal dimension 600 mm x 300 mm x 100 mm and allowed to set. Excess water mix 1s allowed to drain naturall from the moulds.
  • the block is allowed to cure for a period of time, for example, a few days, at room temperature.
  • the resultant block 1 is similar to that depicted in Fig. 1 having parallel, circular cross-section voids 2 extending therethrough as shown.
  • the block so produced has the following characteristics as construe in terms used in the trade: the block will accept screws and nails without the need for any for of plug to be initially inserted.
  • the screws and nails are retained in a manner similar to their retention in timber; the block may be cut without crumbling or cracking; the block weighs approximately 9 to 10 kgs which allows it to be lifted unaided by a building worker under current industrial regulations; the block is substantially crack resistant; the block is dimensionally stable under varying conditions of temperature, humidity and age; the block exhibits acoustic, strength and fire rating properties which render it suitable for use in domestic and commercial buildings according to current building regulations and market trends - refer elsewhere in the specification; the block is relatively quick and simple to produce. The materials from which the block is made are readily available an relatively cheap.
  • the material composition of the dry mix can be varied over the following range (by dry weight); sawdust 50-70% cement 40-20%; lime 10%.
  • the lime composition should always be approximately 10% as Indicated above. " However, the sawdust and cement components can be interchanged within the ranges given providing their total comes to approximately 90% o the total dry mix weight. Reducing the cement component makes the resulting block somewhat more brittle and reduces its compressive strength. A variation of a few percent on either side of the above ranges should be allowable in practice and yet still provide a block with the characteristics described. Ambient conditions and the quality of the components may affect these ranges and, therefore, when employing a mix near the endpoints of the specified range trial and error experimentation is advisable to ensure that the required characteristics are indeed produced. Reduction of cement below the range specified creates a block with defects as previously outlined in respect of plaster blocks.
  • the composition should be mixed for approximately 3-5 minutes after being put in the mixer. It is recommended that the tiles and blocks should be cut no earlier than 3 days after pouring.
  • the method for producing aerated concrete is different. It is desirable to use a mixer with a planetary action at a high rpm. The direction of mixing is at least 15-20 minutes. The formula must be the same, except that 1t has a high percentage of calcium.
  • Example 15 Because of the air content, the product has been shown to be lighte by about 20% than casted material.
  • a typical specification requiring a wall 75 to 100mm in thickness weighing not more than 1,000 kgs x m3, having a four hour minimum fire rating and a sound rating of 46 dC would require the following formula: fresh sawdust 640 kgs cement 280 kgs calcium chloride 20 litres copper sulphate 400 grams animal glue 3 kg powdered milk 500 grams
  • Other building units such as wall and floor tiles, blocks of different dimensions, (with or without internal voids) and laminate structures (particularly for walls) are contemplated but are not to be taken as limiting in the applications to which the advantageous characteristics of the building composition described may be put.
  • Laminat structures in particular may comprise a core comprising the building composition mix material with outer layers on one or both sides being wood panelling, other forms of synthetic panelling, plaster mixes, rendering mixes, insulation material, paint compositions and other materials commonl used in the building trade to achieve desirable effects.
  • a core comprising the building composition mix material with outer layers on one or both sides being wood panelling, other forms of synthetic panelling, plaster mixes, rendering mixes, insulation material, paint compositions and other materials commonl used in the building trade to achieve desirable effects.
  • building units comprising the building composition of the invention are used for interior walls it may be desirable to fix various forms of wood or synthetic panelling to the building units. When used for exterior walls various forms of external cladding may be desirable.
  • insulation materials may be affixed to one or more surfaces to enhance the insulation and acoustical properties of the building unit.
  • Some alternative materials can be used to replace the materials specified in the examples of the preferred embodiment.
  • milk powder can replace the pearl glue or animal glue.
  • Wheat husks or wood chips can be used to replace the sawdust. These relatively coarse particles will, however, prevent internal voids In the building units from being allowed to run close to the edges of the block. Structural integrity and ability to retain items such as screws and nails may also be adversely affected.
  • the mortar composition of one aspect of the present invention can also be applied to presently available building materials, including
  • Gybrock or equivalent This will improve the acoustic properties and fire rating properties of the original materials.
  • test wall having a 3 hour fire rating was constructed as follows: Method of Construction of Test Wall
  • cement Mix comprises 50% casting plaster and 50% Type A Portland Cement (prior to water addition).
  • Blocks are to be laid in stretcher bond. 1. Lay 5mm thick bed of cement mix on floor. 2. Batter entire end of block with a 5mm bed of cement mix and butt up to starting point.
  • step 2 tapping block down to maintain a finished bed thickness of approximately 3mm thick.
  • a block mix is made by mixing a dry mix according to the proportions previously outlined, then mixing with water in a mixing machine and pouring the resultant wet mix into moulds.
  • a wet casting plaster and Portland Cement Mix may be made Independently of a sawdust mix and the two then combined together at the mixing stage.
  • the moulds are arranged in series as batches.
  • the cylindrical perforations are effected by passing a series of cylindrical rods through supporting holes in the mould walls.
  • a number of blocks may be made quickly and cheaply at the one time.
  • Completed blocks are shown In Fig. 1 and made according to the method outlined weigh approximately 2 kgs. each.
  • the block " is preferably for use as a non-loadbearing unit. However, relatively light loads can be supported.
  • Advantages of the present invention include the following:-
  • Moulds can be filled by hand and or by machine.
  • the mixtures could also be used to provide protection against heat, fire, noise in existing structures by pouring the material in-situ over existing timber floor.
  • the mixtures could also be sprayed on new and existing structures as to provide a shield against heat and fire.
  • the product could be shaped into bricks/blocks/panels and poure in-situ or sprayed.
  • the manufacturing could vary in production from being super labout intensive to a fully computerised extrusion process requiring very little labout and operating around the clock.
  • Panels, bricks, blocks manufactured with this product can be used both internally or externally.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

