EP0570038A1 - Matrice pour la face arrière d'un élément en céramique - Google Patents

Matrice pour la face arrière d'un élément en céramique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0570038A1
EP0570038A1 EP93201065A EP93201065A EP0570038A1 EP 0570038 A1 EP0570038 A1 EP 0570038A1 EP 93201065 A EP93201065 A EP 93201065A EP 93201065 A EP93201065 A EP 93201065A EP 0570038 A1 EP0570038 A1 EP 0570038A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
die
depressions
impressions
face
tiles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93201065A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0570038B1 (fr
Inventor
Lodovico Bardelli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mass SpA
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Mass SpA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0570038A1 publication Critical patent/EP0570038A1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/024—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form the pressure on the material being transmitted through flexible or resilient wall parts, e.g. flexible cushions on the ramming surface, resilient wall parts pressing as a result of deformation caused by ram pressure

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to the manufacture of ceramic tiles, and more particularly relates to a forming die for association with ceramic molds in general.
  • the invention relates to a reverse-face die, ie for forming the rear or laying face of ceramic tiles.
  • the invention relates to a reverse-face die of the type in which its active surface consists of a layer of relatively soft material, typically vulcanized rubber.
  • the die of the invention can be used on any type of ceramic mold, both of the entering punch and of the movable die-plate type, the description of which will not be given as they are well known to the expert of this specific sector, and because they do not form a characterising part of the invention.
  • the die of the invention can have in plan view any size and any configuration.
  • the characterising elements of the present invention are suitable for any reverse-face die with its active face consisting of a layer of vulcanized rubber or the like which covers a rear metal block, including the die, known colloquially as a "draught", and described in Italian Patent Application No. 46843 A/89 filed in the name of the present applicant.
  • Ceramic products examples include:
  • the first of these three products could be represented by a right-angled tile produced by pressing a pulverulent material such as atomized clay, and having sides of 45 x 45 cm or 30 x 60 cm and an overall thickness (ie including the characteristic support feet) for example between 4.5 and 6.5 mm, to which reference will be made hereinafter.
  • a pulverulent material such as atomized clay
  • the second product (grained) is usually produced by pressing a mixture of (at least) two granular materials of virtually equal average particle size, but of different colour.
  • a typical product of the third type is prepared by pressing a mixture comprising (for example) the two granular materials used for the "grained" tile, plus a type of grit of one or more colours different from those of said two granular materials.
  • Said grit has an average particle size much larger than these latter, said grit being usually prepared by grinding tiles formed and fired specifically for this use.
  • Said granular materials have a round shape and relatively low hardness, whereas said grit has sharp edges and a considerably greater hardness than said granular materials.
  • said third type of ceramic product has an appearance very similar to that of marble-like paving tiles.
  • the regions of greater compaction are located at the tile support feet.
  • said feet are formed by a plurality of impressions in the active face of the rubber layer covering the die, these usually being of right-angled shape (square or rectangular).
  • a typical foot has side dimensions of 2 x 2 cm, these dimensions often increasing as the tile format increases.
  • the feet are formed as a network of narrow crossing grooves either parallel or not parallel to the die edges, which are provided in the active face of the rubber layer covering the die and having a width of about 3-4 mm.
  • a die of this type is described for example in the document cited in the introduction.
  • tiles prepared by said known dies are relatively much more compact at the feet than in the surrounding regions.
  • differential compaction gives rise to differential shrinkage and hence differential internal tensions which often produce defects such as lack of planarity, non-linearity and non-perpendicularity of the sides, and small surface fissures, in particular in the case of tiles of large format.
  • Said differential compaction also results in differential porosity of the exposed face of the tile, and hence a different capacity for absorption in its various regions, to the detriment of regular distribution and optimum bonding of glazes.
  • the usual tiles of medium-large format such as a 45 x 45 cm sided tile of the type stated in the introduction, has an overall thickness, ie including the feet, of about 9-10 mm, whereas it would be desirable to achieve overall thicknesses of between 4.5 and 6.5 mm.
  • the said differential compaction and hence the corresponding differing surface porosity, mean that these tiles, once laid, either as they are or smoothed, absorb dust, moisture and dirt differently, so that with the passage of time ugly shadowing appears.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a reverse-face die which practically completely eliminates the aforesaid drawbacks.
  • those depressions provided in the rubber layer for forming the tile support feet have a fairly small surface area in plan view, and at said depressions the rubber layer assumes the form of a thin film which is supported by a rear counteracting member of hard material.
  • said depressions have a plan shape without sharp corners, for example they are circular with an area of between 7 and 30 mm2.
  • Said members can consist of metal pegs fixed to the block to which the reverse-face layer is attached, said thin rubber film located at each peg having a thickness of between 0.07 and 0.25 mm.
