EP0578596A1 - Furnace, in particular electric furnace for the treatment of molten metal - Google Patents

Furnace, in particular electric furnace for the treatment of molten metal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0578596A1
EP0578596A1 EP93470012A EP93470012A EP0578596A1 EP 0578596 A1 EP0578596 A1 EP 0578596A1 EP 93470012 A EP93470012 A EP 93470012A EP 93470012 A EP93470012 A EP 93470012A EP 0578596 A1 EP0578596 A1 EP 0578596A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
peripheral edge
vault
oven according
extension
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93470012A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jacques Blum
François Heckel
Jacques Le Goff
Daniel Pernet
Dominique Rocchi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Unimetal SA
Original Assignee
Unimetal SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Unimetal SA filed Critical Unimetal SA
Publication of EP0578596A1 publication Critical patent/EP0578596A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0073—Seals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/18—Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers
    • F27D1/1808—Removable covers
    • F27D1/1816—Removable covers specially adapted for arc furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/001—Extraction of waste gases, collection of fumes and hoods used therefor
    • F27D17/003—Extraction of waste gases, collection of fumes and hoods used therefor of waste gases emanating from an electric arc furnace
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
    • F27D2009/001—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a fluid other than a gas
    • F27D2009/0013—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a fluid other than a gas the fluid being water

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an oven, in particular an electric furnace for processing liquid metal.
  • the floating vault can be lifted and moved in order to load the oven, especially with scrap metal.
  • the vault is replaced on top of the tank.
  • a sealing device has therefore been proposed between the tank and the floating roof comprising a flexible refractory material disposed on the edge of the opening of the tank. This flexible refractory material returns to its initial shape when the arch is raised.
  • the junction edges of the floating vault and the tank are delimited by substantially flat and horizontal surfaces.
  • the plan-to-plan contact is unfavorable for sealing.
  • when loading the scrap tank are deposited on the flat edge of the opening of the tank, which affects the tightness of the oven when the vault is replaced on the tank.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks and to improve the seal between the tank and the floating roof of an oven, in particular an electric oven used in the steel industry.
  • the subject of the invention is an oven, in particular an electric furnace for processing liquid metal, comprising a tank closed by a floating vault and sealing means between the vault and the tank, characterized in that the means d 'sealing include two contiguous surfaces in direct contact arranged one on the peripheral edge of the vault and the other on the peripheral edge of the tank, a first surface being substantially toric and the second surface being substantially frustoconical.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electric arc furnace according to a first embodiment of the invention, designated by the general reference 10.
  • This furnace 10 is used for example in the steel industry for the production of steels.
  • the oven 10 comprises a tank 12, containing liquid metal 14, closed in its upper part by a floating vault 16.
  • the tank 12 has a bottom 17 and a substantially cylindrical shell 18, of axis X.
  • the wall of the tank 12 has a metal carcass 19 coated on its internal surface with a refractory material 20.
  • the peripheral edge 21 of the tank 12 is delimited by a removable annular extension 22 bearing on the upper edge of the ferrule 18.
  • the extension 22 is hung on the tank 12 by devices which are shown in more detail in FIG. 2 and which will be described later.
  • the extension 22 is delimited by metal walls and can consist of a single annular element, as shown in FIG. 1, or of several contiguous elements forming sectors.
  • the upper edge of the metal carcass 19 has a circular channel 28 filled with sand 30.
  • the internal wall of the ferrule 18 comprises, in its part located above the level of liquid metal 14, cooled panels 32. These panels 32 have a shape box and contain coolant, for example, water.
  • the panels 32 are fixed in the tank 12 by known means, and can be removed from the tank by lifting them upwards, considering FIG. 1, after removing the riser 22, as will be described later.
  • the riser 22 includes two annular cooling chambers 22A, 22B, arranged one above the other. These chambers 22A, 22B contain a cooling liquid, for example water, circulating in the chambers in opposite directions.
  • a cooling liquid for example water
  • the annular chambers 22A, 22B are connected to cooling liquid supply circuits, of known type, not shown in the figures.
  • the extension 22 has a substantially triangular section in an axial plane of the tank containing the axis X.
  • the upper edge of the ferrule 18 and the base 34 of the extension bearing on this edge have a substantially planar shape.
  • the inclined surfaces 38, 40 of the extension 22 have a generally substantially frustoconical shape.
  • a first inclined surface 38, oriented towards the inside of the tank, is carried by an imaginary cone of which there is shown, in phantom, a generator C1 in FIG. 1.
  • the top of this cone C1 is located under the peripheral edge 21 of tank 12.
  • the second inclined surface 40 oriented towards the outside of the tank 12, is carried by an imaginary cone of which there has been shown, in phantom, a generator C2 in FIG. 1.
  • the top of this cone C2 is located above from the peripheral edge 21 of the tank 12.
  • the extension 22 includes an annular skirt 39, integral with its base 34, projecting perpendicularly at this base.
  • the skirt 39 is pressed into the sand 30 so as to form a seal between the ferrule 18 and the extension 22.
  • the arch 16 has a peripheral edge 43 bearing on the extension 22.
  • the edge 43 of the roof has an annular chamber 43A for circulation of a cooling liquid, for example water.
  • the chamber 43A is connected to a cooling liquid supply circuit, of known type.
  • the chamber 43A can possibly form a coolant collector connected to radial cooling conduits, not shown in the figures, arranged in the roof 16.
  • the edge 43 of the arch 16 is delimited by a substantially toric external surface 44. This surface 44 is in direct contact with the substantially frustoconical surface 40 of the extension 22.
  • the contiguous surfaces 40, 44 ensure the seal between the roof 16 and the tank 12.
  • the latter comprises radial projections 45 or cradles distributed around its outer periphery, substantially in the same transverse plane with respect to the axis X of the tank 12.
  • the free ends of the cradles 45 are bent towards the top of the tank 12.
  • the extension 22 includes four cradles 45 spaced apart by 90 ° along its outer periphery.
  • the vault 16 has three orifices through which are disposed vertical electrodes, not shown in the drawings, and a fourth orifice 46 for the evacuation of the fumes contained in the oven.
  • the orifice 46 is connected to a nozzle 48, integral with the roof 16, projecting outside the furnace.
  • the nozzle 48 is fixed to the roof 16 of the oven by known means, for example by a weld bead 50.
  • the free end 52 of the nozzle 48 is connected to one end 54 of a duct 56 connected to smoke extraction means of the known type, not shown in the figures.
  • the section of the nozzle 48 and of the conduit 56 is substantially rectangular.
  • Sealing means 58 are arranged between the junction ends 52, 56 of the nozzle 48 and the conduit 56.
  • the means 58 comprise a seal 60 of flexible refractory material substantially covering its initial shape after being compressed.
  • the seal 60 is partially housed in a channel 62 carried by the junction end 52 of the nozzle.
  • the channel 62 has a substantially rectangular shape and extends along the contour of the junction end 52 of the nozzle.
  • the seal 60 is fixed in the channel 62 by means of removable fasteners 64, of known type, passing right through the side walls of the channel 62 and the seal 60.
  • the seal 60 projects outside the channel 62 so as to be in sealed contact against the junction end 54 of the conduit 56.
  • the seal 60 comprises a rope braided in glass fibers of substantially rectangular section.
  • the junction ends 52, 54 of the nozzle and of the duct include chambers 52A, 54A which are substantially annular, intended for the circulation of a coolant, for example water.
  • the chambers 52A, 54A are connected to a cooling circuit of known type, not shown in the figures.
  • the conduit 56 comprises means for moving in horizontal translation, not shown in the figures, intended to bring it closer or to move it away from the junction end 52 of the nozzle.
  • FIG. 2 shows a device 66 connecting the tank 12, the extension 22 and the roof 16 together.
  • the oven 10 comprises several devices 66, for example four in number, regularly spaced along the periphery of the oven.
  • the device 66 comprises a connecting device 68 connecting the vault 16 and the riser 22 to one another and a connecting device 70 connecting the riser 22 and the tank 12 to each other.
  • the device 68 comprises a strap 72 connecting a radial rib 74 secured to the roof 16 to a fitting 76, secured to the extension 22, extending radially outside the tank 12.
  • the ends of the strap 72 are connected, one to the rib 74 and the other to the fitting 76, by means of removable pins 78.80.
  • the device 70 comprises a radial tab 82, integral with the tank 12, projecting outside the latter, connected by a removable pin 84 to a curved end of the fitting 76.
  • the smoke suction duct 56 is moved so as to move it away from the junction end 52 of the nozzle 48.
  • the removable pins 78 are removed from the straps 72 so as to free the arch 16 from the riser 22, by folding the straps 72 by pivoting around the pins 80.
  • the arch 16 is then moved by lifting it, for example by means of a lifting bracket.
  • the tank 12 can be loaded.
  • the tank 12 can be loaded, for example, with scrap metal.
  • the triangular section of the riser prevents scrap metal from settling on the peripheral edge of the tank during loading.
  • the floating vault 16 is moved so as to bring it in line with the riser 22.
  • the toric surface 44 of the edge 43 of the arch fits onto the frustoconical surface 40 of the extension 22.
  • the frustoconical surface 40 cooperating with the toric surface 44 ensures good centering of the vault 16 relative to the axis X of the tank 12.
  • the place of contact of the toric surface 44 and the frustoconical surface 40 roughly defines a circular line.
  • the contact pressure on this circular line is high, which makes it possible to obtain a sealed junction between the roof 16 and the tank 12.
  • junction end 52 of the nozzle 48 is substantially opposite the junction end 54 of the duct 56.
  • the cradles 45 are spaced apart in height from the edge 43 of the roof by a slight clearance.
  • the smoke suction duct 56 is then moved to be brought into contact with the seal 60 carried by the nozzle 48.
  • the seal between the nozzle 48 and the duct 56 is ensured by compressing the seal 60 against the junction end 54 of conduit 56.
  • the connecting devices 68 make it possible to jointly move the vault 16 and the riser 22, in particular when it is desired to replace the cooled panels 32.
  • the riser is connected to the vault by the straps 72 and the pins 78 and the pins 84 are removed connecting each fitting 76 to the corresponding tab 82.
  • the extension 22 is simply placed on the tank 12 and is attached to the roof 16 by the devices 68.
  • the riser 22 is jointly moved, which then makes it possible to pull the cooled panels 32 upwards from the tank, using lifting means of known type.
  • the extension 22 only has a single chamber 22C for the circulation of a cooling liquid.
  • the extension 22 includes a resilient metal membrane 86 disposed at the junction area of the extension 22 with the peripheral edge 43 of the arch 16.
  • the metal membrane 86 is fixed to the extension 22 by means of known type.
  • the metal membrane 86 is liable to deform under the effect of the pressure of the cooling liquid circulating in the chamber 22C.
  • the metal membrane 86 is slightly curved towards the interior of the chamber 22C as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the metal membrane 86 is deformed so as to be applied against the edge 43 of the arch 16 while being curved towards the outside of the riser 22, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the surface 40 of the extension 22 has a generally frustoconical shape and the flexibility of the membrane allows the latter to adapt as best as possible to the toric surface of the edge 43, in the event of slight deformations thereof. .
  • FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the riser 22.
  • the riser 22 has a section along an axial plane of the tank in the shape of a right triangle.
  • the surface 38 of the riser oriented towards the inside of the tank is substantially vertical, and the surface 40 of the riser oriented towards the outside of the tank is substantially frustoconical.
  • the toric surface 44 of the edge 43 of the roof rests on the frustoconical surface 38 of the riser oriented towards the inside of the tank.
  • an extension 22 having a substantially semi-circular section in an axial plane of the tank.
  • the peripheral edge of the arch 16 rests on the toric surface 88 of the extension 22.
  • the extension 22 comprises a single chamber 22C for circulation of a coolant.
  • the peripheral edge 89 of the roof 16 comprises a skirt 90, the surface 92 of which in contact with the extension 22 is substantially frustoconical.
  • the surface 92 is carried by an imaginary cone, a generator C3 of which is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 7.
  • the top of this cone C3 is situated substantially below the peripheral edge 89 of the vault.
  • the peripheral edge 93 of the roof 16 comprises a skirt 94, the surface 96 of which in contact with the extension 22 is substantially frustoconical.
  • the surface 96 is carried by an imaginary cone of which there is shown, in phantom, a generator C4 in FIG. 8.
  • the top of this cone C4 is situated substantially above the peripheral edge 93 of the vault.
  • FIG. 8 also shows cradles 42 for guiding the vault 16 when it is placed on the riser 22.
  • the extension 22 may have come in one piece with the tank 12.
  • the cooling water circulation chambers of the riser and the peripheral edge of the arch can be omitted.
  • the devices connecting the vault to the riser and the devices connecting the riser to the tank can be eliminated or replaced by other equivalent devices.
  • the invention has many advantages.
  • the extension being delimited by frustoconical or toric external surfaces, there is no accumulation of material, in particular of scrap, on the edge of junction of the riser with the roof, when loading the oven.
  • the frustoconical and toric contiguous surfaces make it very easy to center the vault with respect to the axis of the oven bowl and optimize the seal between the riser and the vault.
  • the seal placed between the nozzle and the smoke extraction duct can be replaced quickly and often, which makes it possible to maintain a good seal at all times.

