EP0578843A1 - Procédé pour éteindre des feux - Google Patents

Procédé pour éteindre des feux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0578843A1
EP0578843A1 EP92111850A EP92111850A EP0578843A1 EP 0578843 A1 EP0578843 A1 EP 0578843A1 EP 92111850 A EP92111850 A EP 92111850A EP 92111850 A EP92111850 A EP 92111850A EP 0578843 A1 EP0578843 A1 EP 0578843A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
aerosol
fire extinguishing
combustion
fuel
combustion zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92111850A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0578843B1 (fr
Inventor
Anatoly Nikolaevich Baratov
Vyacheslav Vladimirovich Belokon
Vyacheslav Ivanovich Deruzhinsky
Leonid Vasilievich Zabelin
Eduard Ljudvigovich Kazarian
Anatoly Vasilievich Marchenko
Jury Alexandrovich Militsyn
Boris Ivanovich Mironov
Zinovy Petrovich Pak
Boris Petrovich Perepechenko
Vitaly Grigorievich Tamurka
Eduard Grogorievich Tkachev
Vladimir Vasilievich Sharshkov
Galina Grigorievna Shakhrai
Tatyana Pavlovna Korobenina
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LJUBERETSKOE NAUCHNO-PROIZVODSTVENNOE OBIEDINENIE "SOJUZ"
Original Assignee
LJUBERETSKOE NAUCHNO-PROIZVODSTVENNOE OBIEDINENIE "SOJUZ"
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to CA002073656A priority Critical patent/CA2073656A1/fr
Application filed by LJUBERETSKOE NAUCHNO-PROIZVODSTVENNOE OBIEDINENIE "SOJUZ" filed Critical LJUBERETSKOE NAUCHNO-PROIZVODSTVENNOE OBIEDINENIE "SOJUZ"
Priority to DE59205703T priority patent/DE59205703D1/de
Priority to EP92111850A priority patent/EP0578843B1/fr
Priority to JP5055707A priority patent/JPH06269513A/ja
Priority to AU35292/93A priority patent/AU659291B2/en
Priority to NZ250329A priority patent/NZ250329A/en
Publication of EP0578843A1 publication Critical patent/EP0578843A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0578843B1 publication Critical patent/EP0578843B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
    • A62C5/006—Extinguishants produced by combustion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fire protection technology, in particular to a fire extinguishing process.
  • this invention can be used to extinguish a fire that arises in a closed space, for example in industrial and social objects as well as in means of transportation, etc.
  • nitrogen is used to suppress the burning of materials that, when burned, react with halons and water under explosion.
  • Carbon dioxide and water vapor are used in cases where the use of halons is economically disadvantageous.
  • volume fire extinguishing is understood to mean the generation of a medium which does not maintain the burning in a limited volume, for example in a room, a loading space, a works department and the like, which volume is referred to below as the volume V to be protected. This is achieved in that gaseous substances or aerosols are added to the volume to be protected and are evenly distributed in this volume in an amount which ensures a concentration thereof in which the burning and an explosion are impossible.
  • “Burning zone” is understood to mean part of a room in which chemical processes of an interaction of the gaseous decomposition products of burning starting materials with the oxygen from the environment take place, namely the room occupied by the visible flame.
  • the known method consists in supplying a means to the firing zone, which is used as a powder which is transported by a gas supplied under pressure.
  • the powder ejected under pressure forms an aerosol that envelops the flame and suppresses it. This is achieved that the course of the chemical combustion reactions is inhibited by powder particles.
  • the mechanism of the extinguishing effect of the aerosol involves the entry of "active centers", which are responsible for the development of the burning process in the source of the fire, on the surface of the solid aerosol particles.
  • the "active centers” represent atomic particles or fragments of molecules (radicals) that have a free valence, which leads to the development of branched chain reactions characteristic of the burning process.
  • the powders are prepared in advance and stored under the pressure of a compressed gas for a long time, they clump and bake together, which prevents the generation of a highly disperse aerosol which is fed into the combustion zone, while a coarsely disperse powder has an insufficient extinguishing ability compared to that "Halon" owns.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a fire extinguishing method which is based on the suppression of chemical combustion reactions by recombination of "active centers" of the flame on the particles of a heterogeneous aerosol.
  • the object is achieved in that in the fire extinguishing process, which consists in that the combustion zone supplies an agent whose interaction with the flame localizes and suppresses the latter, according to the invention an aerosol produced by combustion of an artificial solid oxygen-containing fuel is used as the agent.
  • the components of the fuel are generally common substances that represent oxidizing agents, fuel and binding agents.
  • the effectiveness of the fuel depends on the nature of its components. It is manufactured in the usual way.
  • the form of fuel can be of any type, that is to say in the form of tablets, powder, cylindrical shaped articles, etc. As a result of the reaction, 5 to 70% by mass of aerosol, based on the solid phase, is formed.
  • the implementation of the fire extinguishing method according to the invention ensures that chemical combustion reactions in the combustion zone are suppressed.
  • a distinctive feature of the aerosol produced during the combustion of fuel is its high degree of dispersion with a particle size below 2 ⁇ m, which ensures a large surface area for the interaction of these particles with the "active centers”.
  • active centers represent atomic particles or radicals that have a free valence, which leads to the development of characteristic branched chain reactions for homogeneous firing.
  • the "active centers” collide with the particles, the latter adsorb them on their own surface.
  • the substance of a particle interacts with an “active center”, the latter recombines and becomes neutral.