  • the thickness of the rubber layer and the depth of the depressions are not particularly critical.
  • depressions with a fairly small plan shape means that during pressing, the material to be compacted can move laterally without ecountering excessive resistance, hence migrating towards the adjacent regions where the rubber thickness is greater.
  • the combination of said more uniform compaction and said lesser hardness difference between the more compact and less compact regions means that the surface porosity of the tile is practically uniform and homogeneous, resulting in virtually regular and optimum glaze distribution.
  • multi-component tiles can be obtained, in which at least one component is a relatively coarse-grained material such as grit, with the tile resting feet practically coplanar.
  • grit a relatively coarse-grained material
  • this piece of grit is either crushed or is embedded in the overlying granular or pulverulent material, seeing that the base of the depression consists of a film which is practically unable to receive said piece of grit (by deformation), and seeing that the penetration of said piece into said film is prevented by the rear peg.
  • the rear face of the rubber layer comprises a plurality of small impressions in which a gaseous mass such as air is trapped.
  • the purpose of said rear impressions is to improve the adaptation of the membrane and hence the compacting of the tile, both when the forming cavity is loaded non-uniformly and when the material loaded into said cavity has a particularly coarse-grain component.
  • said trapped gaseous mass enables the high forces in play during pressing to be used for heating the active face of the die.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded partial perspective view of a die according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows to an enlarged scale part of a section on the line II-II of Figure 1, in which the constituent elements of the die are shown assembled.
  • Figures 3 and 4 are two views similar to Figure 2 showing two alternative embodiments of the invention.
  • the die comprises a usual metal block 1 to be fixed to a plate (for example the lower plate) of a usual ceramic press.
  • This fixing is by suitable means of mechanical or electromagnetic type, not shown because of known construction.
  • the active face of the block 1 which is the upper face in the figures, is provided with an ordered multiplicity of small identical cylindrical impressions 10.
  • impressions are distributed regularly as can be seen in Figure 1, the distance between adjacent rows or columns of said impressions 10 not being in any way a limiting factor as said distance can vary according to requirements, for example on the basis either of the material to be compacted, or the plan dimensions of the die, or the final tile thickness.
  • impressions 10 there are partially inserted, as an exact fit, respective metal cylinders or pegs 100, the projecting upper parts of which are received, as an exact fit, in conjugate impressions 101 (see Figures 2 to 4) in the lower face of a sheet 2.
  • This latter which is formed separately in known manner, consists of vulcanized rubber or another equivalent elastomer, and is fixed to the block 1 in the following manner.
  • the block is provided with a step-shaped upper perimetral recess 3, the horizontal face of which acts as a support for a perimetral series of bars 30, its vertical face being provided with a series of threaded holes 31 into which a corresponding number of screws 32 are screwed after passing through said bars 30.
  • each bar 30 is provided with an inner upper ledge 33, which fits into a corresponding conjugate groove in the sheet 2.
  • the top of said groove extends into a lip 22 with a cross-section in the form of a point which practically reaches the outer upper edge of the bar 30 to cover its upper face, which is inclined downwards in an inward direction.
  • Figure 2 shows the characteristic elements of the invention associated with a usual reverse-face die
  • Figure 4 these characteristic elements are associated with a die in accordance with the document cited in the introduction
  • Figure 3 shows a modification of Figure 2.
  • the lower face of the sheet 2 is provided with an ordered multiplicity of small preferably identical cylindrical impressions 21.
  • Said impressions 21 can be recesses of shape other than cylindrical, such as hemispherical.
  • the sheet 2 has a thickness of about 4.5 mm and the impressions 20 have a depth of about 0.55 mm, however these dimensions are not particularly critical.
  • the front impressions 20 do not need to be excessively deep, and in addition are slightly flared for the reasons well known to the expert of the art.
  • the rear impressions 21 have a diameter and depth preferably of between 0.5 and 1.2 mm.
  • the optimum base area of the front impressions 20 is between 7 and 38 mm2 and the optimum thickness of the rubber film defining said base is between 0.07 and 0.25 mm.
  • any gaseous mass such as air, inert gas or another can be trapped within them.
  • said trapped gaseous mass has the advantage of utilizing the considerable forces in play to heat the active face of the membrane. This is by virtue of the fact that the cyclic compression of said mass results in its heating, this then heating the membrane.
  • ceramic molds have to be heated for various reasons, mainly to prevent the die active faces becoming encrusted and to facilitate removal of the formed tiles, this depending on the moisture content of the material to be compacted and which can vary several times during a working day, hence by virtue of the aforegoing the necessary heat for the die (after it reaches working temperature) can be provided by said trapped gaseous mass, instead of by electrical resistance heaters.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Purses, Travelling Bags, Baskets, Or Suitcases (AREA)
EP93201065A 1992-05-15 1993-04-13 Matrice pour la face arrière d'un élément en céramique Expired - Lifetime EP0570038B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITRE920042 1992-05-15
ITRE920042A IT1258686B (it) 1992-05-15 1992-05-15 Tampone ceramico tipo muratura