Abstract

This furnace (10) comprises a tank (12) which is closed by a floating arch (16) and sealing means (40, 44) between the arch (16) and the tank (12). These sealing means comprise two adjoining surfaces (40, 44), one of which is arranged on the peripheral edge (43) of the arch (16) and the other of which is arranged on the peripheral edge (21) of the tank (12). A first surface (44) is essentially toric and the second surface (40) is essentially frustoconical. The adjoining surfaces (40, 44) make possible the centring of the arch (16) in relation to the axis (X) of the tank (12). The peripheral edge (21) of the tank (12) comprises a raised part (22), on which one of the adjoining surfaces (40) is arranged. Application to the sealed closing of electric arc furnaces used in the iron and steel industry. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un four, notamment un four électrique de traitement de métal liquide.The present invention relates to an oven, in particular an electric furnace for processing liquid metal.

Elle s'applique en particulier aux fours électriques à arcs utilisés dans la sidérurgie pour élaborer des aciers.It applies in particular to electric arc furnaces used in the steel industry to produce steels.

On connaît déjà dans l'état de la technique un four comportant une cuve fermée par une voûte flottante.Already known in the prior art an oven comprising a tank closed by a floating vault.

La voûte flottante peut être levée et déplacée, afin d'effectuer le chargement du four, notamment avec de la ferraille. Lorsque le chargement est terminé, la voûte est remise en place sur le dessus de la cuve.The floating vault can be lifted and moved in order to load the oven, especially with scrap metal. When the loading is finished, the vault is replaced on top of the tank.

Pendant le fonctionnement du four, il apparaît des problèmes d'étanchéité entre la cuve et la voûte flottante.During the operation of the oven, sealing problems appear between the tank and the floating roof.

Il est connu d'assurer l'étanchéité entre la cuve et la voûte flottante au moyen d'un joint de sable disposé sur le bord de l'ouverture de la cuve. Or, du fait que la surface du sable conserve sa forme initiale lorsqu'on déplace la voûte flottante, le joint perd de son étanchéité lorsqu'on repose à nouveau la voûte sur la surface du sable qui ne s'adapte plus étroitement à la forme du contour périphérique de la voûte.It is known to seal between the tank and the floating vault by means of a sand seal placed on the edge of the opening of the tank. However, due to the fact that the surface of the sand retains its initial shape when the floating arch is moved, the joint loses its tightness when the arch is again placed on the surface of the sand which no longer adapts closely to the form of the peripheral contour of the arch.