  • An energy released during the recombination of the "active centers” is absorbed by the particles, thereby preventing dissociation of molecules which have formed as a result of the recombination of the "active centers", which contributes to the suppression of the burning process.
  • the size k depends on the properties of the materials burning during the fire, on the architecture and the degree of tightness of a volume to be protected, e.g. a service, storage or production room, aircraft, means of transport, etc.
  • a concentration k ⁇ 0.01 kg / m3
  • fire extinguishing is not guaranteed because the total area of the aerosol particles is not sufficient to remove the "active centers".
  • k 0.01-0.2 kg / m3
  • these "active centers” are withdrawn by the aerosol particles from the flame.
  • the consumption of solid fuel is practically inappropriate.
  • the aerosol is required to contain oxides or carbonates or phosphates of metals or their mixtures. It has been found experimentally that the abovementioned compounds have the greatest "affinity" for the "active center", ie the probability of recombination of the "active centers” on them increases. The latter causes the chain reactions of the combustion to be interrupted more often. That is why it suppresses the burning process If a smaller amount of aerosol is required.
  • these metals be selected from the 1st group of the periodic table because their compounds are less toxic, widespread in nature, relatively inexpensive and have the greatest affinity for the "active sites”.
  • the aerosol must be cooled to a temperature below the critical temperature of ignition or explosion of explosive gas mixtures. It is advisable to cool the highly disperse aerosol at a speed of at least 400 degrees / s.
  • the coagulation suppression keeps it highly dispersed for more than a few ten minutes, which increases the effectiveness of the fire suppression. It is desirable to introduce into the aerosol an inert gaseous agent selected from the series CO2, N2, H2O, He, Ar or mixtures thereof in a mass ratio of at least 1:30.
  • the fire extinguishing method according to the invention was realized in a special chamber 1 (FIG. 1) with a volume of 60 m3, which comes close to a lifelike, fire-protected room.
  • a shell 2 is accommodated, which is filled with a diesel fuel with a 1 m2 burning surface and is arranged on a base 3.
  • a filament 4 is provided to ignite the diesel fuel.
  • an aerosol generator 6 which represents a cylindrical housing 7 with a nozzle 8, which is filled with an oxygen-containing solid fuel 9, for example in the form of a cylinder.
  • a filament 10 is provided to ignite the fuel 9.
  • the walls 11 of the chamber 1 consist of reinforced concrete.
  • a metal door 12 is provided, which is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable to change the passage cross section of a ventilation gap 13.
  • the temperature values in the combustion zone 14 of the diesel fuel are fixed with the help of thermocouples (not shown in FIG.),
  • the temperature value of the aerosol is also fixed with the help of thermocouples (not shown).
  • the points a1, a2 correspond to the start and end of the combustion of the diesel fuel, while the points b1, b2 correspond to the start and the end of the combustion of the solid oxygen-containing fuel.
  • the time of the end of combustion of the diesel fuel (point a2) considerably exceeds the time of the end of combustion of the solid fuel (point b2), which coincides with the time of its complete burnout.
  • the aerosol concentration was 0.020 kg / m3. This concentration of aerosol was found to be low for fire extinguishing because the total area of its particles was insufficient to remove "active sites".
  • the aerosol which has filled the chamber 1 (Fig. 1), has the following composition: gaseous substances, oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapors (H2O) and condensed particles of sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), the size of which does not exceed 2 ⁇ m.
  • a further increase in the aerosol concentration in chamber 1 leads to faster suppression of the flame in the combustion zone.
  • the point a2 which corresponds to the time of the end of combustion of the diesel fuel, on the abscissa axis is closer to the coordinate origin than the point b2, which is the time of Solid fuel combustion end corresponds. It follows from this that an increase in the aerosol concentration> 0.040 kg / m3 results in an increased consumption of the solid oxygen-containing fuel.
  • the fuel is ignited by means of an ignition device, which is accommodated in each housing accommodating the solid fuel body, or from the source of the fire.
  • the aerosol that filled the machine room has the following composition: gaseous substances, oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), steam (H2O) and condensed particles of potassium chloride (KCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), potassium sulfate (K2SO4).
  • the oxygen content in the volume of the machine room filled with aerosol practically does not decrease, which is acceptable for human breathing.
  • the aerosol supplied to chamber 1 (FIG. 1) is pre-cooled, for example, to the temperature of 900 ° K by passing it through a heat exchanger known per se.
  • the volume of chamber 1, the Dimensions of the shell 2 and the diesel fuel contained therein as well as the amount of solid oxygen-containing fuel 9 equal 2.370 kg and the conditions of ignition of the diesel fuel and its extinction are analogous to those in Example 1.
  • the fire extinguishing method according to the invention was implemented in chamber 1 (FIG. 1), which is equipped with a system for supplying a gaseous agent which is inert to the combustion process, for example nitrogen N 2.
  • the aerosol delivery conditions are similar to those set forth in Example 1. The difference is in the means to be burned, which isopropyl alcohol occurs with a mass up to 32 kg. The burnout time is 20 minutes. To delete the same with the nitrogen N2, it would be necessary to supply the chamber 1 20 kg of nitrogen. To extinguish the isopropyl alcohol in chamber 1, it would be necessary to burn 2.5 kg of solid oxygen-containing fuel in this chamber to form it.
  • the extinguishing of burning power cables the extinguishing of fires in oil and gas wells, the extinguishing of fires in storage rooms for flammable gases or liquids, the extinguishing of solid fuels with low oxygen content, e.g. of celluloid.

