EP0400704B1 - Méthode pour la fabrication de carreaux en céramique compactés de façon uniforme, et moyens pour sa mise en oeuvre - Google Patents

Méthode pour la fabrication de carreaux en céramique compactés de façon uniforme, et moyens pour sa mise en oeuvre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0400704B1
EP0400704B1 EP90201228A EP90201228A EP0400704B1 EP 0400704 B1 EP0400704 B1 EP 0400704B1 EP 90201228 A EP90201228 A EP 90201228A EP 90201228 A EP90201228 A EP 90201228A EP 0400704 B1 EP0400704 B1 EP 0400704B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
punch
tile
forming
thickness
tiles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90201228A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0400704A2 (fr
EP0400704A3 (fr
Inventor
Lodovico Bardelli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mass SpA
Original Assignee
Mass SpA
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Publication date
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Priority to AT90201228T priority Critical patent/ATE96368T1/de
Publication of EP0400704A2 publication Critical patent/EP0400704A2/fr
Publication of EP0400704A3 publication Critical patent/EP0400704A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0400704B1 publication Critical patent/EP0400704B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/024—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form the pressure on the material being transmitted through flexible or resilient wall parts, e.g. flexible cushions on the ramming surface, resilient wall parts pressing as a result of deformation caused by ram pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/0064—Moulds characterised by special surfaces for producing a desired surface of a moulded article, e.g. profiled or polished moulding surfaces