On a donc proposé un dispositif d'étanchéité entre la cuve et la voûte flottante comprenant un matériau souple réfractaire disposé sur le bord de l'ouverture de la cuve. Ce matériau souple réfractaire retrouve sa forme initiale lorsque la voûte est soulevée.A sealing device has therefore been proposed between the tank and the floating roof comprising a flexible refractory material disposed on the edge of the opening of the tank. This flexible refractory material returns to its initial shape when the arch is raised.

Un tel dispositif d'étanchéité est décrit dans le document FR-A-2 665 756.Such a sealing device is described in document FR-A-2 665 756.

Dans ce dispositif d'étanchéité, les bords de jonction de la voûte flottante et de la cuve sont délimités par des surfaces sensiblement planes et horizontales. Or, le contact plan sur plan est défavorable à l'étanchéité. De plus, lors du chargement de la cuve des ferrailles se déposent sur le bord plan de l'ouverture de la cuve, ce qui nuit à l'étanchéité du four lorsque la voûte est replacée sur la cuve.In this sealing device, the junction edges of the floating vault and the tank are delimited by substantially flat and horizontal surfaces. However, the plan-to-plan contact is unfavorable for sealing. In addition, when loading the scrap tank are deposited on the flat edge of the opening of the tank, which affects the tightness of the oven when the vault is replaced on the tank.

L'invention a pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients et d'améliorer l'étanchéité entre la cuve et la voûte flottante d'un four, en particulier d'un four électrique utilisé dans la sidérurgie.The object of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks and to improve the seal between the tank and the floating roof of an oven, in particular an electric oven used in the steel industry.

A cet effet l'invention a pour objet un four, notamment un four électrique de traitement de métal liquide, comportant une cuve fermée par une voûte flottante et des moyens d'étanchéité entre la voûte et la cuve, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'étanchéité comprennent deux surfaces jointives en contact direct agencées l'une sur le bord périphérique de la voûte et l'autre sur le bord périphérique de la cuve, une première surface étant sensiblement torique et la seconde surface étant sensiblement tronconique.To this end, the subject of the invention is an oven, in particular an electric furnace for processing liquid metal, comprising a tank closed by a floating vault and sealing means between the vault and the tank, characterized in that the means d 'sealing include two contiguous surfaces in direct contact arranged one on the peripheral edge of the vault and the other on the peripheral edge of the tank, a first surface being substantially toric and the second surface being substantially frustoconical.

Suivant d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention:

  • le bord périphérique de la cuve comporte une rehausse amovible sur laquelle est agencée la surface jointive de contact de la cuve ;
  • la base de la rehausse comporte une jupe annulaire enfoncée dans du sable contenu dans un canal circulaire de la cuve, la jupe et le sable formant joint d'étanchéité entre la cuve et la rehausse ;
  • la rehausse comporte au moins une chambre annulaire de circulation d'un liquide de refroidissement;
  • la rehausse comporte deux chambres annulaires dans lesquelles du liquide de refroidissement circule dans des sens opposés ;
  • la rehausse comporte une membrane métallique élastique disposée dans la zone de jonction de la rehausse avec le bord périphérique de la voûte, la membrane étant déformée sous l'effet de la pression du liquide de refroidissement pour être appliquée contre le bord périphérique de la voûte ;
  • le bord périphérique de la voûte comporte une chambre annulaire de circulation d'un liquide de refroidissement ;
  • le four comporte des moyens de liaison amovibles reliant la voûte et la rehausse ;
  • le four comporte des moyens de liaison amovibles reliant la cuve et la rehausse, permettant le soulèvement de la rehausse conjointement avec la voûte.
According to other characteristics of the invention:
  • the peripheral edge of the tank has a removable riser on which the contiguous contact surface of the tank is arranged;
  • the base of the riser comprises an annular skirt embedded in sand contained in a circular channel of the tank, the skirt and the sand forming a seal between the tank and the riser;
  • the extension comprises at least one annular chamber for circulation of a cooling liquid;
  • the extension comprises two annular chambers in which coolant circulates in opposite directions;
  • the riser comprises an elastic metal membrane disposed in the junction zone of the riser with the peripheral edge of the vault, the membrane being deformed under the effect of the pressure of the coolant to be applied against the peripheral edge of the vault;
  • the peripheral edge of the vault comprises an annular chamber for circulation of a cooling liquid;
  • the oven has removable connecting means connecting the roof and the riser;
  • the oven has removable connecting means connecting the tank and the riser, allowing the raising of the riser jointly with the vault.

Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention :

  • la surface sensiblement tronconique est agencée sur le bord périphérique de la cuve et la surface sensiblement torique est agencée sur le bord périphérique de la voûte ;
  • la surface sensiblement tronconique est portée par un cône imaginaire de sommet situé sensiblement au-dessus du bord périphérique de la cuve ou bien la surface sensiblement tronconique est portée par un cône imaginaire de sommet situé sensiblement en-dessous du bord périphérique de la cuve.
According to one embodiment of the invention:
  • the substantially frustoconical surface is arranged on the peripheral edge of the tank and the substantially toroidal surface is arranged on the peripheral edge of the arch;
  • the substantially frustoconical surface is carried by an imaginary cone of apex situated substantially above the peripheral edge of the tank or else the substantially frustoconical surface is carried by an imaginary cone of apex located substantially below the peripheral edge of the tank.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention:

  • la surface sensiblement tronconique est agencée sur le bord périphérique de la voûte et la surface sensiblement torique est agencée sur le bord périphérique de la cuve ;
  • la surface sensiblement tronconique est portée par un cône imaginaire de sommet situé sensiblement au-dessus du bord périphérique de la voûte, ou bien la surface sensiblement tronconique est portée par un cône imaginaire de sommet situé sensiblement en-dessous du bord périphérique de la voûte.
According to another embodiment of the invention:
  • the substantially frustoconical surface is arranged on the peripheral edge of the vault and the substantially toroidal surface is arranged on the peripheral edge of the tank;
  • the substantially frustoconical surface is carried by an imaginary cone at the apex situated substantially above the peripheral edge of the vault, or else the substantially frustoconical surface is carried by an imaginary cone at the apex situated substantially below the peripheral edge of the vault.

Selon encore d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention:

  • le bord périphérique de la cuve comporte des saillies radiales de stabilisation horizontale de la voûte lors de sa mise en place, agencées sur le pourtour extérieur de la cuve sensiblement dans un même plan transversal par rapport à l'axe de la cuve ;
  • la voûte comporte une buse d'évacuation des fumées reliée à un conduit d'aspiration des fumées par des moyens d'étanchéité comprenant un joint en matériau souple réfractaire porté par l'extrémité de jonction de la buse avec le conduit et appliqué contre l'extrémité de jonction du conduit avec la buse, les extrémités de jonction de la buse et du conduit étant positionnées l'une en regard de l'autre lorsque la voûte est mise en place sur la cuve ;
  • le joint comprend une corde tressée en fibre de verre ;
  • le joint est fixé par des attaches amovibles dans un canal périphérique de l'extrémité de jonction de la buse ;
  • les extrémités de jonction respectivement de la buse et du conduit sont munies de chambres périphériques de circulation d'un liquide de refroidissement.
According to still other characteristics of the invention:
  • the peripheral edge of the tank has radial projections for horizontal stabilization of the vault during its installation, arranged on the outer periphery of the tank substantially in the same transverse plane relative to the axis of the tank;
  • the vault comprises a smoke evacuation nozzle connected to a smoke suction duct by sealing means comprising a seal made of flexible refractory material carried by the junction end of the nozzle with the duct and applied against the junction end of the duct with the nozzle, the junction ends of the nozzle and the duct being positioned opposite one another when the arch is placed on the tank;
  • the joint includes a braided fiberglass cord;
  • the seal is fixed by removable fasteners in a peripheral channel of the junction end of the nozzle;
  • the junction ends of the nozzle and of the conduit respectively are provided with peripheral chambers for circulation of a cooling liquid.

