EP0573957B1 - Dispositif pour l'usinage au jet abrasif de matériaux - Google Patents

Dispositif pour l'usinage au jet abrasif de matériaux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0573957B1
EP0573957B1 EP93109199A EP93109199A EP0573957B1 EP 0573957 B1 EP0573957 B1 EP 0573957B1 EP 93109199 A EP93109199 A EP 93109199A EP 93109199 A EP93109199 A EP 93109199A EP 0573957 B1 EP0573957 B1 EP 0573957B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
flow
section
nozzle element
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93109199A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0573957A1 (fr
Inventor
Günter Max Raml
Frank Löschmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0573957A1 publication Critical patent/EP0573957A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0573957B1 publication Critical patent/EP0573957B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/149—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material with separate inlets for a particulate material and a liquid to be sprayed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
    • B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for beam processing of materials according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Devices of this type are used, for example, as cleaning devices in the field of facade cleaning or monument conservation.
  • a mixture of air, water and abrasion particles for example sand
  • abrasion particles for example sand
  • relatively high pressure as a result of which the dirt particles adhering to the surface or rust and outer patina layers are removed from metal objects.
  • a problem with sandblasting is that there is often high water consumption, which increases the overall cost of the process.
  • high water consumption there are increased disposal problems, since the water enriched with dirt particles and possible additives must not get into the normal drain, but rather, for example, collected at the foot of the facade by means of suitable containers and in special facilities must be cleaned or reprocessed.
  • a blasting gun is known in which compressed air is used to generate a negative pressure within the blasting gun in order to suck in blasting material through an axially adjustable feed nozzle.
  • the cross section of the inflow openings for the compressed air is changed there by corresponding nozzle assemblies with different diameters.
  • a suction jet gun is known from CH-A-596 956, in which water is fed under pressure to a mixing chamber via a circumferential gap. The treatment agent is sucked in there by the negative pressure generated by the water.
  • the problem with this known device is that its service life is relatively short due to the high wear caused by friction.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a device according to the preamble of claim 1 which is as simple as possible to suit the respective conditions optimally adaptable admixture of the liquid over a wide setting range with the lowest possible liquid consumption and long service life of the device.
  • the amount of liquid is metered through the liquid inflow opening itself, so that upstream metering elements within the liquid supply line are dispensed with and the latter can be constructed very simply.
  • Another advantage is that the amount of liquid supplied can be adjusted over a wide range and very precisely, since the liquid inflow opening is immediately in front of the cavity in the direction of flow and there are no downstream elements or openings, the shape and size of the inflow conditions into the cavity determine.
  • the liquid inflow opening is designed as a circumferential gap, which enables a very simple manufacture of the liquid inflow opening and a uniform supply of the liquid into the cavity from all sides of the peripheral wall.
  • the liquid inflow opening is aligned in the region of its mouth parallel to the wall of the cavity lying behind the liquid inflow opening in the direction of flow of the blasting material.
  • the liquid supplied to the cavity is hereby deliberately guided along the circumferential wall of the cavity, so that a protective liquid layer forms between the wall of the cavity and the abrasion particles.
  • this layer of liquid the nozzle is significantly less worn by the abrasion particles, which increases its service life.
  • the liquid jacket protecting the peripheral wall of the cavity has a particularly advantageous effect on the life of the device when working at very high pressures. This is the case, for example, when the device is used for jet cutting materials, where, depending on the material to be cut, for example stone, steel, wood, fabrics or any other materials of all degrees of hardness, pressures of 1000 bar or more may be required.
  • the liquid jacket at least largely keeps the abrasion particles away from the peripheral wall of the cavity and considerably reduces the wear on the nozzle.
  • a nozzle element consists of a hollow-cylindrical insert part which is arranged to be axially movable within a nozzle shell, and the other nozzle element consists of a further hollow-cylindrical insert part which is immovably connected to the nozzle shell and which is arranged within the nozzle shell in alignment with the first insert part, the cavity inside the insert parts are designed.
  • the device according to the invention has, in addition to a high abrasion resistance to the blasting material, also a low weight, which improves the handling of the device.
  • only the insert parts can be replaced, while the nozzle jacket and the connection devices provided thereon can continue to be used.
  • flow guide elements are provided on at least one of the two walls of the nozzle elements delimiting the liquid inflow opening, in order to give the liquid flowing into the cavity a spiral flow direction around the central axis of the nozzle.
  • the jet emerging from the nozzle is thereby given a swirl with which the shape of the jet can be influenced in a favorable manner.
  • nozzle 1 shows a nozzle 1 with an elongated, hollow cylindrical nozzle jacket 2, in which two nozzle elements in the form of hollow cylindrical insert parts 3, 4 are provided.
  • the nozzle jacket is connected to a liquid inflow nozzle 5.