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for uniformly compacting ceramic tiles in general, and the means for its implementation.
  • ceramic tiles are formed by suitable forming moulds, after which they are fired using methods or systems which it would be superfluous to describe herein.
  • Moulds for forming tiles having the upper surface perfectly planar and well known are known.
  • GB-A-1.355.521 discloses a mould assembly comprising a punch, intended for forming the upper face of a tile, having a series of recesses which are occupied by members of elastomer of different thickness, in order to obtain the face of the tile reproducing a pattern of areas of different surface texture, the back of the tile being formed by a resilient member having upstanding lugs.
  • the known mould assemblies permit, in a general way, the manufacture of tiles of non uniform thickness both with a non planar or a planar upper face, but present a lot of drawbacks resulting from the non uniform compaction of the material.
  • the regularity of the tile edges after firing is greater the greater the uniformity of the compaction to which the tiles have been subjected during their formation.
  • the edges of the fired tile are regular, whereas in the second case they are irregular.
  • Such non-homogeneous pressing can be due for example to a non-uniform particle size of the clay fed into the forming cavity in the mould, to different densities within the layer of clay fed into the mould, to a non-uniform thickness of said layer, and to relative settling or displacement of the parts which define the forming cavity.
  • the feeding of the clay can vary with variation in the production rate of the corresponding ceramic press, and these factors, which are difficult to control or quantify, have hindered all attempts at producing a virtually uniformly compacted tile.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a method and the means for its implementation, by which perfectly compacted tiles can be formed, to thus comprise regular edges after firing.
  • the method according to the invention comprises forming a ceramic test tile; measuring the compactness or hardness of the test tile at a plurality of points on one face of the tile; locally varying, in the sense of increasing or reducing, the thickness of the punch for forming the reverse face of the tile in those regions of the punch corresponding to those tile hardness values which most differ from the mean value of the largest number of measurements of approximately equal value; repeating said three operations until a substantially uniformly compacted tile is obtained; and continuously forming other tiles until the pressing conditions change.
  • the means proposed for implementing the method of the invention consist of a punch and a forming mould provided therewith, and in particular a punch for forming the reverse face of the ceramic tile, whose features are recited in the claims
  • the punch according to the invention is provided on its working surface with a plurality of small recesses of preferably identical shape, such as rectangular, with which a plurality of interchangeable inserts having different characteristics or properties are associated.
  • Said inserts are arranged to be inserted practically as an exact fit into said recesses, said inserts being preferably of the same material as the working surface of the punch.
  • This surface can be of metal, but in a preferred embodiment of the invention is of rubber.
  • the interchangeable inserts can have different thicknesses and possess the same elastic characteristics as the working surface of the punch, or can have the same thickness and be produced from elastomers having elastic properties which differ from those of the working surface of the punch.
  • said recesses are preferably provided over the entire working surface of the punch, and are preferably regularly distributed thereon.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a punch according to the invention, with all the recesses shown free or empty for clarity.
  • Figure 2A shows part of the section on the line II-II of Figure 1 to an enlarged scale, with a standard insert, ie one having a thickness equal to the recess depth, inserted into one of the recesses.
  • Figure 2B is a view similar to the preceding, showing the same punch modified in order to uniformly compact the ceramic tiles.
  • Figure 3A is an enlarged section through that tile part produced by the punch part shown in Figure 2A when standard inserts are inserted into the recesses.
  • Figure 3B is a section similar to that of Figure 3A, but showing the same tile part when uniformly compacted by the modified punch part shown in Figure 2B.
  • FIGSaid figures, and in particular Figure 1 show a reverse face punch 1, ie for forming the reverse or laying face of the tiles, and with which a ceramic mould of any known type is to be associated in known manner.
  • the punch 1 can be fixed in any known manner, for example mechanically or magnetically, and be arranged at the top or the bottom of the corresponding forming cavity. This is well known to the expert of the art.
  • the working surface of the punch 1 can be of metal or be of rubber or another equivalent elastomer.
  • the punch 1 comprises a metal connection base 2 provided upperly with a cavity in which a rubber layer 3 is fixed in any known manner.
  • the punch 1 is of rectangular shape, and more specifically square, but there is nothing to prevent the characterising elements according to the invention being used for any other format, whether of large or small dimensions, or with special shapes, including those comprising curved or arched edges.
  • grooves 4 defining a plurality of raised portions or projections indicated by 5.
  • some of the projections 5 are provided concentrically with respective square recesses 6 with radiused corners, and identical with each other in both shape and depth.
  • recesses 6 are provided preferably over the entire working surface of the reverse face punch 1 if this is to cooperate with an obverse face punch with its working surface relief-patterned, for example embossed.
  • each recess 6 has available a set of identically shaped inserts 7 which differ in thickness by 0.1-0.2 mm from each other.
  • recesses 6 of different depths can be obtained, and be suitably distributed, for example in rows parallel to the sides of the punch 1.
  • the inserts 7 are of rubber construction, however if the surface of the punch 1 is of metal the inserts will also be of metal.
  • the different-thickness rubber inserts are of the same material as the layer 3 and, according to an alternative embodiment, the inserts associated with each individual recess 6 can all have substantially the same thickness, but have different elastic characteristics.
  • impressions of another shape or type can be provided between the recesses 6, which other impressions could for example be the usual cavities for forming the characteristic feet of ceramic tiles.
  • Standard inserts 7 are those inserts having a thickness equal to the depth of the recesses 6. This is well illustrated to the right of Figure 2A.
  • the mould forming cavity (or cavities) is filled with clay in the usual manner, and then pressed to obtain the test tile indicated by 11 in Figure 3A, and which will probably not be uniformly compacted for the reasons given heretofore.
  • the reference numerals 44, 55, 77 indicate those parts or regions of the tile 11 which have been shaped or formed by the corresponding parts 4, 5 and 7 of the punch 1.
  • the tile formed in this manner is placed on a test bench, where the tile hardness or compactness is measured with a suitable instrument such as a penetrometer or durometer. These measurements are preferably made in all the regions 55 and 77 of the tile.
  • the thickness of the punch 1, or rather the pattern of its working face, is then modified locally on the basis of these readings or measurements.
  • inserts of greater thickness are placed in those recesses 6 corresponding to tile regions of lesser hardnesses, and inserts of lesser thickness are placed in those recesses 6 corresponding to greater hardnesses.
  • the punch is further modified one or more times in the aforesaid manner until a uniformly compacted tile is obtained.
  • the forming press need be halted only for the time required to change the inserts 7 when changing from one type of production to another.
  • the reference numerals 700, 710, 720,... indicate the regions of the tile 111 which have been compacted by said inserts 70, 71, 72.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Procédé pour réaliser des carreaux de céramique compactés uniformément, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes de fonctionnement :
    - on forme un carreau de céramique de test (11) à l'intérieur d'une cavité de formage d'un moule de céramique ;
    - on mesure la dureté ou la compacité dudit carreau test en un ensemble de points de sa surface ;
    - on fait varier localement dans le sens de l'accroissement ou de la réduction, l'épaisseur du poinçon (1) pour former la face inverse du carreau, dans les régions du poinçon correspondant aux valeurs de dureté du carreau qui sont respectivement plus petites et plus grandes que la valeur moyenne du plus grand nombre de mesures de valeurs approximativement égales ;
    - on répète lesdites trois opérations, à savoir le formage, la mesure et la modification, jusqu'à ce qu'un carreau sensiblement uniforme (111) soit obtenu ;
    - on réalise de façon continue d'autres carreaux (11) jusqu'à ce que les conditions de pressage changent.
  2. Poinçon pour réaliser un côté de carreaux de céramique compactés de façon uniforme, selon le procédé de la revendication 1, comportant sur sa face de travail des dépressions occupées par des éléments réalisés en élastomère, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte, sur sa face active, des cavités (4) pour réaliser des éléments formant supports (44) pour les carreaux ; un ensemble de dépressions de forme identique (6) plus profondes que lesdites cavités (4) et interposées entre celles-ci et réparties pratiquement sur la totalité de la face de travail du poinçon (1) ; un ensemble de groupes d'inserts interchangeables (7) ayant des épaisseurs et/ou des caractéristiques élastiques différentes qu'il y a lieu d'insérer pratiquement avec une adaptation parfaite dans les dépressions respectives (6) de façon à modifier l'épaisseur locale du poinçon (1) sous pression.
  3. Poinçon tel que revendiqué à la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les cavités (4) consistent en une grille régulière de petites rainures identiques s'étendant sur la totalité de la surface de travail du poinçon (1).
  4. Poinçon tel que revendiqué à la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdits inserts (7) sont réalisés à partir du même matériau que la face de travail du poinçon (1) et ont des épaisseurs différentes.
  5. Poinçon tel que revendiqué à la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdits inserts (7) ont la même épaisseur et sont formés à partir de matériaux élastomères qui sont différents les uns des autres.
  6. Poinçon tel que revendiqué dans les revendications 2 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur minimum desdits inserts interchangeables lorsqu'ils sont soumis à la pression de formage est au moins égale à la profondeur des dépressions respectives (6) moins la profondeur de la cavité (4) pour former les éléments supports (44) du carreau (111).
EP90201228A 1989-05-30 1990-05-15 Méthode pour la fabrication de carreaux en céramique compactés de façon uniforme, et moyens pour sa mise en oeuvre Expired - Lifetime EP0400704B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90201228T ATE96368T1 (de) 1989-05-30 1990-05-15 Verfahren zum herstellen von gleichmaessig verdichteten keramikplatten und vorrichtung zu dessen durchfuehrung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT8946843A IT1234151B (it) 1989-05-30 1989-05-30 Metodo per la coniatura di piastrelle ceramiche uniformemente compattate, mezzi per attuare il detto e piastrelle cosi' ottenute
IT4684389 1989-05-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0400704A2 EP0400704A2 (fr) 1990-12-05
EP0400704A3 EP0400704A3 (fr) 1991-10-09
EP0400704B1 true EP0400704B1 (fr) 1993-10-27

