Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F15/00—Flooring
  • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
  • E04F15/022—Flooring consisting of parquetry tiles on a non-rollable sub-layer of other material, e.g. board, concrete, cork
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
  • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
  • B27M3/04—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of flooring elements, e.g. parqueting blocks
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F15/00—Flooring
  • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
  • E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members
  • E04F15/041—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members with a top layer of wood in combination with a lower layer of other material
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F15/00—Flooring
  • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
  • E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members
  • E04F15/045—Layered panels only of wood
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
  • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
  • B27K3/15—Impregnating involving polymerisation including use of polymer-containing impregnating agents
  • B27K3/153—Without in-situ polymerisation, condensation, or cross-linking reactions

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a wood surface layer for a parquet, wherein the wood grains extend perpen ⁇ dicularly or at an angle substantially deviating from zero relative to the plane of a parquet surface.
• the invention relates also to a method for manufacturing such a wood surface layer.
• An object of the invention is to provide a parquet structure and its manufacturing method, capable of avoiding the cracking of a wood surface layer upon drying or seasoning thereof and also capable of subs ⁇ tantially eliminating the after-movements caused by moisture fluctions.
• a further object of the invention is yet to improve this parquet structure and its manufacturing method in a manner that even the otherwise good wear resistance and hardness of vertically grianed wood can still be substantially increased while providing an effective extra shield to the penetration of moisture and an ef ⁇ fective binding against the forces of remaining moisture- induced movements and, yet at the same time, the amount of expensive parquet lacquer can be conventional.
• fig. 1 is a schematic plan view showing the various working sequences for wood slices or blocks used in the manufacture of a wood surface layer by applying a method of the invention.
• Fig. 2 illustrates hexagonal wood slices or blocks which have been treated with a method of the invention for use in a parquet wood surface layer.
• Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a cross-sectioned par ⁇ quet element which has a structure of the inven ⁇ tion.
• Fig. 4 is a cross-section of a sandwich parquet struc ⁇ ture
• fig. 5 shows in a larger scale a vertical section of a parquet wood surface layer with the wood grains extending in vertical direction.
• the manufacturing of a wood surface layer of the inven ⁇ tion proceeds as follows. Slices or blocks of suitable thickness are cut from a fresh polygonal wood balk per ⁇ pendicularly or at an acute angle to the wood grains. At this point, the slices or blocks may have a thickness of e.g. 14 mm. These wood slices or blocks, fig. 2 showing a hexagonal example, are impregnated with a water-soluble polyalcohol, for example polyethylene glycol (PEG) . The purpose of this is that the water- soluble impregnant replaces a sufficient amount of the cell-wall water of wood cells. This prevents the for ⁇ mation of seasoning cracks in wood and after-movements (dimensional fluctuations) caused by moisture variations. As well known, the moisture-induced movements of wood are definitely caused by an amount of water contained in cell walls and by the swelling and shrinking of a cell wall resulting from fluctuations in said amount of water.
• PEG polyethylene glycol
• the invention proceeds as follows,
• the slices or blocks cut off of fresh wood are carried onto a loading table 6 including a conveyor for carry ⁇ ing the slices or blocks into a microwave oven 7 for heating and also partially evaporating the internal water of wood.
• the temperature of wood slices or blocks 1' flowing out of oven 7 and that of the water, water vapour and air contained therein lies within the range of appr. 40 - 90 C.
• Conveyors 8 and 10 downstream of oven 7 are at room temperature, resulting in the cool ⁇ ing of wood and water vapour and hot air contained therein.
• a nozzle 9 is used to drain non-diluted polyalcohol in the form of a suitably heated thin flowable film, which trickles through a gap 8a between the successive sec ⁇ tions of track 8 into a receiving trough 9.
• the film spreads over wood slices or blocks advancing upon conveyor track 8, passing over gap 8a and beneath nozzle 9.
• a nozzle 11 is used to apply a polyalcohol film to the opposite surfaces of the blocks.
• the water-soluble polyalcohol impregnates well within wood as a result of its moisture and vacuum.
• a pre ⁇ ferred polyalcohol is polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight within the range of 600 - 1200.