  • the nozzle jacket 2 has a continuous longitudinal bore 7, which is arranged centrally to its central axis 6, for receiving the insert parts 3, 4 and consists of a section 9 with an internal thread 8 with an enlarged diameter and a section 10 with a smaller diameter adjoining it in the direction of flow.
  • the two sections 9, 10 are connected to one another via a radial shoulder 11.
  • the insert parts 3, 4 are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction and in alignment with the central axis 6. They delimit with their inner circumferential walls a continuous cavity 12 which has an inlet opening 13 for abrasion particles, for example sand, at the inflow end and an outlet opening 14 for the blasting material at the outlet end.
  • the direction of flow of the abrasion particles entering via the inlet opening 13 is indicated by the arrow 15.
  • the insert part 3 which has the inlet opening 13 is inserted approximately up to the center of the nozzle shell 2 in its longitudinal bore 7 and is arranged to be axially movable therein.
  • the insert part 3 has a section 16 with an enlarged outer diameter, which carries an external thread 17 which can be screwed into the internal thread 8 of the nozzle casing 2.
  • the insert part 3 is provided with a downstream section 18 with a smaller diameter when viewed in the direction of flow, which section is guided axially displaceably within the section 10 of the longitudinal bore 7.
  • a lock nut 19 is screwed onto the section of the external part 17 of the insert part projecting beyond the end face of the nozzle casing 2, whereby the external thread 17 and the internal thread 8 of the nozzle casing 2 are braced against one another can be.
  • the insert 3 can be connected to a supply line (not shown) for the abrasion particles via an end region projecting axially via the lock nut 19.
  • the insert 4 lying in the flow direction behind the insert 3 consists of a tubular sleeve and is fixed within the section 10 of the longitudinal bore 7 by means of a screw, not shown, which is screwed into a radial threaded bore 20 of the nozzle casing 2 and against the outer peripheral wall of the insert 4 presses.
  • the insert parts 3, 4 are dimensioned such that the inside diameter of the insert part 4 is larger than the inside diameter of the insert part 3, but smaller than its outside diameter in an end section 21, which is adjacent to the insert part 4 and to the section 18 of the insert part 3 in the flow direction connects.
  • the insert part 3 is only screwed so far into the nozzle casing 2 that its end facing the insert part 4 still has a certain distance from the adjacent end region of the insert part 4, so that a circumferential, annular gap is present between the two insert parts 3, 4 represents a liquid inflow opening 22 for the liquid supplied via the liquid inflow nozzle 5.
  • the liquid inflow opening 22 is arcuate in longitudinal section and is delimited on the side of the insert 4 by a convex wall 23 which extends from the end of the insert 4 to the inner peripheral wall.
  • the liquid inflow opening 22 is delimited by a concave wall 24, which has approximately the same curvature as the convex wall 23 of the insert part 4 and is provided on the end of the end region 21 facing the insert part 4.
  • the liquid inflow opening 22 runs along and parallel to the inner peripheral wall of the insert part 4, so that the liquid flowing into the cavity 12 receives a flow direction which runs parallel to the inner peripheral wall of the insert part 4.
  • a liquid jacket is produced on this inner peripheral wall, which significantly reduces the wear of the insert 4 due to the blasting material.
  • the orientation of the liquid inflow opening 22 parallel to the circumferential wall can be effected in a simple manner by an axial projection 25 which connects to the concave wall 24 towards the end face of the insert part 3 and can be inserted into the insert part 4 at a radial distance.
  • the outer circumferential surface of the projection 25 runs parallel here to the inner peripheral surface of the insert part 4.
  • the convex wall 23 and / or the concave wall 24 can have inclined webs, not shown, which give the inflowing liquid a spiral flow direction around the central axis 6.
  • the liquid inflow opening 22 is connected to a circumferential annular chamber 26 which is delimited radially inwards by the end section 21 of the insert part 3 and radially outwards by the nozzle jacket 2.
  • the annular chamber 26 is in turn connected to a radial bore 27 of the nozzle casing 2, into which a fastening section of the liquid inflow nozzle 5 can be inserted.
  • the attachment of the liquid inflow nozzle 5 to the nozzle jacket 2 can be carried out, for example, in that the bore 27 is designed as a threaded bore and the fastening section of the liquid inflow nozzle 5 is screwed into the bore 27 until a flange 28 of the liquid inflow nozzle 5 rests on the outer surface of the nozzle jacket 2 .
  • elastic sealing means in the form of O-rings 29 are provided on both sides of the annular chamber, which are located in radial grooves of the nozzle casing 2 lie and are in sealing contact with the outer peripheral surfaces of the insert parts 3, 4.
  • FIG. 2 An embodiment variant of the invention is described in FIG. 2, in which the inflow direction of the wear particles is indicated by the arrow 30.
  • Fig. 1 In contrast to Fig. 1 is in the embodiment of 2 does not have the insert part having the inlet opening 13 axially movable within the nozzle casing 2, but rather the insert part following in the flow direction.
  • the corresponding insert parts are designated 3 ', 4' in FIG. 2.
  • the rest of the structure essentially corresponds to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1.