Composition pour blocs de construction, unité modulaire et procédé de fabrication. Cette composition comporte, par rapport au poids à sec, de 20 à 70 % de sciures, de 20 à 50 % de ciment et de 5 à 20 % de plâtre ou de chaux. On fabrique un bloc de construction à partir de cette composition en y ajoutant une quantité appropriée d'eau ainsi que, selon certaines variantes de réalisation, une quantité prédéterminée de colle. Selon une des variantes de réalisation, on utilise des sciures fraîches.
EP92906890A 1991-04-08 1992-03-17 Bloc composite en ciment Withdrawn EP0580613A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU74214/91A AU7421491A (en) 1986-01-31 1991-04-08 Composite cement block
AU74214/91 1991-04-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0580613A1 true EP0580613A1 (fr) 1994-02-02
EP0580613A4 EP0580613A4 (fr) 1994-08-31

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92906890A Withdrawn EP0580613A1 (fr) 1991-04-08 1992-03-17 Bloc composite en ciment

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0580613A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06506177A (fr)
AU (1) AU7421491A (fr)
CA (1) CA2108042A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992017416A1 (fr)

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RU2641349C2 (ru) * 2016-05-18 2018-01-17 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Петрозаводский государственный университет" Полидисперсная древесно-цементная смесь с наномодификатором

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GB2300417B (en) * 1995-04-29 1999-08-18 Harold Ryder Modelling material
WO2006119590A2 (fr) * 2005-05-06 2006-11-16 Teleman Petrache Composition material a base de ciment et de fibres de bois destinee a la fabrication des elements de construction
FR2885617B1 (fr) 2005-05-12 2010-01-08 Stephan Vogel Blocs en bois agglomere
ES2301422B1 (es) * 2006-07-28 2009-02-16 Osvaldo Daniel Ruiz Mezcla cementable.
FR2929269B1 (fr) * 2008-03-31 2010-04-23 Knauf Materiau de construction permettant de diminuer la concentration en composes organiques volatils dans l'air
ES2356877B1 (es) * 2009-06-15 2012-03-06 Horbiopat S.L. Material de construcción, procedimiento de obtención de dicho material, elemento constructivo elaborado empleando dicho material y uso del material como sumidero co2 para inmovilizar carbono a largo plazo.
RU2500638C1 (ru) * 2012-09-03 2013-12-10 Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина Арболитовая смесь
RU2542025C1 (ru) * 2013-11-27 2015-02-20 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова" (САФУ) Наноструктурированный древесно-минеральный композитный материал
RU2568445C1 (ru) * 2014-05-06 2015-11-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Петрозаводский государственный университет" Древесно-цементная смесь для изготовления теплоизоляционных и конструкционных строительных материалов
RU2569422C1 (ru) * 2014-06-17 2015-11-27 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Петрозаводский государственный университет" Древесно-цементная смесь
RU2605110C1 (ru) * 2015-09-02 2016-12-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Петрозаводский государственный университет" Древесно-цементная смесь для изготовления строительных блоков
IT201800005322A1 (it) * 2018-05-14 2019-11-14 Pannello fonoassorbente ed ignifugo e metodo per la sua realizzazione
US20200102445A1 (en) * 2018-09-29 2020-04-02 Joshua Allen McGuire Novel Cellulose-Based Admix and Processes for Fabricating a Lightweight Concrete Substitute and Building Components for Construction
AT524579B1 (de) * 2021-04-22 2022-07-15 Eps Leichtbeton Gmbh Verfahren zum Bereitstellen einer vorgefertigten Trockenmischung zum Herstellen von Holzbeton
WO2024187256A1 (fr) * 2023-03-13 2024-09-19 Macedo Lucas Candido Composition de mélange pour masse destinée à la construction civile, contenant des déchets de bois, procédé de fabrication et application

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FR1127634A (fr) * 1955-06-09 1956-12-20 Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau aggloméré et matériau obtenu par ce procédé
FR1148735A (fr) * 1955-04-26 1957-12-13 Procédé de fabrication de blocs de construction, éléments de construction et articles analogues
US4308068A (en) * 1980-07-11 1981-12-29 Copling William L Concrete compositions

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AU6938387A (en) * 1986-01-31 1987-08-25 Leon Kruss Composite cement block
AU6938487A (en) * 1986-01-31 1987-08-25 Kruss, L. Composite plaster block

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1148735A (fr) * 1955-04-26 1957-12-13 Procédé de fabrication de blocs de construction, éléments de construction et articles analogues
FR1127634A (fr) * 1955-06-09 1956-12-20 Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau aggloméré et matériau obtenu par ce procédé
US4308068A (en) * 1980-07-11 1981-12-29 Copling William L Concrete compositions

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See also references of WO9217416A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2641349C2 (ru) * 2016-05-18 2018-01-17 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Петрозаводский государственный университет" Полидисперсная древесно-цементная смесь с наномодификатором

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2108042A1 (fr) 1992-10-09
JPH06506177A (ja) 1994-07-14
AU7421491A (en) 1991-07-11
WO1992017416A1 (fr) 1992-10-15
EP0580613A4 (fr) 1994-08-31

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