• other water- soluble wood processing polyalcohols capable of re ⁇ placing cell-wall water in wood.
• the wood slices or blocks areadvanced or carried into a heat-treating storage 12 , having a temperature of appr. 50 - 80 C.
• the wood slices or blocks are held appr. 1 - 3 days, during which time the penetration (diffusion) of polyalcohol to a sufficient depth on either side of a wood block.
• the blocks thus impreg ⁇ nated with polyalcohol are removed from heat-treating storage and dried whereby, upon the removal of water, the polyalcohol concentrates.
• the block surfaces are ground and the contours are worked to precise dimen ⁇ sions.
• the blocks are glued to create board parquet blanks, i.e. the blocks are edhered be ⁇ tween two basic layers 4.
• the adhesion to a basic par ⁇ quet element layer 4 can be effected with a resin or a wood-based adhesive 5 (e.g. polyester resin or poly- vinyl acetate adhesive) .
• the base 4 can be preferably made of plywood having a thickness of e.g. 9 mm.
• the base 4 may also include one or more layers of reinforced plastics.
• the vertically grained surface layer 1 has a thickness of e.g. 3,0 - 3,5 mm.
• the surface of a finished wood parquet element is coat ⁇ ed with a filling resin or varnish, which is allowed to impregnate within and between the wood grains.
• the impregnation of filling resin is accelerated basically the same way as described above in connection with the impregnation of PEG.
• the boards are pre-heated whereby, upon cooling, they absorb the resin to a suf ⁇ ficient depth within and between the wood grains.
• One preferred filling resin or varnish is an inexpensive polyester resin, whereby the parquet manufacturing costs remain reasonable despite the fact that, due to the porosity of a surface , the required amount of resin
• filling resin or varnish preferably 150 - 200 g/m .
• the filling resin or varnish adsorbs locally to the depth of up to 0,5 mm and over most of the surface area to the depth of more than 0,2 mm.
• the thickness of filling resin or varnish layer 2 impregnating in wood varies according to the porosity and absorbability of wood-but is typical ⁇ ly within the above range.
• the process preferably em ⁇ ploys a UV-setting polyester resin but another possi ⁇ bility is a conventional, extra heat activated (accel ⁇ erated) setting reaction.
• a layer consisting of fill ⁇ ing resin or varnish 2 increases substantially the wear resistance and hardness of vertically grained wood.
• the surface filling layer also provides an additional protection against the penetration of moisture and, at the same time, reinforces the structure against the forces created by the remaining mosture-induced move ⁇ ments.
• expen ⁇ sive parquet lacquers such as UV-setting polyurethane lacquers
• the consumption of expen ⁇ sive parquet lacquers remains on the same level or will be lower than in conventional board parquets, i.e. typically
• the amount of filling resin or varnish to be impregnated within wood is appr. 4 - 5 times that of a parquet lacquer.
• the price of e.g. polyester resin is only a fraction of that of the UV-setting urethane lacquer used as a parquet lac ⁇ quer.
• a method of the invention is also suitable for manu ⁇ facturing a high-quality parquet from soft grades of wood.
• alder has been used to manufacture for test purposes a vertically-grained wood parquet having an approximately double hardness and a multiple wear resistance as compared to normal oakwood parquet.
• aspen can be used to produce a parquet competitive with the available grade of parquet in terms of wear resistance and hardness. The same applies also to the relatives of aspen, e.g. poplar. Indeed, one discovery and benefit of the invention relates to the very use of soft grades of wood.
• a single parquet element can be made to be relatively wide (e.g. 278 cm) , whereby it is possible to create a wide range of designs by varying the laying-down patterns of wood blocks which vay in terms of colour tones and sizes/designs.
• the possibility of using inexpensive wood materials such as alder and aspen renders a parquet structure of the invention competitive also in terms of price.
• This method can be applied to the manufacture of finish ⁇ ed parquet or board parquet but it is also applicable to genuine parquet to be laid directly on the floor to match a traditional floor parquet, wherein the blocks are glued directly to the floor, ground and varnished with parquet lacquers.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)

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• 1990
  • 1990-12-05 FI FI906014A patent/FI93432C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1991
  • 1991-12-05 EP EP92900447A patent/EP0560853B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-12-05 JP JP4501007A patent/JPH06506162A/ja active Pending
  • 1991-12-05 DE DE69118910T patent/DE69118910T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1991-12-05 WO PCT/FI1991/000375 patent/WO1992010341A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1991-12-05 RU RU9193047199A patent/RU2073088C1/ru active

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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