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0570038A1 true EP0570038A1 (fr) 1993-11-18
EP0570038B1 EP0570038B1 (fr) 1996-09-18

Family

ID=11398207

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93201065A Expired - Lifetime EP0570038B1 (fr) 1992-05-15 1993-04-13 Matrice pour la face arrière d'un élément en céramique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0570038B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE142933T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69304785D1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1258686B (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0620089A2 (fr) * 1993-03-17 1994-10-19 Maris Algeri Méthode et matrice de pressage isostatique, en particulier pour la fabrication de carreaux en céramique
GB2332170A (en) * 1997-12-11 1999-06-16 Entwicklungsgesellschaft Wolfg Cementitious products having stone-like surface finish
ES2184627A1 (es) * 2001-07-25 2003-04-01 Tecnimol S L Punzon perfeccionado para piezas ceramicas.
DE10219746A1 (de) * 2002-05-02 2003-11-13 Kobra Formen Gmbh Anordnung mit einer Druckplatte zur Herstellung von Betonformteilen und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Druckplatte
DE102006026117A1 (de) * 2006-06-03 2007-12-06 Kobra Formen Gmbh Anordnung zur Herstellung von Betonformsteinen, Druckplatte für eine solche Anordnung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Druckplatte

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE429228A (fr) *
GB502806A (en) * 1937-09-24 1939-03-24 Frank Humphris A new or improved device for producing raised or recessed patterns or plain faces onarticles as they are being moulded from powdered, granular or plastic substances
US2156149A (en) * 1938-01-14 1939-04-25 Us Quarry Tile Company Ceramic manufacture
DE2155082A1 (de) * 1971-11-05 1973-05-10 Agrob Ag Fliese und verfahren zur herstellung derselben
EP0400704A2 (fr) * 1989-05-30 1990-12-05 MASS S.p.A. Méthode pour la fabrication de carreaux en céramique compactés de façon uniforme, et moyens pour sa mise en oeuvre

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE429228A (fr) *
GB502806A (en) * 1937-09-24 1939-03-24 Frank Humphris A new or improved device for producing raised or recessed patterns or plain faces onarticles as they are being moulded from powdered, granular or plastic substances
US2156149A (en) * 1938-01-14 1939-04-25 Us Quarry Tile Company Ceramic manufacture
DE2155082A1 (de) * 1971-11-05 1973-05-10 Agrob Ag Fliese und verfahren zur herstellung derselben
EP0400704A2 (fr) * 1989-05-30 1990-12-05 MASS S.p.A. Méthode pour la fabrication de carreaux en céramique compactés de façon uniforme, et moyens pour sa mise en oeuvre

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0620089A2 (fr) * 1993-03-17 1994-10-19 Maris Algeri Méthode et matrice de pressage isostatique, en particulier pour la fabrication de carreaux en céramique
EP0620089A3 (fr) * 1993-03-17 1995-03-15 Maris Algeri Méthode et matrice de pressage isostatique, en particulier pour la fabrication de carreaux en céramique.
GB2332170A (en) * 1997-12-11 1999-06-16 Entwicklungsgesellschaft Wolfg Cementitious products having stone-like surface finish
GB2332170B (en) * 1997-12-11 2000-03-15 Entwicklungsgesellschaft Wolfg Cementitious products
US6159401A (en) * 1997-12-11 2000-12-12 Entwicklungsgesellschaft Wolfgang Hoesch Gdbr Cementitious products
ES2184627A1 (es) * 2001-07-25 2003-04-01 Tecnimol S L Punzon perfeccionado para piezas ceramicas.
DE10219746A1 (de) * 2002-05-02 2003-11-13 Kobra Formen Gmbh Anordnung mit einer Druckplatte zur Herstellung von Betonformteilen und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Druckplatte
DE102006026117A1 (de) * 2006-06-03 2007-12-06 Kobra Formen Gmbh Anordnung zur Herstellung von Betonformsteinen, Druckplatte für eine solche Anordnung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Druckplatte

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITRE920042A0 (it) 1992-05-15
IT1258686B (it) 1996-02-27
ATE142933T1 (de) 1996-10-15
DE69304785D1 (de) 1996-10-24
ITRE920042A1 (it) 1993-11-15
EP0570038B1 (fr) 1996-09-18

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