  • the insert parts 3, 3 ', 4, 4' are advantageously made of a wear-resistant material, for example hardened steel, while the casing 2, 2 'can be made of aluminum or plastic.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Appareil pour le traitement de matériaux au jet, en particulier pour le nettoyage ou la découpe au jet, au moyen d'un produit projeté mélangé avec un liquide et contenant en particulier des particules abrasives sous forme de granulés, l'appareil comprenant une buse (1, 1') avec une cavité traversante (12) qui présente à une extrémité une ouverture d'entrée (13) reliée à une unité d'alimentation qui amène à la buse (1, 1') des particules abrasives sous une pression élevée, ainsi qu'une ouverture de sortie (14) à l'autre extrémité pour le produit projeté, et comportant une ouverture de pénétration (22) pour le liquide agencée entre l'ouverture d'entrée et l'ouverture de sortie (13, 14) et en communication avec une conduite d'alimentation pour le liquide,
    caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture de pénétration du liquide (22) est réalisée sous la forme d'une fente périphérique et est délimitée par deux éléments de buse (3, 3', 4, 4') capables d'être fixés dans des positions axiales différentes, et en ce que la section de l'ouverture (22) traversée par l'écoulement de liquide peut être modifiée par le mouvement relatif de ces éléments de buse (3, 3', 4, 4'), ladite cavité (12) étant sensiblement de forme cylindrique et l'un des éléments de buse (3, 3') vu dans la direction de l'écoulement se terminant à l'avant par un tronçon de diamètre extérieur constant qui est inférieur à celui de la partie de l'élément de buse (3, 3') qui s'y raccorde ainsi qu'à celui de la cavité (12), de sorte que dans la région de son embouchure, l'ouverture de pénétration (22) pour le liquide est dirigée parallèlement à la paroi de la cavité (12) qui est située derrière l'ouverture d'écoulement (22), vue dans la direction d'écoulement du produit projeté, et forme un manteau de liquide qui protège cette paroi de la cavité (12).
  2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément de buse (3, 3') comporte à la suite du tronçon avant de diamètre extérieur constant une surface périphérique extérieure de forme rectiligne ou de forme arquée en section longitudinale, ou une surface frontale (24) qui limite l'ouverture d'entrée (22) pour le liquide, ensemble avec une surface périphérique opposée et écartée, ou une surface frontale (23) de l'autre élément de buse (4, 4'), le tronçon avant de diamètre extérieur constant dudit élément de buse (3, 3') pouvant être introduit au moins partiellement dans la cavité (12) de l'autre élément de buse (4, 4').
  3. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un élément de buse est constitué par un insert (3, 4') en forme de cylindre creux, qui est agencé en déplacement axial à l'intérieur d'un manteau de buse (2, 2'), et en ce que l'autre élément de buse est constitué soit par un autre insert (4, 3') en forme de cylindre creux et relié sans possibilité de se déplacer au manteau de buse (2, 2'), ledit autre insert étant agencé à l'intérieur du manteau de buse (2, 2') en alignement vis-à-vis du premier insert (3, 4'), ou bien étant réalisé par le manteau de buse (2, 2') lui-même, la cavité (12) étant réalisée à l'intérieur des inserts (3, 3', 4, 4') ou à l'intérieur de l'insert mobile (3, 4') et du manteau de buse (2, 2').
  4. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de buse mobile (3) présente un filetage extérieur (17), et peut être vissé dans un perçage longitudinal (7) avec taraudage intérieur (8) prévu dans le manteau de buse (2), et en ce que l'élément de buse mobile (3) peut être fixé de préférence au moyen d'un contre-écrou (19) susceptible d'être vissé sur son filetage extérieur (17) et d'être amené en contact contre le manteau de buse (2).
  5. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un élément de buse mobile (4') est agencé derrière l'élément de buse fixe (3') dans la direction d'écoulement, et en ce qu'il est maintenu au moins dans la direction d'écoulement par un écrou à collerette (31) susceptible d'être vissé sur le manteau de buse (2').
  6. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture de pénétration (22) du liquide est reliée à une chambre annulaire périphérique (26) située en amont, qui est réalisée de préférence autour d'une région terminale avant (21) de l'élément de buse (3, 3') arrière, vu dans la direction d'écoulement.
  7. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des éléments qui dirigent l'écoulement sont prévus sur l'une au moins des deux parois (23, 24) des éléments de buse (3, 3', 4, 4') qui délimitent l'ouverture de pénétration (22) du liquide, afin de conférer au liquide qui pénètre dans la cavité (12) une direction d'écoulement en forme de spirale autour de l'axe central (6) de la buse (1).
  8. Appareil selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les éléments directeurs d'écoulement sont constitués par des barrettes agencées en oblique par rapport à l'axe central (6) des buses (1, 1'), de préférence réparties régulièrement sur la totalité de la circonférence de l'ouverture d'écoulement (22) du liquide.
  9. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de buse arrière (3, 3'), considéré dans la direction d'écoulement, s'étend environ jusqu'au milieu de la buse (1), et présente un premier tronçon de cavité avec une section circulaire constante qui est inférieure à un second tronçon de cavité avec une section circulaire constante, qui est prévu à l'intérieur de l'élément de buse suivant (4, 4').
  10. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un élément de buse fixe (4, 3') est fixé à l'intérieur du manteau de buse (2, 2') au moyen d'une vis qui peut être vissée dans un perçage taraudé radial (20) prévu dans le manteau de buse (2, 2') et peut être amenée en engagement de contact sur la surface périphérique extérieure de l'élément de buse (4, 3').
  11. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 3 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de buse (3, 3', 4, 4') sont réalisés en un matériau dur, par exemple de l'acier durci, et en ce que le manteau de buse (2, 2') est réalisé en un matériau relativement léger, par exemple de l'aluminium ou une matière plastique.
EP93109199A 1992-06-09 1993-06-08 Dispositif pour l'usinage au jet abrasif de matériaux Expired - Lifetime EP0573957B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4218887 1992-06-09
DE4218887A DE4218887C1 (fr) 1992-06-09 1992-06-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0573957A1 EP0573957A1 (fr) 1993-12-15
EP0573957B1 true EP0573957B1 (fr) 1995-04-26