Des exemples de réalisation de l'invention seront décrits ci-dessous en se référant aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une demi-vue en élévation en coupe axiale d'un four selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue partielle en coupe axiale, suivant un autre plan que celui de la figure 1, du four de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue de détail, suivant une coupe similaire à celle de la figure 1, montrant une rehausse de la cuve suivant un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, la rehausse comportant une membrane élastique hors pression ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue similaire à la figure 3, dans laquelle la membrane élastique est sous pression;
  • les figures 5 à 8 sont des vues de détail suivant des coupes similaires à celles de la figure 1, montrant différents modes de réalisation des bords périphériques de la voûte et de la cuve d'un four selon l'invention.
Examples of embodiments of the invention will be described below with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a half elevational view in axial section of an oven according to a first embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a partial view in axial section, along a plane other than that of Figure 1, of the oven of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a detail view, in a section similar to that of Figure 1, showing an extension of the tank according to a second embodiment of the invention, the extension comprising an elastic membrane without pressure;
  • Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3, in which the elastic membrane is under pressure;
  • Figures 5 to 8 are detailed views along sections similar to those of Figure 1, showing different embodiments of the peripheral edges of the roof and the tank of an oven according to the invention.

On voit sur la figure 1 un four électrique à arcs suivant un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, désigné par la référence générale 10. Ce four 10 est utilisé par exemple dans la sidérurgie pour l'élaboration d'aciers.FIG. 1 shows an electric arc furnace according to a first embodiment of the invention, designated by the general reference 10. This furnace 10 is used for example in the steel industry for the production of steels.

Le four 10 comporte une cuve 12, contenant du métal liquide 14, fermée dans sa partie supérieure par une voûte flottante 16.The oven 10 comprises a tank 12, containing liquid metal 14, closed in its upper part by a floating vault 16.

La cuve 12 comporte un fond 17 et une virole 18 sensiblement cylindrique, d'axe X. La paroi de la cuve 12 comporte une carcasse métallique 19 revêtue sur sa surface interne d'un matériau réfractaire 20.The tank 12 has a bottom 17 and a substantially cylindrical shell 18, of axis X. The wall of the tank 12 has a metal carcass 19 coated on its internal surface with a refractory material 20.

Le bord périphérique 21 de la cuve 12 est délimité par une rehausse annulaire 22 amovible en appui sur le bord supérieur de la virole 18. La rehausse 22 est accrochée sur la cuve 12 par des dispositifs qui sont montrés plus en détail à la figure 2 et qui seront décrits ultérieurement.The peripheral edge 21 of the tank 12 is delimited by a removable annular extension 22 bearing on the upper edge of the ferrule 18. The extension 22 is hung on the tank 12 by devices which are shown in more detail in FIG. 2 and which will be described later.

La rehausse 22 est délimitée par des parois métalliques et peut être constituée d'un seul élément annulaire, comme représenté sur la figure 1, ou de plusieurs éléments jointifs formant des secteurs.The extension 22 is delimited by metal walls and can consist of a single annular element, as shown in FIG. 1, or of several contiguous elements forming sectors.

Le bord supérieur de la carcasse métallique 19 comporte un canal 28 circulaire rempli de sable 30.The upper edge of the metal carcass 19 has a circular channel 28 filled with sand 30.

La paroi interne de la virole 18 comporte, dans sa partie située au-dessus du niveau de métal liquide 14, des panneaux refroidis 32. Ces panneaux 32 ont une forme générale de caisson et contiennent un liquide de refroidissement, par exemple, de l'eau.The internal wall of the ferrule 18 comprises, in its part located above the level of liquid metal 14, cooled panels 32. These panels 32 have a shape box and contain coolant, for example, water.

Les panneaux 32 sont fixés dans la cuve 12 par des moyens connus, et peuvent être retirés de la cuve en les soulevant vers le haut, en considérant la figure 1, après avoir enlevé la rehausse 22, comme on le décrira ultérieurement.The panels 32 are fixed in the tank 12 by known means, and can be removed from the tank by lifting them upwards, considering FIG. 1, after removing the riser 22, as will be described later.

La rehausse 22 comporte deux chambres de refroidissement annulaires 22A,22B, disposées l'une au-dessus de l'autre. Ces chambres 22A,22B contiennent un liquide de refroidissement, par exemple de l'eau, circulant dans les chambres suivant des sens opposés.The riser 22 includes two annular cooling chambers 22A, 22B, arranged one above the other. These chambers 22A, 22B contain a cooling liquid, for example water, circulating in the chambers in opposite directions.

Les chambres annulaires 22A,22B sont reliées à des circuits d'alimentation en liquide de refroidissement, de type connu, non représentés sur les figures.The annular chambers 22A, 22B are connected to cooling liquid supply circuits, of known type, not shown in the figures.

On voit sur la figure 1 que la rehausse 22 a une section sensiblement triangulaire dans un plan axial de la cuve contenant l'axe X.It can be seen in FIG. 1 that the extension 22 has a substantially triangular section in an axial plane of the tank containing the axis X.

Le bord supérieur de la virole 18 et la base 34 de la rehausse s'appuyant sur ce bord, ont une forme sensiblement plane.The upper edge of the ferrule 18 and the base 34 of the extension bearing on this edge have a substantially planar shape.

Les surfaces inclinées 38,40 de la rehausse 22 ont une forme générale sensiblement tronconique.The inclined surfaces 38, 40 of the extension 22 have a generally substantially frustoconical shape.

Une première surface inclinée 38, orientée vers l'intérieur de la cuve, est portée par un cône imaginaire dont on a représenté, en traits mixtes, une génératrice C1 sur la figure 1. Le sommet de ce cône C1 est situé sous le bord périphérique 21 de la cuve 12.A first inclined surface 38, oriented towards the inside of the tank, is carried by an imaginary cone of which there is shown, in phantom, a generator C1 in FIG. 1. The top of this cone C1 is located under the peripheral edge 21 of tank 12.

La seconde surface inclinée 40, orientée vers l'extérieur de la cuve 12, est portée par un cône imaginaire dont on a représenté, en traits mixtes, une génératrice C2 sur la figure 1. Le sommet de ce cône C2 est situé au-dessus du bord périphérique 21 de la cuve 12.The second inclined surface 40, oriented towards the outside of the tank 12, is carried by an imaginary cone of which there has been shown, in phantom, a generator C2 in FIG. 1. The top of this cone C2 is located above from the peripheral edge 21 of the tank 12.

La rehausse 22 comporte une jupe annulaire 39, solidaire de sa base 34, faisant saillie perpendiculairement à cette base. La jupe 39 est enfoncée dans le sable 30 de façon à former un joint d'étanchéité entre la virole 18 et la rehausse 22.The extension 22 includes an annular skirt 39, integral with its base 34, projecting perpendicularly at this base. The skirt 39 is pressed into the sand 30 so as to form a seal between the ferrule 18 and the extension 22.

La voûte 16 comporte un bord périphérique 43 en appui sur la rehausse 22.The arch 16 has a peripheral edge 43 bearing on the extension 22.

On voit sur la figure 1 que le bord 43 de la voûte comporte une chambre annulaire 43A de circulation d'un liquide de refroidissement, par exemple de l'eau. La chambre 43A est reliée à un circuit d'alimentation en liquide de refroidissement, de type connu.It can be seen in FIG. 1 that the edge 43 of the roof has an annular chamber 43A for circulation of a cooling liquid, for example water. The chamber 43A is connected to a cooling liquid supply circuit, of known type.

La chambre 43A peut éventuellement former un collecteur de liquide de refroidissement raccordé à des conduits radiaux de refroidissement, non représentés sur les figures, agencés dans la voûte 16.The chamber 43A can possibly form a coolant collector connected to radial cooling conduits, not shown in the figures, arranged in the roof 16.

