EP0568415B1 - Isolierungsverfahren eines elektrischen Leiters und isolierter elektrischer Daht hergestellt nach diesem Verfahren - Google Patents

Isolierungsverfahren eines elektrischen Leiters und isolierter elektrischer Daht hergestellt nach diesem Verfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0568415B1
EP0568415B1 EP93401042A EP93401042A EP0568415B1 EP 0568415 B1 EP0568415 B1 EP 0568415B1 EP 93401042 A EP93401042 A EP 93401042A EP 93401042 A EP93401042 A EP 93401042A EP 0568415 B1 EP0568415 B1 EP 0568415B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
varnish
powder
electrical conductor
mica
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93401042A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0568415A1 (de
Inventor
René Bauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UDD-FIM SA
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UDD-FIM SA
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Publication date
Application filed by UDD-FIM SA filed Critical UDD-FIM SA
Publication of EP0568415A1 publication Critical patent/EP0568415A1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/065—Insulating conductors with lacquers or enamels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/16—Insulating conductors or cables by passing through or dipping in a liquid bath; by spraying
    • H01B13/165—Insulating conductors or cables by passing through or dipping in a liquid bath; by spraying by spraying

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of insulating an electrical conductor and the insulated electrical conductor wire as obtained by the implementation of said method.
  • the present invention relates to the insulation of electrical conductors intended in particular to produce windings of electrical equipment, for example motor windings, in which the insulation is carried out initially on the conductor before it is wound on a support. storage.
  • the conductor thus isolated is then used as an insulated conductor by already known methods.
  • the electrical conductor wires intended to make the windings of electrical equipment are generally previously isolated by enameling or wrapping or else enameling followed by wrapping.
  • Enamelling is generally carried out by depositing synthetic polymers in solution in an organic solvent medium.
  • the deposition is carried out in several calibrated layers, each layer being dried and polymerized before the deposition of the next layer by passage through an oven at high temperature of the order of 400 to 500 ° C.
  • the dielectric strength of the insulation thus deposited varies from 60kV per millimeter to 130kV per millimeter depending on the thickness of the polymer called enamel or varnish.
  • thermal resistance of this insulator also varies according to the nature of the organic polymer used and does not make it possible to respond to uses in the case where the conductor is subjected to very high stresses, at the same time thermal, electrical and mechanical. Indeed, the electro-dynamic forces, the potential gradients or even the centrifugal forces in the case of windings of rotating machines induce significant stresses on the winding wires in contact which, combined with the increase in operating temperature due to overheating by Joule effect and electromagnetic losses, can cause a short circuit between the wires of the winding thus produced.
  • thermoplasticity In the case of significant mechanical stress, this phenomenon is linked to a creep of the enamel under temperature and pressure which can be simulated by a standardized test called thermoplasticity. This consists of exercising a pressure defined at the intersection of two electrically tensioned wires arranged perpendicularly for a determined period and to repeat the test at different temperatures to determine at what temperature a short circuit occurs.
  • Enamel is most often not used alone but combined with other insulating materials.
  • One of the reinforcing methods commonly used to overcome these drawbacks consists in covering the enamelled wire, that is to say in winding in the form of a spiral a sheet of continuous fibers impregnated with a polymer in an organic medium.
  • the fibers commonly used mention may be made, for example, of glass fibers or mixtures of glass fibers and polyester fibers.
  • the covering can also be directly deposited on an unglazed conductor when the operating conditions allow it. It therefore has not only the advantage of improving the connection with the impregnation varnishes of the windings, but, for given specific applications, the presence of a mineral product increases its resistance to high thermal stresses. Compared to enameled winding wire alone, the mineral product increases resistance to intense occasional overloads but limited in duration and increases the safety margin when temperatures occasionally reach 400 to 500 ° C under high mechanical stress.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a method which effectively allows the production of electrical insulation comprising mineral insulating materials and which is compatible with a process of insulating the electrical conductor continuously.
  • the method according to the invention effectively allows in-line insulation of the electrical conductor.
  • the production of the layer of varnish is made according to conventional means online and the deposition of the mineral insulating powder can conveniently also be carried out in a second step in line in particular using spray nozzles or powder transfer techniques by electrostatic field.
  • the method can be used interchangeably depending on whether the electrical conductor is already insulated with enamel or whether it is bare.
  • steps a), c) and d) are repeated several times until the desired thickness of insulation is obtained.
  • the deposition of the layer of mineral insulation powder is carried out by producing a suspension or a cloud of this powder in an area crossed by the wire to be insulated. This is the meaning to be given to the term spraying in this text as opposed to electrolytic deposition techniques.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an insulated electrical conductor wire having insulation of the type obtained by implementing the method according to the invention.
  • the electrical insulation of the electrical conductor is carried out in three basic steps.
  • Second step, the electrical conductor thus covered with varnish is subjected to a spray of a powder of insulating mineral material. This powder adheres to the varnish which has just been deposited, thus achieving a homogeneous layer of mineral insulator since the maintenance of the mineral insulator on the electrical conductor can only be done in direct contact with the layer of varnish initially deposited.
  • the electrical conductor thus coated with the initial layer of varnish and the layer of mineral insulation is subjected to a drying and polymerization treatment of the varnish in order to stabilize the assembly.
  • a drying and polymerization treatment of the varnish in order to stabilize the assembly.
  • a first layer of insulating varnish 14 in polymer is produced in an organic or aqueous solvent medium or in an active diluent medium.
  • varnish one can use all the varnishes known in the field of the use of insulation of the winding wires. Among these, mention may be made, for example, of varnishes based on modified or unmodified polyester, polyesters, epoxies, polyamide-imides, polyimides, polyurethanes or varnishes based on polyvinyl acetoformal.
  • varnishes can be applied by conventional techniques, that is to say by passing the conductive wire 12 through the varnish bath, then by calibrating the layer.
  • the conductive wire 12 coated with its layer of varnish 14 is made to move in a medium where a powder of mineral insulating material, preferably mica, is present in suspension.
  • the particles adhering to the layer of varnish 14 form a regular uniform layer of particles of mica 16.
  • the mica is in the form of a powder obtained by grinding and it can be of the muscovite or phlogopite type.