Landscapes

  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
EP92111850A 1992-07-10 1992-07-11 Procédé pour éteindre des feux Expired - Lifetime EP0578843B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002073656A CA2073656A1 (fr) 1992-07-10 1992-07-10 Methode d'extinction d'incendies
DE59205703T DE59205703D1 (de) 1992-07-10 1992-07-11 Feuerlöschverfahren
EP92111850A EP0578843B1 (fr) 1992-07-10 1992-07-11 Procédé pour éteindre des feux
JP5055707A JPH06269513A (ja) 1992-07-10 1993-03-16 消火方法
AU35292/93A AU659291B2 (en) 1992-07-10 1993-03-17 A method for fire extinguishing
NZ250329A NZ250329A (en) 1992-07-10 1993-11-30 Fire extinguishing method using flame suppressing aerosol formed by burning synthetic solid fuel with oxygen

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002073656A CA2073656A1 (fr) 1992-07-10 1992-07-10 Methode d'extinction d'incendies
EP92111850A EP0578843B1 (fr) 1992-07-10 1992-07-11 Procédé pour éteindre des feux
JP5055707A JPH06269513A (ja) 1992-07-10 1993-03-16 消火方法
AU35292/93A AU659291B2 (en) 1992-07-10 1993-03-17 A method for fire extinguishing
NZ250329A NZ250329A (en) 1992-07-10 1993-11-30 Fire extinguishing method using flame suppressing aerosol formed by burning synthetic solid fuel with oxygen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0578843A1 true EP0578843A1 (fr) 1994-01-19
EP0578843B1 EP0578843B1 (fr) 1996-03-13