Le bord 43 de la voûte 16 est délimité par une surface externe sensiblement torique 44. Cette surface 44 est en contact direct avec la surface sensiblement tronconique 40 de la rehausse 22.The edge 43 of the arch 16 is delimited by a substantially toric external surface 44. This surface 44 is in direct contact with the substantially frustoconical surface 40 of the extension 22.

Les surfaces jointives 40,44 assurent l'étanchéité entre la voûte 16 et la cuve 12.The contiguous surfaces 40, 44 ensure the seal between the roof 16 and the tank 12.

Afin d'assurer au moment de la mise en place de la voûte 16 sur la cuve 12 une bonne stabilisation horizontale de cette voûte 16 par rapport à la rehausse 22, cette dernière comporte des saillies radiales 45 ou berceaux réparties sur son pourtour extérieur, sensiblement dans un même plan transversal par rapport à l'axe X de la cuve 12. Les extrémités libres des berceaux 45 sont recourbées vers le haut de la cuve 12.In order to ensure at the time of the installation of the vault 16 on the tank 12 a good horizontal stabilization of this vault 16 relative to the extension 22, the latter comprises radial projections 45 or cradles distributed around its outer periphery, substantially in the same transverse plane with respect to the axis X of the tank 12. The free ends of the cradles 45 are bent towards the top of the tank 12.

Sur la figure 1, on a représenté un seul berceau 45. De préférence, la rehausse 22 comporte quatre berceaux 45 espacés entre eux de 90° suivant son pourtour extérieur.In Figure 1, there is shown a single cradle 45. Preferably, the extension 22 includes four cradles 45 spaced apart by 90 ° along its outer periphery.

De façon classique, la voûte 16 comporte trois orifices à travers lesquels sont disposées des électrodes verticales, non représentées sur les dessins, et un quatrième orifice 46 pour l'évacuation des fumées contenues dans le four.Conventionally, the vault 16 has three orifices through which are disposed vertical electrodes, not shown in the drawings, and a fourth orifice 46 for the evacuation of the fumes contained in the oven.

L'orifice 46 est relié à une buse 48, solidaire de la voûte 16, faisant saillie à l'extérieur du four.The orifice 46 is connected to a nozzle 48, integral with the roof 16, projecting outside the furnace.

La buse 48 est fixée sur la voûte 16 du four par un moyen connu, par exemple par un cordon de soudure 50.The nozzle 48 is fixed to the roof 16 of the oven by known means, for example by a weld bead 50.

L'extrémité libre 52 de la buse 48 est raccordée à une extrémité 54 d'un conduit 56 relié à des moyens d'aspiration des fumées du four de type connu, non représentés sur les figures. La section de la buse 48 et du conduit 56 est sensiblement rectangulaire.The free end 52 of the nozzle 48 is connected to one end 54 of a duct 56 connected to smoke extraction means of the known type, not shown in the figures. The section of the nozzle 48 and of the conduit 56 is substantially rectangular.

Des moyens 58 d'étanchéité sont disposés entre les extrémités de jonction 52,56 de la buse 48 et du conduit 56.Sealing means 58 are arranged between the junction ends 52, 56 of the nozzle 48 and the conduit 56.

Les moyens 58 comprennent un joint 60 en matériau souple réfractaire recouvrant sensiblement sa forme initiale après avoir été comprimé. Le joint 60 est logé partiellement dans un canal 62 porté par l'extrémité de jonction 52 de la buse. Le canal 62 a une forme sensiblement rectangulaire et s'étend suivant le contour de l'extrémité de jonction 52 de la buse.The means 58 comprise a seal 60 of flexible refractory material substantially covering its initial shape after being compressed. The seal 60 is partially housed in a channel 62 carried by the junction end 52 of the nozzle. The channel 62 has a substantially rectangular shape and extends along the contour of the junction end 52 of the nozzle.

Le joint 60 est fixé dans le canal 62 au moyen d'attaches amovibles 64, de type connu, traversant de part en part les parois latérales du canal 62 et le joint 60.The seal 60 is fixed in the channel 62 by means of removable fasteners 64, of known type, passing right through the side walls of the channel 62 and the seal 60.

Le joint 60 fait saillie à l'extérieur du canal 62 de façon à être en contact étanche contre l'extrémité de jonction 54 du conduit 56.The seal 60 projects outside the channel 62 so as to be in sealed contact against the junction end 54 of the conduit 56.

Dans l'exemple décrit le joint 60 comprend une corde tressée en fibres de verre de section sensiblement rectangulaire.In the example described, the seal 60 comprises a rope braided in glass fibers of substantially rectangular section.

Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 1, les extrémités de jonction 52,54 de la buse et du conduit comportent des chambres 52A, 54A sensiblement annulaires, destinées à la circulation d'un liquide de refroidissement, par exemple de l'eau. Les chambres 52A,54A sont reliées à un circuit de refroidissement de type connu, non représenté sur les figures.As can be seen in FIG. 1, the junction ends 52, 54 of the nozzle and of the duct include chambers 52A, 54A which are substantially annular, intended for the circulation of a coolant, for example water. The chambers 52A, 54A are connected to a cooling circuit of known type, not shown in the figures.

Le conduit 56 comporte des moyens de déplacement en translation horizontale, non représentés sur les figures, destinés à le rapprocher ou à l'écarter de l'extrémité de jonction 52 de la buse.The conduit 56 comprises means for moving in horizontal translation, not shown in the figures, intended to bring it closer or to move it away from the junction end 52 of the nozzle.

On a représenté sur la figure 2 un dispositif 66 reliant entre elles la cuve 12, la rehausse 22 et la voûte 16.FIG. 2 shows a device 66 connecting the tank 12, the extension 22 and the roof 16 together.

Le four 10 comporte plusieurs dispositifs 66, par exemple au nombre de quatre, régulièrement espacés suivant le pourtour du four.The oven 10 comprises several devices 66, for example four in number, regularly spaced along the periphery of the oven.

Le dispositif 66 comporte un dispositif 68 de liaison reliant entre elles la voûte 16 et la rehausse 22 et un dispositif 70 de liaison reliant entre elles la rehausse 22 et la cuve 12.The device 66 comprises a connecting device 68 connecting the vault 16 and the riser 22 to one another and a connecting device 70 connecting the riser 22 and the tank 12 to each other.

Le dispositif 68 comporte une bretelle 72 reliant une nervure radiale 74 solidaire de la voûte 16 à une ferrure 76, solidaire de la rehausse 22, s'étendant radialement à l'extérieur de la cuve 12. Les extrémités de la bretelle 72 sont reliées, l'une à la nervure 74 et l'autre à la ferrure 76, au moyen de goupilles amovibles 78,80.The device 68 comprises a strap 72 connecting a radial rib 74 secured to the roof 16 to a fitting 76, secured to the extension 22, extending radially outside the tank 12. The ends of the strap 72 are connected, one to the rib 74 and the other to the fitting 76, by means of removable pins 78.80.

Le dispositif 70 comporte une patte radiale 82, solidaire de la cuve 12, faisant saillie à l'extérieur de cette dernière, reliée par une goupille amovible 84 à une extrémité recourbée de la ferrure 76.The device 70 comprises a radial tab 82, integral with the tank 12, projecting outside the latter, connected by a removable pin 84 to a curved end of the fitting 76.

On décrira maintenant le déplacement de la voûte flottante 16, par exemple, en vue du chargement de la cuve 12.We will now describe the displacement of the floating vault 16, for example, with a view to loading the tank 12.

Dans un premier temps, on déplace le conduit 56 d'aspiration des fumées de façon à l'écarter de l'extrémité de jonction 52 de la buse 48.Firstly, the smoke suction duct 56 is moved so as to move it away from the junction end 52 of the nozzle 48.