  • the average particle size can vary in the particle cleavage plane from 0.05 mm to 0.8 mm and more.
  • the maximum dimension in the cleavage plane is 0.4 mm. This maximum dimension is an average dimension corresponding to the statistical dispersion of the particles actually obtained during the operation for preparing the powder.
  • the final content of the mica can be between 10 and 90% of the insulation part thus produced. Preferably, this content is between 40 and 60%.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a first mode of implementation.
  • two spray nozzles 24 and 26 connected to sources of mica in the form of powder and thus allowing circulation in the direction F of the conductive wire 12 inside a cloud of mica powder in suspension.
  • only one layer of mica adheres to the varnish 14, the rest of the mica being unable to adhere to the first layer of insulation mica already obtained.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a second mode of deposition of the layer of mica powder.
  • the conductive wire 12 already covered with the layer of varnish 14 circulates in an area 30 in which an atmosphere saturated with mica powder is created by the following means.
  • the mica powder 32 is placed in a hopper 34 open at its lower end 36.
  • the hopper 34 is associated with a vibration generator 38 constituted for example by a wheel 40 associated with a connecting rod 42 which is connected to the hopper 34 by l 'Intermediate of an elastic damping system 44. This causes the progressive descent of the mica powder 32 towards the outlet 36.
  • the creation of the cloud of mica powder in the zone 30 is obtained by the creation of an electrostatic field.
  • the walls of the hopper 32 which have the general reference 46, are made of an electrically conductive material and the hopper is fixed to an insulating frame 48.
  • a plate opposite the hopper 34 conductive 50 perpendicular to the frame 48 defines the area of creation of the mica cloud 30.
  • the wall 46 of the hopper 34 and the plate 50 are connected to the terminals 52a and 52b of an electric generator 52.
  • the two electrodes formed by the wall 46 and the plate 50 thus define an electric field E which causes displacement of the mica particles in the zone 30.
  • These mica particles adhere to the layer 14 of varnish formed on the conductive wire 12.
  • the deposition installation mica powder comprises two modules identical to those shown in Figure 4 but corresponding to electrostatic fields for driving the particles in two opposite directions.
  • This operation associated with the initial deposition of a layer of varnish can be repeated as many times as necessary to obtain the desired thickness of insulation.
  • the electrical conductor is subjected to a heat treatment in order to dry the varnish and polymerize it. this in order to obtain stabilization of the insulating coating.
  • a heat treatment in order to dry the varnish and polymerize it.
  • stabilization of the insulating coating it is important to note that other techniques for spraying mica powder or other mineral insulators on the conductive wire coated with varnish could be used provided that these techniques allow adhesion on the varnish layer of a layer homogeneous uniform of mica or other equivalent mineral insulation.
  • the electrical conductor can be initially not bare but covered with an initial layer of enamel or a layer covering as shown in FIG. 2.
  • successive depositions of layers of varnish and layers of mica particles are carried out, followed by suitable heat treatment.
  • this process can be used with an enameled conductive wire whose thermal index is preferably greater than or equal to 180 ° C.
  • the method can be implemented on a conducting wire initially covered with a covering layer 60 as defined above. In the latter case, the aim is no longer to provide insulation under preferential economic conditions but to reinforce the proportion of inert materials with a material such as mica known for its good resistance to the corona effect.
  • the outer layer 62 can also be produced by covering.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Processes Specially Adapted For Manufacturing Cables (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Verfahren zum Isolieren eines elektrischen Leiters, umfassend den Schritt
    a) des Aufbringens einer Schicht aus Polymerlack auf den Leiter in einem Lösungsmittel und/oder Verdünnungsmittel;
       welches Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß es weiters die folgenden Schritte umfaßt:
    b) Erzeugen einer örtlich begrenzten Pulverwolke aus Teilchen eines mineralischen Isoliermaterials;
    c) kontinuierliches Bewegen des mit der Lackschicht überzogenen Leiters durch die Pulverwolke, wodurch die Teilchen zur Bildung einer Isolierschicht an der Lackschicht haften bleiben;
    d) Unterziehen des so umhüllten elektrischen Leiters einem Vorgang zur Trockung und Polymerisation des Lackes.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schritte a), c) und d) mehrmals wiederholt werden, bis das gewünschte Isolierauffnaß erhalten ist.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Pulverwolke durch Zerstäuben erzeugt wird.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das mineralische Isoliermaterial Glimmer ist.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gewichtsgehalt an Glimmer zwischen 40 und 60 Gew.%, bezogen auf das Gewicht der hergestellten Isolierung, beträgt.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Glimmerteilchen eine größte mittlere Dimension im Bereich von 0,4 mm haben.
  7. Isolierverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der elektrische Leiter anfänglich blank ist.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der elektrische Leiter anfänglich mit Email und/oder einer Bespinnung überzogen ist.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es weiters einen letzten Schritt des Aufbringens mindestens einer Lackschicht umfaßt.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es weiters einen letzten Schritt des Herstellens mindestens einer Bespinnungsschicht umfaßt.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Zerstäuben des mineralischen Pulvers mit einer Vorrichtung mit Zerstäubungsdüsen erfolgt.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Zerstäuben der Pulverwolke durch elektrostatisches Verlagern der Pulverteilchen erfolgt, wobei das elektrische Feld durch vom Leiter unabhängige Elektroden erzeugt wird.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Lack ein Polymer enthält, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe umfassend: gegebenenfalls modifiziertes Polyesterimid; Polyester; Epoxy; Polyamidimide; Polyimide; Polyurethane; Polyvinylacetoformaldehyd.
  14. Isolierter elektrischer Leitungsdraht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er eine leitende Ader, eine Mehrzahl von Lackschichten (14, 18) abwechselnd mit einer Mehrzahl von Schichten (16, 20) aus Isolierpulver aufweist, wobei jede Pulverschicht gleichmäßig auf einer Lackschicht haftet.
  15. Isolierter elektrischer Leitungsdraht nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er weiters mindestens eine Email- und/oder Bespinnungsschicht (60) aufweist, welche direkt auf der leitenden Ader (12) aufgebracht ist.
  16. Isolierter elektrischer Leitungsdraht nach einem der Ansprüche 14 und 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er weiters eine äußere Isolierung aus mindestens einer Lackschicht (22) und/oder mindestens einer Bespinnungsschicht (62) aufweist.
EP93401042A 1992-04-27 1993-04-22 Isolierungsverfahren eines elektrischen Leiters und isolierter elektrischer Daht hergestellt nach diesem Verfahren Expired - Lifetime EP0568415B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9205180A FR2690559B1 (fr) 1992-04-27 1992-04-27 Procede d'isolation d'un conducteur electrique et conducteur electrique isole tel qu'obtenu par la mise en óoeuvre du procede.
FR9205180 1992-04-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0568415A1 EP0568415A1 (de) 1993-11-03
EP0568415B1 true EP0568415B1 (de) 1996-10-30