Family

ID=27506806

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92111850A Expired - Lifetime EP0578843B1 (fr) 1992-07-10 1992-07-11 Procédé pour éteindre des feux

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0578843B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06269513A (fr)
AU (1) AU659291B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2073656A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59205703D1 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ250329A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4439798A1 (de) * 1994-11-08 1996-05-09 Total Feuerschutz Gmbh Feuerlöscheinrichtung
EP0738524A2 (fr) 1995-04-20 1996-10-23 Total Walther Feuerschutz GmbH Dispositif d'extinction d'incendie
DE19636725A1 (de) * 1996-04-30 1997-11-13 Amtech R Int Inc Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Löschen von Raumbränden

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5080231B2 (ja) * 2007-12-13 2012-11-21 ホーチキ株式会社 発煙消火装置
JP2009160382A (ja) * 2007-12-13 2009-07-23 Hochiki Corp 発煙消火装置
JP5080230B2 (ja) * 2007-12-13 2012-11-21 ホーチキ株式会社 発煙消火装置
JP5384911B2 (ja) * 2008-11-13 2014-01-08 日本カーリット株式会社 発煙消火剤
CN101757760B (zh) * 2010-01-19 2012-06-27 陕西坚瑞消防股份有限公司 热气溶胶用催化型化学冷却剂及其制备方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1807456A (en) * 1930-03-24 1931-05-26 Central Railway Signal Co Fire extinguishing composition
FR801208A (fr) * 1935-04-30 1936-07-30 Expl Des Procedes Et Brevets F Produit extincteur d'incendie d'usage universel
US2322781A (en) * 1942-03-07 1943-06-29 Halco Chemical Corp Fire-extinguishing composition of matter
GB2028127A (en) * 1978-08-16 1980-03-05 Hammargren & Co Ab Fire extinguisher
US4601344A (en) * 1983-09-29 1986-07-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Pyrotechnic fire extinguishing method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1807456A (en) * 1930-03-24 1931-05-26 Central Railway Signal Co Fire extinguishing composition
FR801208A (fr) * 1935-04-30 1936-07-30 Expl Des Procedes Et Brevets F Produit extincteur d'incendie d'usage universel
US2322781A (en) * 1942-03-07 1943-06-29 Halco Chemical Corp Fire-extinguishing composition of matter
GB2028127A (en) * 1978-08-16 1980-03-05 Hammargren & Co Ab Fire extinguisher
US4601344A (en) * 1983-09-29 1986-07-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Pyrotechnic fire extinguishing method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 84, no. 18, 3. Mai 1976, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 124138e, H.SHIMIZU ET AL 'Gas-forming compositions' Seite 138 ; *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4439798A1 (de) * 1994-11-08 1996-05-09 Total Feuerschutz Gmbh Feuerlöscheinrichtung
EP0738524A2 (fr) 1995-04-20 1996-10-23 Total Walther Feuerschutz GmbH Dispositif d'extinction d'incendie
DE19514532A1 (de) * 1995-04-20 1996-10-24 Total Feuerschutz Gmbh Feuerlöscheinrichtung
EP0738524A3 (fr) * 1995-04-20 1997-11-26 TOTAL WALTHER GmbH, Feuerschutz und Sicherheit Dispositif d'extinction d'incendie
US5806603A (en) * 1995-04-20 1998-09-15 Total Walther Feuerschutz Gmbh Fire extinguishing device
DE19514532C2 (de) * 1995-04-20 1999-04-08 Total Feuerschutz Gmbh Feuerlöscheinrichtung
DE19636725A1 (de) * 1996-04-30 1997-11-13 Amtech R Int Inc Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Löschen von Raumbränden
DE19636725C2 (de) * 1996-04-30 1998-07-09 Amtech R Int Inc Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Löschen von Raumbränden
US5865257A (en) * 1996-04-30 1999-02-02 R-Amtech International, Inc. Method and apparatus for extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2073656A1 (fr) 1994-01-11
NZ250329A (en) 1995-08-28
DE59205703D1 (de) 1996-04-18
EP0578843B1 (fr) 1996-03-13
AU659291B2 (en) 1995-05-11
AU3529293A (en) 1994-09-22
JPH06269513A (ja) 1994-09-27

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