Ensuite, on enlève les goupilles amovibles 78 des bretelles 72 de façon à libérer la voûte 16 de la rehausse 22, en rabattant les bretelles 72 par pivotement autour des goupilles 80.Then, the removable pins 78 are removed from the straps 72 so as to free the arch 16 from the riser 22, by folding the straps 72 by pivoting around the pins 80.

On déplace alors la voûte 16 en la soulevant par exemple au moyen d'une potence de levage.The arch 16 is then moved by lifting it, for example by means of a lifting bracket.

Une fois la voûte 16 déplacée, on peut effectuer le chargement de la cuve 12. La cuve 12 peut être chargée par exemple avec de la ferraille. La section triangulaire de la rehausse permet d'éviter que de la ferraille se dépose sur le bord périphérique de la cuve pendant le chargement.Once the roof 16 has been moved, the tank 12 can be loaded. The tank 12 can be loaded, for example, with scrap metal. The triangular section of the riser prevents scrap metal from settling on the peripheral edge of the tank during loading.

On décrira maintenant la mise en place de la voûte flottante 16 sur la cuve 12.We will now describe the installation of the floating vault 16 on the tank 12.

On déplace la voûte flottante 16 de façon à l'amener au droit de la rehausse 22.The floating vault 16 is moved so as to bring it in line with the riser 22.

Sous l'effet du poids de la voûte 16 et grâce aux berceaux 45 de stabilisation horizontale, la surface torique 44 du bord 43 de la voûte s'emboîte sur la surface 40 tronconique de la rehausse 22.Under the effect of the weight of the arch 16 and thanks to the cradles 45 for horizontal stabilization, the toric surface 44 of the edge 43 of the arch fits onto the frustoconical surface 40 of the extension 22.

La surface tronconique 40 coopérant avec la surface torique 44 assure un bon centrage de la voûte 16 par rapport à l'axe X de la cuve 12.The frustoconical surface 40 cooperating with the toric surface 44 ensures good centering of the vault 16 relative to the axis X of the tank 12.

Lorsque la voûte 16 est en appui sur la rehausse 22, le lieu de contact de la surface torique 44 et de la surface tronconique 40 délimite à peu près une ligne circulaire. La pression de contact sur cette ligne circulaire est élevée, ce qui permet d'obtenir une jonction étanche entre la voûte 16 et la cuve 12.When the vault 16 is supported on the riser 22, the place of contact of the toric surface 44 and the frustoconical surface 40 roughly defines a circular line. The contact pressure on this circular line is high, which makes it possible to obtain a sealed junction between the roof 16 and the tank 12.

Dans cette configuration, l'extrémité de jonction 52 de la buse 48 est sensiblement en regard de l'extrémité de jonction 54 du conduit 56. De plus, les berceaux 45 sont espacés en hauteur du bord 43 de la voûte par un faible jeu.In this configuration, the junction end 52 of the nozzle 48 is substantially opposite the junction end 54 of the duct 56. In addition, the cradles 45 are spaced apart in height from the edge 43 of the roof by a slight clearance.

Le conduit 56 d'aspiration des fumées est ensuite déplacé pour être mis en contact avec le joint d'étanchéité 60 porté par la buse 48. L'étanchéité entre la buse 48 et le conduit 56 est assurée en comprimant le joint 60 contre l'extrémité de jonction 54 du conduit 56.The smoke suction duct 56 is then moved to be brought into contact with the seal 60 carried by the nozzle 48. The seal between the nozzle 48 and the duct 56 is ensured by compressing the seal 60 against the junction end 54 of conduit 56.

Les dispositifs de liaison 68 permettent de déplacer conjointement la voûte 16 et la rehausse 22, en particulier lorsqu'on souhaite remplacer les panneaux refroidis 32.The connecting devices 68 make it possible to jointly move the vault 16 and the riser 22, in particular when it is desired to replace the cooled panels 32.

Dans ce cas, avant le soulèvement de la voûte 16 par des moyens habituels, on relie la rehausse à la voûte par les bretelles 72 et les goupilles 78 et on enlève les goupilles 84 reliant chaque ferrure 76 à la patte correspondante 82. De cette façon, la rehausse 22 est simplement posée sur la cuve 12 et est accrochée à la voûte 16 par les dispositifs 68.In this case, before raising the vault 16 by usual means, the riser is connected to the vault by the straps 72 and the pins 78 and the pins 84 are removed connecting each fitting 76 to the corresponding tab 82. In this way , the extension 22 is simply placed on the tank 12 and is attached to the roof 16 by the devices 68.

En déplaçant la voûte 16, on déplace conjointement la rehausse 22 ce qui permet ensuite de tirer vers le haut de la cuve les panneaux refroidis 32, en utilisant des moyens de levage de type connu.By moving the vault 16, the riser 22 is jointly moved, which then makes it possible to pull the cooled panels 32 upwards from the tank, using lifting means of known type.

On a représenté sur les figures 3 et 4 une rehausse 22 selon un second mode de réalisation de l'invention.There is shown in Figures 3 and 4 an extension 22 according to a second embodiment of the invention.

Dans ce cas, la rehausse 22 ne comporte qu'une seule chambre 22C de circulation d'un liquide de refroidissement. De plus, à la différence du mode de réalisation précédant, la rehausse 22 comporte une membrane métallique 86 élastique disposée au niveau de la zone de jonction de la rehausse 22 avec le bord périphérique 43 de la voûte 16.In this case, the extension 22 only has a single chamber 22C for the circulation of a cooling liquid. In addition, unlike the previous embodiment, the extension 22 includes a resilient metal membrane 86 disposed at the junction area of the extension 22 with the peripheral edge 43 of the arch 16.

La membrane métallique 86 est fixée sur la rehausse 22 par un moyen de type connu.The metal membrane 86 is fixed to the extension 22 by means of known type.

La membrane métallique 86 est susceptible de se déformer sous l'effet de la pression du liquide de refroidissement circulant dans la chambre 22C.The metal membrane 86 is liable to deform under the effect of the pressure of the cooling liquid circulating in the chamber 22C.

Lorsque la chambre 22C n'est pas alimentée en liquide refroidissement, la membrane métallique 86 est légèrement bombée vers l'intérieur de la chambre 22C comme cela est représenté à la figure 3.When the chamber 22C is not supplied with coolant, the metal membrane 86 is slightly curved towards the interior of the chamber 22C as shown in FIG. 3.

Lorsque la chambre 22C est alimentée par du liquide de refroidissement sous pression, la membrane métallique 86 se déforme de façon à être appliquée contre le bord 43 de la voûte 16 en étant bombée vers l'extérieur de la rehausse 22, comme cela est représenté à la figure 4.When the chamber 22C is supplied with pressurized coolant, the metal membrane 86 is deformed so as to be applied against the edge 43 of the arch 16 while being curved towards the outside of the riser 22, as shown in Figure 4.

De cette façon, la surface 40 de la rehausse 22, a une forme générale tronconique et la souplesse de la membrane permet à cette dernière de s'adapter au mieux à la surface torique du bord 43, en cas de légères déformations de celui-ci.In this way, the surface 40 of the extension 22, has a generally frustoconical shape and the flexibility of the membrane allows the latter to adapt as best as possible to the toric surface of the edge 43, in the event of slight deformations thereof. .

La figure 5 montre un autre mode de réalisation de la rehausse 22. Dans ce cas, la rehausse 22 a une section suivant un plan axial de la cuve en forme de triangle rectangle. La surface 38 de la rehausse orientée vers l'intérieur de la cuve est sensiblement verticale, et la surface 40 de la rehausse orientée vers l'extérieur de la cuve est sensiblement tronconique.FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the riser 22. In this case, the riser 22 has a section along an axial plane of the tank in the shape of a right triangle. The surface 38 of the riser oriented towards the inside of the tank is substantially vertical, and the surface 40 of the riser oriented towards the outside of the tank is substantially frustoconical.