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EP93401042A Expired - Lifetime EP0568415B1 (de) 1992-04-27 1993-04-22 Isolierungsverfahren eines elektrischen Leiters und isolierter elektrischer Daht hergestellt nach diesem Verfahren

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0568415B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0668730A (de)
AT (1) ATE144856T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69305681T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2093376T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2690559B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2760123B1 (fr) * 1997-02-24 1999-04-16 Alsthom Cge Alcatel Fil emaille de resistance elevee aux decharges partielles
WO2014102921A1 (ja) * 2012-12-26 2014-07-03 株式会社 日立製作所 耐熱配線部品とその製造方法
CN111029013B (zh) * 2019-10-17 2021-08-03 东莞宇隆电工材料有限公司 一种耐热循环的漆包线及生产工艺

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1558163A (en) * 1976-06-04 1979-12-19 Norsk Hydro As Insulating coatings
EP0041824A1 (de) * 1980-06-11 1981-12-16 Associated Electrical Industries Limited Verfahren zur Herstellung elektrischer Isolierung
JPH04106812A (ja) * 1990-08-27 1992-04-08 Toshiba Corp 絶縁導体の製造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0668730A (ja) 1994-03-11
FR2690559A1 (fr) 1993-10-29
FR2690559B1 (fr) 1997-03-14
EP0568415A1 (de) 1993-11-03
ATE144856T1 (de) 1996-11-15
ES2093376T3 (es) 1996-12-16
DE69305681T2 (de) 1997-03-20
DE69305681D1 (de) 1996-12-05

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