Family

ID=6460655

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93109199A Expired - Lifetime EP0573957B1 (fr) 1992-06-09 1993-06-08 Dispositif pour l'usinage au jet abrasif de matériaux

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0573957B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE121660T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4218887C1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0573957T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2074905T3 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010051227A1 (de) 2010-11-12 2012-05-16 Dental Care Innovation Gmbh Düse zur Abstrahlung von flüssigen Reinigungsmitteln mit darin dispergierten abrasiven Partikeln

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9404763D0 (en) * 1994-03-11 1994-04-27 Guyson Int Ltd An application head for emitting blast media
CZ122796A3 (en) * 1996-04-29 1997-11-12 Jan Ing Strechovsky Method of abrasive cutting and apparatus for making the same
US5921846A (en) * 1997-03-21 1999-07-13 The Johns Hopkins University Lubricated high speed fluid cutting jet
USD825741S1 (en) 2016-12-15 2018-08-14 Water Pik, Inc. Oral irrigator handle
US11179231B2 (en) 2017-03-16 2021-11-23 Water Pik, Inc. Oral irrigator handle for use with oral agent

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1848122A (en) * 1930-02-20 1932-03-08 Alois W Forster Device for use in introducing alpha fluid into alpha conduit for flowing materials
US2176577A (en) * 1937-04-03 1939-10-17 Hydroblast Corp Sandblast device
DE802430C (de) * 1948-09-30 1951-02-12 Hugo Van Der Krans Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sanden von Gegenstaenden
US2751716A (en) * 1954-04-19 1956-06-26 Clarence B Pletcher Blast gun
DE1477991A1 (de) * 1965-05-31 1969-07-17 Elektro Veb Vorrichtung zum Strahllaeppen
DE1982295U (de) * 1965-10-30 1968-03-28 Vestische Glashuette G M B H V Strahlpistole zum strahlen von glaskugeln oder anderem abtragenden oder glaettenden korn.
CH596956A5 (en) * 1976-09-20 1978-03-31 Erwin Baiker Injection type blasting treatment gun
US4253610A (en) * 1979-09-10 1981-03-03 Larkin Joe M Abrasive blast nozzle
DD220770A3 (de) * 1982-09-01 1985-04-03 Rohrleitungen Isolierungen Veb Vorrichtung zum druckluftstrahlen
AU553658B2 (en) * 1983-04-27 1986-07-24 Bolrette Pty. Ltd. Abrasive blasting apparatus

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010051227A1 (de) 2010-11-12 2012-05-16 Dental Care Innovation Gmbh Düse zur Abstrahlung von flüssigen Reinigungsmitteln mit darin dispergierten abrasiven Partikeln
WO2012069894A1 (fr) 2010-11-12 2012-05-31 Dental Care Innovation Gmbh Buse de projection de détergents liquides contenant des particules abrasives dispersées

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59300155D1 (de) 1995-06-01
EP0573957A1 (fr) 1993-12-15
DK0573957T3 (da) 1995-10-02
ES2074905T3 (es) 1995-09-16
DE4218887C1 (fr) 1993-05-19
ATE121660T1 (de) 1995-05-15

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