On a représenté sur la figure 6 une rehausse 22 identique à celle de la figure 1 sur laquelle est posée une voûte 16 selon un autre mode de réalisation que celui des figures précédentes.There is shown in Figure 6 a riser 22 identical to that of Figure 1 on which is placed a vault 16 according to another embodiment than that of the previous figures.

Dans ce cas, la surface torique 44 du bord 43 de la voûte s'appuie sur la surface tronconique 38 de la rehausse orientée vers l'intérieur de la cuve.In this case, the toric surface 44 of the edge 43 of the roof rests on the frustoconical surface 38 of the riser oriented towards the inside of the tank.

On a représenté aux figures 7 et 8, une rehausse 22 ayant une section sensiblement semi-circulaire dans un plan axial de la cuve. Sur ces figures, le bord périphérique de la voûte 16 s'appuie sur la surface torique 88 de la rehausse 22. La rehausse 22 comporte une seule chambre 22C de circulation d'un liquide de refroidissement.There is shown in Figures 7 and 8, an extension 22 having a substantially semi-circular section in an axial plane of the tank. In these figures, the peripheral edge of the arch 16 rests on the toric surface 88 of the extension 22. The extension 22 comprises a single chamber 22C for circulation of a coolant.

Sur la figure 7, le bord périphérique 89 de la voûte 16 comporte une jupe 90 dont la surface 92 en contact avec la rehausse 22 est sensiblement tronconique. La surface 92 est portée par un cône imaginaire dont on a représenté, en traits mixtes, une génératrice C3 sur la figure 7. Le sommet de ce cône C3 est situé sensiblement au-dessous du bord périphérique 89 de la voûte.In FIG. 7, the peripheral edge 89 of the roof 16 comprises a skirt 90, the surface 92 of which in contact with the extension 22 is substantially frustoconical. The surface 92 is carried by an imaginary cone, a generator C3 of which is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 7. The top of this cone C3 is situated substantially below the peripheral edge 89 of the vault.

Sur la figure 8, le bord périphérique 93 de la voûte 16 comporte une jupe 94 dont la surface 96 en contact avec la rehausse 22 est sensiblement tronconique. La surface 96 est portée par un cône imaginaire dont on a représenté, en traits mixtes, une génératrice C4 sur la figure 8. Le sommet de ce cône C4 est situé sensiblement au-dessus du bord périphérique 93 de la voûte.In FIG. 8, the peripheral edge 93 of the roof 16 comprises a skirt 94, the surface 96 of which in contact with the extension 22 is substantially frustoconical. The surface 96 is carried by an imaginary cone of which there is shown, in phantom, a generator C4 in FIG. 8. The top of this cone C4 is situated substantially above the peripheral edge 93 of the vault.

On a également représenté sur la figure 8 des berceaux 42 pour le guidage de la voûte 16 lors de sa mise en place sur la rehausse 22.FIG. 8 also shows cradles 42 for guiding the vault 16 when it is placed on the riser 22.

L'invention ne se limite pas aux modes de réalisation décrits.The invention is not limited to the embodiments described.

La rehausse 22 peut être venue de matière avec la cuve 12.The extension 22 may have come in one piece with the tank 12.

Les chambres de circulation d'eau de refroidissement de la rehausse et du bord périphérique de la voûte peuvent être supprimées.The cooling water circulation chambers of the riser and the peripheral edge of the arch can be omitted.

De même, les dispositifs reliant la voûte à la rehausse et les dispositifs reliant la rehausse à la cuve peuvent être supprimés ou remplacés par d'autres dispositifs équivalents.Similarly, the devices connecting the vault to the riser and the devices connecting the riser to the tank can be eliminated or replaced by other equivalent devices.

L'invention comporte de nombreux avantages.The invention has many advantages.

La rehausse étant délimitée par des surfaces externes tronconiques ou toriques, il n'y a pas d'accumulation de matière, notamment de ferraille, sur le bord de jonction de la rehausse avec la voûte, lors du chargement du four.The extension being delimited by frustoconical or toric external surfaces, there is no accumulation of material, in particular of scrap, on the edge of junction of the riser with the roof, when loading the oven.

Les surfaces jointives tronconique et torique permettent de centrer très facilement la voûte par rapport à l'axe de la cuve du four et optimisent l'étanchéité entre la rehausse et la voûte.The frustoconical and toric contiguous surfaces make it very easy to center the vault with respect to the axis of the oven bowl and optimize the seal between the riser and the vault.

Le bon centrage de la voûte par rapport à la cuve du four permet d'améliorer l'étanchéité entre la buse d'évacuation des fumées portées par la voûte et le conduit d'aspiration des fumées, en assurant un positionnement précis des extrémités de jonction de cette buse et de ce conduit.Proper centering of the vault with respect to the oven tank improves the seal between the smoke evacuation nozzle carried by the vault and the smoke suction duct, ensuring precise positioning of the junction ends of this nozzle and this conduit.

Le joint disposé entre la buse et le conduit d'aspiration des fumées peut être remplacé rapidement et souvent ce qui permet de conserver à tout moment une bonne étanchéité.The seal placed between the nozzle and the smoke extraction duct can be replaced quickly and often, which makes it possible to maintain a good seal at all times.

Claims (13)