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90201228A Expired - Lifetime EP0400704B1 (fr) 1989-05-30 1990-05-15 Méthode pour la fabrication de carreaux en céramique compactés de façon uniforme, et moyens pour sa mise en oeuvre

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0400704B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE96368T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69004152T2 (fr)
IT (1) IT1234151B (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1257499B (it) * 1992-05-07 1996-01-25 Mass Spa Stampo per la formatura di materiali ceramici, tipicamente piastrelle pressosmaltate, e relativi mezzi di carico
IT1258686B (it) * 1992-05-15 1996-02-27 Mass Spa Tampone ceramico tipo muratura
JPH0653106U (ja) * 1992-12-28 1994-07-19 株式会社イナックス タイルの成形型
ATE146115T1 (de) * 1993-03-17 1996-12-15 Maris Algeri Verfahren und form zum isostatischen pressen, insbesondere zum herstellen von keramikfliesen
WO2003086722A1 (fr) * 2002-04-17 2003-10-23 Molcer, S.A. Burin vulcanise
CN112976249B (zh) * 2021-02-04 2022-01-11 浙江大学 一种板边设置凹槽的叠合板底板的制作模板及生产方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3097411A (en) * 1963-07-16 Apparatus for shaping pressure-shapable materials
DE1255554B (de) * 1963-10-16 1967-11-30 Dorst Keramikmasch Verfahren zum Pressen von Wand-, Fussboden-oder Mosaikplatten mit zueinander planparallelen Ober- und Unterseiten aus pulverfoermigem, insbesondere keramischem Material, und Presse zum Durchfuehren des Verfahrens
FR1384318A (fr) * 1964-02-12 1965-01-04 Procédé et appareillage pour la fabrication d'éléments pressés en un matériau durcissable, en particulier pour la production de plaquettes de matériaux céramiques ou à base de ciment, et similaires
GB1355521A (en) * 1971-01-15 1974-06-05 British Ceramic Res Ass Die assemblies for pressing ceramic material
DE2155082C3 (de) * 1971-11-05 1981-02-12 Agrob Ag, 8000 Muenchen Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Fliese, insbesondere einer Bodenfliese
DE2950441C2 (de) * 1979-12-14 1986-04-10 Bison-Werke Bähre & Greten GmbH & Co KG, 3257 Springe Auf Zylinder-Kolbenanordnungen einwirkende Meß- und Steuereinrichtung an einer Heizplattenpresse zur Herstellung von Werkstoffplatten aus Holz od. dgl. gleichmäßiger Dicke

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT8946843A0 (it) 1989-05-30
EP0400704A2 (fr) 1990-12-05
DE69004152D1 (de) 1993-12-02
IT1234151B (it) 1992-05-04
DE69004152T2 (de) 1994-03-24
EP0400704A3 (fr) 1991-10-09
ATE96368T1 (de) 1993-11-15

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