1) Four, notamment four électrique de traitement de métal liquide, comportant une cuve (12) fermée par une voûte flottante (16) et des moyens d'étanchéité (38;40;88;44;92;96) entre la voûte (16) et la cuve (12), caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'étanchéité comprennent deux surfaces jointives (38;40;88;44;92;96) en contact direct agencées l'une sur le bord périphérique (43;89;93) de la voûte et l'autre sur le bord périphérique (21) de la cuve, une première surface (44;88) étant sensiblement torique et la seconde surface (38;40;92;96) étant sensiblement tronconique. 1) Oven, in particular an electric furnace for treating liquid metal, comprising a tank (12) closed by a floating vault (16) and sealing means (38; 40; 88; 44; 92; 96) between the vault ( 16) and the tank (12), characterized in that the sealing means comprise two contiguous surfaces (38; 40; 88; 44; 92; 96) in direct contact arranged one on the peripheral edge (43; 89 ; 93) of the roof and the other on the peripheral edge (21) of the tank, a first surface (44; 88) being substantially toroidal and the second surface (38; 40; 92; 96) being substantially frustoconical. 2) Four selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le bord périphérique (21) de la cuve (12) comporte une rehausse amovible (22) sur laquelle est agencée la surface de contact (38;40;88) de la cuve. 2) Oven according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral edge (21) of the tank (12) comprises a removable riser (22) on which is arranged the contact surface (38; 40; 88) of the tank. 3) Four selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la base (34) de la rehausse comporte une jupe annulaire (39) enfoncée dans du sable (30) contenu dans un canal circulaire (28) de la cuve (12), la jupe (39) et le sable (30) formant joint d'étanchéité entre la cuve et la rehausse. 3) Oven according to claim 2, characterized in that the base (34) of the extension comprises an annular skirt (39) embedded in sand (30) contained in a circular channel (28) of the tank (12), the skirt (39) and the sand (30) forming a seal between the tank and the riser. 4) Four selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que la rehausse (22) comporte au moins une chambre annulaire (22A,22B;22C) de circulation d'un liquide de refroidissement. 4) Oven according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the extension (22) comprises at least one annular chamber (22A, 22B; 22C) for circulation of a cooling liquid. 5) Four selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la rehausse (22) comporte une membrane métallique (86) élastique disposée dans la zone de jonction de la rehausse (22) avec la bord périphérique (43) de la voûte, la membrane (86) étant déformée sous l'effet de la pression du liquide de refroidissement pour être appliquée contre le bord périphérique (43) de la voûte. 5) Oven according to claim 4, characterized in that the extension (22) comprises a metal membrane (86) elastic disposed in the region of junction of the extension (22) with the peripheral edge (43) of the roof, the membrane (86) being deformed under the effect of the pressure of the coolant to be applied against the peripheral edge (43) of the roof. 6) Four selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens (68) de liaison amovibles reliant la voûte (16) et la rehausse (22), permettant le soulèvement de la rehausse conjointement avec la voûte. 6) Oven according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that it comprises removable connecting means (68) connecting the roof (16) and the extension (22), allowing the raising of the extension jointly with the vault. 7) Four selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de liaison amovibles reliant la cuve (12) et la rehausse (22). 7) Oven according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that it comprises removable connecting means connecting the tank (12) and the extension (22). 8) Four selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la surface (38;40) sensiblement tronconique est agencée sur le bord périphérique (21) de la cuve (12) et en ce que la surface (44) sensiblement torique est agencée sur le bord périphérique (43) de la voûte (16). 8) Oven according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the substantially frustoconical surface (38; 40) is arranged on the peripheral edge (21) of the tank (12) and in that the surface (44 ) substantially toroidal is arranged on the peripheral edge (43) of the arch (16). 9) Four selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la surface (40) sensiblement tronconique est portée par un cône imaginaire de sommet situé sensiblement au-dessus du bord périphérique de la cuve (12). 9) Oven according to claim 8, characterized in that the surface (40) substantially frustoconical is carried by an imaginary cone of apex located substantially above the peripheral edge of the tank (12). 10) Four selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la surface (92;96) sensiblement tronconique est agencée sur le bord périphérique (89;93) de la voûte (16) et en ce que la surface (88) sensiblement torique est agencée sur le bord périphérique (21) de la cuve (12). 10) Oven according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the substantially frustoconical surface (92; 96) is arranged on the peripheral edge (89; 93) of the vault (16) and in that the surface (88) substantially toroidal is arranged on the peripheral edge (21) of the tank (12). 11) Four selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le bord périphérique (21) de la cuve (12) comporte des saillies (45) radiales de stabilisation horizontale de la voûte lors de sa mise en place, agencées sur le pourtour extérieur de la cuve (12) sensiblement dans un même plan transversal par rapport à l'axe de la cuve. 11) Oven according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the peripheral edge (21) of the tank (12) has projections (45) radial horizontal stabilization of the vault during its establishment, arranged on the outer periphery of the tank (12) substantially in the same transverse plane relative to the axis of the tank. 12) Four selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la voûte (16) comporte une buse (48) d'évacuation des fumées reliée à un conduit (56) d'aspiration des fumées par des moyens (58) d'étanchéité comprenant un joint (60) en matériau souple réfractaire porté par l'extrémité (52) de jonction de la buse avec le conduit et appliqué contre l'extrémité de jonction (54) du conduit avec la buse, les extrémités de jonction (52,54) de la buse (48) et du conduit (56) étant positionnées l'une en regard de l'autre lorsque la voûte (16) est mise en place sur la cuve. 12) Oven according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vault (16) comprises a nozzle (48) for evacuating the fumes connected to a duct (56) for extracting the fumes by means (58) sealing comprising a seal (60) of flexible refractory material carried by the end (52) of junction of the nozzle with the conduit and applied against the junction end (54) of the conduit with the nozzle, the junction ends (52,54) of the nozzle (48) and of the duct (56) being positioned opposite one another when the arch (16) is placed on the tank. 13) Four selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités de jonction (52,54) respectivement de la buse (48) et du conduit (56) sont munies de chambres (52A,54A) périphériques de circulation d'un liquide de refroidissement. 13) Oven according to claim 12, characterized in that the junction ends (52,54) respectively of the nozzle (48) and the duct (56) are provided with chambers (52A, 54A) peripheral circulation of a liquid cooling.
EP93470012A 1992-07-06 1993-06-11 Furnace, in particular electric furnace for the treatment of molten metal Withdrawn EP0578596A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9208327A FR2693261B1 (en) 1992-07-06 1992-07-06 Furnace, in particular electric furnace, for processing liquid metal.
FR9208327 1992-07-06

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EP0578596A1 true EP0578596A1 (en) 1994-01-12

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US (1) US5410565A (en)
EP (1) EP0578596A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH06213570A (en)
KR (1) KR940005939A (en)
AU (1) AU4171393A (en)
BR (1) BR9302762A (en)
CA (1) CA2099807A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2693261B1 (en)
HU (1) HUT68376A (en)
MX (1) MX9303997A (en)
PL (1) PL299393A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

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EP0699885A1 (en) * 1994-09-02 1996-03-06 ABB Management AG Furnace vessel for a direct current arc furnace

Families Citing this family (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5887017A (en) * 1996-09-27 1999-03-23 Ucar Carbon Technology Corporation Panelized spray-cooled furnace roof
ES2633466T3 (en) * 2009-03-31 2017-09-21 Sms Group S.P.A. Electric arc furnace
KR102077948B1 (en) * 2018-12-20 2020-02-14 현대제철 주식회사 Roof cooling device for electric furnace

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DE1020557B (en) * 1951-12-21 1957-12-05 Heinrich Braukmann Flue gas valve for furnaces of heavy ceramics
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US4630281A (en) * 1984-07-05 1986-12-16 Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Arc furnace with variable capacity
GB2226627A (en) * 1988-12-30 1990-07-04 Wurth Paul Sa Device for reducing the stresses on a sealing shutter
DE3939383A1 (en) * 1989-11-29 1991-06-06 Btf Edelstahlverarbeitung Gmbh Device for cooling sealing ring in cupola furnace - has seal in steel ring welded into base and surrounded on three sides by cooling canal
FR2665756A1 (en) * 1990-08-13 1992-02-14 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Device for sealing between a vessel (tank, shaft) and a floating roof (vault, arch) of an industrial furnace such as an electric furnace for processing liquid metal
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DE895300C (en) * 1942-08-20 1953-11-02 Mannesmann Huettenwerke A G Cooling device for furnace lids, especially for electric arc furnaces
DE1020557B (en) * 1951-12-21 1957-12-05 Heinrich Braukmann Flue gas valve for furnaces of heavy ceramics
DE2357488A1 (en) * 1973-11-17 1975-05-22 Still Fa Carl Coke oven door seal - has independently adjustable inner metal-to-metal seal and outer soft seal
US4630281A (en) * 1984-07-05 1986-12-16 Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Arc furnace with variable capacity
GB2226627A (en) * 1988-12-30 1990-07-04 Wurth Paul Sa Device for reducing the stresses on a sealing shutter
DE3939383A1 (en) * 1989-11-29 1991-06-06 Btf Edelstahlverarbeitung Gmbh Device for cooling sealing ring in cupola furnace - has seal in steel ring welded into base and surrounded on three sides by cooling canal
FR2665756A1 (en) * 1990-08-13 1992-02-14 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Device for sealing between a vessel (tank, shaft) and a floating roof (vault, arch) of an industrial furnace such as an electric furnace for processing liquid metal
EP0472146A1 (en) * 1990-08-24 1992-02-26 Thyssen Still Otto Anlagentechnik GmbH Apparatus for sealing the charging hole of a dry coke cooling plant

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0699885A1 (en) * 1994-09-02 1996-03-06 ABB Management AG Furnace vessel for a direct current arc furnace
US5719897A (en) * 1994-09-02 1998-02-17 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Furnace vessel for a direct current arc furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2693261A1 (en) 1994-01-07
AU4171393A (en) 1994-01-13
HU9301952D0 (en) 1993-09-28
BR9302762A (en) 1994-02-08
CA2099807A1 (en) 1994-01-07
JPH06213570A (en) 1994-08-02
MX9303997A (en) 1994-04-29
PL299393A1 (en) 1994-01-24
KR940005939A (en) 1994-03-22
US5410565A (en) 1995-04-25
FR2693261B1 (en) 1994-09-23
HUT68376A (en) 1995-06-28

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